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alterações na transformação de músculo em carne - Campos e Carrer

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ALTERA«’ES NA<br />

TRANSFORMA« O DE<br />

M⁄SCULO EM CARNE<br />

pdfMachine<br />

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CARNE PSE<br />

(P·lida, suave e exsudativa)<br />

ï Causada pelo ìstressî antes do abate e<br />

<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nte da suscetibilida<strong>de</strong> genÈtica<br />

ï (gene halotano - raÁas Pietran, Poland<br />

Chi<strong>na</strong> - raÁas suscetÌveis; raÁas<br />

resistentes ‡ PSE - Large White, Duroc;<br />

raÁa intermedi·ria - Landrace)<br />

pdfMachine<br />

A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />

Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />

nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />

“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!


Fatores <strong>de</strong> prÈ-abate que po<strong>de</strong>m gerar<br />

PSE:<br />

- predisposiÁ„o genÈtica<br />

- alta <strong>de</strong>nsida<strong>de</strong> no transporte<br />

- mistura <strong>de</strong> lotes diferentes<br />

- rampa <strong>de</strong> recepÁ„o com incli<strong>na</strong>Á„o<br />

acima <strong>de</strong> 20<br />

- longo perÌodo <strong>de</strong> t<strong>em</strong>po entre<br />

insensibilizaÁ„o e sangria (secreÁ„o<br />

<strong>de</strong> catecolami<strong>na</strong>s, sÌndrome do<br />

medo)<br />

pdfMachine<br />

A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />

Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />

nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />

“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!


Desenvolvimento da reaÁ„o bioquÌmica<br />

da PSE<br />

ï Consumo <strong>de</strong> glicogÍnio muscular,<br />

queda r·pida <strong>de</strong> pH, t<strong>em</strong>peratura do<br />

m˙sculo ainda alta Des<strong>na</strong>turaÁ„o<br />

protÈica<br />

ï Carne mostra-se p·lida <strong>de</strong>vido ‡<br />

exsudaÁ„o (·gua superficial)<br />

ï Perda da capacida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> retenÁ„o <strong>de</strong><br />

·gua pelas proteÌ<strong>na</strong>s (exsudaÁ„o)<br />

pdfMachine<br />

A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />

Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />

nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />

“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!


IncidÍncia: ocorre principalmente <strong>em</strong><br />

<strong>carne</strong> suÌ<strong>na</strong> 40 minutos apÛs o abate<br />

<strong>carne</strong> com pH 5,8.<br />

ï IncidÍncia <strong>de</strong> 60%. Atualmente<br />

verificada <strong>em</strong> <strong>carne</strong> <strong>de</strong> frango.<br />

ï Teste para animais susceptÌveis:<br />

atmosfera <strong>de</strong> halotano, animais sensÌveis<br />

sofr<strong>em</strong> convuls„o (para reprodutores)<br />

pdfMachine<br />

A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />

Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />

nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />

“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!


MediÁ„o da PSE:<br />

ï pH: no pernil ñ normal pH acima <strong>de</strong> 5,8 a 6,0<br />

apÛs 45 minutos da sangria/ pH menor que<br />

5,8 apÛs 45 minutos PSE<br />

ï cor: p·lida amarelada<br />

pdfMachine<br />

A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />

Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />

nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />

“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!


Carne normal X Carne PSE<br />

pdfMachine<br />

A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />

Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />

nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />

“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!


Conseq¸Íncias econÙmicas<br />

- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas <strong>na</strong> cura (5%)<br />

- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas durante cozimento (10 a<br />

20%)<br />

- aumento <strong>na</strong> proporÁ„o <strong>de</strong> gelati<strong>na</strong><br />

principalmente <strong>em</strong> produtos enlatados (8 a<br />

10%)<br />

- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas por exsudaÁ„o (6 a<br />

10%)<br />

- pali<strong>de</strong>z do lombo e duas to<strong>na</strong>lida<strong>de</strong>s no<br />

pernil<br />

pdfMachine<br />

A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />

Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />

nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />

“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!


