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perfect as, or slightly more perfect than, the other inhabitants of the same country with<br />

which it has to struggle for existance. [...] Natural selection will not produce absolute<br />

perfection [...]" (DARWIN, 1859, p. 201-2, citado por ARCHIBALD, i<strong>de</strong>m). Por ex<strong>em</strong>plo,<br />

não se po<strong>de</strong> afirmar que o time vencedor do campeonato capixaba <strong>de</strong> futebol <strong>de</strong>ste ano<br />

possa vencer o vice-campeão carioca, ou mesmo que, mantendo o plantel, possa repetir o<br />

feito no ano seguinte. 53 HODGSON (1993a, p. 226) resume o argumento da seguinte<br />

forma: "Even if the 'selected' firms, routines or institutions were the 'fittest' then they<br />

would be so in regard to a particular, economic, political, and cultural environment only;<br />

they would not be the 'fittest' for all circumstances and times." Tal afirmação parece apenas<br />

corroborar as palavras <strong>de</strong> Simon citadas por Williamson. Mas HODGSON (i<strong>de</strong>m, p. 238,<br />

nr. 5) insiste no probl<strong>em</strong>a <strong>de</strong>ntro da TCT:<br />

In response to criticism, Williamson brushes asi<strong>de</strong> the charges of Panglossian<br />

excess raised by Mark Granovetter (1995) among others. While he does not hold to<br />

the stronger proposition 'that all is for the best in this best of possible worlds'<br />

(Williamson 1988:178), Williamson still holds to the view that competition<br />

performs some kind of sort and shifts resources in favour of the more efficient<br />

forms of organization. This article of faith is juxtaposed with an observation that a<br />

'more fully <strong>de</strong>veloped theory of the selection process' (ibid., p. 174) is lacking.<br />

However, mo<strong>de</strong>rn and <strong>de</strong>veloped evolutionary theory in biology does not give<br />

universal or unqualified support for the kind of proposition Williamson whishes to<br />

entertain.<br />

No entanto, mesmo para CHEUNG (1987c, p. 57), a sobrevivência <strong>de</strong> organizações<br />

ineficientes é possível <strong>em</strong> função da existência <strong>de</strong> custos <strong>de</strong> transação para a mudança <strong>de</strong><br />

seu arranjo, envolvendo os custos <strong>de</strong> obter informações sobre o funcionamento <strong>de</strong><br />

organizações alternativas e também os <strong>de</strong> usar o po<strong>de</strong>r persuasivo ou coercitivo para<br />

alterar as posições <strong>de</strong> grupos cujas rendas po<strong>de</strong>m ser adversamente afetadas pela mudança.<br />

Isso, entretanto, po<strong>de</strong> ser usado <strong>em</strong> auxílio à idéia <strong>de</strong> Williamson, servindo como<br />

justificativa do médio prazo necessário ao ciclo <strong>de</strong> seleção através da r<strong>em</strong>ediabilida<strong>de</strong> <strong>em</strong><br />

processos <strong>de</strong>cisórios adaptativos às mudanças ambientais. Dá pouca marg<strong>em</strong>, porém, para<br />

latter, not before such appearance." Nesse caso, a análise <strong>de</strong> Williamson po<strong>de</strong> ser interpretada, na<br />

verda<strong>de</strong>, como lamarckiana (p. 259).<br />

53 A ilustração <strong>de</strong>ve méritos ao Professor Ramón Fernán<strong>de</strong>z, a qu<strong>em</strong> agra<strong>de</strong>ço e peço<br />

<strong>de</strong>sculpas pela liberda<strong>de</strong> <strong>em</strong> adaptá-la regionalmente.<br />

31

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