alterações na transformação de músculo em carne - Campos e Carrer
alterações na transformação de músculo em carne - Campos e Carrer
alterações na transformação de músculo em carne - Campos e Carrer
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ALTERA«’ES NA<br />
TRANSFORMA« O DE<br />
M⁄SCULO EM CARNE<br />
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CARNE PSE<br />
(P·lida, suave e exsudativa)<br />
ï Causada pelo ìstressî antes do abate e<br />
<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nte da suscetibilida<strong>de</strong> genÈtica<br />
ï (gene halotano - raÁas Pietran, Poland<br />
Chi<strong>na</strong> - raÁas suscetÌveis; raÁas<br />
resistentes ‡ PSE - Large White, Duroc;<br />
raÁa intermedi·ria - Landrace)<br />
pdfMachine<br />
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
Fatores <strong>de</strong> prÈ-abate que po<strong>de</strong>m gerar<br />
PSE:<br />
- predisposiÁ„o genÈtica<br />
- alta <strong>de</strong>nsida<strong>de</strong> no transporte<br />
- mistura <strong>de</strong> lotes diferentes<br />
- rampa <strong>de</strong> recepÁ„o com incli<strong>na</strong>Á„o<br />
acima <strong>de</strong> 20<br />
- longo perÌodo <strong>de</strong> t<strong>em</strong>po entre<br />
insensibilizaÁ„o e sangria (secreÁ„o<br />
<strong>de</strong> catecolami<strong>na</strong>s, sÌndrome do<br />
medo)<br />
pdfMachine<br />
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
Desenvolvimento da reaÁ„o bioquÌmica<br />
da PSE<br />
ï Consumo <strong>de</strong> glicogÍnio muscular,<br />
queda r·pida <strong>de</strong> pH, t<strong>em</strong>peratura do<br />
m˙sculo ainda alta Des<strong>na</strong>turaÁ„o<br />
protÈica<br />
ï Carne mostra-se p·lida <strong>de</strong>vido ‡<br />
exsudaÁ„o (·gua superficial)<br />
ï Perda da capacida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> retenÁ„o <strong>de</strong><br />
·gua pelas proteÌ<strong>na</strong>s (exsudaÁ„o)<br />
pdfMachine<br />
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
IncidÍncia: ocorre principalmente <strong>em</strong><br />
<strong>carne</strong> suÌ<strong>na</strong> 40 minutos apÛs o abate<br />
<strong>carne</strong> com pH 5,8.<br />
ï IncidÍncia <strong>de</strong> 60%. Atualmente<br />
verificada <strong>em</strong> <strong>carne</strong> <strong>de</strong> frango.<br />
ï Teste para animais susceptÌveis:<br />
atmosfera <strong>de</strong> halotano, animais sensÌveis<br />
sofr<strong>em</strong> convuls„o (para reprodutores)<br />
pdfMachine<br />
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
MediÁ„o da PSE:<br />
ï pH: no pernil ñ normal pH acima <strong>de</strong> 5,8 a 6,0<br />
apÛs 45 minutos da sangria/ pH menor que<br />
5,8 apÛs 45 minutos PSE<br />
ï cor: p·lida amarelada<br />
pdfMachine<br />
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
Carne normal X Carne PSE<br />
pdfMachine<br />
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
Conseq¸Íncias econÙmicas<br />
- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas <strong>na</strong> cura (5%)<br />
- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas durante cozimento (10 a<br />
20%)<br />
- aumento <strong>na</strong> proporÁ„o <strong>de</strong> gelati<strong>na</strong><br />
principalmente <strong>em</strong> produtos enlatados (8 a<br />
10%)<br />
- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas por exsudaÁ„o (6 a<br />
10%)<br />
- pali<strong>de</strong>z do lombo e duas to<strong>na</strong>lida<strong>de</strong>s no<br />
pernil<br />
pdfMachine<br />
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
Usos da <strong>carne</strong> PSE<br />
- salame: 30% <strong>de</strong> <strong>carne</strong> bovi<strong>na</strong> e<br />
