simuladao-enem-provas-gabaritos - 2008

Unlucky strikes
Apr 3rd 2008
From The Economist print edition
Banning smoking in public places is supposed to
save lives. It encourages people to smoke less, so
they do themselves and those around them less
harm. That, at least, is the theory. Whether it works
may depend on how uniform anti-smoking
legislation is.
Although many countries have introduced national
bans, America has taken a piecemeal approach. A
number of states, counties and municipalities have
introduced various types of bans, and have enforced
them with varying degrees of rigor.
The problem with this, say Scott Adams and Chad
Cotti, economists at the University of
Wisconsin-Milwaukee, is that smoking bans seem to
have been followed by an increase in drunk-driving
and in fatal accidents involving alcohol. In research
published in the Journal of Public Economics, the
authors find evidence that smokers are driving
farther to places where smoking in bars is allowed.
The researchers analysed data from 120 American
counties, 20 of which had banned smoking. They
found a smoking ban increased fatal alcohol-related
car accidents by 13% in a typical county containing
680,000 people. (…) Furthermore, drunk-driving
smokers have not changed their ways over time. In
areas where the ban has been in place for longer
than 18 months, the increased accident rate is 19%.
(…) The findings are consistent with the suggestion
that smokers are driving farther to look for
alternative places to drink – probably places which
are not enforcing the smoking ban.
Another explanation is that some smokers are
traveling to states where they may puff. Accidents
in roads in Pennsylvania increased by 26% after the
next-door state of Delaware introduced a smoking
ban in 2002. How this weighs up against the
long-term health effects of smoking bans is unclear.
But it serves as a warning to well-meaning
legislators.
33. The "unlucky strikes" the text refers to are:
a. o número de americanos que viajam para fumar
em lugares onde ainda isso é permitido.
b. a correlação entre fumar ao dirigir e a
probabilidade de acidentes graves.
c. o número de acidentes fatais nas estradas do
estado da Pensilvânia, em pelo menos 120
diferentes localidades.
d. a decisão de alguns estados americanos de
proibir motoristas de beber ao longo das
estradas, com diferentes graus de punição.
e. o aumento significativo de acidentes de carro em
estradas americanas após a entrada em vigor de
legislação restritiva ao cigarro.
34. O que é sugerido por "piecemeal approach":
a. um momento de encontro e relaxamento.
b. um processo lento sem muito planejamento ou
sistematização.
c. uma abordagem que revela preocupação com o
bem-estar do cidadão.
d. uma aguardada e agradável decisão.
e. o cumprimento da lei depende da consciência de
cada pessoa e não da sua uniformidade.
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