Usos da <strong>carne</strong> PSE<br />

- salame: 30% <strong>de</strong> <strong>carne</strong> bovi<strong>na</strong> e<br />

suÌ<strong>na</strong> normais e atÈ 70% <strong>de</strong> <strong>carne</strong><br />

PSE<br />

- presunto cru: ‡s vezes gera<br />

produto muito seco e s<strong>em</strong> aroma<br />

- Em produtos salgados: aumenta a<br />

absorÁ„o <strong>de</strong> sal pela estrutura mais<br />

aberta<br />

pdfMachine<br />

A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />

Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />

nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />

“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!


Carne DFD (seca, firme e escura)<br />

Fatores <strong>de</strong> prÈ-abate que po<strong>de</strong>m gerar<br />

DFD:<br />

ï esgotamento do glicogÍnio antes do<br />

abate (jejum prolongado, agitaÁ„o, brigas,<br />

transporte prolongado)<br />

pdfMachine<br />

A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />

Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />

nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />

“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!


Desenvolvimento da reaÁ„o bioquÌmica<br />

da DFD<br />

ï Peque<strong>na</strong> formaÁ„o ·cido l·ctico e peque<strong>na</strong><br />

queda <strong>de</strong> pH (pH fi<strong>na</strong>l <strong>em</strong> torno <strong>de</strong> 6,2 ñ6,4)<br />

ï Escurecimento da <strong>carne</strong> (O 2 n„o consegue<br />

penetrar pelo entumescimento da fibra,<br />

estrutura fechada)<br />

ï Textura firme: n„o ocorre <strong>de</strong>s<strong>na</strong>turaÁ„o<br />

protÈica (n„o atinge pH 5,5)<br />

ï TendÍncia ‡ r·pida <strong>de</strong>terioraÁ„o pela alta<br />

quantida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> ·gua e pH<br />

pdfMachine<br />

A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />

Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />

nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />

“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!


Carne normal X Carne DFD<br />

pdfMachine<br />

A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />

Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />

nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />

“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!


ï IncidÍncia: ocorre <strong>em</strong> <strong>carne</strong> bovi<strong>na</strong> e<br />

suÌ<strong>na</strong>.<br />

ï Em suÌnos: 40 minutos apÛs abate pH =<br />

ou maior que 6,4<br />

pdfMachine<br />

A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />

Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />

nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />

“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!


Conseq¸Íncias econÙmicas<br />

- falta <strong>de</strong> sabor e aroma<br />

- vida <strong>de</strong> prateleira inferior a 2 dias a<br />

0C<br />

- baixa atrativida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>vido ‡ cor<br />

- menor capacida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> difus„o do<br />

sal <strong>na</strong> cura (estrutura fechada, n„o<br />

permite penetraÁ„o do sal)<br />

- menor maciez<br />

pdfMachine<br />

A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />

Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />

nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />

“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!


USOS DA DFD<br />

Po<strong>de</strong> ser <strong>em</strong>pregada para a fabricaÁ„o<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>em</strong>butidos cozidos (alta capacida<strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong> retenÁ„o <strong>de</strong> ·gua, diminui perdas no<br />

cozimento)<br />

- salsicha: atÈ 60%<br />

- presunto cozido: atÈ 40%<br />

- n„o a<strong>de</strong>quada para: salame (<strong>de</strong>vido<br />

ao alto pH) e presunto cru (diminui a<br />

vida ˙til principalmente quando com<br />

osso<br />

pdfMachine<br />

A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />

Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />

nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />

“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!


SoluÁıes para DFD<br />

ï ·cido l·ctico microencapsulado (esferas<br />

<strong>de</strong> material gorduroso)<br />

ï polifosfatos ·cidos<br />

ï gluco<strong>na</strong> <strong>de</strong>lta lacto<strong>na</strong> forma ·cido<br />

glucÙnico <strong>na</strong> presenÁa <strong>de</strong> ·gua, reduz<br />

t<strong>em</strong>po <strong>de</strong> estufa <strong>de</strong> produtos curados<br />

pois forma ·cido<br />

ï A <strong>carne</strong> DFD possui maior valor<br />

nutritivo <strong>em</strong> relaÁ„o ‡ <strong>carne</strong> PSE<br />

pdfMachine<br />

A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />

Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />

nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />

“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!