suÌ<strong>na</strong> normais e atÈ 70% <strong>de</strong> <strong>carne</strong><br />
PSE<br />
- presunto cru: ‡s vezes gera<br />
produto muito seco e s<strong>em</strong> aroma<br />
- Em produtos salgados: aumenta a<br />
absorÁ„o <strong>de</strong> sal pela estrutura mais<br />
aberta<br />
pdfMachine<br />
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
Carne DFD (seca, firme e escura)<br />
Fatores <strong>de</strong> prÈ-abate que po<strong>de</strong>m gerar<br />
DFD:<br />
ï esgotamento do glicogÍnio antes do<br />
abate (jejum prolongado, agitaÁ„o, brigas,<br />
transporte prolongado)<br />
pdfMachine<br />
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
Desenvolvimento da reaÁ„o bioquÌmica<br />
da DFD<br />
ï Peque<strong>na</strong> formaÁ„o ·cido l·ctico e peque<strong>na</strong><br />
queda <strong>de</strong> pH (pH fi<strong>na</strong>l <strong>em</strong> torno <strong>de</strong> 6,2 ñ6,4)<br />
ï Escurecimento da <strong>carne</strong> (O 2 n„o consegue<br />
penetrar pelo entumescimento da fibra,<br />
estrutura fechada)<br />
ï Textura firme: n„o ocorre <strong>de</strong>s<strong>na</strong>turaÁ„o<br />
protÈica (n„o atinge pH 5,5)<br />
ï TendÍncia ‡ r·pida <strong>de</strong>terioraÁ„o pela alta<br />
quantida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> ·gua e pH<br />
pdfMachine<br />
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
Carne normal X Carne DFD<br />
pdfMachine<br />
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
ï IncidÍncia: ocorre <strong>em</strong> <strong>carne</strong> bovi<strong>na</strong> e<br />
suÌ<strong>na</strong>.<br />
ï Em suÌnos: 40 minutos apÛs abate pH =<br />
ou maior que 6,4<br />
pdfMachine<br />
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
Conseq¸Íncias econÙmicas<br />
- falta <strong>de</strong> sabor e aroma<br />
- vida <strong>de</strong> prateleira inferior a 2 dias a<br />
0C<br />
- baixa atrativida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>vido ‡ cor<br />
- menor capacida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> difus„o do<br />
sal <strong>na</strong> cura (estrutura fechada, n„o<br />
permite penetraÁ„o do sal)<br />
- menor maciez<br />
pdfMachine<br />
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
USOS DA DFD<br />
Po<strong>de</strong> ser <strong>em</strong>pregada para a fabricaÁ„o<br />
<strong>de</strong> <strong>em</strong>butidos cozidos (alta capacida<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> retenÁ„o <strong>de</strong> ·gua, diminui perdas no<br />
cozimento)<br />
- salsicha: atÈ 60%<br />
- presunto cozido: atÈ 40%<br />
- n„o a<strong>de</strong>quada para: salame (<strong>de</strong>vido<br />
ao alto pH) e presunto cru (diminui a<br />
vida ˙til principalmente quando com<br />
osso<br />
pdfMachine<br />
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
SoluÁıes para DFD<br />
ï ·cido l·ctico microencapsulado (esferas<br />
<strong>de</strong> material gorduroso)<br />
ï polifosfatos ·cidos<br />
ï gluco<strong>na</strong> <strong>de</strong>lta lacto<strong>na</strong> forma ·cido<br />
glucÙnico <strong>na</strong> presenÁa <strong>de</strong> ·gua, reduz<br />
t<strong>em</strong>po <strong>de</strong> estufa <strong>de</strong> produtos curados<br />
pois forma ·cido<br />
ï A <strong>carne</strong> DFD possui maior valor<br />
nutritivo <strong>em</strong> relaÁ„o ‡ <strong>carne</strong> PSE<br />
pdfMachine<br />
A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!<br />
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your origi<strong>na</strong>l documents. Compatible across<br />
nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the<br />
“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!
