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tIcf kÀ¡mÀ<br />
tIcf kwØm\ `q\bw<br />
(IcSv)<br />
dh\yq hIp¸v, Xncph\´]pcw<br />
IcSv<br />
tIcf kwØm\ `q\bw<br />
BapJw<br />
hmbphpw Pehpw a®pw AXnse ssPhk¼¯pw PohkÔmcW¯n\v<br />
A´y´mt]£nXamb {]IrXn hn`h§fmWv. `t£ymXv]mZ\¯n\pw hkv{Xw,<br />
]mÀ¸nSw, hyhkmb§Ä apXembhbv¡pÅ AkwkvIrX hkvXp¡Ä¡pw<br />
`qanbmWm[mcw kaql¯nâ \m\m XpdIfnepapÅ ]ptcmKXn<br />
`qhn\ntbmKcoXntbbpw `qanbpsS D¸mZ\£aXtbbpw kpØncXtbbpw<br />
_m[nbv¡pw. BbXn\m imkv{Xobamb `phn\ntbmKambncn¡Ww am\h<br />
]ptcmKXn¡SnØm\w.<br />
tIcfw `qanimkv{X]cambpw BhmkcoXnbnepw kmwkvImcnIambpw<br />
`mcX¯nse aäv kwkvYm\§fn \npw XoÀ¯pw hyXyØamWv.<br />
`mcX¯nsâ 1.18% e(38,863 N.In.an) am{Xw hnkvXoÀ®apÅ tIcf¯nÂ<br />
2001þse sk³kkv {]Imcw P\kwJy 31841374 BWv. P\km{µXbmIs« Hcp.<br />
N.In.aoädn\v 819 BIpp. {]IrXn hn`h§fpsS D]t`mKw hÀ²nbv¡pXv<br />
P\kwJybpw P\km{µXbpw sIm−p am{Xaà km£cX hcpam\w PohnX<br />
\nehmcw, kpJt`mK§Ä Adnhpw {]hÀ¯\£aXbpw It¼mf hyhkmbnI<br />
coXnIÄ XpS§nbhsbms¡ {]IrXn hn`h hn\ntbmKs¯ _m[n¡pw. tIcf<br />
P\X C¡mcy¯nsems¡¯s hyXyØX ]peÀ¯pp−v. tIcf¯nse<br />
Irjn`qanbpw Krl\nÀ½mW Øe§fpw hymhkmbnI ]«W taJeIÄ<br />
t]mepw thÀXncn¡m\mhm¯ coXnbnemWv \½psS `qhn\ntbmKw AXpsIm−p<br />
Xs X\Xmb `qhn\ntbmK\bamWv \ap¡\ptbmPyw.<br />
`q hn`h§fpsS Imcy¯n tIcfw kar²amWv. kap{Z \nc¸n \npw 0.8 ao.<br />
Xmsg (Ip«\mSv, tImÄ \ne§Ä) apX 2500 ao apIfn (aqmÀ, B\apSn)<br />
hsc \½psS `q{]tZiw hym]n¨ncn¡pp. \½psS h\§Ä \nch[n hne ]nSn¨<br />
{]IrXn hn`h§fpsS IehdbmWv. hnhn[Xcw (38) a®n\§fpw icmicn 3000<br />
an.ao agbpw 580 In.ao ssZÀLyapÅ kap{ZXochpw sNdpXpw hepXpamb 44<br />
\ZnIfpw 33þÂ ]cw ImbepIfpw 3 henb ip²PeXSmI§fpw `qanbpsS<br />
\navt\mXbpw hÀjw apgph\papÅ kqcy {]Imihpw tNÀp−mIp<br />
sshhn²yamÀ BhmkhyhØIfmWv tIcfs¯ ssPhk¼pjvSam¡pXv.<br />
AtX kabw tIcf¯n GItZiw 15 e£w slIvSÀ Øew as®men¸n\v<br />
hnt[bamWv.<br />
tIcf¯nsâ Xoc{]tZiamsI _lpapJamb `ojWn t\cnSpp. 580 In an<br />
ssZÀLyap]Å IStemc¯n 440 In an Zqchpw ISem{IaW km[yX IqSnb<br />
{]tZi§emWv ISemI{XaWw ImcWw {]XnhÀjw icmicn 40 Inan Ic`qan<br />
\jvSs¸SpXmbn ]T\§Ä kqNn¸n¡pp. Nne {]tZi§fn 5.3 In ao Zqcw<br />
hsc ISÂ IbdpXmbpw I−n«p−v. ISem{IWas¯ ^e{]Zambn<br />
sNdp¡m\mbnsæn XoctZis¯ Poh\pw kz¯n\pw ]pdsa \sÃmcp `mKw<br />
`qanbpw Fst¡pambn \jvSs¸Sm\panSbmIpw \Kc hymhkmbnI
amen\y§Ä \nt£]n¡p Ip¸s¯m«nbmbmWv \mw ISen\v ImWpXv.<br />
XoctZis¯ AanX `qKÀ` PeNqjWw ip²Pe e`yX CÃmXm¡pw.<br />
