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View/Open - BORA - Universitetet i Bergen

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Summary Drinking culture in an urban context in Bergen in late medieval and early modern times The aim of this thesis was to address questions related to drinking culture in an urban context in late medieval and early modern times, based on an analysis of the archaeological finds recovered from Room 1 in the medieval Wine Cellar (Vinkjelleren) in Bergen. From the Wine Cellar, that was a part of the Town Hall, the City Council had royal monopoly on the wine sale in Bergen, from which they also received profits. The Wine Cellar was in use from around 1300 until it was torn down in 1651. From 1437, or somewhat earlier, it was leased by the German Office of the Hanseatic League. My main focus has been on the pottery, which amount to 2117 finds. These have been identified and classified based on provenience and fabric characteristics, such as hardness, colour and decor. My classification shows a large degree of homogeneity in the material, with German Siegburg stoneware constituting 85 percent of the recorded sherds. This probably reflects the increasing cultural, economic and political influence from German traders, who were present in large numbers at the German Office at Bryggen. The Siegburg stoneware was chosen for further analysis. Compared to the production site, the type variation turned out to be limited, a possible sign of difference in use. The Siegburg material also showed few distinctive characteristics, like decor, indicating a lack of social distinctions in the cups themselves. There is, however, a distinction between the pottery and the glass material in the Wine Cellar, as the distribution of glass is confined to only one part of the room. This indicates that the room could have been divided into different zones and this could perhaps be related to social differentiation. Furthermore, my analysis determined the relation between the types related to drinking and the types related to serving respectively, and how these are distributed in time and space. Drinking vessels dominated throughout the whole period, and their presence increased over time: from 54 % in the earliest period to 71 percent in the latest. The great number of drinking vessels, opposed to fewer serving vessels, indicates an increase in the use of individual drinking vessels as opposed to communal ones, and can be related to an overall trend, where the society during this period were moving towards a larger degree of individualization. 89

Litteratur Andrén, Anders. 1997. Mellan ting och text. En introduktion till de historiska arkeologierna. Stockholm. AHL (Archiv Hansestadt Lübeck). Bergenfahrer, 294. Findbuch 9. Bagge, Sverre. 1990. Det primitive middelaldermennesket? Kropp, vold og seksualitet. I: Onsdagskvelder i Bryggens Museum - V. (red. I. Øye), s. 41-67. Bergen. Beck, Ulrich & Beck-Gernsheim, Elisabeth. 2002. Individualization. Institutionalized Individualism and its Social and Political Consequences. London. Beckmann Bernhard. 1968. Siegburg, ein Zentrum rheinischen Töpferhandwerks. I: Kommern nr. 4. Volkskunst im Rheinland. Führer und Schriften des rheinischen Freilichtmuseum in Kommern. s. 15- 18. Düsseldorf. Beckmann Bernhard. 1974. The Main Types of the First Four Production Periods of Siegburg pottery. I: Medieval Pottery from Excavations. Evison, Hodges & Hurst (eds.), s.183-220. London. Beyer, Absalon Pederssøn. 2001 [1552-1572]. Absalon Pederssøn Beyers dagbok 1552-1572. www.dokpro.uio.no. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1995 [1979]. Distinksjonen. En sosiologsk kritikk av dømmekraften. Oslo. Deroeux, Didier, Dufournier, Daniel & Herteig, Asbjørn E. 1994. French medieval ceramics from the Bryggen excavations in Bergen, Norway. I: The Bryggen Papers. Supplementary Series No 5, (red. A. E. Herteig). s. 161-181. Bergen. Dietler, Michael. 1990. Driven by Drink: the role of drinking in the political economy and the case of Early Iron Age France. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 9. Dietler, Michael. 2006. Alcohol: Anthropological/ Archaeological Perspectives. Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 2006. 35:229–49 90

Litteratur<br />

Andrén, Anders. 1997.<br />

Mellan ting och text. En introduktion till de historiska arkeologierna. Stockholm.<br />

AHL (Archiv Hansestadt Lübeck). <strong>Bergen</strong>fahrer, 294. Findbuch 9.<br />

Bagge, Sverre. 1990.<br />

Det primitive middelaldermennesket? Kropp, vold og seksualitet. I: Onsdagskvelder i<br />

Bryggens Museum - V. (red. I. Øye), s. 41-67. <strong>Bergen</strong>.<br />

Beck, Ulrich & Beck-Gernsheim, Elisabeth. 2002.<br />

Individualization. Institutionalized Individualism and its Social and Political<br />

Consequences. London.<br />

Beckmann Bernhard. 1968.<br />

Siegburg, ein Zentrum rheinischen Töpferhandwerks. I: Kommern nr. 4. Volkskunst im<br />

Rheinland. Führer und Schriften des rheinischen Freilichtmuseum in Kommern. s. 15-<br />

18. Düsseldorf.<br />

Beckmann Bernhard. 1974.<br />

The Main Types of the First Four Production Periods of Siegburg pottery. I: Medieval<br />

Pottery from Excavations. Evison, Hodges & Hurst (eds.), s.183-220. London.<br />

Beyer, Absalon Pederssøn. 2001 [1552-1572].<br />

Absalon Pederssøn Beyers dagbok 1552-1572. www.dokpro.uio.no.<br />

Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977.<br />

Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge.<br />

Bourdieu, Pierre. 1995 [1979].<br />

Distinksjonen. En sosiologsk kritikk av dømmekraften. Oslo.<br />

Deroeux, Didier, Dufournier, Daniel & Herteig, Asbjørn E. 1994.<br />

French medieval ceramics from the Bryggen excavations in <strong>Bergen</strong>, Norway. I: The<br />

Bryggen Papers. Supplementary Series No 5, (red. A. E. Herteig). s. 161-181. <strong>Bergen</strong>.<br />

Dietler, Michael. 1990.<br />

Driven by Drink: the role of drinking in the political economy and the case of Early<br />

Iron Age France. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 9.<br />

Dietler, Michael. 2006.<br />

Alcohol: Anthropological/ Archaeological Perspectives. Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 2006.<br />

35:229–49<br />

90

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