UNGARNS HISTORIE OG KULTUR
UNGARNS HISTORIE OG KULTUR
UNGARNS HISTORIE OG KULTUR
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VINCE SULYOK : <strong>UNGARNS</strong> <strong>HISTORIE</strong> <strong>OG</strong> <strong>KULTUR</strong><br />
Sjamanisme og andre former for religiøsitet ........................................................................................................ 45<br />
Magyarenes møte med de store religionene.......................................................................................................... 46<br />
Ungarsk kunst på 800-900-tallet .......................................................................................................................... 47<br />
Den ungarske musikk og dens røtter..................................................................................................................... 47<br />
HÆRT<strong>OG</strong>ENES <strong>OG</strong> RØVEFERDENES TID I EUROPA ....................................................................................................... 48<br />
Samfunnet på begynnelsen av 900-tallet............................................................................................................... 48<br />
Et utsatt Europa, herjet fra tre kanter .................................................................................................................. 49<br />
Første fase av de ungarske innfall (908-933) ....................................................................................................... 50<br />
Annen fase av streiftogene (934-955) ................................................................................................................... 51<br />
Fyrst Taksonys tid (955-971)................................................................................................................................ 53<br />
Storfyrst Géza: fredspolitikk og reformer (972-997) ............................................................................................ 54<br />
ET STERKT BEGRENSET UTVALG LITTERATUR PÅ VESTLIGE SPRÅK............................................................................ 55<br />
III. ÁRPÁDENES MIDDELALDERRIKE 997 — 1301 .............................................................59<br />
DEN UNGARSKE STAT BLIR TIL .................................................................................................................................. 60<br />
Istváns år som storfyrste 997-1000....................................................................................................................... 60<br />
Kroningen ............................................................................................................................................................. 60<br />
Sentralmakt kontra høvdinger............................................................................................................................... 61<br />
Kong Istváns kriger............................................................................................................................................... 61<br />
Landets territoriale omorganisering og sosiale omforming ................................................................................. 63<br />
Lovgiveren ............................................................................................................................................................ 64<br />
Åndelig kultur i Istváns Ungarn............................................................................................................................ 65<br />
Tronfølgerproblemer ............................................................................................................................................ 66<br />
UROLIGE <strong>OG</strong> KRISEFULLE ÅR 1038—77 .................................................................................................................... 67<br />
Peter Orseolos første periode på tronen 1038-41................................................................................................. 67<br />
Samuel Abas forsøk (1041—44)............................................................................................................................ 67<br />
Peters annen periode (1044—46) ......................................................................................................................... 68<br />
Kong András stabiliserer landet ........................................................................................................................... 68<br />
Striden mellom kronen og sverdet......................................................................................................................... 69<br />
Kong Bélas tre år (1060—63)............................................................................................................................... 70<br />
Salamon (1063—74) ............................................................................................................................................. 70<br />
Géza 1 på tronen (1074—77)................................................................................................................................ 71<br />
OPPBLOMSTRING UNDER LÁSZLÓ 1 DEN HELLIGE (1077—95) .................................................................................. 71<br />
Stabiliseringprosessen .......................................................................................................................................... 71<br />
Kanonisering av ungarske helgener ..................................................................................................................... 72<br />
Kriger og erobringer ............................................................................................................................................ 73<br />
KÁLMÁN DEN BOKLÆRDE (1095—1116) .................................................................................................................. 74<br />
Det første korstog og Ungarn ............................................................................................................................... 74<br />
Den opprørske hertug Álmos ................................................................................................................................ 75<br />
Fullføringen av Kroatias erobring og andre kriger.............................................................................................. 76<br />
Kálmáns lovgivning .............................................................................................................................................. 76<br />
TID AV INDRE <strong>OG</strong> YTRE STRIDIGHETER 1116—72...................................................................................................... 77<br />
István 2, 1116—31 ................................................................................................................................................ 77<br />
Béla 2 den blinde, 1131—41................................................................................................................................. 78<br />
Géza 2, 1141—62.................................................................................................................................................. 79<br />
István 3 (1162—72) og hans motkonger............................................................................................................... 79<br />
UNGARSK SAMFUNN PÅ 1100-TALLET....................................................................................................................... 80<br />
KONSOLIDERING UNDER BÉLA 3 (1172—96) ............................................................................................................ 83<br />
ET UROENS TIÅR 1196—1205 ................................................................................................................................... 84<br />
FØYDALT ANARKI <strong>OG</strong> KONG ANDRÁS 2S TID 1205—35............................................................................................. 85<br />
Den nye økonomiske politikk ................................................................................................................................ 85<br />
Den gyldne bulle................................................................................................................................................... 86<br />
Ytre og indre problemer i András 2s siste år ........................................................................................................ 87<br />
EN HERSKER AV STORT FORMAT: BÉLA 4 (1235—70)............................................................................................... 88<br />
Føydale oppløsningstendenser.............................................................................................................................. 88<br />
Mongol-tatarenes invasjon 1241—42................................................................................................................... 89<br />
Gjenreisningsarbeidet........................................................................................................................................... 90<br />
Uoverensstemmelser med sønnen István............................................................................................................... 91<br />
ÁRPÁDSHUSETS SISTE KONGER 1270—1301 ............................................................................................................. 92<br />
István 5 (1270—72) .............................................................................................................................................. 92<br />
László 4 “Kumanen” (1272—90) ......................................................................................................................... 93<br />
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