ALTERA«’ES NA<br />

TRANSFORMA« O DE<br />

M⁄SCULO EM CARNE


CARNE PSE<br />

(P·lida, suave e exsudativa)<br />

ï Causada pelo ìstressî antes do abate e<br />

<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nte da suscetibilida<strong>de</strong> genÈtica<br />

ï (gene halotano - raÁas Pietran, Poland<br />

Chi<strong>na</strong> - raÁas suscetÌveis; raÁas<br />

resistentes ‡ PSE - Large White, Duroc;<br />

raÁa intermedi·ria - Landrace)


Fatores <strong>de</strong> prÈ-abate que po<strong>de</strong>m gerar<br />

PSE:<br />

- predisposiÁ„o genÈtica<br />

- alta <strong>de</strong>nsida<strong>de</strong> no transporte<br />

- mistura <strong>de</strong> lotes diferentes<br />

- rampa <strong>de</strong> recepÁ„o com incli<strong>na</strong>Á„o<br />

acima <strong>de</strong> 20<br />

- longo perÌodo <strong>de</strong> t<strong>em</strong>po entre<br />

insensibilizaÁ„o e sangria (secreÁ„o<br />

<strong>de</strong> catecolami<strong>na</strong>s, sÌndrome do<br />

medo)


Desenvolvimento da reaÁ„o bioquÌmica<br />

da PSE<br />

ï Consumo <strong>de</strong> glicogÍnio muscular,<br />

queda r·pida <strong>de</strong> pH, t<strong>em</strong>peratura do<br />

m˙sculo ainda alta Des<strong>na</strong>turaÁ„o<br />

protÈica<br />

ï Carne mostra-se p·lida <strong>de</strong>vido ‡<br />

exsudaÁ„o (·gua superficial)<br />

ï Perda da capacida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> retenÁ„o <strong>de</strong><br />

·gua pelas proteÌ<strong>na</strong>s (exsudaÁ„o)


IncidÍncia: ocorre principalmente <strong>em</strong><br />

<strong>carne</strong> suÌ<strong>na</strong> 40 minutos apÛs o abate<br />

<strong>carne</strong> com pH 5,8.<br />

ï IncidÍncia <strong>de</strong> 60%. Atualmente<br />

verificada <strong>em</strong> <strong>carne</strong> <strong>de</strong> frango.<br />

ï Teste para animais susceptÌveis:<br />

atmosfera <strong>de</strong> halotano, animais sensÌveis<br />

sofr<strong>em</strong> convuls„o (para reprodutores)


MediÁ„o da PSE:<br />

ï pH: no pernil ñ normal pH acima <strong>de</strong> 5,8 a 6,0<br />

apÛs 45 minutos da sangria/ pH menor que<br />

5,8 apÛs 45 minutos PSE<br />

ï cor: p·lida amarelada


Carne normal X Carne PSE


Conseq¸Íncias econÙmicas<br />

- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas <strong>na</strong> cura (5%)<br />

- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas durante cozimento (10 a<br />

20%)<br />

- aumento <strong>na</strong> proporÁ„o <strong>de</strong> gelati<strong>na</strong><br />

principalmente <strong>em</strong> produtos enlatados (8 a<br />

10%)<br />

- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas por exsudaÁ„o (6 a<br />

10%)<br />

- pali<strong>de</strong>z do lombo e duas to<strong>na</strong>lida<strong>de</strong>s no<br />

pernil


Usos da <strong>carne</strong> PSE<br />

- salame: 30% <strong>de</strong> <strong>carne</strong> bovi<strong>na</strong> e<br />

suÌ<strong>na</strong> normais e atÈ 70% <strong>de</strong> <strong>carne</strong><br />

PSE<br />

- presunto cru: ‡s vezes gera<br />

produto muito seco e s<strong>em</strong> aroma<br />

- Em produtos salgados: aumenta a<br />

absorÁ„o <strong>de</strong> sal pela estrutura mais<br />

aberta


Carne DFD (seca, firme e escura)<br />

Fatores <strong>de</strong> prÈ-abate que po<strong>de</strong>m gerar<br />

DFD:<br />

ï esgotamento do glicogÍnio antes do<br />

abate (jejum prolongado, agitaÁ„o, brigas,<br />

transporte prolongado)