`uakw_Ônbmb \nch[n {]IrXn Zpc´§sf t\cnSm³ Zpc´ \nhmcW<br />
\b¯n\\pkrXamb ]²XnIÄ \S¸nemt¡−Xpw Zpc´§Ä kw`hn¡phm³<br />
km[yXbpÅ {]tZi§Ä Is−¯n AhnS§fn \nhcmW eLoIcW<br />
{]XnIcW {]hÀ¯\§Ä GsäSp¡pIbpw thWw.<br />
Aimkv{Xobamb `qhn\ntbmK¯nsâ tZmj^e§Ä ]ecoXnbnÂ<br />
{]ISamIpp−v. A\nb{´nXamb aWÂ hmcepw A\[nIrX It¿ähpw<br />
ImcWw tIcf¯nse \ZnIfntebpw ImbepIfntebpw Pe\nc¸pw<br />
K\W\nehmchpw ASn¡Sn Ipdªp hcpp. s\¸mS§Ä \nI¯n aäv<br />
hn[¯n D]bpàam¡pXv `qanbpw ]cnXØnXnbpw t\cnSp henb<br />
`ojWnbmWv. `t£ymXv]mZ\w hÀ²n¸n¡pI F e£yt¯msS<br />
s\¸mS§fpw aäpw kwc£n¡phm\pw Ah ImÀjntIXc<br />
Bhiy§Ä¡p]tbmKn¡pXv XSbm\pw 1967þ kÀ¡mÀ D¯chpIÄ<br />
]pds¸Sphn¨p. Irjn sN¿msX XcnÈnSp `qan GsäSp¡pXn\v t]mepw Cu<br />
D¯chv kÀ¡mcn\v AwKoImcw \ÂInbn«p−v. Fm Cu D¯chv<br />
^e{]Zambnà Fvv Imew sXfnbn¨p Ignªp.<br />
A\nb{´nXhpw \nbahncp²hpamb `qhn\ntbmKw aqew D−mIp<br />
]mcnØnXnI {]XymLmX§fmWv \mw A\p`hn¡p {]IrXn Zpc´§Ä.<br />
tIcf¯nsâ a®ns\bpw {]IrXn hn`h§tfbpw Im¯p kq£n¡pXn\mWv<br />
kwØm\ kÀ¡mÀ ap´nb ]cnKW\ \ÂIpXv. AtXmsSm¸w<br />
kwØm\¯nsâ s]mXpkz¯mb `qan kwc£n¡pXn\pw Kh¬saâv<br />
{]XnÚm _²amWv. kÀ¡mcnsâ `qan A\ym[o\s¸«p t]mImXncn¡m\pw<br />
]m« hyhØIÄ ewLn¨v ]ecpw ssIhiw h¨ncn¡p kÀ¡mÀ `qan<br />
hos−Sp¡m\pw A\[nIrX It¿ä§Ä Hgn¸n¡m\pw Kh¬saâv ssIs¡m−<br />
\S]SnIÄ CXn\v sXfnhmWv..<br />
Cv \½psS kwØm\¯v Gähpw hne]nSn¸pÅXpw ZpÀe`hpamb hn`hamWv<br />
`qan. hnkvXramb henb Hcp `mKw `qan kÀ¡mcnsâ ssIhiap−v. CXnÂ<br />
_lp`qcn]£hpw s]mXp Bhiy§Ä¡mbn D]tbmKn¨p hcpp. F¦nepw<br />
Iptdtbsd `qan ^e{]Zambn hn\ntbmKn¡s¸SpnÃ. ]pdt¼m¡v `qan<br />
]m«¯n\v \ÂInbn«pÅ dh\yq `qan t_m«vþC³þemâv (dh\yq dn¡hdn<br />
\nba{]ImcapÅh) an¨ `qan D]bpàam¡m¯ s]mpw hnes¡Sp¯v `qan<br />
A\yw \n `qan Fn§s\ hnhn[ Xc¯nepÅ `qan kÀ¡mcnsâ<br />
ssIhi¯nep−v. CXn hnhn[ hIp¸pIfpsS D]tbmK¯n\mbn<br />
hn«psImSp¯ncp Iptd `qan XcnÈmbn InS¡pp. C\nbpw Iptd `qan<br />
hyànIÄt¡m kwLS\IÄt¡m ]m«¯n\v \ÂInbncpp. Iptd `qan<br />
A\[nIrXambn It¿dn ]ecpw ssIhiw h¨ncn¡pp kwØm\¯nsâ<br />
s]mXp kz¯p¡fpsS kwc£I³ F \nebn Cu `qanbpsS ]cn]me\w<br />
kÀ¡mcnemWv \n£n]vXambn«pÅXv.<br />
tIcfw t]mse P\km{µXtbdnb Hcp {]tZi¯v hnIk\ {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡pw<br />
s]mXp Bhiy§Ä¡pw `qan Is−¯pI ZpjvIcambns¡m−ncn¡pp. ]e<br />
hnIk\ {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡pw hnLmXamb LSIw `qan GsäSp¡Â<br />
{]iv\§fmWv. hnIk\¯n\pw aäpw ]et¸mgpw kzImcy`qan<br />