ALTERA«’ES NA<br />
TRANSFORMA« O DE<br />
M⁄SCULO EM CARNE
CARNE PSE<br />
(P·lida, suave e exsudativa)<br />
ï Causada pelo ìstressî antes do abate e<br />
<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nte da suscetibilida<strong>de</strong> genÈtica<br />
ï (gene halotano - raÁas Pietran, Poland<br />
Chi<strong>na</strong> - raÁas suscetÌveis; raÁas<br />
resistentes ‡ PSE - Large White, Duroc;<br />
raÁa intermedi·ria - Landrace)
Fatores <strong>de</strong> prÈ-abate que po<strong>de</strong>m gerar<br />
PSE:<br />
- predisposiÁ„o genÈtica<br />
- alta <strong>de</strong>nsida<strong>de</strong> no transporte<br />
- mistura <strong>de</strong> lotes diferentes<br />
- rampa <strong>de</strong> recepÁ„o com incli<strong>na</strong>Á„o<br />
acima <strong>de</strong> 20<br />
- longo perÌodo <strong>de</strong> t<strong>em</strong>po entre<br />
insensibilizaÁ„o e sangria (secreÁ„o<br />
<strong>de</strong> catecolami<strong>na</strong>s, sÌndrome do<br />
medo)
Desenvolvimento da reaÁ„o bioquÌmica<br />
da PSE<br />
ï Consumo <strong>de</strong> glicogÍnio muscular,<br />
queda r·pida <strong>de</strong> pH, t<strong>em</strong>peratura do<br />
m˙sculo ainda alta Des<strong>na</strong>turaÁ„o<br />
protÈica<br />
ï Carne mostra-se p·lida <strong>de</strong>vido ‡<br />
exsudaÁ„o (·gua superficial)<br />
ï Perda da capacida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> retenÁ„o <strong>de</strong><br />
·gua pelas proteÌ<strong>na</strong>s (exsudaÁ„o)
IncidÍncia: ocorre principalmente <strong>em</strong><br />
<strong>carne</strong> suÌ<strong>na</strong> 40 minutos apÛs o abate<br />
<strong>carne</strong> com pH 5,8.<br />
ï IncidÍncia <strong>de</strong> 60%. Atualmente<br />
verificada <strong>em</strong> <strong>carne</strong> <strong>de</strong> frango.<br />
ï Teste para animais susceptÌveis:<br />
atmosfera <strong>de</strong> halotano, animais sensÌveis<br />
sofr<strong>em</strong> convuls„o (para reprodutores)
MediÁ„o da PSE:<br />
ï pH: no pernil ñ normal pH acima <strong>de</strong> 5,8 a 6,0<br />
apÛs 45 minutos da sangria/ pH menor que<br />
5,8 apÛs 45 minutos PSE<br />
ï cor: p·lida amarelada
Carne normal X Carne PSE
Conseq¸Íncias econÙmicas<br />
- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas <strong>na</strong> cura (5%)<br />
- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas durante cozimento (10 a<br />
20%)<br />
- aumento <strong>na</strong> proporÁ„o <strong>de</strong> gelati<strong>na</strong><br />
principalmente <strong>em</strong> produtos enlatados (8 a<br />
10%)<br />
- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas por exsudaÁ„o (6 a<br />
10%)<br />
- pali<strong>de</strong>z do lombo e duas to<strong>na</strong>lida<strong>de</strong>s no<br />
pernil
Usos da <strong>carne</strong> PSE<br />
- salame: 30% <strong>de</strong> <strong>carne</strong> bovi<strong>na</strong> e<br />
suÌ<strong>na</strong> normais e atÈ 70% <strong>de</strong> <strong>carne</strong><br />
PSE<br />
- presunto cru: ‡s vezes gera<br />
produto muito seco e s<strong>em</strong> aroma<br />
- Em produtos salgados: aumenta a<br />
absorÁ„o <strong>de</strong> sal pela estrutura mais<br />
aberta
Carne DFD (seca, firme e escura)<br />
Fatores <strong>de</strong> prÈ-abate que po<strong>de</strong>m gerar<br />
DFD:<br />
ï esgotamento do glicogÍnio antes do<br />
abate (jejum prolongado, agitaÁ„o, brigas,<br />
transporte prolongado)
Desenvolvimento da reaÁ„o bioquÌmica<br />
