Guia de Estudos - Faap

World leaders have pledged to achieve the Millennium
Development Goals, including the overarching
goal of cutting poverty in half by 2015. UNDP’s network
links and coordinates global and national efforts
to reach these Goals. Their focus is helping countries
build and share solutions to the challenges of:
• Democratic Governance
• Poverty Reduction
• Crisis Prevention and Recovery
• Environment and Energy
• HIV/AIDS
According to Ayllon, the organ advocates towards
the concept of integral development, balanced in a
economic development path of some multilateral financial
institutions, they focus here on human development
which offers the opportunity to every single
person to enjoy worthy living conditions.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The role of international cooperation is growing in
importance during the last years as it has been showing
itself essential to solve the world problems, such
as hunger, financial crises, health, global warming,
etc. These problems are the reason why it is so difficult
to reach development anywhere in the world, based
on this thought, the former secretary general of the
UN, Kofi Annan, together with, declared in the year of
2000 the Millennium Development Goals, which consists
in eight goals created in the second millennium
with the maximum purpose of making development
real to the whole world. However, we may consider
that MDGs has a deadline, 2015.
To reach the eight goal, cooperation from all the actors
in the international system is needed. They must
coordinate their struggles simultaneously, matching
their actions toward mutual help which will result
in the conclusion of the goals. Among the actors we
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VII Fórum FAAP de Discussão Estudantil - 2011
find international organism, civil society, private sector
and the government. The eighth goal seeks to develop a
global partnership among the actors, thus, by doing this
they test global governance.
According to the United Nations, global governance
can be understood as a supranational ethic which guides
the international actors by selecting right apart from
wrong based on the conduct of rules it settles in the
world to be followed. Or we can go further with Rittberger’s
definition that says [i]t is the output of nom-hierarchical
network of interlocking international (mostly, but
not exclusively, governmental) institutions which regulate
the behavior of states and other international actors
in different issue areas of world politics. Nowadays, this
governance is expressed within most of the agreements
and decisions taken in the multilateral field. Staring at
this fact, we can say that when international cooperation
works in a cohesive way, it is possible to find a commitment
among all the actors to make the goals achieved.
This justifies why it is so important to have gathered the
civil society, governments, private sector and international
organisms acting simultaneously and in a uniform
manner in order to reach the 8th goal.
Members’ commitment is necessary in order to work
hard on debates, formulation of policies and programs
seeking development. As the time passes with the world
acting in this path of cooperation, the domestic sectors
begins to show them more prepared to have executed in
their space and structure the policies created according
to the MDGs. These policies are often initiated by projects
of NGOs, or by civil society’s initiatives. It begins in very
small spots of the domestic sectors but it ends up spreading
and reaching all the structures inside a country, public
or private.
According to Robert Keohane international cooperation
is when actors adjust their behaviour to the actual or
anticipated preferences of others, through a process of policy
coordination. These are a few methods of international
cooperation for development:
Economic Cooperation: Strengthening of the productive
sector, infrastructure and services development.
Trade Preferences: Total and/or partial eliminations
of trade barriers for exportation to southern countries.