identificação e manejo de nematóides da bananeira - Universidade ...

ABSTRACT
Banana is the main fruit produced in the world. In Brazil, is the second fruit more
produced, after oranges. In the same way, after oranges, is the most produced fruit in
the Paraná State. In the world, nematodes of the genus Radopholus, Helicotylenchus,
Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne are among the mainly pests that attack banana trees,
causing average losses of 19,7%. In Brazil those genera also occur, causing losses to
banana production until 100%. In the other hand, reserches have been produced many
information to manage nematodes. In the Paraná State, near 10 thousand ha are grown
with bananas from which 5,6 thousand are grown in municipalities of the coastal
region. In this region, there is a lack of information about plant parasitic nematodes
related to bananas and dated from the 80’s, when nematodes belonged to the genera
Helicotylenchus and Meloidogyne were identified. However, there is a suspect that
other nematodes are already present, because nematode prevention practices are not
adopted. This present study had the objective to produce information about the
occurrence of nematodes associated to bananas (Musa spp.) and about the manage
practices used by the producers, in five municipalities of the coastal region of the
State. During smptember/2005 and april of 2006, 114 samples of soil and banana roots
were processed and 48 producers were interviewed. Samples analysis reveled the
presence of 13 genera of nematodes. Helicotylenchus, Radopholus, Meloidogyne,
Pratylenchus, Tylenchus, Mesocriconema and Discocriconemella were present in soil
and roots samples. Rotylenchulus, Xiphinema, Aphelenchus, Trichodorus,
Hemicycliophora and Scutellonema were present only in soli samples.
Helicotylenchus, Radopholus and Meloidogyne were detected in all municipalities at
the following absolute frequencies in the roots: 93%, 68%, 59%, respectively.
Pratylenchus was more concentrate, at 37% of samples, and was not present in São
José dos Pinhais, although had been the most frequent nematode in Guaratuba (78%).
Radopholus similis show highest average densities and (5.480 nematodes/100 g)
maximum (139.000/100 g); followed by Helicotylenchus (4.530/100 g e 40.080/100
g), Pratylenchus (2.860/100 g e 57.600/100g) and Meloidogyne (710/100 g e
6.520/100 g). Thirty six per cent of samples showed total nematode densities above of
10.000 nematodes/100 g of roots, considered how the critical level in other countries.
In general, farmers don’t adopt practices to prevention and control nematodes and this
was the fisrt time that nematological analysis were processed. The produced
information is fundamental to stimulate nematode manage in the reaactions towards to
manage nematodes in the region.
Key-words: Banana; Musa spp.; Nematodes; Helicotylenchus; Meloidogyne;
Radopholus; Pratylenchus; survey.
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