da DFD<br />
ï Peque<strong>na</strong> formaÁ„o ·cido l·ctico e peque<strong>na</strong><br />
queda <strong>de</strong> pH (pH fi<strong>na</strong>l <strong>em</strong> torno <strong>de</strong> 6,2 ñ6,4)<br />
ï Escurecimento da <strong>carne</strong> (O 2 n„o consegue<br />
penetrar pelo entumescimento da fibra,<br />
estrutura fechada)<br />
ï Textura firme: n„o ocorre <strong>de</strong>s<strong>na</strong>turaÁ„o<br />
protÈica (n„o atinge pH 5,5)<br />
ï TendÍncia ‡ r·pida <strong>de</strong>terioraÁ„o pela alta<br />
quantida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> ·gua e pH
Carne normal X Carne DFD
ï IncidÍncia: ocorre <strong>em</strong> <strong>carne</strong> bovi<strong>na</strong> e<br />
suÌ<strong>na</strong>.<br />
ï Em suÌnos: 40 minutos apÛs abate pH =<br />
ou maior que 6,4
Conseq¸Íncias econÙmicas<br />
- falta <strong>de</strong> sabor e aroma<br />
- vida <strong>de</strong> prateleira inferior a 2 dias a<br />
0C<br />
- baixa atrativida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>vido ‡ cor<br />
- menor capacida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> difus„o do<br />
sal <strong>na</strong> cura (estrutura fechada, n„o<br />
permite penetraÁ„o do sal)<br />
- menor maciez
USOS DA DFD<br />
Po<strong>de</strong> ser <strong>em</strong>pregada para a fabricaÁ„o<br />
<strong>de</strong> <strong>em</strong>butidos cozidos (alta capacida<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> retenÁ„o <strong>de</strong> ·gua, diminui perdas no<br />
cozimento)<br />
- salsicha: atÈ 60%<br />
- presunto cozido: atÈ 40%<br />
- n„o a<strong>de</strong>quada para: salame (<strong>de</strong>vido<br />
ao alto pH) e presunto cru (diminui a<br />
vida ˙til principalmente quando com<br />
osso
SoluÁıes para DFD<br />
ï ·cido l·ctico microencapsulado (esferas<br />
<strong>de</strong> material gorduroso)<br />
ï polifosfatos ·cidos<br />
ï gluco<strong>na</strong> <strong>de</strong>lta lacto<strong>na</strong> forma ·cido<br />
glucÙnico <strong>na</strong> presenÁa <strong>de</strong> ·gua, reduz<br />
t<strong>em</strong>po <strong>de</strong> estufa <strong>de</strong> produtos curados<br />
pois forma ·cido<br />
ï A <strong>carne</strong> DFD possui maior valor<br />
nutritivo <strong>em</strong> relaÁ„o ‡ <strong>carne</strong> PSE
ALTERA«’ES NA<br />
TRANSFORMA« O DE<br />
M⁄SCULO EM CARNE
CARNE PSE<br />
(P·lida, suave e exsudativa)<br />
ï Causada pelo ìstressî antes do abate e<br />
<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nte da suscetibilida<strong>de</strong> genÈtica<br />
ï (gene halotano - raÁas Pietran, Poland<br />
Chi<strong>na</strong> - raÁas suscetÌveis; raÁas<br />
resistentes ‡ PSE - Large White, Duroc;<br />
raÁa intermedi·ria - Landrace)
Fatores <strong>de</strong> prÈ-abate que po<strong>de</strong>m gerar<br />
PSE:<br />
- predisposiÁ„o genÈtica<br />
- alta <strong>de</strong>nsida<strong>de</strong> no transporte<br />
- mistura <strong>de</strong> lotes diferentes<br />
- rampa <strong>de</strong> recepÁ„o com incli<strong>na</strong>Á„o<br />
acima <strong>de</strong> 20<br />
- longo perÌodo <strong>de</strong> t<strong>em</strong>po entre<br />
insensibilizaÁ„o e sangria (secreÁ„o<br />
<strong>de</strong> catecolami<strong>na</strong>s, sÌndrome do<br />
medo)
Desenvolvimento da reaÁ„o bioquÌmica<br />
da PSE<br />
ï Consumo <strong>de</strong> glicogÍnio muscular,<br />
queda r·pida <strong>de</strong> pH, t<strong>em</strong>peratura do<br />
