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Tese de Doutorado Gilmar - Programa de de Pós-Graduação em ...

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ABSTRACT<br />

Using the technique of finite el<strong>em</strong>ent to the simulation of mechanical forming<br />

processes and the assessment of mechanical properties of materials is still a<br />

challenge. Analysis of cold forming processes has been accomplished, with relative<br />

success, as well as optimizations during project <strong>de</strong>velopment. Depending on the<br />

<strong>de</strong>sired shape, forming requires several stages, being each stage responsible for a<br />

small <strong>de</strong>formation. However, obtaining an efficient production sequence, from<br />

economical and technical standpoints is, in many instances, achieved by <strong>em</strong>pirical<br />

methods which require a number of tests and adjustments. The present work<br />

assessed the influence of the extrusion process variables as well as their restrictions<br />

in cold inverted extrusion forming by physically simulating closed-form matrices and<br />

hydraulic presses. Simultaneously, extrusion stages of ABNT 1010 steel were<br />

simulated by applying finite el<strong>em</strong>ent analysis consi<strong>de</strong>ring or not the existence of<br />

<strong>de</strong>formation paths. The flow curves, effective stress versus effective strain, used in<br />

numerical simulations of 1 ˚ stage were obtained by means of conventional tensile<br />

test and instrumented in<strong>de</strong>ntation tests. The techniques <strong>em</strong>ployed revealed to be<br />

effective for obtaining both flux curves as well as effective <strong>de</strong>formation profiles using<br />

the software Deform 2D. Load prediction was also performed by obtaining a mean<br />

error distribution with standard <strong>de</strong>viation 14.32, 4.22, 11.02 and 4.06 respectively for<br />

ABNT 1010 steel in the cold-drawn and hot-rolled directions with different puncture<br />

geometries. From the obtained results for the first <strong>de</strong>formation step a technique was<br />

proposed for <strong>de</strong>termining flux curves which take the <strong>de</strong>formation path into account.<br />

Keywords: Numerical simulation. Forming. Hardness in<strong>de</strong>ntation test.

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