Conclusões e Perspectivas Tendo presente a i<strong>de</strong>ia <strong>da</strong> prevenção e redução <strong>da</strong> progressão <strong>da</strong> doença, os resultados obtidos são promissores mas carecem <strong>de</strong> ensaios futuros <strong>de</strong> forma a viabilizar a eleição <strong>da</strong> mo<strong>da</strong>li<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> tratamento que revele melhor potencial nas condições <strong>de</strong> ensaio. 48
6. REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS Referências Bibliográficas Aboim-Inglez, M., Amaro, P. & Freitas, J., 2004. Esca: In Manual Técnico <strong>de</strong> Protecção Integra<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong> Vinha na Região Norte. P. Amaro (ed.). Ministério <strong>da</strong> Agricultura e Desenvolvimento Rural e Pescas. 2ª ed., 84-87. Abou-Mansour, E., Couché, E., Tabacchi, R., 2004. Do fungal naphthalenones have a role in the <strong>de</strong>velopment of esca symptoms. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 43, 75-82. A<strong>da</strong>lat, K., Whiting, C., Rooney, S., Gubbler, W.D., 2000. Pathogenicity of three species of Phaeoacremonium spp. on grapevine in California. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 39, 92-99. Aït Barka, E., Eullaffroy, P., Clément, C., Vernet, G, 2004. Chitosan improves <strong>de</strong>velopment, and protects Vitis vinifera L: against Botrytis cinerea. Plant Cell Reports 22, 608-614. Alfredsen, G., Eikens, M., Militz, H., Solheim, H., 2004. Screening of chitosan against wood- <strong>de</strong>teriorating fungi. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 19 (Suppl.5), 4-13. Bautista-Baños, S., Hernán<strong>de</strong>z-López, M., Bosquez-Molina, E., Wilson, C.L., 2003. Effects of chitosan and plant extracts on growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioi<strong>de</strong>s, anthracnose levels and quality of papaya fruit. Crop Protection 22, 1087-1092. Bell, A., Hubbard, J.C., Liu, L., 1998. Effects of chitin and chitosan on the inci<strong>de</strong>nce and severity of Fusarium yellows of celery. Plant Disease 82, 322-328. Bertelli, E., Mugnai, L., Surico, G., 1998. Presence of Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum in apparently healthy rooted grapevines cuttings. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 37, 79-82. Bisiach, M., Minervini, G., Di Marco, S., 1996. Attualitá nella difesa contro il mal <strong>de</strong>ll’esca <strong>de</strong>lla vite. In Convegno nazionale “Arsenico, Sí-No”, 14 dicembre 1995, Codroipo, Udine, Forum fitoiatrici Ersa, Udine, Italy, 123-135 (in Di Marco et al., 2000). Bruno, G., Muzzarelli, R.A.A., Muzzarelli, C., Sparapano, L., 2001. Biological activity of chitosan and its <strong>de</strong>rivatives on plant pathogenic or antagonistic fungi and on host plants. In: Proceedings of the 11 th Congress of the Mediterranean Phytopathological Union and 3 rd Congress of the Socie<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> Portuguesa <strong>de</strong> Fitopatologia, 17-20 September 2001, University of Évora, Portugal, 104-106. Bruno, G. and Sparapano, L., 2006. Effects on three esca-associated fungi on Vitis vinifera L.: III. Enzymes produced by the patogens and their role in fungus-to-plant or in fungus-to- fungus interactions. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 69, 182-194. Bruno, G., Sparapano, L., Graniti, A., 2007. Effects of three esca-associated fungi on Vitis vinifera L.: IV. Diffusion through the xylem of metabolites produced by two tracheiphilous 49