Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - ICB - Universidade Federal ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

AbstractAccording to reports from travelers, during the occupation of the region where today islocated the National Park of Serra do Cipo, large tracts of the landscape were managedfor grazing, resulting in deforestation, burning and frequent planting of exotic grasses.After the implementation of park and the programs of fighting fires and removal ofcattle, began the natural recovery of these areas. In the valley of the Rio Cipo, near tothe convergence of rivers Bocaina and Mascates, a variable-width riparian forest isbordered by a grassy field, located in a sandy plain sedimentation, which remainswaterlogged in the rainy season. This field, in turn, is bordered by an area of savanna,located at altitudes a little higher. In the field there are herbaceous species, shrubs andtrees that indicate a clear successional process driven by the closure of agropastoralactivities. The objective of this study was to understand the processes that aredetermining the colonization of the field and propose a possible succession trajectoryfor the area. For this, floristic surveys were made in the field, forest and savanna by themethod of the plot, including all individuals taller than 50 cm. The dispersal syndromeswere determined based on the literature and consulting experts. In some of these plots,soil samples were collected for analysis of moisture, texture and fertility. Additionally,field measurements of microclimate were made with the LICOR-1400 datalogger. Thegeometric model adjusted to the "ranks" of species abundance, highlights the idea of afield successional process. In this field, among the herbaceous, grass with affinity forwet soils are dominats, where there are species richness. In contrast to the species ofwoods that are concentrated at the edge of the field, savanna species are foundthroughout the length of the field. The three dispersal syndromes may be encountered inthe field, while in the forest and savanna, the zoochory is predominant. Differenttextures and fertility characterize the soils of successional field, the forest and thesavanna, but all of them had toxic concentrations of aluminum and nutritional extremepoverty. In the field, among other features, it is remarkable the high percentage of silt,which suggests slow weathering, likely caused by excessive moisture longer, whichhave remained over time. This suggests that the field may not have sustained a denseand larger vegetation, with high capacity for evapotranspiration, enough to allowoxidation processes that result in the accumulation of clay. As a result, a successiontrajectory would be possible to maintain a field flooded with groups of individualsincluded in the matrix of grasses typical of wetlands. This context can represent a strong"base attraction," originated from local anthropogenic interventions, in which the fieldtends to remain.Keywords: abandoned fields, savanna, floods, ecological succession.VI
Lista de FigurasFIGURA 1 - Estimativa da área global de paisagens abandonadas em florestas esavanas no período de 1700 até 1990 ....................................................................... 10FIGURA 2 - Paisagem de estabilidade com duas bases de atração mostrando aposição do sistema e três aspectos da resiliência .................................................... 12FIGURA 3 - Localização geográfica do Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó-MG .. 19FIGURA 4 - Localização geográfica da Serra do Cipó no contexto da Cadeia doEspinhaço ................................................................................................................... 20FIGURA 5 - Imagem de satélite mostrando a área de estudo em diferentes escalas.................................................................................................................................... 24FIGURA 6 - Imagem de satélite da área de estudo mostrando o campo degramíneas, a mata ciliar e o cerrado ....................................................................... 25FIGURA 7 - Gradiente vegetacional da área de estudo ............................................ 25FIGURA 8 - Cada uma das três fitofisionomias acompanhada pela respectivafotografia hemisférica ............................................................................................... 26FIGURA 9 - Fotografias da área de estudo. (A) planície de inundação do Rio Cipóem dezembro de 2009. (B) (C) solo encharcado com formação de lâmina d’água.................................................................................................................................... 27FIGURA 10 - Imagem de satélite mostrando o posicionamento aproximado dostrês transectos na área de estudos. .......................................................................... 29FIGURA 11 - Espécies de gramíneas estudadas. (A) Andropogon bicornis, (B)Urochloa decumbens, (C) Poaceae não identificada ............................................... 31FIGURA 12 - Curva espécie/abundância para os três transectos do campo ....... 34FIGURA 13 - Relações entre as abundâncias das três espécies de gramíneas e aumidade do solo ......................................................................................................... 35FIGURA 14 - Relações entre a riqueza de espécies, a umidade e a cobertura dastrês gramíneas estudadas (Poaceae (não identificada), Urochloa decumbens eAndropogon bicornis) ................................................................................................ 36FIGURA 15 - Aumento da riqueza em espécies com a distância em relação àsbordas do cerrado ..................................................................................................... 37VII
Page 2: À minha mãe - nada menos do que m
Page 5 and 6: começando do zero. Pelo seu ombro
Page 7: ResumoSegundo relatos de viajantes,
Page 11 and 12: Lista de TabelasTABELA 1 - Processo
Page 13: 9.3. Efeitos da distância em rela
Page 16 and 17: Eugênia Kelly Luciano Batista_____
Page 40 and 41: Fotos: Gustavo SchifllerFotos: Gust
Page 48 and 49: Abundância (log)Eugênia Kelly Luc
Page 50 and 51: Riqueza de EspéciesRiqueza de Esp
Page 52 and 53: Nº de Indivíduos (%)Umidade do Ar
Page 54 and 55: % EspéciesAutocóricas% EspéciesA
Page 56 and 57: Prem (mg/L)Prem (mg/L)MO (dag/kg)MO
Page 58 and 59:
Eugênia Kelly Luciano Batista_____
Page 60 and 61:
DISC2Eugênia Kelly Luciano Batista
Page 62 and 63:
Factor(2)PCA2Eugênia Kelly Luciano
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
FAMÍLIA ESPÉCIE SD (Primária) PO
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
Page 106 and 107:
APÊNDICE C - Correlação entre as
show all

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - ICB - Universidade Federal ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?