March 2011 for web.indd - OVK

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Kultivar PAN 3120 SST 387 SST 356 Matlabas PAN 3161 SST 347 PAN 3118 Caledon Komati Gariep PAN 3368 Elands PAN 3379 Betta-DN PAN 3144 Limpopo PAN 3355 Oos-Vrystaat Opbrengs (ton/ha) 3,22 3,14 3,09 2,99 2,99 2,98 2,62 2,53 2,53 2,50 2,35 2,34 2,30 2,19 2,17 2,10 2,07 Inkomste (R/ha) 10 935,12 10 663,44 10 493,64 10 154,04 10 154,04 10 120,08 8 897,52 8 591,88 8 591,88 8 490,00 7 980,60 7 946,64 7 810,80 7 437,24 7 369,32 7 131,60 7 029,72 Bronnelys: LNR - Kleingraaninstituut: Report on the National Wheat Cultivar Evaluation pro gramme under dryland conditions in the summer rainfall region - 2010. LNR - Kleingraaninstituut: Report on the National Wheat Cultivar Evaluation pro gramme under irrigation - 2010. 38 FATTENING OF STEERS ON NATURAL PASTURES ARTICLE: Lubbe Jacobs: Technical manager, Lubern Feeds The market for naturally produced meat is grow ing fast and to supply in the demand the farmer must position himself and his feeding regime to im prove his production to the maximum. To fatten steers from natural pastures, it is very important to remember that there are a lot of variables. The largest is the quality of the pasture or veld that the steers utilize. The problem with natural pastures is that the nutri tional value differs vastly within a season. For example the protein content can vary between 5 % and 14 %. The same applies for energy values. Table 1: The differences in nutritional value between natural pastures and rye grass: Natural Pasture (veldgrass) 5 - 15 7,5 - 10,4 50 - 70 0,04 - 0,18 Nutritional Values Prot MJ/kg TDN % P Rye Grass Pastures 20 9,5 64 0,23 Inhoud • Contents
Between 65 % and 90 % of the protein content of pastures is rumen degradable protein (RDP) and in itself poses a problem for especially younger animals. A younger animal needs more undegradable protein (UDP) or as it is commonly known, natural protein. To get the best results on pasture, the quantity and quality must be good and that poses a problem, be cause either the quality, as shown in the previous para graph, or the quantity is lacking. In summer or on rye grass pasture the moisture content is so high that the steer cannot take in enough dry matter. This will result in lower than expected per formances. This occur more on natural pastures and there fore the performance is better on irrigated pastures. The performance on natural pastures in - creases from east to west in South Africa. If a farmer decides to fatten off the pastures, it is very important to select the best animal, as this will influence the outcome dramatically. Early maturing animals do bet ter than late maturing animals. The weight of the animal at the start of the feeding period is of utmost im portance, because if the steer is too small at the be ginning it will not fatten in the appropriate time. The best weight to start feeding a steer is shown in table 2. Table 2: Ideal starting weights for steers on na tural pastures. 39 Type of animal Starting weight Small frame animal Medium frame animal Large frame animal 240 kg 265 kg 290 kg It is also important to remember that crossbred animals do better because of the effect of hybrid vigor. Well selected purebred animals do as well. The use of long weaners also improves the performance because of the lack of weaning shock and the effect of compensatory growth. There is also a difference in performance between heifers, steers and bulls. Heifers tend to fatten faster, but their growth rate is lower and they therefore have a lower carcass mass. Bull calves do grow a lot better than steers and heifers but they tend to fatten slower and most of the time they need to be fed in a feedlot to fat ten them properly. Another problem arises when steers and heifers are fed within the same group, because the heifer come into estrus and this leads to the steers chasing them around and a lot of growth goes a begging. The best way is to Contents • separate the herd into gender and if possible frame size. To improve performance further, it is also important to manage the pastures to the optimum. High density Inhoud
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March 2011 for web.indd - OVK

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