ESCOAMENTO SUPERFICIAL E RISCO DE EROSÃO DO SOLO NA ...

ESCOAMENTO SUPERFICIAL E RISCO DE EROSÃO DO SOLO NA ... ESCOAMENTO SUPERFICIAL E RISCO DE EROSÃO DO SOLO NA ...

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2 Novo Horizonte. As taxas de infiltração da água nos solos moderadas e rápidas promovem baixo escoamento superficial. A Sub-Bacia estudada apresentou boa capacidade de drenagem e baixo escoamento superficial, porém devido à degradação de algumas propriedades dos solos que afetam a dinâmica da água neste, sobretudo no Latossolo, algumas áreas apresentam risco de erosão. Palavras-chave: Uso e manejo do solo, propriedades físicas, degradação do solo, suscetibilidade à erosão.

3 SURFACE RUNOFF AND SOIL EROSION RISK IN THE SUB-WATERSHED JARDIM NOVO HORIZONTE, ILHA SOLTEIRA-SP, BRAZIL. Botucatu, 2010. 88 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia/Irrigação e Drenagem) – Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista. Author: CARLA DEISIANE DE OLIVEIRA COSTA Adviser: ANTÔNIO DE PÁDUA SOUSA Co-Adviser: MARLENE CRISTINA ALVES 2 SUMMARY The sub-watershed Jardim Novo Horizonte is located in Ilha Solteira-SP, Brazil, in the northeast of São Paulo State. This region shows grave environment problems, such as soil erosion and river sedimentation, as well as few native forests. Soils in the sub-watershed are classified as Red Oxisol and Red-Yellow Alfisol. This research had the objective of studying soil physical attributes that affect water dynamics, drainage capacity of the sub-watershed and surface runoff in the sub-watershed Jardim Novo Horizonte, contributing to identify areas of erosion risk and soil degradation. Soil physical and chemical properties were evaluated under different cropping systems. Sampling took place in ten spots along the sub-watershed. Seven and three samples were taken from the Oxisol and Alfisol, respectively. Five replications were evaluated for each place. The following systems were sampled from the Oxisol: area cropped with mango, four areas under pasture, area with annual crop and degraded area with fragments of native forest in a transition between the Oxisol and the Alfisol. Two places under pasture and annual crop were sampled in the Alfisol. Results of physical and chemical attributes, as well as water dynamics in soil, were submitted to combined analysis for each soil class and to the Tukey test, using the SAS program. The simulation of surface runoff was carried through using the SIMHUNER program. Physical and chemical degradation of the Oxisol, caused by soil use and management, lead to higher erosion risk in the sub-watershed Jardim Novo Horizonte. Moderate and higher rates of water infiltration in soil cause low surface runoff. The sub-watershed showed good drainage capacity and low surface runoff. However, some regions

2<br />

Novo Horizonte. As taxas de infiltração da água nos solos moderadas e rápidas promovem<br />

baixo escoamento superficial. A Sub-Bacia estudada apresentou boa capacidade de drenagem<br />

e baixo escoamento superficial, porém devido à degradação de algumas propriedades dos solos<br />

que afetam a dinâmica da água neste, sobretudo no Latossolo, algumas áreas apresentam risco<br />

de erosão.<br />

Palavras-chave: Uso e manejo do solo, propriedades físicas, degradação do solo,<br />

suscetibilidade à erosão.

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