produção de biodiesel a partir de óleo residual reciclado e ...
produção de biodiesel a partir de óleo residual reciclado e ...
produção de biodiesel a partir de óleo residual reciclado e ...
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ABSTRACT<br />
This study analyzes the technical production of <strong>biodiesel</strong> from waste oil recycling,<br />
aimed at diversifying the Brazilian energy matrix and minimizing the environmental impacts<br />
of ina<strong>de</strong>quate disposal of waste oils. Before the production of <strong>biodiesel</strong> it is necessary to<br />
perform a previous treatment of this oil, which involves processes of filtration, drying and<br />
<strong>de</strong>termination of acidity, followed by neutralization, because according to the percentage of<br />
free fatty acids present in the raw material is that the methods for obtaining the esters are<br />
<strong>de</strong>fined. Firstly, laboratory tests were performed on a small scale <strong>biodiesel</strong> production using<br />
raw materials like soybean oil and recycle waste soybean oil for comparison, having been<br />
used sodium hydroxi<strong>de</strong> as catalyst and tested methyl and ethyl routes, being no obtained<br />
satisfactory results in this last case. Then, the production was expan<strong>de</strong>d to a semi-pilot scale,<br />
using a reactor that can produces between 75 and 80 liters of <strong>biodiesel</strong> per batch, being in<br />
which case only used recycle waste oil and the transesterification process using methanol<br />
route, with sodium hydroxi<strong>de</strong> as catalyst. After that, a basic characterization of <strong>biodiesel</strong> had<br />
been done, using equipment available, and were conducted comparative tests with other types<br />
of <strong>biodiesel</strong> (commercial, vegetable and animal) and fractions of blends (B25, B50, B75 and<br />
B100), with commercial <strong>biodiesel</strong> like base of comparison (B5). Finally, tests were performed<br />
with these fuels in a 6 kVA diesel generator set, varying a resistive load from 0 to 3 kW and<br />
<strong>de</strong>termining the specific consumption and temperature of the exhaust gases. Analyzing the<br />
results, it was verified that the physical and chemical properties measured are within<br />
acceptable limits, with <strong>de</strong>nsity between 0,871 and 0,910 g/ml, viscosity between 3,9 and<br />
6,1 cSt and flash point between 51 and 183°C, except that the pH was a out of <strong>de</strong>sirable<br />
range, being few acid. It was noteworthy that the values of these properties are directly<br />
proportional to the amount of B100 ad<strong>de</strong>d to B5 for the constitution of mixtures and, for the<br />
same mixing ratio, viscosity of <strong>biodiesel</strong> by waste was greater than oil by animal source,<br />
which in turn it has more viscosity than <strong>biodiesel</strong> by vegetable oil source. As expected, tests<br />
in the generator set showed that both the specific fuel consumption as the temperature of<br />
exhaust gases increased with increasing resistive load. However, there were no significant<br />
variations of these parameters for the same load, regardless of fuel used. Un<strong>de</strong>r the economic<br />
and ecological aspects, it is believed that the recycled <strong>residual</strong> oil becomes promising source<br />
for electricity generation.<br />
Keywords: Biodiesel. Transesterification. Waste cooking oil. Methanol. Ethanol.<br />
Acid catalyst. Basic catalyst. Motogenerator.