Lees Thesis Pieter De Grauwe - Vlaamse Regulator voor de Media

Lees Thesis Pieter De Grauwe - Vlaamse Regulator voor de Media Lees Thesis Pieter De Grauwe - Vlaamse Regulator voor de Media

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could only proceed on the basis that initial transmissions (for instance on-demand services as per the making available right) are NOT covered. Moreover, any such evaluation should be based on one of the cornerstones of the CabSat Directive, namely that retransmissions must be simultaneous, unaltered and unabridged. It should be noted that this must also be based on a technical environment that protects the signal against unauthorised access from outside of the retransmission territory. In other words, most cable systems are by their very nature territorial – indeed many are regional. Services deployed over the open internet, which in many cases are inserting advertising in or around the broadcast channels that they are streaming, would by definition not qualify under the terms of the CabSat Directive and would thus be subject to direct licensing.” Wat betreft een herziening van Satcab, is MPA tegen een optie waarbij, “once an online service is licensed in one EU territory, for example the territory with which the service provider is most closely linked, then this license would cover all Community territories. This appears to be a suggestion that the CabSat Directive’s country-oforigin rule for communication to the public by satellite could be extended to the making available right thereby potentially impacting a whole range new on-demand services. It is worth noting that this country-of-origin rule is balanced by the Directive’s recognition of the principle of contractual freedom.” F. Punt van overeenkomst tussen de betrokkenen 6.17. Uit de sterk onderscheiden meningen lijkt toch één punt van overeenkomst te kunnen worden gedistilleerd: het bestaande Satcab regime is verouderd en het toepassingsgebied ervan zou moeten worden uitgebreid naar moderne vormen van gelijktijdige en integrale kabeldoorgifte (technologie-neutraal). G. Nieuw Groenboek van de Europese Commissie 6.18. De Europese Commissie heeft op 13 juli 2011 een nieuw groenboek gepubliceerd met als titel “Green paper on the online distribution of audiovisual works in the European Union: opportunities and challenges towards a digital single market” 130 . Net als het hiervoor besproken discussiestuk “Content in a European Digital Single Market: Challenges for the future”, vormt dit document de basis voor een publieke consultatie of en hoe het regelgevingskader moet worden aangepast. Alle belanghebbende partijen worden opnieuw verzocht hun mening te geven over uiteenlopende aspecten van online distributie van audiovisuele werken. Reacties worden verwacht tegen 18 november 2011. 6.19. Wat betreft Satcab, neemt de Europese Commissie volgende standpunten in: 130 E.C. DG Internal Market, “Green paper on the online distribution of audiovisual works in the European Union: opportunities and challenges towards a digital single market”, COM(2011) 427/4. 87

131 Ibid., 9. 132 Ibid., 14. “The question arises as to whether the technology-specific provisions of the Satellite and Cable Directive need to be reviewed to develop a framework for cross-border retransmission of audiovisual media services that is technology neutral with regard to the delivery platform. It could be argued that in practice this seems to be already applied in part, as broadband operators providing an analogous service – "simultaneous, unaltered and unabridged" retransmission - are included in global arrangements for cable redistribution. On-demand services and web originating streaming services (normally referred to as "webcasting") are excluded. Claims have also been made that rights clearance, under the current rules for cable retransmission in the Satellite and Cable Directive may require multiple transactions with different rights representative organisations, and that there could be a lack of clarity and certainty as to who has the mandate to licence which rights. In this context there has also been some debate around the need to maintain mandatory collective licensing for cable retransmission as opposed to giving freedom to rights owners to license on an individual basis.” 131 Eén van de vragen die wordt gesteld aan de betrokken partijen is als volgt: “What would be the costs and benefits of extending the copyright clearance system for cross-border retransmission of audiovisual media services by cable on a technology neutral basis? Should such an extension be limited to "closed environments" such as IPTV or should it cover all forms of open retransmissions (Simulcasting) over the internet?“ 132 Deze nieuwe consultatieronde lijkt ons niet onmiddellijk veel nieuws aan het licht te zullen brengen. De standpunten van de betrokken partijen zijn in grote lijnen duidelijk geworden in de vorige ronde. Wij kunnen enkel hopen dat deze standpunten nog verder op punt zullen worden gezet en meer naar elkaar toe zullen groeien. Het valt te betwijfelen of dat in het licht van de meest recente rechtspraak inzake kabelrechten het geval zal zijn. De Europese Commissie zal niettemin een gemeenschappelijk draagvlak moeten definiëren en de noodzakelijke wetgevende stappen moeten ondernemen. Mogelijk zal zij eerst de tussenkomst van het Hof van Justitie willen afwachten. 88

131 Ibid., 9.<br />

132 Ibid., 14.<br />

“The question arises as to whether the technology-specific provisions of the Satellite<br />

and Cable Directive need to be reviewed to <strong>de</strong>velop a framework for cross-bor<strong>de</strong>r<br />

retransmission of audiovisual media services that is technology neutral with regard to<br />

the <strong>de</strong>livery platform. It could be argued that in practice this seems to be already<br />

applied in part, as broadband operators providing an analogous service –<br />

"simultaneous, unaltered and unabridged" retransmission - are inclu<strong>de</strong>d in global<br />

arrangements for cable redistribution. On-<strong>de</strong>mand services and web originating<br />

streaming services (normally referred to as "webcasting") are exclu<strong>de</strong>d.<br />

Claims have also been ma<strong>de</strong> that rights clearance, un<strong>de</strong>r the current rules for cable<br />

retransmission in the Satellite and Cable Directive may require multiple transactions<br />

with different rights representative organisations, and that there could be a lack of<br />

clarity and certainty as to who has the mandate to licence which rights. In this context<br />

there has also been some <strong>de</strong>bate around the need to maintain mandatory collective<br />

licensing for cable retransmission as opposed to giving freedom to rights owners to<br />

license on an individual basis.” 131<br />

Eén van <strong>de</strong> vragen die wordt gesteld aan <strong>de</strong> betrokken partijen is als volgt:<br />

“What would be the costs and benefits of extending the copyright clearance system<br />

for cross-bor<strong>de</strong>r retransmission of audiovisual media services by cable on a<br />

technology neutral basis? Should such an extension be limited to "closed<br />

environments" such as IPTV or should it cover all forms of open retransmissions<br />

(Simulcasting) over the internet?“ 132<br />

<strong>De</strong>ze nieuwe consultatieron<strong>de</strong> lijkt ons niet onmid<strong>de</strong>llijk veel nieuws aan het licht te<br />

zullen brengen. <strong>De</strong> standpunten van <strong>de</strong> betrokken partijen zijn in grote lijnen dui<strong>de</strong>lijk<br />

gewor<strong>de</strong>n in <strong>de</strong> vorige ron<strong>de</strong>. Wij kunnen enkel hopen dat <strong>de</strong>ze standpunten nog<br />

ver<strong>de</strong>r op punt zullen wor<strong>de</strong>n gezet en meer naar elkaar toe zullen groeien. Het valt<br />

te betwijfelen of dat in het licht van <strong>de</strong> meest recente rechtspraak inzake kabelrechten<br />

het geval zal zijn. <strong>De</strong> Europese Commissie zal niettemin een gemeenschappelijk<br />

draagvlak moeten <strong>de</strong>finiëren en <strong>de</strong> noodzakelijke wetgeven<strong>de</strong> stappen moeten<br />

on<strong>de</strong>rnemen. Mogelijk zal zij eerst <strong>de</strong> tussenkomst van het Hof van Justitie willen<br />

afwachten.<br />

88

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