m˙sculo ainda alta Des<strong>na</strong>turaÁ„o<br />
protÈica<br />
ï Carne mostra-se p·lida <strong>de</strong>vido ‡<br />
exsudaÁ„o (·gua superficial)<br />
ï Perda da capacida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> retenÁ„o <strong>de</strong><br />
·gua pelas proteÌ<strong>na</strong>s (exsudaÁ„o)
IncidÍncia: ocorre principalmente <strong>em</strong><br />
<strong>carne</strong> suÌ<strong>na</strong> 40 minutos apÛs o abate<br />
<strong>carne</strong> com pH 5,8.<br />
ï IncidÍncia <strong>de</strong> 60%. Atualmente<br />
verificada <strong>em</strong> <strong>carne</strong> <strong>de</strong> frango.<br />
ï Teste para animais susceptÌveis:<br />
atmosfera <strong>de</strong> halotano, animais sensÌveis<br />
sofr<strong>em</strong> convuls„o (para reprodutores)
MediÁ„o da PSE:<br />
ï pH: no pernil ñ normal pH acima <strong>de</strong> 5,8 a 6,0<br />
apÛs 45 minutos da sangria/ pH menor que<br />
5,8 apÛs 45 minutos PSE<br />
ï cor: p·lida amarelada
Carne normal X Carne PSE
Conseq¸Íncias econÙmicas<br />
- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas <strong>na</strong> cura (5%)<br />
- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas durante cozimento (10 a<br />
20%)<br />
- aumento <strong>na</strong> proporÁ„o <strong>de</strong> gelati<strong>na</strong><br />
principalmente <strong>em</strong> produtos enlatados (8 a<br />
10%)<br />
- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas por exsudaÁ„o (6 a<br />
10%)<br />
- pali<strong>de</strong>z do lombo e duas to<strong>na</strong>lida<strong>de</strong>s no<br />
pernil
Usos da <strong>carne</strong> PSE<br />
- salame: 30% <strong>de</strong> <strong>carne</strong> bovi<strong>na</strong> e<br />
suÌ<strong>na</strong> normais e atÈ 70% <strong>de</strong> <strong>carne</strong><br />
PSE<br />
- presunto cru: ‡s vezes gera<br />
produto muito seco e s<strong>em</strong> aroma<br />
- Em produtos salgados: aumenta a<br />
absorÁ„o <strong>de</strong> sal pela estrutura mais<br />
aberta
Carne DFD (seca, firme e escura)<br />
Fatores <strong>de</strong> prÈ-abate que po<strong>de</strong>m gerar<br />
DFD:<br />
ï esgotamento do glicogÍnio antes do<br />
abate (jejum prolongado, agitaÁ„o, brigas,<br />
transporte prolongado)
Desenvolvimento da reaÁ„o bioquÌmica<br />
da DFD<br />
ï Peque<strong>na</strong> formaÁ„o ·cido l·ctico e peque<strong>na</strong><br />
queda <strong>de</strong> pH (pH fi<strong>na</strong>l <strong>em</strong> torno <strong>de</strong> 6,2 ñ6,4)<br />
ï Escurecimento da <strong>carne</strong> (O 2 n„o consegue<br />
penetrar pelo entumescimento da fibra,<br />
estrutura fechada)<br />
ï Textura firme: n„o ocorre <strong>de</strong>s<strong>na</strong>turaÁ„o<br />
protÈica (n„o atinge pH 5,5)<br />
ï TendÍncia ‡ r·pida <strong>de</strong>terioraÁ„o pela alta<br />
quantida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> ·gua e pH
Carne normal X Carne DFD
ï IncidÍncia: ocorre <strong>em</strong> <strong>carne</strong> bovi<strong>na</strong> e<br />
suÌ<strong>na</strong>.<br />
ï Em suÌnos: 40 minutos apÛs abate pH =<br />
ou maior que 6,4
Conseq¸Íncias econÙmicas<br />
- falta <strong>de</strong> sabor e aroma<br />
- vida <strong>de</strong> prateleira inferior a 2 dias a<br />
0C<br />
- baixa atrativida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>vido ‡ cor<br />
- menor capacida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> difus„o do<br />
