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Tjaart Jurgens Maré Doctor Legum Universiteit van die Vrystaat

Tjaart Jurgens Maré Doctor Legum Universiteit van die Vrystaat

Tjaart Jurgens Maré Doctor Legum Universiteit van die Vrystaat

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272<br />

In Faircape Property Developers (Pty) Limited v Premier, Western Cape stel <strong>die</strong> hof dit<br />

soos volg aangaande ʼn verbreking <strong>van</strong> ʼn statutêre verpligting : 592<br />

“It is well established that in general terms the question whether there is a legal duty to<br />

prevent loss depends on a value judgement by the Court as to whether the plaintiff’s<br />

invaded interest is worthy of protection against interference by culpable conduct of the<br />

kind perpetrated by the defendant. The imposition of delictual liability (as Prof Honore<br />

has pointed out) thus required the Court to assess not broad or even abstract<br />

questions of responsibility, but the defendant’s liability for conduct described in<br />

categories fixed by the law.<br />

This process involves the Court applying a general criterion of reasonableness, based<br />

on considerations of morality and policy, and taking into account its assessment of the<br />

legal convictions of the community and now also taking into account the norms, values<br />

and principles contained in the Constitution. Overall, the existence of the legal duty to<br />

prevent loss ‘is a conclusion of law depending on consideration of all the<br />

circumstances of the case’ …. In deciding whether a statutory provision grounds a<br />

claim in damages the determination of the legal convictions of the community must<br />

take account of the spirit, purport and objects of the Constitution ….”<br />

Hier<strong>die</strong> benadering word uitdruklik ook in <strong>die</strong> Carmichele-saak toegepas. 593 Die hof doen<br />

aan <strong>die</strong> hand dat <strong>die</strong> toepassing <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> Handves <strong>van</strong> Menseregte op <strong>die</strong> deliktereg in<br />

casu tot gevolg kan hê dat dié element duideliker en wyer omskryf sal word. Skuld en<br />

juri<strong>die</strong>se kousaliteit sal ook ʼn belangriker aanspreeklikheidsbegrensingsrol behoort te<br />

speel. Maar ʼn behoorlike toepassing <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> delikselemente, soos regters Ackermann en<br />

Goldstone uitwys, behoort ook <strong>die</strong> vrees vir <strong>die</strong> ongebreidelde uitbreiding <strong>van</strong> veral<br />

Staatsaanspreeklikheid (Polisie en staatsaanklaers) te besweer.<br />

Die herwaardering <strong>van</strong> veral <strong>die</strong> inhoud <strong>van</strong> onregmatigheid kan volgens <strong>die</strong><br />

Konstitusionele Hof tot gevolg hê dat bestaande begrippe en norme óf ver<strong>van</strong>g óf uitgebrei<br />

en verryk word deur <strong>die</strong> waardesisteem wat in <strong>die</strong> Grondwet beliggaam word. Die proses<br />

<strong>van</strong> ver<strong>van</strong>ging en verryking <strong>van</strong> bestaande norme moet egter met omsigtigheid hanteer<br />

word. Daarom word aan <strong>die</strong> hand gedoen dat by <strong>die</strong> uitoefening <strong>van</strong> hier<strong>die</strong><br />

ver<strong>van</strong>gingsproses, <strong>die</strong> algemene beginsels wat reeds met betrekking tot <strong>die</strong> redelikheids<br />

– of boni mores (regsoortuigings <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> gemeenskap)-kriterium vir deliktuele<br />

onregmatigheid uitgekristalliseer het, steeds ook in <strong>die</strong> lig <strong>van</strong> dié gees, strekking en<br />

oogmerke <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> Handves – as prima facie-aanduiding beskou kan word <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong><br />

redelikheid al dan nie <strong>van</strong> ʼn handeling. 594 National Media Limited v Bogoshi595 is ʼn goeie<br />

voorbeeld vir hier<strong>die</strong> standpunt, waar <strong>die</strong> Hoogste Hof <strong>van</strong> Appèl strikte aanspreeklikheid<br />

592 2000(2) SA 54 (K) 64-67.<br />

593 Sien bladsy 963A-B <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> Carmichele-saak.<br />

594 Vgl Neethling et al, 2002:23; Neethling, 1998:69.<br />

595 1998(4) SA 1196 (HHA).

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