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Klik hier om die volledige joernaal in PDF-formaat af te laai - LitNet

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5. New York<br />

<strong>LitNet</strong> Akademies Jaargang 9(2), Augustus 2012<br />

In <strong>die</strong> mees<strong>te</strong> Wes<strong>te</strong>rse lande blyk <strong>die</strong> opk<strong>om</strong>s en gewildheid van <strong>die</strong> tableau vivant<br />

gesentreer <strong>te</strong> gewees het <strong>in</strong> <strong>die</strong> vroeë 1830’s tot <strong>die</strong> e<strong>in</strong>de van <strong>die</strong> 19de eeu. Jack McCullough<br />

(1981) se stu<strong>die</strong> van <strong>die</strong> voork<strong>om</strong>s daarvan <strong>in</strong> New York baken <strong>hier</strong><strong>die</strong> dramatiese vorm heel<br />

duidelik <strong>af</strong> tussen “the beg<strong>in</strong>n<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> New York, 1832–1847” (Hoofstuk 2) en “the f<strong>in</strong>al blaze<br />

of glory, 1894–1899” (Hoofstuk 8). In sy deeglike stu<strong>die</strong> (wat ook foto’s van enkele tableaux<br />

vivants <strong>in</strong>sluit) is dit duidelik dat <strong>hier</strong><strong>die</strong> “en<strong>te</strong>rta<strong>in</strong>ment form” redelik gewild was b<strong>in</strong>ne <strong>die</strong><br />

populêre kultuur van <strong>die</strong> tyd:<br />

Thus, by the mid-1840’s, tableaux vivants had bec<strong>om</strong>e a familiar and popular<br />

en<strong>te</strong>rta<strong>in</strong>ment form <strong>in</strong> the New York theatre. In the process, several conventions of<br />

products had been established. Subject mat<strong>te</strong>r <strong>in</strong>cluded not only classic statuary and<br />

familiar pa<strong>in</strong>t<strong>in</strong>gs, but also scenes <strong>in</strong>spired by li<strong>te</strong>rature, historical events, and similar<br />

sources while s<strong>om</strong>e tableaux were <strong>in</strong>corpora<strong>te</strong>d <strong>in</strong>to a dramatic structure, such as<br />

Raphael’s Dream, most were offered for their own sake under generic titles or with<br />

no general title at all. As the representation of pictures and “scenes” rather than<br />

statues became more c<strong>om</strong>mon, there was grea<strong>te</strong>r emphasis on the use of scenery,<br />

light<strong>in</strong>g, and costume. (McCullough 1981:16)<br />

Uit McCullough se stu<strong>die</strong> blyk dit duidelik dat alhoewel sekere tableaux vivants (veral aan<br />

<strong>die</strong> beg<strong>in</strong>) op fisiese en visuele voors<strong>te</strong>ll<strong>in</strong>gs van kunswerke gefokus het (en s<strong>om</strong>s ook<br />

historiese tonele uitgebeeld het), <strong>hier</strong><strong>die</strong> voors<strong>te</strong>ll<strong>in</strong>gs redelik gou net op vroue-uitbeeld<strong>in</strong>gs<br />

met ’n duidelik erotiese en uitlokkende <strong>in</strong><strong>te</strong>nsie gekonsentreer het. ’n Aanduid<strong>in</strong>g van <strong>hier</strong><strong>die</strong><br />

verwikkel<strong>in</strong>g kan <strong>af</strong>gelei word van vele voors<strong>te</strong>ll<strong>in</strong>gs, soos dié wat geti<strong>te</strong>l was “The Three<br />

Graces”, “Scenes fr<strong>om</strong> paradise” (“Adam and Eve as they appeared <strong>in</strong> the Garden of Eden”),<br />

“Titian’s Venus”, “Cleopatra”, “Diana and her Nymphs surprised”, “Esther <strong>in</strong> the Persian hot<br />

bath”, “Venus ris<strong>in</strong>g fr<strong>om</strong> the sea”, en vele ander. Soos wat <strong>hier</strong><strong>die</strong> voors<strong>te</strong>ll<strong>in</strong>gs (meestal<br />

gehou <strong>in</strong> “music halls” wat oorwegend manlike gehore getrek het) al hoe meer gewaagd<br />

geword het, is hulle al hoe meer deur <strong>die</strong> gewone publiek as immoreel beskou en is <strong>die</strong><br />

persone daarby betrokke selfs krag<strong>te</strong>ns openbare-onsedelikheid-wetgew<strong>in</strong>g vervolg. Ten<br />

spy<strong>te</strong> van <strong>hier</strong><strong>die</strong> spann<strong>in</strong>g (<strong>die</strong> “artistic nature” van <strong>die</strong> voors<strong>te</strong>ll<strong>in</strong>gs en <strong>die</strong> “female form<br />

div<strong>in</strong>e” (McCullough 1981:36)) het <strong>die</strong> tableau vivant vir ’n groot deel van <strong>die</strong> 19de eeu ’n<br />

algemene dramatiese vorm b<strong>in</strong>ne populêre vermaak gebly.<br />

Volgens McCullough was <strong>die</strong> tableau vivant op verskeie wyses deel van <strong>die</strong> New Yorkse<br />

<strong>te</strong>a<strong>te</strong>rtoneel <strong>in</strong> <strong>hier</strong><strong>die</strong> tyd:<br />

6. Indonesië<br />

The genre functioned <strong>in</strong> several ways – as <strong>af</strong><strong>te</strong>rpiece or an attraction on a multiple<br />

bill, as part of a play, or as the featured event. Tableaux found their way <strong>in</strong>to the most<br />

respec<strong>te</strong>d theatres as well as the lowliest concert saloons and music halls, and were<br />

even presen<strong>te</strong>d as “society fund-raisers”. (McCullough 1981:143)<br />

754

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