TuTis mcire alura â GLYPHODES PYLOALIS Walker TuTis axali ...
TuTis mcire alura â GLYPHODES PYLOALIS Walker TuTis axali ...
TuTis mcire alura â GLYPHODES PYLOALIS Walker TuTis axali ...
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<strong>TuTis</strong> <strong>mcire</strong> <strong>alura</strong> – <strong>GLYPHODES</strong> <strong>PYLOALIS</strong> <strong>Walker</strong> <strong>TuTis</strong> <strong>axali</strong><br />
mavnebeli saqarTveloSi<br />
<strong>TuTis</strong> <strong>mcire</strong> <strong>alura</strong>s mavneoba saqarTveloSi pirvelad 2004 w.<br />
aRniSnuli iyo kaxeTSi TuTaze, magram ver dadginda mavneblis saxeoba.<br />
2006 w. Catarebuli kvlevebis Sedegad aRiniSna, rom q.TbilisSi <strong>TuTis</strong><br />
nargavebs azianebs saqarTvelos florisaTvis <strong>axali</strong>, amerikuli<br />
warmoSobis mavnebeli – <strong>TuTis</strong> <strong>mcire</strong> <strong>alura</strong>, Glyphodes pyloalis <strong>Walker</strong>,<br />
<strong>TuTis</strong> specializirebuli (monofagi) mavnebeli.<br />
<strong>TuTis</strong> <strong>mcire</strong> <strong>alura</strong> miekuTvneba mwerTa klass (Insecta),<br />
qerclfrTianTa razms (Lepidoptera), Grambidae ojaxs, Pyraustinae-s qveojaxs,<br />
Glyphodes gvars. es saxeoba gavrcelebulia aSS-Si (floridis, misisipis,<br />
virjiniis Statebi), meqsikaSi, indoeTSi, iaponiaSi, Sua aziis<br />
respublikebsa da azerbaijanSi.<br />
literaturuli monacemebiT, mavnebeli 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi (1995-2005<br />
ww. ) farTod gavrcelda Sua aziis da azerbaijanis respublikebis<br />
teritoriaze, aseve miTiTebulia, rom azerbaijanSi is jer ar aris<br />
Setanili sakarantino mavne organizmebis erovnul nusxaSi (Шалиев, 2008).<br />
daaxloebiT 6 wlis win ferganis velze aRiniSna am mavneblis Zlieri<br />
mavneoba. <strong>TuTis</strong> <strong>mcire</strong> <strong>alura</strong>m praqtikulad konkurentoba gauwia <strong>TuTis</strong><br />
parkixvevias. mecnierTa gamoTvliT, ferganaSi <strong>TuTis</strong> <strong>mcire</strong> <strong>alura</strong>s<br />
nawilobriv ganadgurebas dasWirdeba 850 aTasi amerikuli dolari.<br />
motanilia monacemebi am saxeobis mavneobaze meTuTeobis regionebSi.<br />
mavnebeli ikvebeba mxolod <strong>TuTis</strong> foTlebiT - monofagia, magram<br />
arsad ar moipoveba masala am mavneblis morfologiasa da<br />
bioekologiaze.<br />
q.TbilisSi mavnebeli SeimCneva Zvel ubnebSi, Zvel an dasustebul,<br />
didfoTlovan <strong>TuTis</strong> xeebze. foTlis qveda mxareze matli iwyebs<br />
kvebas, magram foTlis epidermisi rCeba xeluxlebeli, droTa<br />
ganvalobaSi ki is iSleba da Cndeba didi nekrozuli laqebi. xSirad<br />
foToli or-sam adgilas aris gadakecili da “mikerebuli” ablabudiT,<br />
zogjer gvxvdeba gadakerili ramodenime foToli (sur. 1, 2, 3).