GsäSpt¡−Xmbn hcpw. C§s\ `qan GsäSp¡pt¼mÄ<br />
IqSnsbmgn¸n¡s¸SphÀ t\cnSp {]iv\§Ä \nch[nbmWv kz´amb<br />
`qanbpw InS¸mShpw \jvSs¸SptXmsSm¸w kmaqlyhpw kmwkvImcnIhpamb<br />
am\knIhpamb \nch[n {]XnkÔnIsf AhÀ A`napJoIcnt¡−n hcpw.<br />
AXn \m C{]Imcw IpSnsbmgn¸n¡s¸SphcpsS ]p\c[nhmkhpw PohnX<br />
\nehmchpw Dd¸p hcp¯pXn\pw kmaqly kmwkvImcnI _Ô§Ä<br />
]p\Øm]n¡pXn\psams¡ ka{Kamb Hcp ImgvN¸mSpw<br />
am\hnIXbne[njvTnXamb kao]\hpw kzoIcnt¨ aXnbmhq. kmaqly
kpc£m ]p\c[nhmk ]²XnbpsS ASnØm\¯n am{Xta `qan GsäSp¡Â<br />
\S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡pIbpÅq<br />
kwØm\s¯ A\[nIrX It¿ä§fpw \nÀ½mW {]hÀ¯\§fpw<br />
XSbpXn Hcp hn«phogvNbv¡pw Cu kÀ¡mÀ X¿mdÃ. hymP]«b§fpw<br />
IÅ B[mc§fpw DÄs¸sSbpÅ IrXna tcJIÄ krjvSn¡phsc<br />
\nba¯n\p apn sIm−phv ITn\kn£ Dd¸p hcp¯phm³ kÀ¡mÀ<br />
{]XnÚm_²amWv hnhn[ tImSXnIfnepw emâv t_mÀUnbpw emâv<br />
{So_yqWepIfnepw \nehnepÅ \nch[n tIkpIÄ kab _ÔnXambn<br />
XoÀ¸m¡n an¨`qan GsäSpt¡−nbncn¡pp kaql¯nsâ<br />
Xmsg¯«nepÅhÀ¡pw InS¸mSanÃm¯hÀ¡pw Hcp Xp−v `qanbpw Hcp sIm¨p<br />
hoSpw F e£yw km£mXv¡cn¡phm\pÅ Xo{h {ia¯nemWv kÀ¡mÀ.<br />
kwØm\¯nsâ hnhn[ `mK§fnse ]cnØnXn hnt\mZ k©mcw ]ucmWnIw<br />
Fn§s\ {it²b§fmb H«\h[n tI{µ§Ä sIm«mc§Ä tIm«IÄ<br />
XpS§nb Ncn{X kvamcI§Ä Ncn{X]chpw ]pcmhkvXp]chpambn<br />
{]m[m\yapÅ hnhn[ {]tZi§Ä FnhbpsS X\na \ne\nÀt¯−Xnsâ<br />
BhiyIX FSp¯p ]dtb−XnÃ.<br />
`qanimkv{X]chpw ]mcnØnXnIhpw Ncn{X]chpw ]ucmWnIhpambn<br />
kwthZ\£ahpw {]m[m\yw AÀln¡pXpamb tIcf¯nse {]tZi§Ä<br />
kwc£n¡ptXmsSm¸w AhbpsS X\na \ne\nÀ¯pIbpw kpØnc<br />
hnIk\w Dd¸p hcp¯pIbpw th−Xp−v..<br />
]cnØnXn k´pe\w \ne\nÀ¯pIbpw Dd¸phcp¯pIbpw sN¿pw<br />
hn[¯nepÅ \nÀ½mW {]hÀ¯\§Ä Zpc´ \nhmcW¯n\v<br />
A\ptbmPyamWv.<br />
\mev]Xv sImÃw ap¼v Bcw_n¯ do kÀtÆ {]hÀ¯\§Ä ]IpXnt]mepw<br />
]qÀ¯nbmbn«nÃ. Cu ØnXn XpSÀm do kÀtÆ ]qÀ¯nbm¡m³ C\nbpw<br />
Ac \qäm−v IqSn th−nhcpw `qanbpsS {]m[m\yw hÀ²n¨phcp Cs¯<br />
kmlNcy¯n IrXyamb `qtcJIfp−mtI−Xv A\nhmcyamWv.<br />
hyànIÄ¡pw Øm]\§Ä¡pw {]tXyImhiy§Ä¡v ]m«¯n\v<br />
\ÂInbn«pÅ \nch[n G¡À kÀ¡mÀ `qanbp−v. \nÊmc ]m«w \ÂIn<br />
kwØm\¯nsâ k¼¯v Nnescsb¦nepw NqjWw sN¿pIbmWv<br />
]m«¡memh[n Ignbpwapt¼ I]SamÀ¤¯neqsS `qan I¿S¡pItbm<br />
aäpÅhÀ¡v hn¡pItbm sN¿pXpw {i²bnÂs¸«n«p−v. Imemh[n<br />
IgnbpIbpw hyhØIÄ ewLn¨ FÃm ]m«¡cmdpIfpw d±m¡n `qan XncnsI<br />
kÀ¡mcn \n£n]vXamt¡−Xp−v.<br />
BZnhmknIÄ¡v `qan \ÂIp hnjbw kab_ÔnXambn ]qÀ¯nbm¡pw.<br />
2001þse sk³kkv {]Imcw kwkvXm\s¯ BZnhmknIfpsS F®w 364189<br />