sal <strong>na</strong> cura (estrutura fechada, n„o<br />
permite penetraÁ„o do sal)<br />
- menor maciez
USOS DA DFD<br />
Po<strong>de</strong> ser <strong>em</strong>pregada para a fabricaÁ„o<br />
<strong>de</strong> <strong>em</strong>butidos cozidos (alta capacida<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> retenÁ„o <strong>de</strong> ·gua, diminui perdas no<br />
cozimento)<br />
- salsicha: atÈ 60%<br />
- presunto cozido: atÈ 40%<br />
- n„o a<strong>de</strong>quada para: salame (<strong>de</strong>vido<br />
ao alto pH) e presunto cru (diminui a<br />
vida ˙til principalmente quando com<br />
osso
SoluÁıes para DFD<br />
ï ·cido l·ctico microencapsulado (esferas<br />
<strong>de</strong> material gorduroso)<br />
ï polifosfatos ·cidos<br />
ï gluco<strong>na</strong> <strong>de</strong>lta lacto<strong>na</strong> forma ·cido<br />
glucÙnico <strong>na</strong> presenÁa <strong>de</strong> ·gua, reduz<br />
t<strong>em</strong>po <strong>de</strong> estufa <strong>de</strong> produtos curados<br />
pois forma ·cido<br />
ï A <strong>carne</strong> DFD possui maior valor<br />
nutritivo <strong>em</strong> relaÁ„o ‡ <strong>carne</strong> PSE
ALTERA«’ES NA<br />
TRANSFORMA« O DE<br />
M⁄SCULO EM CARNE
CARNE PSE<br />
(P·lida, suave e exsudativa)<br />
ï Causada pelo ìstressî antes do abate e<br />
<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nte da suscetibilida<strong>de</strong> genÈtica<br />
ï (gene halotano - raÁas Pietran, Poland<br />
Chi<strong>na</strong> - raÁas suscetÌveis; raÁas<br />
resistentes ‡ PSE - Large White, Duroc;<br />
raÁa intermedi·ria - Landrace)
Fatores <strong>de</strong> prÈ-abate que po<strong>de</strong>m gerar<br />
PSE:<br />
- predisposiÁ„o genÈtica<br />
- alta <strong>de</strong>nsida<strong>de</strong> no transporte<br />
- mistura <strong>de</strong> lotes diferentes<br />
- rampa <strong>de</strong> recepÁ„o com incli<strong>na</strong>Á„o<br />
acima <strong>de</strong> 20<br />
- longo perÌodo <strong>de</strong> t<strong>em</strong>po entre<br />
insensibilizaÁ„o e sangria (secreÁ„o<br />
<strong>de</strong> catecolami<strong>na</strong>s, sÌndrome do<br />
medo)
Desenvolvimento da reaÁ„o bioquÌmica<br />
da PSE<br />
ï Consumo <strong>de</strong> glicogÍnio muscular,<br />
queda r·pida <strong>de</strong> pH, t<strong>em</strong>peratura do<br />
m˙sculo ainda alta Des<strong>na</strong>turaÁ„o<br />
protÈica<br />
ï Carne mostra-se p·lida <strong>de</strong>vido ‡<br />
exsudaÁ„o (·gua superficial)<br />
ï Perda da capacida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> retenÁ„o <strong>de</strong><br />
·gua pelas proteÌ<strong>na</strong>s (exsudaÁ„o)
IncidÍncia: ocorre principalmente <strong>em</strong><br />
<strong>carne</strong> suÌ<strong>na</strong> 40 minutos apÛs o abate<br />
<strong>carne</strong> com pH 5,8.<br />
ï IncidÍncia <strong>de</strong> 60%. Atualmente<br />
verificada <strong>em</strong> <strong>carne</strong> <strong>de</strong> frango.<br />
ï Teste para animais susceptÌveis:<br />
atmosfera <strong>de</strong> halotano, animais sensÌveis<br />
sofr<strong>em</strong> convuls„o (para reprodutores)
MediÁ„o da PSE:<br />
ï pH: no pernil ñ normal pH acima <strong>de</strong> 5,8 a 6,0<br />
apÛs 45 minutos da sangria/ pH menor que<br />
5,8 apÛs 45 minutos PSE<br />
ï cor: p·lida amarelada
Carne normal X Carne PSE
Conseq¸Íncias econÙmicas<br />
- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas <strong>na</strong> cura (5%)<br />
- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas durante cozimento (10 a<br />
20%)<br />
- aumento <strong>na</strong> proporÁ„o <strong>de</strong> gelati<strong>na</strong><br />
principalmente <strong>em</strong> produtos enlatados (8 a<br />
10%)<br />
- aumento <strong>na</strong>s perdas por exsudaÁ„o (6 a<br />
10%)<br />
- pali<strong>de</strong>z do lombo e duas to<strong>na</strong>lida<strong>de</strong>s no<br />
pernil
Usos da <strong>carne</strong> PSE<br />
- salame: 30% <strong>de</strong> <strong>carne</strong> bovi<strong>na</strong> e<br />
suÌ<strong>na</strong> normais e atÈ 70% <strong>de</strong> <strong>carne</strong><br />
PSE<br />
- presunto cru: ‡s vezes gera<br />
produto muito seco e s<strong>em</strong> aroma<br />
- Em produtos salgados: aumenta a<br />
absorÁ„o <strong>de</strong> sal pela estrutura mais<br />
aberta
Carne DFD (seca, firme e escura)<br />
Fatores <strong>de</strong> prÈ-abate que po<strong>de</strong>m gerar<br />
DFD:<br />
ï esgotamento do glicogÍnio antes do<br />
abate (jejum prolongado, agitaÁ„o, brigas,<br />
transporte prolongado)
Desenvolvimento da reaÁ„o bioquÌmica<br />
da DFD<br />
ï Peque<strong>na</strong> formaÁ„o ·cido l·ctico e peque<strong>na</strong><br />
queda <strong>de</strong> pH (pH fi<strong>na</strong>l <strong>em</strong> torno <strong>de</strong> 6,2 ñ6,4)<br />
ï Escurecimento da <strong>carne</strong> (O 2 n„o consegue<br />
penetrar pelo entumescimento da fibra,<br />
estrutura fechada)<br />
ï Textura firme: n„o ocorre <strong>de</strong>s<strong>na</strong>turaÁ„o<br />
protÈica (n„o atinge pH 5,5)<br />
ï TendÍncia ‡ r·pida <strong>de</strong>terioraÁ„o pela alta<br />
quantida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> ·gua e pH
Carne normal X Carne DFD
ï IncidÍncia: ocorre <strong>em</strong> <strong>carne</strong> bovi<strong>na</strong> e<br />
suÌ<strong>na</strong>.<br />
ï Em suÌnos: 40 minutos apÛs abate pH =<br />
ou maior que 6,4
Conseq¸Íncias econÙmicas<br />
- falta <strong>de</strong> sabor e aroma<br />
- vida <strong>de</strong> prateleira inferior a 2 dias a<br />
0C<br />
- baixa atrativida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>vido ‡ cor<br />
- menor capacida<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> difus„o do<br />
sal <strong>na</strong> cura (estrutura fechada, n„o<br />
permite penetraÁ„o do sal)<br />
- menor maciez
USOS DA DFD<br />
Po<strong>de</strong> ser <strong>em</strong>pregada para a fabricaÁ„o<br />
<strong>de</strong> <strong>em</strong>butidos cozidos (alta capacida<strong>de</strong><br />
<strong>de</strong> retenÁ„o <strong>de</strong> ·gua, diminui perdas no<br />
cozimento)<br />
- salsicha: atÈ 60%<br />
- presunto cozido: atÈ 40%<br />
- n„o a<strong>de</strong>quada para: salame (<strong>de</strong>vido<br />
ao alto pH) e presunto cru (diminui a<br />
vida ˙til principalmente quando com<br />
osso
SoluÁıes para DFD<br />
ï ·cido l·ctico microencapsulado (esferas<br />
<strong>de</strong> material gorduroso)<br />
ï polifosfatos ·cidos<br />
ï gluco<strong>na</strong> <strong>de</strong>lta lacto<strong>na</strong> forma ·cido<br />
glucÙnico <strong>na</strong> presenÁa <strong>de</strong> ·gua, reduz<br />
t<strong>em</strong>po <strong>de</strong> estufa <strong>de</strong> produtos curados<br />
pois forma ·cido<br />
ï A <strong>carne</strong> DFD possui maior valor<br />
nutritivo <strong>em</strong> relaÁ„o ‡ <strong>carne</strong> PSE