Desenvolvimento da reaÁ„o bioquÌmica<br />

da DFD<br />

ï Peque<strong>na</strong> formaÁ„o ·cido l·ctico e peque<strong>na</strong><br />

queda <strong>de</strong> pH (pH fi<strong>na</strong>l <strong>em</strong> torno <strong>de</strong> 6,2 ñ6,4)<br />

ï Escurecimento da <strong>carne</strong> (O 2 n„o consegue<br />

penetrar pelo entumescimento da fibra,<br />

estrutura fechada)<br />

ï Textura firme: n„o ocorre <strong>de</strong>s<strong>na</strong>turaÁ„o<br />

protÈica (n„o atinge pH 5,5)<br />

ï TendÍncia ‡ r·pida <strong>de</strong>terioraÁ„o pela alta<br />

quantida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> ·gua e pH


Carne normal X Carne DFD


ï IncidÍncia: ocorre <strong>em</strong> <strong>carne</strong> bovi<strong>na</strong> e<br />

suÌ<strong>na</strong>.<br />

ï Em suÌnos: 40 minutos apÛs abate pH =<br />

ou maior que 6,4


Conseq¸Íncias econÙmicas<br />

- falta <strong>de</strong> sabor e aroma<br />

- vida <strong>de</strong> prateleira inferior a 2 dias a<br />

0C<br />

- baixa atrativida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>vido ‡ cor<br />

- menor capacida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> difus„o do<br />

sal <strong>na</strong> cura (estrutura fechada, n„o<br />

permite penetraÁ„o do sal)<br />

- menor maciez


USOS DA DFD<br />

Po<strong>de</strong> ser <strong>em</strong>pregada para a fabricaÁ„o<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>em</strong>butidos cozidos (alta capacida<strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong> retenÁ„o <strong>de</strong> ·gua, diminui perdas no<br />

cozimento)<br />

- salsicha: atÈ 60%<br />

- presunto cozido: atÈ 40%<br />

- n„o a<strong>de</strong>quada para: salame (<strong>de</strong>vido<br />

ao alto pH) e presunto cru (diminui a<br />

vida ˙til principalmente quando com<br />

osso


SoluÁıes para DFD<br />

ï ·cido l·ctico microencapsulado (esferas<br />

<strong>de</strong> material gorduroso)<br />

ï polifosfatos ·cidos<br />

ï gluco<strong>na</strong> <strong>de</strong>lta lacto<strong>na</strong> forma ·cido<br />

glucÙnico <strong>na</strong> presenÁa <strong>de</strong> ·gua, reduz<br />

t<strong>em</strong>po <strong>de</strong> estufa <strong>de</strong> produtos curados<br />

pois forma ·cido<br />

ï A <strong>carne</strong> DFD possui maior valor<br />

nutritivo <strong>em</strong> relaÁ„o ‡ <strong>carne</strong> PSE


ALTERA«’ES NA<br />

TRANSFORMA« O DE<br />

M⁄SCULO EM CARNE


CARNE PSE<br />

(P·lida, suave e exsudativa)<br />

ï Causada pelo ìstressî antes do abate e<br />

<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nte da suscetibilida<strong>de</strong> genÈtica<br />

ï (gene halotano - raÁas Pietran, Poland<br />

Chi<strong>na</strong> - raÁas suscetÌveis; raÁas<br />

resistentes ‡ PSE - Large White, Duroc;<br />

raÁa intermedi·ria - Landrace)


Fatores <strong>de</strong> prÈ-abate que po<strong>de</strong>m gerar<br />

PSE:<br />

- predisposiÁ„o genÈtica<br />

- alta <strong>de</strong>nsida<strong>de</strong> no transporte<br />

- mistura <strong>de</strong> lotes diferentes<br />

- rampa <strong>de</strong> recepÁ„o com incli<strong>na</strong>Á„o<br />

acima <strong>de</strong> 20<br />

- longo perÌodo <strong>de</strong> t<strong>em</strong>po entre<br />

insensibilizaÁ„o e sangria (secreÁ„o<br />

<strong>de</strong> catecolami<strong>na</strong>s, sÌndrome do<br />

medo)