BWv. 4.082 DucpIfnembn 80 000t¯mfw BZnhmkn IpSpw_§fmWv DÅXv.<br />
Chcn 22000 IpSpw_§tfmfw `qclnXcmWv. 32000 t¯mfw IpSpw_§Ä¡v<br />
Htc¡dn Xmsg am{Xta `qanbpÅq Hcp IpSpw_¯n\v Npcp§nbXv Htc¡À<br />
hoXw `qan \ÂIWsa¦n 32000 G¡À `qan e`nt¡−Xp−v. Bdf¯n\v<br />
]pdta BZnhmknIÄ¡v A\phZn¡pXn\mbn 19000 G¡À `qan IqSn<br />
Is−¯nbn«ps−¦nepw kp{]ow tImSXn bpsS ]mcnØnXnI A\paXn IqSn<br />
e`n¨mte `qan \ÂIp Imcy¯n Cu kÀ¡mÀ {]XnÚm_²amWv,<br />
kwØm\¯v `qanbnt·epÅ \nt£]w hÀ²n¨p hcpp. km[mcW¡mcnÂ<br />
\npw ]mhs¸«hcn \npw `qan tamlhne \ÂIn hm§n Iq«p emâv<br />
am^nb iàn {]m]n¡pp. Hcp ]nSn k¼cpsS ssIhiw [mcmfw `qan<br />
F¯nt¨cphm\pw kwØm\s¯ hensbmcp `q{]tZiw AhcpsS<br />
\nb{´W¯nemIphm\pw Cu {]hWX hgnsh¡pw. AtXmsS `qanbpsS<br />
hn\ntbmKhpw hn]W\hpw \nb{´n¡pwhn[w Cu KpVkwLw hfÀv
hcphm\pw km[mcW¡mc\pw ]mhs¸«h\pw P·\m«n \nv<br />
B«ntbmSn¡s¸Sm\pw k¼cpsS Hcp ]pXnb kmaqly{Iaw cq]s¸Sphm\pw<br />
CXnSbm¡pw.<br />
tZiob ]cnØnXn \b¯n\\pkcn¨v Hmtcm kwØm\hpw `qhn\ntbmK<br />
\bhpw \nbahpw Bhnjv¡cnt¡−Xp−v. Fm tIcf¯n \mfnXphsc<br />
`qhn\ntbmKs¯¸än \btam \nbtam cq]oIcn¡s¸«n«nÃ. AXn\m ka{Khpw<br />
imkv{Xobhpamb `qhn\ntbmK \bw ASnb´ncambn<br />
cq]oIcnt¡−nbncn¡pp. `£yþsXmgn kpc£bv¡v {]m[m\yw \ÂIn<br />
DbÀ Dev]mZ\ £aXbv¡pw IÀjIsâ BZmbw hÀ²n¸n¡m\pw ]vIrXnbpw<br />
`qanbpw kwc£n¡phm\pw DXIp coXnbnembncn¡Ww `qhn\ntbmK\bw<br />
cq]oIcn¡s¸tS−sXv Kh¬saâv IcpXpp.<br />
\b e£y§Ä<br />
`q]cnjv¡cW \nbahpw N«§fpw kwc£n¨psIm−v ^e{]Zambn<br />
\S¸nem¡pI<br />
kwØm\¯nsâ s]mXphmb \b§fpambn s]mcp¯s¸Sp `q\bw<br />
Bhnjv¡cn¡pI<br />
kwØm\¯n\\ptbmPyamb ka{Khpw, imkv{Xobhpamb<br />
`qhnÚm\kwhn[m\w hnIkn¸n¡pI<br />
imkv{Xob `qhn\ntbmK coXnIÄ Bhnjv¡cn¡pI<br />
kÀ¡mÀ DSaØXbnepÅ `qan kwc£n¡pIbpw ^e{]Zhpw,<br />
bpànklhpamb coXnbn D]bpàam¡pIbpw sN¿pI;<br />
]m«hyhØIfnse A]mIXIÄ ]cnlcn¡pI, hyhØIÄ ewLn¡p ]m«w<br />
d±m¡n `qan Xncns¨Sp¡pI.<br />
`qclnXcÃm¯ kwØm\ambn tIcfs¯ amäpI;<br />
`qclnXÀ¡v Hcp Xp−vv `qan Hcp sIm¨p hoSv F k¦ev]w<br />
km£mXv¡cn¡pI.<br />
`qanbn \npÅ dh\yp hcpam\w hÀ²n¸n¡pI;<br />
B[p\nI kmt¦XnI kwhn[m\§fneqsS tkh\taJe \hoIcn¡pI;<br />
Ahtijn¡p an¨`qan apgph³ GsäSp¯v s]mXpImcy§Ä¡v<br />
\o¡nsh¡pXp Ign¨pÅ `qan AÀlcmbhÀ¡v hnXcWw sN¿pI;<br />
am\pjnI ]cnKW\¡v ap³Xq¡w \ÂIns¡m−pÅ `qan GsäSp¡Â<br />
{]{Inbbv¡v cq]w \ÂIpI.<br />
`qclnX BZnhmkn IpSpw_§Ä¡v `qan \ÂIp \S]Sn kab_ÔnXambn<br />
]qÀ¯nbm¡pI.<br />
01.01.1977 \v ap¼pÅ apgph³ aetbmc IÀjIÀ¡pw ]«bw hnXcWw sN¿pI.
