UNGARNS HISTORIE OG KULTUR

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VINCE SULYOK : UNGARNS HISTORIE OG KULTUR Vince Sulyok UNGARNS HISTORIE OG KULTUR Oslo, 1994 (ISBN 82-560-0910-1) Omslagbildet er hentet fra Képes Krónika (Billedkrønik) fra ca 1360, her gjengitt etter Helikon-forlagets faksimile-utgave, Budapest, 1987. ___________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2006, Vince Sulyok 1958-2006 - VI -
VINCE SULYOK : UNGARNS HISTORIE OG KULTUR INNHOLD Publisher’s preface........................................................................................................................... III I. KARPATBEKKENET FØR DET UNGARSKE LANDNÅMET ................................................2 ISTEDENFOR EN INNLEDNING....................................................................................................................................... 3 MENNESKET I KARPATBEKKENET I FØRHISTORISK TID............................................................................ 4 PALEOLITTISK TID ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 Rudapithecus Hungaricus....................................................................................................................................... 4 Homo erectus palaeohungaricus ............................................................................................................................ 4 Neandertaler-mennesket i Ungarn.......................................................................................................................... 5 Szeleta-kulturen (Szeletien) og Istállóskő ............................................................................................................... 5 Gravetti-kulturen .................................................................................................................................................... 6 MESOLITTISK OG NEOLITTISK TID................................................................................................................................ 6 Mesolithikum........................................................................................................................................................... 6 Yngre steinalder (6.000—3.400 f.Kr.)..................................................................................................................... 6 KOBBERALDEREN (3.400—2.000 F.KR.)..................................................................................................................... 7 BRONSEALDEREN (2.000-800 F.KR.) ........................................................................................................................... 8 JERNALDEREN (800 F.KR. TIL BEGYNNELSEN AV VÅR TIDSREGNING).......................................................................... 9 Skytiske folkeslag .................................................................................................................................................... 9 Kelterne ................................................................................................................................................................ 10 Transsylvania før romerne.................................................................................................................................... 11 ROMERNES TID I UNGARN ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Etableringen av Donau-limes ............................................................................................................................... 12 Markomanner, kvader, sarmater .......................................................................................................................... 12 Pannonias romanisering....................................................................................................................................... 13 Dacia Trajana og Dacia Ripensis......................................................................................................................... 14 Romernes siste århundre i Pannonia.................................................................................................................... 16 FOLKEVANDRINGSTIDENS STORE BØLGER ................................................................................................................. 17 Hunerne ................................................................................................................................................................ 17 Germanernes århundre på ungarsk jord .............................................................................................................. 19 Avarenes rike (567-804) ....................................................................................................................................... 20 Frankene i Pannonia ............................................................................................................................................ 24 Slavene i Pannonia ............................................................................................................................................... 24 Donaubulgarene i Sydøst-Ungarn ........................................................................................................................ 25 ET STERKT BEGRENSET UTVALG LITTERATUR PÅ VESTLIGE SPRÅK............................................................................ 26 II. DET UNGARSKE FOLK: HERKOMST, SPRÅK OG HISTORIE TIL 997 E.KR................30 UNGARSK SPRÅK ....................................................................................................................................................... 31 UNGARERNES HERKOMST.......................................................................................................................................... 32 Teorier omkring det finsk-ugriske urhjem ............................................................................................................ 32 Fenno-ugriernes materielle kultur........................................................................................................................ 32 Basjkiria – Magna Hungaria................................................................................................................................ 33 Fenno-ugriernes åndelige kultur .......................................................................................................................... 35 UNGARERNES FØRSTE ÅRTUSEN SOM EGET FOLK ...................................................................................................... 35 Siget sydover......................................................................................................................................................... 35 Kontakt med iranske folkeslag.............................................................................................................................. 36 Kontakt med hunerne og avarerne........................................................................................................................ 36 Kontakt med onogur-bulgarerne........................................................................................................................... 38 I khazarernes rike ................................................................................................................................................. 39 FRA ETELKÖZ TIL KARPATBEKKENET ....................................................................................................................... 40 Ungarerne i tidens skrevne kilder......................................................................................................................... 40 I Etelköz ................................................................................................................................................................ 41 Petsjeneger-angrep på Etelköz, og det ungarske landnåm i Karpatbekkenet....................................................... 42 Transdanubias (Pannonias) erobring................................................................................................................... 43 LANDNÅMETIDENS UNGARSKE KULTUR .................................................................................................................... 44 Næring, bolig, mat og kledning............................................................................................................................. 44 ___________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2006, Vince Sulyok 1958-2006 - VII -
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Bethlen-regjeringens fall VINCE SUL
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Vitenskap og samfunn VINCE SULYOK :
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A Aachen 107 Aba 67, 68 Aba, Amadé
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Bernáth, Aurél 346, 377 Berzevicz
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d’Esperey, Louis-Félix Franchet
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Galeotto, Marzio 123 Galicia 73, 10
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Imrédys fall (11.februar 1939) 338
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Kiel-møtet (20.-26. august 1938) 3
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Ludvig 10 (av Frankrike) 171 Ludvig
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Niederaltaich 90 Nikolaj 1 (tsar) 2
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Rákóczi 1 György 165, 166 Rákó
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Sosialistiske arbeiderparti av Unga
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Tömörkény, István 275 Tompa, Mi
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valgene (i 1931) 323 valgene (i 193
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UNGARNS HISTORIE OG KULTUR

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