sur.1. <strong>TuTis</strong> <strong>mcire</strong> aluriT dazianebuli foToli, Cans komstokis<br />
crufarianas matlebi<br />
sur.2. <strong>TuTis</strong> <strong>mcire</strong> aluriT dazianebuli foTlebidan “bude”<br />
sur.3. <strong>TuTis</strong> foToli <strong>alura</strong>s da komstrokis crufarianas matlebiT
xSir SemTxvevaSi dazianebuli foTlis zedapiris da mcenaris varjis<br />
dazianeba aRwevs 80-90%.foTlidan rCeba mxolod ZarRvebi. erT<br />
foTolze aRiricxeba 3-5-7-8 cali matli. aRsaniSnavia, rom erT<br />
foTolze gvxvdeba sxvadasxva asakis matlebi. sainteresoa, rom <strong>TuTis</strong><br />
xis - Morus alba-s aluriT dazianebul foTlebze aseve didi<br />
raodenobiT (6-7 cali/foT.) gvxvdeba komstokis crufarianas,<br />
Pseudacoccus comstocki umcrosi xnovanebis matlebi.<br />
<strong>alura</strong>sPumcrosi asakis matlebi kvebis dros zogjer ar kecaven<br />
foTols. daWuprebis win, rogorc wesi matli moTavsebulia nakecSi,<br />
sadac iWuprebs Txel ablabudaSi (vegetaciis periodSi). mavnebeli<br />
zamTrobs Wupris fazaSi, magram ukve talaxisfer parkSi niadagSi,<br />
qerqis qveS da sxva dafarul, myudro adgilebSi (Канчавели и др., 2009).<br />
Tbilisis pirobebSi Catarebuli gamoklevebis Tanaxmad (3 wliani<br />
monitoringis monacemebi), peplebis gamofrenas adgili aqvs maSin,<br />
rodesac haeris temperatura 15 0 C aWarbebs da <strong>TuTis</strong> xeze ukve<br />
ganviTarebulia zrdasruli foTlebi. dRis ganmavlobaSi peplebi<br />
mcenaris SigniTa foTlebis qveda mxareze efarebian. peplebi<br />
sinaTleze frenen (dadebiTi fototaqsisi). aqtiuroba da frena iwyeba<br />
saRamos da srul sibnelemde grZeldeba. ganayofierebis Semdeg mweris<br />
dedali kvercxs debs umTavresad uxeSi foTlis zedapirze mTavari<br />
ZarRvis gaswvriv. aprilis bolodan – maisSi aRiniSneba pirveli<br />
Taobis matlebi. ivlisis dasawyisSi aRiniSna mavneblis meore Taobis<br />
peplebis masobrivi frena da kvercxdeba, erT kviraSi ki – pirveli<br />
xnovanebis matlebis mavneoba. bolo xnovanebis matlebi aRiniSneboda<br />
oqtombris Sua ricxvebSi. Catarebuli dakvirvebebiT mavnebels<br />
saqarTveloSi aqvs 3- 4 generacia.<br />
rogorc aRricxvebidan gamoirkva, <strong>alura</strong>s dazianeba gxvdeba<br />
TiTqmis yvela foTolze, romelic gadaxveulia centraluri ZarRvis<br />
gaswvriv da “Sekrulia” ablabudiT, Sida nawilSi aRiniSneba “fanjrebi”<br />
eqskrementebiTa da foTlis mwvane nawilze gamosuli matlebiT.<br />
aRsaniSnavia, rom gadakecili foTlis zeda mxaris epidermisi ar aris<br />
dazianebuli.<br />
<strong>TuTis</strong> xeebze Catarebuli dakvirvebebiT da Segrovili masalis<br />
damuSavebis Sedegad, pirveli xnovanebis matli sigrZiT saSualod aris<br />
– 3.6 mm, meore – 8.9 mm, mesame – 14.3 mm, meoTxe – 19.0 mm. daWuprebis win<br />
20 mm matli moyviTalo-momwvanoa, Tavis kafsula moyviTalo feris,<br />
zurgze jgufebad ganlagebulia ufero bususebi, zurgis gaswvriv ki 4
zolad Savi laqebi, saSualod yovel segmentze 4 Savi laqaa. sxeulis<br />
boloze ganlagebulia meWeWi. Wupris sigrZea – 10 mm, yavisferia. pepela<br />
patara zomisaa, Ria yavisferi, muceli da fexebi oqrosferia, sigrZe 10<br />
mm, frTa Riayavisferia, muqi yavisferi farTo zolebiT da kuTxeSi<br />
patara Savi samkuTxediT. frTa “gofrirebulia” kostarul ZarRvTan<br />
Ria yavisferi laqiT. 5-6 dReSi kvercxebidan iCekebian matlebi, isini<br />
ikvebebian da 4-jer icvlian kans. pirveli Taobis peplebis frena iwyeba<br />
maisis bolos, meore Taobis – ivnisis bolos - ivlisSi, mesames –<br />
ivlisis bolos - agvistoSi, meoTxes – seqtember-oqtomberSi. pirveli<br />
Taobis ganviTareba grZeldeba daaxloebiT 35-45 dRes, meore Taobis<br />
sul 25-30, mesame Taobis - 40-45, meoTxe Taobis - 35-40. <strong>TuTis</strong><br />
plantaciebSi <strong>alura</strong>s intensiuri gamravlebis dros saWiroa xeebis<br />
Rrma gasxvla da nasxlavis dawva, an niadagSi Rrmad damarxva, sarevela<br />
mcenareebis mospoba. mavneblis I-III xnovanebis matlebis masobrivi<br />
gamoCenis dros rekomendirebulia xeebis damuSaveba nebismieri<br />
inseqticidiT (fosfororganuli, piretroiduli, biologiuri).<br />
TbilisSi pirveli damuSaveba unda moxdes peplebis masobrivi frenis<br />
Semdeg (aprilis bolo – maisi), meore damuSaveba – ivlisis dasawyisSi.<br />
sur. 4. <strong>TuTis</strong> <strong>mcire</strong> <strong>alura</strong>s imago<br />
avtori: sursaTis uvneblobis, veterinariisa<br />
da mcenareTa dacvis erovnuli samsaxuris Tbilisis saqalaqo<br />
sammarTvelos mT. specialisti,<br />
biologiur mecnierebaTa akademiuri<br />
doqtori manana farcvania
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