Bioport: Nederland als mainport voor biomassa - Port of Rotterdam

determines the revenue of parties with interests in the chains. Most of the presentstudies into the application of bio mass are based on this optimisation of the chain,with the cost price per unit of energy as the key issue. The result is that processingeventually takes place at the marginal costs and revenues.The cluster approach on the other hand strives for the linking of activities and thuscreating added value. A clear example is the mainport of Schiphol where there is adirect connection between the development of the flower auction in Aalsmeer and theaeronautic network of KLM. Both developments reinforce each other and provide fora link between the Dutch economy and other global economies. Tthe daily transportof flowers next to the income from passengers plays an important role in making adestination profitable. The separate transportation of passengers or freight to thesedestinations would not be economically viable but the combination is. This linkcreates extra turnover to shops and offices which in turn creates new value, etc.Important to the development of main port is the orchestrator (in this case SchipholGroup); the party that is consciously making an effort to expand the network andlinking and expanding value chains.The challenge to BiopPort is to change the existing trend of cost minimisation withinthe bio masschains to creating value by linking different chains. The paradigm shiftwe aim for in Bioport is that we start in the centre of the network and look for chainsthat can reinforce each other in the development of added value. In other words thetraditional way of development will be turned around: network node-clusters-chainsindividualactivities in stead of individual activities-chains-clusters-network node.Various directions for growthThe Bioport path for growth is not easily defined, but the development can happenalong several different (and possibly mutually reinforcing) lines. The Cyclic InnovationModel (CIM) of professor Berkhout, shows three possible lines of development , eachstarting from a different point. They are:• The science port: linking together value concepts of knowledge, high valueproducts and development of specialised raw materials. Development ofknowledge and application is the primary condition for high value production inorder to be placed in a network node. In the science port the development andapplication of knowledge is the most important factor. In terms of volume thisdevelopment can be limited but of very high added value.• The cascade port: aimed at closing the food, feed, chemical and energy cycle,mainly directed at the creation of value by linking different chains. The objective isto use materials from one chain as a source material for the next chain, and toadd new chains to the cluster in order to optimise the development (for exampleagriculture at sea, a stoch exchange for biomass, intensive farming, etc.). Thefinding and making of connections between chains aimed at development of valueis the main driving force for the development of the cascade port. Volume andscale advantages for participants are also important and will lead to the desiredcost reduction and value development.• The logistic port: large scale international development of a Bio Botlek area thatplays an important role in the energy supply in North-West Europe as well as inthe development of bio mass as energy source on a global scale. No subsidiesand discounts, but acceleration of development by the aimed application ofventure capital to participate in companies that strengthen and enrich the clusterin terms of value addition. Not a passive role and waiting for companies to join in,12