Efeito da preparação nos sítios de cromo....pdf
Efeito da preparação nos sítios de cromo....pdf Efeito da preparação nos sítios de cromo....pdf
__________________________________________________________________Referências Bibliográficas 50 - Stensland, B. e Kierkegaardm, P., "The crystal structure of Bis(triphenylsilyl)chromate", Acta Chem. Scand., 24, 211-220, 1970. 51 - Klug, H. P. e Alexander, L. E., “X-ray Diffraction Procedures for Polycristalline and Amorphous Materials”, Willey-Interscience, 1974. 52 - Smith, A.L., McHard, J. A., “Spectroscopic Techniques for Identification of Organosilicon Compounds”, Anal. Chem., 31 (7), 1174-1179, 1959. 53 - Iler, R. K., “The chemistry of silica”, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1979, p. 639. 54 - Fubini, B., Ghiotto, G., Stradella, L.Garrone, E. e Morterra, C., “The chemistry of silica-supported Cr ions – a characterization of the reduced and oxidized forms of chromia-silica catalyst by calorimetric and ultraviolet-visivle spectroscopy”, J. Catal., 66, 200-213, 1980. 55 - Liu, B. e Terano, M., "Investigation of the physico-chemical state and aggregation mechanism of surface Cr species on a Phillips CrOx/SiO2 catalyst by XPS and EPMA", J. Mol. Catal., 172, 227-240, 2001. 56 - Cavani, F., Koutyrev, M., Trifirò, F.,Bartolini, A.,Ghisletti, D., Iezzi, R., Santucci, A., del Piero, G., “Chemical and physical characterization of alumina-supported chromia-based catalysts and their activity in dehydrogenation of isobutane”, J. Catal., 158, 236-250, 1996. 57 - Gaspar, A. B., Martins, R. L., Schmal, M. e Dieguez, L. C., “Characterization of Cr 2+ and ethylene polymerization on Cr/SiO2 catalysts”, J. Mol. Catal. A, 169 (1- 2), 105-112, 2001. 58 - Hill, W. e Öhlmann, G., “Redox properties of chromic -acid supported on silica”, J. Catal., 123 (1), 147-156, 1990. 59 - Parlitz, B., Hanke, W., Fricke, R., Richter, M., Roost, U. e Öhlmann, G., “Studies on catalytically active surface-compounds. 15. The catalytic-oxidation of ethanol on Cr/SiO2 catalysts and some relations to the structure”, J. Catal., 94 (1), 24-36, 1985. 60 - Zaki, M. I., Fouad, N. E., Leyrer, J. e Knozinger, H., “Physicochemical investigation of calcined chromia-coated silica and alumina catalysts – characterization of chromium-oxygen species”, Appl. Catal., 21, 359-377, 1986. 206
__________________________________________________________________Referências Bibliográficas 61 - Jozwiak, W. K., Dalla Lana, I. G. e Fiedorow, R., “On the role of surface hydroxyls during the Cr/SiO2-catalyzed polymerization of ethylene”, J. Catal., 121 (1), 183-195, 1990. 62 - Hogan, J. P., “Ethylene polymerization catalysis over chromium oxide”, J. Pol. Sci. A1, 8 (9), 2637-&, 1970. 63 - Weckhuysen, B. M. , Wachs, I. E. e Schoonheydt, R. A. in G. Poncelet, P. A. Jacobs, P. Grange, B. Delmon (Ed.), Preparation of Catalysts VI, Elsevier, Amsterdan, 1995, p. 151. 64 - Hogan, J. P., "Catalysis of the Phillips Petroleum Company polyethylene process", Appl. Ind. Catal. 1, 149-176, 1983. 65 - Przhevalskaya, L. K., Shvets, V. A. e Kazanski, V. B., “Study of active-centers of ethylene polymerization over chromium catalysts prepared from trivalent and bivalent chromium compounds”, J. Catal., 39, 363-368, 1975. 66 - Zecchina, A., Spoto, G., Ghiotti, G. e Garrone, E., “Cr 2+ ions grafted to silica and silicalite surfaces: FTIR characterizantion and ethylene polymerization activity”, J. Mol. Catal., 86, 423-446, 1994. 67 - Finch, J. N., “Reduction studies on supported chromic anhydride catalysts”, J. Catal., 43, 111, 1976. 68 - Ruddick, V. J. e Badyal, J. P. S., “CO reduction of calcined CrOx/SiO2 ethene polymerization catalyst”, Langmuir, 13, 469-472, 1996. 69 - Krauss, H. L. e Stach, H., “Surface compounds of transition metals. 4. Polymerization reactions on surface compounds of chromium (2)”, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 366 (5-6), 280-&, 1969. 70 - Krauss, H. L., “Reactions on coordinatively unsaturated chromium (II) surface compounds”, Angew Chem. Int. Edit., 12 (10), 861-861, 1973. 71 - Weckhuysen, B. M., Wachs, I. E. e Schoonheydt, R. A., “Spectroscopic characterization of supported Cr and Cr,Ti catalysts: interaction with probe molecules”, Preparation of Catalysts VI, in G. Poncelet, P. A. Jacobs, P. Grange e B. Delmon (Editores), 151-158, 1995. 72 - Bensalem, A., Wechhuyse, B. M. e Schoonheydt, R. A., “In situ diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of supported chromium oxide catalysts: kinetics of the reduction process with carbon monoxide”, J. Phys. Chem., 101, 2824-2829, 1997. 207
- Page 169 and 170: ___________________________________