\b XXz§fpw {]mtbmKnI coXnIfpw<br />
`mKw 1<br />
`qhnÚm\ þ hnhc tiJcW kwhn[m\hpw imkv{Xob<br />
`qhn\ntbmK coXnIfpw<br />
A\nb{´nXhpw \nba hncp²hpamb `qhn\ntbmKw aqeapÅ ]mcnØnXnI<br />
{]XymLmX§tfbpw {]IrXn Zpc´§tfbpw AXnPohn¡phm³ imkv{Xob<br />
`qhn\ntbmKs¯¡pdn¨pÅ Aht_m[w hfÀ¯pIbpw ka{Kamb<br />
`qhnÚm\þhnhc tiJcW kwhn[m\w hnIkn¸ns¨Sp¡pIbpw sN¿pI<br />
F e£yt¯msS C\n ]dbp \b]cn]mSnIÄ Bhnjv¡cn¡phm³<br />
Dt±in¡pp.<br />
\nehnepÅ `qhn\ntbmK{Ias¯¡pdn¨v ]T\w \S¯pIbpw,<br />
A]{KYn¡pIbpw sN¿pw.<br />
kÀ¡mcnsâbpw kÀ¡mÀ CXc GP³knIfptSbpw {]hÀ¯\§Ä<br />
GtIm]n¸n¨psIm−v `qhn\ntbmK¯n s]mXpP\§fpsS {]hÀ¯\w<br />
Dd¸phcp¯m³ DXIp bpàamb thZn krjvSn¡pw.<br />
\ZnIfptSbpw ImbepIfptSbpw \oÀ¯S§fptSbpw aäv<br />
Pet{kmXÊpIfptSbpw ^e{]Zamb hn\ntbmK¯n\pw kwc£W¯n\pw<br />
‘X®oÀ¯S hnhctiJcW kwhn[m\’ (Wet<strong>land</strong> Information System) hpw<br />
‘X®oÀ¯S ]cn]me\ kwhn[m\’ (Wet<strong>land</strong> Management System) hpw<br />
cq]oIcn¡pw.<br />
\ZnIÄ, ImbepIÄ, tXmSpIÄ, Pemib§Ä XpS§nbh aen\oIcW¯n\v<br />
\nv apàam¡pw.<br />
kpØnc `qhn\ntbmKs¯¸än Aht_m[w krjvSn¡pXn\pÅ kwØm\Xe<br />
]cnioe\tI{µambn emâv Bâv UnkmÌÀ amt\Pvsaâv C³Ìnäyq«v<br />
hnIkn¸n¡pw.<br />
`uaimkv{X ]T\tI{µ (CESS) ¯nsâ ktlmbt¯msS Cu {]hÀ¯\§Ä<br />
sa¨s¸Sp¯pw.<br />
`qanbpsS ]cnhÀ¯\w IÀi\ambn \nb{´n¡pw.<br />
`qhn\ntbmK cwK¯v ]Icw {]tbmKn¡mhp kmt¦XnI hnZyIÄ<br />
hnIkn¸n¡pw.<br />
tIcf¯nsâ `q{]tZis¯ hnhn[ `qtaJeIfmbn (Land Zones) thÀXncn¨v<br />
A\ptbmPyamb `qhn\ntbmK coXnIÄ Bhnjv¡cn¡pw.<br />
`qhn\ntbmKtaJebn {]hÀ¯n¡p kmt¦XnI KthjW Øm]\§sf<br />
GtIm]n¸n¡pIbpw `qhn\ntbmK¯n ImemIme§fn hcpt¯− amä§Ä<br />
\nÀt±in¡phm\pw D]tZin¡phm\pambn kwØm\ Xe¯n Hcp kanXn<br />
cq]oIcn¡pIbpw sN¿pw.<br />
PnÃIfn `qhn\ntbmK {]hÀ¯\§Ä GtIm]n¸n¡pXn\pw, AhtemI\w<br />
sN¿pXn\pw PnÃmXe AhtemI\ kanXnIÄ cq]oIcn¡pw.
A\nb{´nXamb aW hmcÂ, aWeqäÂ, sNfnsbSp¡Â, IpnSn¡Â, ]md<br />
s]m«n¡Â, hbepIfnepw Pemib§fnepw DÅ A\[nIrX It¿äw Fnh<br />
XSbm\pw Imb \ZoXoc kwc£Ww Dd¸phcp¯m\papÅ \nba<br />
\nÀ½mW§tfmsSm¸w Ch kwc£n¡s¸tS− BhiyIXsb¡pdn¨v<br />
P\§fn Aht_m[w krjvSn¡phm\papÅ {]hÀ¯\§Ä \S¯pw.<br />
kwØm\s¯ \ZnIfpw Pet{kmXÊpIfpw (\oÀNmepIÄ, ImbepIÄ,<br />
ip²PeXSmI§Ä, AgnapJ{]tZi§Ä, s]mbvIIÄ, NXp¸p\ne§Ä<br />
XpS§nbh) kwc£nX taJeIfmbn \nbawaqew {]Jym]n¡pw. kwc£nX<br />
taJebn It¿äw sN¿ptXm \nI¯ptXm aW J\\w \S¯ptXm<br />
aeokam¡ptXm Bb GXp {]hÀ¯nbpw \nbawaqew \ntcm[n¡pXpw<br />
in£mÀlam¡pXpamWv.<br />
ISÂ`n¯nIÂ, ]penap«pIÄ Fn¡p ]pdta ssPhkwc£W coXnIÄ, aäp<br />