Desenvolvimento da reaÁ„o bioquÌmica<br />

da PSE<br />

ï Consumo <strong>de</strong> glicogÍnio muscular,<br />

queda r·pida <strong>de</strong> pH, t<strong>em</strong>peratura do<br />

m˙sculo ainda alta Des<strong>na</strong>turaÁ„o<br />

protÈica<br />

ï Carne mostra-se p·lida <strong>de</strong>vido ‡<br />

exsudaÁ„o (·gua superficial)<br />

ï Perda da capacida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> retenÁ„o <strong>de</strong><br />

·gua pelas proteÌ<strong>na</strong>s (exsudaÁ„o)


IncidÍncia: ocorre principalmente <strong>em</strong><br />

<strong>carne</strong> suÌ<strong>na</strong> 40 minutos apÛs o abate<br />

<strong>carne</strong> com pH 5,8.<br />

ï IncidÍncia <strong>de</strong> 60%. Atualmente<br />

verificada <strong>em</strong> <strong>carne</strong> <strong>de</strong> frango.<br />

ï Teste para animais susceptÌveis:<br />

atmosfera <strong>de</strong> halotano, animais sensÌveis<br />

sofr<strong>em</strong> convuls„o (para reprodutores)


MediÁ„o da PSE:<br />

ï pH: no pernil ñ normal pH acima <strong>de</strong> 5,8 a 6,0<br />

apÛs 45 minutos da sangria/ pH menor que<br />

5,8 apÛs 45 minutos PSE<br />

ï cor: p·lida amarelada


Carne normal X Carne PSE


Conseq¸Íncias econÙmicas<br />

- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas <strong>na</strong> cura (5%)<br />

- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas durante cozimento (10 a<br />

20%)<br />

- aumento <strong>na</strong> proporÁ„o <strong>de</strong> gelati<strong>na</strong><br />

principalmente <strong>em</strong> produtos enlatados (8 a<br />

10%)<br />

- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas por exsudaÁ„o (6 a<br />

10%)<br />

- pali<strong>de</strong>z do lombo e duas to<strong>na</strong>lida<strong>de</strong>s no<br />

pernil


Usos da <strong>carne</strong> PSE<br />

- salame: 30% <strong>de</strong> <strong>carne</strong> bovi<strong>na</strong> e<br />

suÌ<strong>na</strong> normais e atÈ 70% <strong>de</strong> <strong>carne</strong><br />

PSE<br />

- presunto cru: ‡s vezes gera<br />

produto muito seco e s<strong>em</strong> aroma<br />

- Em produtos salgados: aumenta a<br />

absorÁ„o <strong>de</strong> sal pela estrutura mais<br />

aberta


Carne DFD (seca, firme e escura)<br />

Fatores <strong>de</strong> prÈ-abate que po<strong>de</strong>m gerar<br />

DFD:<br />

ï esgotamento do glicogÍnio antes do<br />

abate (jejum prolongado, agitaÁ„o, brigas,<br />

transporte prolongado)


Desenvolvimento da reaÁ„o bioquÌmica<br />

da DFD<br />

ï Peque<strong>na</strong> formaÁ„o ·cido l·ctico e peque<strong>na</strong><br />

queda <strong>de</strong> pH (pH fi<strong>na</strong>l <strong>em</strong> torno <strong>de</strong> 6,2 ñ6,4)<br />

ï Escurecimento da <strong>carne</strong> (O 2 n„o consegue<br />

penetrar pelo entumescimento da fibra,<br />

estrutura fechada)<br />

ï Textura firme: n„o ocorre <strong>de</strong>s<strong>na</strong>turaÁ„o<br />

protÈica (n„o atinge pH 5,5)<br />

ï TendÍncia ‡ r·pida <strong>de</strong>terioraÁ„o pela alta<br />

quantida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> ·gua e pH


Carne normal X Carne DFD


ï IncidÍncia: ocorre <strong>em</strong> <strong>carne</strong> bovi<strong>na</strong> e<br />

suÌ<strong>na</strong>.<br />

ï Em suÌnos: 40 minutos apÛs abate pH =<br />

ou maior que 6,4


Conseq¸Íncias econÙmicas<br />

- falta <strong>de</strong> sabor e aroma<br />

- vida <strong>de</strong> prateleira inferior a 2 dias a<br />

0C<br />

- baixa atrativida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>vido ‡ cor<br />