- Page 171 and 172: ___________________________________
- Page 173 and 174: ___________________________________
- Page 175 and 176: ___________________________________
- Page 177 and 178: ___________________________________
- Page 179 and 180: ___________________________________
- Page 181 and 182: ___________________________________
- Page 183 and 184: ___________________________________
- Page 185 and 186: ___________________________________
- Page 187 and 188: ___________________________________
- Page 189 and 190: ___________________________________
- Page 191 and 192: ___________________________________
- Page 193 and 194: ___________________________________
- Page 195 and 196: ___________________________________
- Page 197 and 198: ___________________________________
- Page 199 and 200: ___________________________________
- Page 201 and 202: ___________________________________
- Page 203 and 204: ___________________________________
- Page 205 and 206: ___________________________________
- Page 207 and 208: F(R) ______________________________
- Page 209 and 210: ___________________________________
- Page 211 and 212: ___________________________________
- Page 213 and 214: ___________________________________
- Page 215 and 216: ___________________________________
- Page 217 and 218: ___________________________________
- Page 219: ___________________________________
- Page 223 and 224: ___________________________________
- Page 225: ___________________________________
__________________________________________________________________Referências Bibliográficas<br />
50 - Stensland, B. e Kierkegaardm, P., "The crystal structure of<br />
Bis(triphenylsilyl)chromate", Acta Chem. Scand., 24, 211-220, 1970.<br />
51 - Klug, H. P. e Alexan<strong>de</strong>r, L. E., “X-ray Diffraction Procedures for Polycristalline<br />
and Amorphous Materials”, Willey-Interscience, 1974.<br />
52 - Smith, A.L., McHard, J. A., “Spectroscopic Techniques for I<strong>de</strong>ntification of<br />
Orga<strong>nos</strong>ilicon Compounds”, Anal. Chem., 31 (7), 1174-1179, 1959.<br />
53 - Iler, R. K., “The chemistry of silica”, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1979, p. 639.<br />
54 - Fubini, B., Ghiotto, G., Stra<strong>de</strong>lla, L.Garrone, E. e Morterra, C., “The chemistry of<br />
silica-supported Cr ions – a characterization of the reduced and oxidized forms<br />
of chromia-silica catalyst by calorimetric and ultraviolet-visivle spectroscopy”,<br />
J. Catal., 66, 200-213, 1980.<br />
55 - Liu, B. e Terano, M., "Investigation of the physico-chemical state and aggregation<br />
mechanism of surface Cr species on a Phillips CrOx/SiO2 catalyst by XPS and<br />
EPMA", J. Mol. Catal., 172, 227-240, 2001.<br />
56 - Cavani, F., Koutyrev, M., Trifirò, F.,Bartolini, A.,Ghisletti, D., Iezzi, R., Santucci,<br />
A., <strong>de</strong>l Piero, G., “Chemical and physical characterization of alumina-supported<br />
chromia-based catalysts and their activity in <strong>de</strong>hydrogenation of isobutane”, J.<br />
Catal., 158, 236-250, 1996.<br />
57 - Gaspar, A. B., Martins, R. L., Schmal, M. e Dieguez, L. C., “Characterization of<br />
Cr 2+ and ethylene polymerization on Cr/SiO2 catalysts”, J. Mol. Catal. A, 169 (1-<br />
2), 105-112, 2001.<br />
58 - Hill, W. e Öhlmann, G., “Redox properties of chromic -acid supported on silica”, J.<br />
Catal., 123 (1), 147-156, 1990.<br />
59 - Parlitz, B., Hanke, W., Fricke, R., Richter, M., Roost, U. e Öhlmann, G., “Studies<br />
on catalytically active surface-compounds. 15. The catalytic-oxi<strong>da</strong>tion of ethanol<br />
on Cr/SiO2 catalysts and some relations to the structure”, J. Catal., 94 (1), 24-36,<br />
1985.<br />
60 - Zaki, M. I., Fouad, N. E., Leyrer, J. e Knozinger, H., “Physicochemical<br />
investigation of calcined chromia-coated silica and alumina catalysts –<br />
characterization of chromium-oxygen species”, Appl. Catal., 21, 359-377, 1986.<br />
206