cmPy§Ä hnIkn¸ns¨Sp¯ kmt¦XnI hnZyIÄ IqSn D]tbmKn¨psIm−v<br />
XoctZi kwc£Ww Dd¸phcp¯pIbpw IStemc taJebnse It¿ä§Ä<br />
A\[nIrX `qanbnS]mSpIfpw IÀi\ambn \nb{´n¡pIbpw sN¿pw.<br />
`qanimkv{X]camtbm, ]mcnØnXnIamtbm, ImemhØ]camtbm,<br />
Ncn{X]camtbm, ]ucmWnIamtbm, kwthZ\£aamb {]tZi§fpsS<br />
kwc£Ww Dd¸m¡pXn\pw, X\na \ne\nÀ¯pXn\pw, kpØnc hnIk\w<br />
km²yam¡pXn\pwth−n A¯cw {]tZi§Ä kwc£nX {]tZi§fmbn<br />
\ne\nÀ¯pw.<br />
s\¸mS§fpsS kwc£WmÀ°w kwØm\s¯ hyXykvX s\ÂhbÂ<br />
taJeIfpw ]mStiJc§fpw, s\Ãpev]mZ\{]tZi§fmbn {]Jym]n¡pw. Cu<br />
s\¸mS§Ä \nI¯pXpw ]cnhÀ¯\w sN¿pXpw ]cn]qÀ®ambn<br />
\ntcm[n¡pw. hnhn[ PetkN\ ]²XnIfpsS Iogn hcp s\ÂhbepIfpw<br />
]mStiJc§fpw \nI¯mt\m ]cnhÀ¯\w sN¿mt\m A\paXn \ÂIpIbnÃ.<br />
Xcnip`qan hnIk\{]hÀ¯\§Ä XzcnXs¸Sp¯pw<br />
I−¡mSpIÄ, ss]XrI {]m[m\yapÅ ]mdIÄ, ImhpIÄ, Ipf§Ä<br />
FnhbpsS kwc£Ww Dd¸p hcp¯pw.<br />
]mStiJc§fnepw, X®oÀ¯S§fnepw hnIk\{]hÀ¯\§Ä<br />
GsäSp¡pt¼m Ah imkv{Xobhpw ]cnØnXn¡v<br />
A\ptbmPyhpambncn¡psav Dd¸p hcp¯pw.<br />
{XnXe `cW kanXnIfpsS ]¦mfn¯w Dd¸phcp¯n \nba¯nse hyhØIÄ<br />
{]mtZinI Xe¯n \S¸m¡pXn\v hnhn[ hIp¸pItfbpw k²<br />
kwLS\Itfbpw DÄs¸Sp¯n ]mcnØnXnI kwc£Ww Dd¸p hcp¯pw.<br />
`mKw 2<br />
kÀ¡mÀ `qanbpsS kwc£Whpw tkh\ \hoIcWhpw<br />
kwØm\¯nsâ s]mXpkz¯p¡fpsS kwc£I³ F \nebn `qanbpsS<br />
]cn]me\w kÀ¡mcnemWv \n£n]vXambn«pÅXv FXn\m C\n ]dbp<br />
\nba]cn]mSnIÄ Bhnjv¡cn¨v \S¸m¡m\pt±in¡pp.<br />
`q]cnjv¡cW \nbahpw N«§fpw ewLn¨psIm−pÅ `qan ssIamä§Ä<br />
XSbpXn\v IÀi\ \ne]mSpIÂ kzoIcn¡pw.
]pdt¼m¡v `qan, ]m«¯n\v \ÂInbn«pÅ dh\yq `qan t_m«vþC³þemâv (dh\yq<br />
dn¡hdn \nba{]ImcapÅh), an¨ `qan, D]bpàam¡m¯<br />
s]mpwhnes¡Sp¯ `qan, A\yw\n `qan Fn§s\ hnhn[ Xc¯nÂ<br />
kÀ¡mcnsâ ssIhi¯nepÅ `qan kwc£n¡pXn\mbn kwØm\¯v tIcf<br />
tÌäv emâv _m¦v cq]oIcn¡pw.<br />
]«W{]tZi§fnse dh\yq `qan ^e{]Zambn D]bpàam¡pXn\v<br />
A\ntbmPyhpw kÀ¡mcnsâ hcpam\w hÀ²n¸n¡m\pXIpXpamb<br />
coXnbnepÅ ]²XnIÄ Bhnjv¡cn¡pw.<br />
A\ykwØm\§fnepÅ kwØm\ kÀ¡mcnsâ s]mXpkz¯v<br />
kwc£n¡pIbpw ^e{]Zambn hn\ntbmKn¡pbpw sN¿p.<br />
an¨`qan tIkpIÄ kab_ÔnXambn XoÀ¸v I¸n¨v an¨`qan GsäSp¡pw.<br />
dh\yqþh\w hIp¸pIfpsS kwbpà ]cntim[\ ]qÀ¯nbm¡n 01.01.1977 \v<br />
ap¼pÅ apgph³ aetbmc IÀjIÀ¡v ]«bw hnXcWw sN¿pw.<br />
`qclnXÀ¡pw InS¸mSanÃm¯hÀ¡pw, kaql¯nsâ Xmsg¯«nepÅhÀ¡pw<br />
`qanbpw hoSpw \ÂIpw.<br />
`qclnXcmb apgph³ BZnhmkn IpSpw_§Ä¡pw `qan e`yam¡p \S]Sn<br />
kab_ÔnXambn \S¸m¡pw.<br />
BZnhmkn IpSpw_§Ä¡v \ÂIp kÀ¡mÀ `qan ssIamdmXncn¡m\pw<br />
It¿ds¸SmXncn¡pXn\pw IÀi\ \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡pw.<br />
do kÀtÆ {]hÀ¯\§Ä aqp hÀj¯n\pÅn ]qÀ¯nbm¡pw.<br />
dh\yq hIp¸n\v X\Xmb Hcp sh_v sskäv Bcw`n¡pw.<br />
s]mXpP\§fpsS At\zjW§Ä¡pw, kwib ZqcoIcW¯n\pw, ]cmXnIÄ<br />
s_m[n¸n¡pXn\pw tSmÄ {^o knänk¬ ImÄ skâÀ Øm]n¡pw.<br />
kwØm\¯v dh\yq Hm^okpIÄ k¼qÀ®ambn Iw]yq«ÀhXv¡cn¡pIbpw<br />
`qan kw_Ôamb FÃm tcJIfpw sh_vsskän {]kn²oIcn¡pIbpw S«v<br />
kv{Io³ _q¯pIÄ Øm]n¨v `qtcJIÄ ]cntim[n¡m\pw Bhiy¡mÀ¡v<br />
tcJIfpsS ]IÀ¸v FSp¡pXn\papÅ kwhn[m\w GÀs¸Sp¯pIbpw<br />
sN¿pw.<br />
tIcf kwØm\ dh\yq am\ph Imem\pkrXambn ]cnjv¡cn¨v<br />
{]kn²oIcn¡pw.<br />
dh\yq, dPnkvt{Sj³, kÀtÆ hIp¸pIfpsS {]hÀ¯\w ]ckv]cw<br />
_Ôn¸n¡pIbpw GtIm]nXhpw tkht\m·pJhpamb {]hÀ¯\w ImgvN<br />
sh¡m³ Ahsb k²am¡pIbpw sN¿pw.<br />
Hmtcm {]tZit¯bpw `qanbpsS \ymbhne (Fair Value) imkv{Xob amÀ¤§Ä<br />
Ahew_n¨v ImemIme§fn ]p\À\nÀ®bn¡pw.<br />
\nbahncp²ambn `qan hm§n Iq«pXns\bpw `qkz¯v I¿S¡pXnt\bpw<br />
IÀi\ambn XSbm³ \nba \nÀ½mWapÄs¸sSbpÅ \S]SnIÄ<br />
Bhnjv¡cn¡pw.
]«W{]tZi§fnse dh\yq `qan ^e{]Zambn D]bpàam¡pXn\v<br />
A\ptbmPyhpw kÀ¡mcnsâ hcpam\w hÀ²n¸n¡m\pXIpXpamb<br />
coXnbnepapÅ ]²XnIÄ Bhnjv¡cn¡pw.<br />
`mhnbn hyhkmb§Ä DÄs¸sSbpÅ Øm]\§Ä¡v kÀ¡mÀ `qan<br />
A\phZn¡pt¼mÄ DSaØmhImiw kÀ¡mcn \n£n]vXam¡ns¡m−v<br />
IÀi\ hyhØIÄ {]Imcw am{Xambncn¡pw A\phZn¡pI.<br />
tXm«§fnse sXmgnemfnIfpsS sXmgn kpc£nXXzw Dd¸phcp¯pIbpw<br />
tXm«§Ä Xp−p Xp−m¡n hn¡pXpw, aämhiy§Ä¡mbn<br />
]cnhÀ¯\s¸Sp¯pXpw IÀi\ambn XSbpw.<br />
hyàamb a\ZÞ§fpsS ASnØm\¯n ImemIme§fn ]pXp¡n<br />
\nÝbn¡p ]m«¯pI IrXyambn CuSm¡phm\pÅ \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡pw.<br />
]m«hyhØIÄ ]men¡m¯hcpsS ]m«w d±m¡n `qan kÀ¡mcnte¡v<br />
Xncns¨Sp¡pw. ]m«hyhØIfnse A]mIXIÄ ]cnlcn¡pIbpw<br />
]m«\nc¡pIÄ XpS§nb hnhn[Xcw \nIpXnIfpw ^okpIfpw ImtemNnXambn<br />
]cnjv¡cn¡pw.<br />
an¨`qan kab_ÔnXambn GsäSp¡pXn\pw tIkpIÄ<br />
XoÀ¸pI¸n¡pXnse Imehnfw_w Hgnhm¡pXn\pw AÀlXs¸«hÀ¡pÅ<br />
`qan hnXcWw XzcnXs¸Sp¯pXn\pw `q]cnjv¡cW \nba¯n hyhØ<br />
sNbvX {]Imcw dnhyq t_mÀUv cq]oIcn¡pw.<br />
]pdt¼m¡v `qan It¿ä§fn \nv apàam¡pw, ]pdt¼m¡v `qanbnÂ<br />
^ehr£§Ä \«p]nSn¸n¡pIbpw hr£§fn \npÅ BZmbw<br />
hÀjwtXmdpw teew sNbvXv hn¡pIbpw sN¿pw. hnhn[ kÀ¡mtcm^okv<br />
tIm¼u−pIfn Hgnªp InS¡p Øe§fn ^ehr£§fpw,<br />
acppsNSnIfpw \«p]nSn¸n¡pw.<br />
dh\yq Hm^okpIfnse kuIcy§Ä hÀ²n¸n¡pIbpw AhnS§fnÂ<br />
s]mXpP\kulrZ tkh\w Dd¸phcp¯pIbpw sN¿pw.<br />
dh\yq Poh\¡mcpsS Imcy£aXbpw tkh\kuIcyhpw sa¨s¸Sp¯pw.<br />
Ncn{X{]m[m\yapÅ kÀ¡mÀ sI«nS§Ä kwc£nX kvamcI§fmbn<br />
\ne\nÀ¯pw.<br />
