Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia ...
Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia ...
Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia ...
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<strong>Diretrizes</strong> <strong>da</strong> Socie<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>Brasileira</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>Pneumologia</strong> e <strong>Tisiologia</strong> para o Manejo <strong>da</strong> Asma - 2012<br />
por sua vez, têm mais dificul<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> a<strong>de</strong>rir ao<br />
tratamento e manter o controle <strong>da</strong> asma. (100) A<br />
baixa percepção dos sintomas, a não a<strong>de</strong>são ao<br />
tratamento e a falta <strong>de</strong> controle <strong>da</strong> doença estão<br />
mais presentes nos que têm predominantemente<br />
<strong>de</strong>pressão. Asmáticos graves têm mais distúrbios<br />
emocionais do que aqueles com asma leve<br />
ou mo<strong>de</strong>ra<strong>da</strong>. (101-103) Recomen<strong>da</strong>-se que, em<br />
pacientes com asma <strong>de</strong> difícil controle, esses<br />
fatores sejam a<strong>de</strong>qua<strong>da</strong>mente valorizados.<br />
Aspergilose broncopulmonar alérgica<br />
A aspergilose broncopulmonar alérgica<br />
<strong>de</strong>ve ser investiga<strong>da</strong> em pacientes com asma<br />
cortico<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nte e com bronquiectasias<br />
centrais ou infiltrados pulmonares, naqueles<br />
com teste cutâneo positivo para Aspergillus sp.<br />
ou naqueles com dosagem <strong>de</strong> IgE total superior a<br />
1.000 U/L e IgE ou IgG contra Aspergillus sp. no<br />
sangue. (104) Aproxima<strong>da</strong>mente 25% dos asmáticos<br />
reagem positivamente ao teste cutâneo imediato<br />
contra Aspergillus sp., indicando sensibilização,<br />
mas não necessariamente a doença. (105)<br />
O tratamento <strong>da</strong> aspergilose broncopulmonar<br />
alérgica é guiado e monitorado através do nível<br />
<strong>de</strong> controle <strong>da</strong> asma, infiltrados radiológicos,<br />
função pulmonar e níveis <strong>de</strong> IgE. Recomen<strong>da</strong>-se<br />
iniciar o tratamento com 0,50-0,75 mg/kg/dia<br />
<strong>de</strong> prednisona, com redução gradual <strong>da</strong> dose a<br />
ca<strong>da</strong> 6 semanas. (106) O tempo total <strong>de</strong> tratamento<br />
é <strong>de</strong> 6-12 meses. Uma revisão sistemática<br />
sobre o uso <strong>de</strong> itraconazol (200 mg 12/12 h)<br />
mostrou uma que<strong>da</strong> <strong>de</strong> pelo menos 25% nos<br />
níveis <strong>de</strong> IgE, com melhora clínica e redução nas<br />
exacerbações, mas sem repercussões na função<br />
pulmonar. (106)<br />
Medicamentos e instabili<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>da</strong> asma<br />
Até 28% dos adultos com asma, mas<br />
raramente crianças, sofrem <strong>de</strong> exacerbações em<br />
resposta à aspirina e a outros anti-inflamatórios<br />
não esteroi<strong>de</strong>s. (107) Outros medicamentos<br />
também po<strong>de</strong>m causar broncoespasmo,<br />
como, por exemplo, os beta-bloqueadores. (108)<br />
Recomen<strong>da</strong>-se evitar completamente as drogas<br />
que causam os sintomas.<br />
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