Guia de Estudos - Faap

4. Deal comprehensively with the debt problems
of the developing countries though national
and international measures to make debt sustainable
in the long term.
5. In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies,
provide access to affordable, essential drugs in
developing countries.
6. In cooperation with the private sector, make
available benefits of new technologies, especially information
and communication (ICTs).
All this targets show the urgency to strengthen
global partnership among actors of international relations
to achieve the other goals, and this it is only possible
when all the countries are willing to improve the
current public polices and the most difficult, regulating
and defining responsibilities of each country according
to their financial and development capacity.
Always good to keep in mind that, according to
Weiss and Gordenker, the role of non-state actors –
firms, business associations, NGOs, social movements
– in the international scene is certainly the consequence
of the impetus of NGO networks for democratizing
global policy-making.
HISTORy OF THE PROBLEM
International cooperation has always been present
among international relations issues. Meanly after
1944 when the Bretton Woods Conference was held,
after the end of the second world, with the purpose
of bringing up efforts to rebuild the destroyed countries.
The raise of aid, which came from many different
countries as an expected result for Bretton Woods
conference, was the first evidence of the birth of international
cooperation in the 21st century.
The demand for settling international financial institutions,
a task that would be to control and maintain
of the international market and commerce, came
from the necessity and call for help in the reconstruction
of the damaged countries in the Second World
War. Through these institutions, as the International
Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD),
for example, and its programs, their manner of assis-
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VII Fórum FAAP de Discussão Estudantil - 2011
tance would be given and the aids would be distributed
throughout the countries could be decided in common
sense among members. In this scenery, the United Nations
(UN) was created in 1948 to organize the efforts and
to gather the international community around the issue of
international security, pursing peace in the world. Chasing
the goal of consolidating global governance in the world,
during General Assembly meetings and as there was the
need for big efforts towards reconstruction and development,
international cooperation was the best tool for this
task and so Member States came up with the following
concept: technical assistance and cooperation.
Along the following years after the end of the Second
World War, less developed countries felt like being left a
part of international commerce relations that existed between
most of the developed countries. The lack of economic
development in some countries made them unable
to join the international network of commerce and
unable to compete with others, so as long as they were
kept outside of the commerce they become even weaker
while the ones that were taking part on this network were
becoming stronger.
Trying to become stronger, the weak countries joined
together in a group formed by 77 countries, G77, where
countries would claim for a different treatment in the
commercial field, so they would have some advantage
upon the developed countries, something they could use
to their benefit towards development. Thus, the necessity
of aid to the less privileged economically countries as to
the low-income countries were simply essential 2 .
This movement occurred in 1960 during a meeting of
the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD), which was run by Raúl Prebisch at the
time and had a goal to shrink the gap between developed
and undeveloped through a special treatment. A mechanism
used for this was tariff preferences in the commercial
relations of the least developed States, thus giving
them a chance to strengthen their inner sectors 3 . The goal
of the Conference was: “[t]o keep and go deeper into the
common interest existed in the developing world, and to
strengthen up the ability of trading within and among
the states of UN, all done by working with all UN’s agencies
and so through these agencies technical cooperation
would be promoted among them.”
UNCTAD guided the countries to improve and stress
their economic links, thus strengthening up their eco-