XncphnXmwIqdnsebpw, sIm¨nbnsebpw ae_mdnsebpw Ncn{X{]m[m\yapÅ<br />
]gb dh\yq sdt¡mÀUpIÄ UnPnssäkv sNbvXv kwc£n¡pXn\pÅ<br />
]²XnIÄ Bhnjv¡cn¡pw.<br />
kw{KlWw<br />
`qanbpw {]IrXn k¼¯pw hne]nSn¨ s]mXpkz¯mWv. AXym{Klw IqSmsX<br />
AXns\ A\p`hn¡asamWv ]ucmWnI kwkvIrXn \s½ ]Tn¸n¨Xv.<br />
]cn]men¡ptXmsSm¸w hcpw Xeapd¡v IqSn D]ImcamIp coXnbnÂ<br />
{]IrXn k¼¯v AanX NqjW¯n \npw \ioIcW{]hÀ¯\§fnÂ<br />
\npw kwc£n¡s¸SWw. CXn\pÅ {]mYanI NpaXebpw A[nImchpw<br />
\n£n]vXambncn¡pXv `cWm[nImcnIfnemWv. AXn\m `qanbpsS<br />
hn\ntbmKs¯ kw_Ôn¨v hnIk\¯ne[njvTnXambn ImgvN¸mSpw, \bhpw<br />
cq]oIcnt¡−nbncn¡pp.<br />
]pcmX\Imes¯ tIcf¯n `cWm[nImcnIÄ¡v `qanbn GsXmchImhpw<br />
D−mbncpnÃ. Cu \m«nse h\hpw \Znbpw t]mepw kzImcy<br />
k¼¯mbncpp. XncphnXmwIqdntem, sIm¨nbntem, ae_mdntem `qanbpsS
YmÀ° DSaIÄ P\§tfm A[nImcnItfm BbncpnÃ. {]XypX, P·namÀ<br />
DÄs¸sSbpÅ CS¯«pImcmbncpp `qanbpsS ssIImcyIÀ¯m¡Ä.<br />
CXns\Xnsc DbÀph iàamb {]t£m`§fpw {]Xntj[§fpamWv<br />
`q]cnjv¡mc§Ä¡v XpS¡an«Xv. XpSÀv `q]cnjv¡cWsa ImgvN¸mSv<br />
iàns¸SpIbpw sFIytIcf ]ndhntbmsS GIoIrX cq]¯nepÅ<br />
`q]cnjv¡cW¯n\pÅ \S]SnIÄ Bcw`n¡pIbpw sNbvXp.<br />
1979 Â XpS§nsh¨ `q]cnjv¡cWw AXnsâ ]qÀ® AÀ°¯nÂ<br />
\S¸nem¡pI F e£yw ssIhcn¡pIbmWv Cu kÀ¡mcnsâ {]mYanI<br />
]cnKW\. AXn\\pkrXambn Ahtijn¡p an¨`qan apgph³ GsäSp¡m³<br />
\S]SnIfmcw`n¨p Ignªp. AtXmsSm¸w kwØm\¯nsâ s]mXpkz¯v<br />
kwc£n¡pXn hn«phogvNbnÃm¯ \ne]mSmWv kÀ¡mcn\pÅXv.<br />
kwØm\¯nsâ a®pw, shÅhpw {]IrXn hn`h§fpw kwc£n¡phm\pw,<br />
Ah \in¸n¡phmt\m It¿dmt\m NqjW¯n\ncbm¡mt\m Btcbpw<br />
A\phZn¡pIbnà Fv {]Jym]n¡phm\pw A\[nIrX It¿ä§fpw am^nb<br />
CS]mSpIfpw Ahkm\n¸n¨psIm−v `qclnXcmb ]mhs¸«hÀ¡v `qan<br />
\ÂIpXn\pÅ ]²XnIfpw hnIk\ ImgvN¸mSpIfpambn aptm«pt]mIp<br />
kÀ¡mcnsâ {]XnÚm_²X shfnhm¡pIbmWv Cu `q\bw sIm−v<br />
Dt±in¡pXv.<br />
CuZri ImgvN¸mtSmsS X¿mdm¡nb kwØm\ `q\b¯nsâ IcSv cq]amWv<br />
ChnsS AhXcn¸n¡s¸«n«pÅXv. Cu IcSv \btcJ FÃmhcpsSbpw kPoh<br />
NÀ¨IÄ¡v hnjbo`hnt¡−Xpw anIhpä \bw Bhnjv¡cn¡phm³ IqSpXÂ<br />
\nÀt±i§Ä IqSn DÄs¡mÅn¨pIm−pÅ ka{K \b kao]\ tcJbv¡v cq]w<br />
\ÂIWsamWv kÀ¡mÀ Dt±in¡pXv. AsXmsSm¸w \b§fpsS<br />
hnimeamb N«¡qSn\pÅn \npsIm−v Bhiyamb<br />
\nba\nÀ½mW§fpÄs¸sS \S¯ns¡m−v AhbpsS Dt±ie£y§Ä<br />
\ndthäm\pXIp hnhn[ IÀ½ ]²XnIÄ¡v cq]w \ÂIpIbpw thWw.<br />
Xmeq¡v hnIk\ kanXn hntÃPv k`, P\Iob AZme¯pIÄ XpS§nb<br />
P\Iob ]¦mfn¯hpw Poh\¡mcpsS {]Xn_²Xbpw Iq«ntbmPn¸n¨psIm−v<br />
Cu \bw ]qÀ® AÀ°¯n \S¸nem¡m\pÅ klIcWw A`yÀ°n¡pp.<br />
sI.]n. cmtP{µ³<br />
dh\yq hIp¸v a{´n