- menor capacida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> difus„o do<br />

sal <strong>na</strong> cura (estrutura fechada, n„o<br />

permite penetraÁ„o do sal)<br />

- menor maciez


USOS DA DFD<br />

Po<strong>de</strong> ser <strong>em</strong>pregada para a fabricaÁ„o<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>em</strong>butidos cozidos (alta capacida<strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong> retenÁ„o <strong>de</strong> ·gua, diminui perdas no<br />

cozimento)<br />

- salsicha: atÈ 60%<br />

- presunto cozido: atÈ 40%<br />

- n„o a<strong>de</strong>quada para: salame (<strong>de</strong>vido<br />

ao alto pH) e presunto cru (diminui a<br />

vida ˙til principalmente quando com<br />

osso


SoluÁıes para DFD<br />

ï ·cido l·ctico microencapsulado (esferas<br />

<strong>de</strong> material gorduroso)<br />

ï polifosfatos ·cidos<br />

ï gluco<strong>na</strong> <strong>de</strong>lta lacto<strong>na</strong> forma ·cido<br />

glucÙnico <strong>na</strong> presenÁa <strong>de</strong> ·gua, reduz<br />

t<strong>em</strong>po <strong>de</strong> estufa <strong>de</strong> produtos curados<br />

pois forma ·cido<br />

ï A <strong>carne</strong> DFD possui maior valor<br />

nutritivo <strong>em</strong> relaÁ„o ‡ <strong>carne</strong> PSE


ALTERA«’ES NA<br />

TRANSFORMA« O DE<br />

M⁄SCULO EM CARNE


CARNE PSE<br />

(P·lida, suave e exsudativa)<br />

ï Causada pelo ìstressî antes do abate e<br />

<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nte da suscetibilida<strong>de</strong> genÈtica<br />

ï (gene halotano - raÁas Pietran, Poland<br />

Chi<strong>na</strong> - raÁas suscetÌveis; raÁas<br />

resistentes ‡ PSE - Large White, Duroc;<br />

raÁa intermedi·ria - Landrace)


Fatores <strong>de</strong> prÈ-abate que po<strong>de</strong>m gerar<br />

PSE:<br />

- predisposiÁ„o genÈtica<br />

- alta <strong>de</strong>nsida<strong>de</strong> no transporte<br />

- mistura <strong>de</strong> lotes diferentes<br />

- rampa <strong>de</strong> recepÁ„o com incli<strong>na</strong>Á„o<br />

acima <strong>de</strong> 20<br />

- longo perÌodo <strong>de</strong> t<strong>em</strong>po entre<br />

insensibilizaÁ„o e sangria (secreÁ„o<br />

<strong>de</strong> catecolami<strong>na</strong>s, sÌndrome do<br />

medo)


Desenvolvimento da reaÁ„o bioquÌmica<br />

da PSE<br />

ï Consumo <strong>de</strong> glicogÍnio muscular,<br />

queda r·pida <strong>de</strong> pH, t<strong>em</strong>peratura do<br />

m˙sculo ainda alta Des<strong>na</strong>turaÁ„o<br />

protÈica<br />

ï Carne mostra-se p·lida <strong>de</strong>vido ‡<br />

exsudaÁ„o (·gua superficial)<br />

ï Perda da capacida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> retenÁ„o <strong>de</strong><br />

·gua pelas proteÌ<strong>na</strong>s (exsudaÁ„o)


IncidÍncia: ocorre principalmente <strong>em</strong><br />

<strong>carne</strong> suÌ<strong>na</strong> 40 minutos apÛs o abate<br />

<strong>carne</strong> com pH 5,8.<br />

ï IncidÍncia <strong>de</strong> 60%. Atualmente<br />

verificada <strong>em</strong> <strong>carne</strong> <strong>de</strong> frango.<br />

ï Teste para animais susceptÌveis:<br />

atmosfera <strong>de</strong> halotano, animais sensÌveis<br />

sofr<strong>em</strong> convuls„o (para reprodutores)


MediÁ„o da PSE:<br />

ï pH: no pernil ñ normal pH acima <strong>de</strong> 5,8 a 6,0<br />

apÛs 45 minutos da sangria/ pH menor que<br />

5,8 apÛs 45 minutos PSE<br />

ï cor: p·lida amarelada


Carne normal X Carne PSE


Conseq¸Íncias econÙmicas<br />

- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas <strong>na</strong> cura (5%)<br />

- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas durante cozimento (10 a<br />

20%)<br />

- aumento <strong>na</strong> proporÁ„o <strong>de</strong> gelati<strong>na</strong><br />

principalmente <strong>em</strong> produtos enlatados (8 a<br />

10%)<br />

- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas por exsudaÁ„o (6 a<br />

10%)<br />

- pali<strong>de</strong>z do lombo e duas to<strong>na</strong>lida<strong>de</strong>s no<br />

pernil


Usos da <strong>carne</strong> PSE<br />

- salame: 30% <strong>de</strong> <strong>carne</strong> bovi<strong>na</strong> e<br />

suÌ<strong>na</strong> normais e atÈ 70% <strong>de</strong> <strong>carne</strong><br />

PSE<br />

- presunto cru: ‡s vezes gera<br />

produto muito seco e s<strong>em</strong> aroma<br />

- Em produtos salgados: aumenta a<br />

absorÁ„o <strong>de</strong> sal pela estrutura mais<br />

aberta


Carne DFD (seca, firme e escura)<br />

Fatores <strong>de</strong> prÈ-abate que po<strong>de</strong>m gerar<br />

DFD:<br />

ï esgotamento do glicogÍnio antes do<br />

abate (jejum prolongado, agitaÁ„o, brigas,<br />

transporte prolongado)


Desenvolvimento da reaÁ„o bioquÌmica<br />

da DFD<br />

ï Peque<strong>na</strong> formaÁ„o ·cido l·ctico e peque<strong>na</strong><br />

queda <strong>de</strong> pH (pH fi<strong>na</strong>l <strong>em</strong> torno <strong>de</strong> 6,2 ñ6,4)<br />

ï Escurecimento da <strong>carne</strong> (O 2 n„o consegue<br />

penetrar pelo entumescimento da fibra,<br />

estrutura fechada)<br />

ï Textura firme: n„o ocorre <strong>de</strong>s<strong>na</strong>turaÁ„o<br />

protÈica (n„o atinge pH 5,5)<br />

ï TendÍncia ‡ r·pida <strong>de</strong>terioraÁ„o pela alta<br />

quantida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> ·gua e pH


Carne normal X Carne DFD


ï IncidÍncia: ocorre <strong>em</strong> <strong>carne</strong> bovi<strong>na</strong> e<br />

suÌ<strong>na</strong>.<br />

ï Em suÌnos: 40 minutos apÛs abate pH =<br />

ou maior que 6,4


Conseq¸Íncias econÙmicas<br />

- falta <strong>de</strong> sabor e aroma<br />

- vida <strong>de</strong> prateleira inferior a 2 dias a<br />

0C<br />

- baixa atrativida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>vido ‡ cor<br />

- menor capacida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> difus„o do<br />

sal <strong>na</strong> cura (estrutura fechada, n„o<br />

permite penetraÁ„o do sal)<br />

- menor maciez


USOS DA DFD<br />

Po<strong>de</strong> ser <strong>em</strong>pregada para a fabricaÁ„o<br />

<strong>de</strong> <strong>em</strong>butidos cozidos (alta capacida<strong>de</strong><br />

<strong>de</strong> retenÁ„o <strong>de</strong> ·gua, diminui perdas no<br />

cozimento)<br />

- salsicha: atÈ 60%<br />

- presunto cozido: atÈ 40%<br />

- n„o a<strong>de</strong>quada para: salame (<strong>de</strong>vido<br />

ao alto pH) e presunto cru (diminui a<br />

vida ˙til principalmente quando com<br />

osso


SoluÁıes para DFD<br />

ï ·cido l·ctico microencapsulado (esferas<br />

<strong>de</strong> material gorduroso)<br />

ï polifosfatos ·cidos<br />

ï gluco<strong>na</strong> <strong>de</strong>lta lacto<strong>na</strong> forma ·cido<br />

glucÙnico <strong>na</strong> presenÁa <strong>de</strong> ·gua, reduz<br />

t<strong>em</strong>po <strong>de</strong> estufa <strong>de</strong> produtos curados<br />

pois forma ·cido<br />

ï A <strong>carne</strong> DFD possui maior valor<br />

nutritivo <strong>em</strong> relaÁ„o ‡ <strong>carne</strong> PSE

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