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Maddieson, I. 1995. Sounds of the world’s languages. Oxford: Blackwells. LitNet Akademies Jaargang 9(2), Augustus 2012 Nearey, Terrance M. 1977. Phonetic Feature Systems for Vowels. Proefskrif, Universiteit van Alberta, VSA. Oorgedruk in 1978 deur die Indiana University Linguistics Club. Aanlyn beskikbaar: http://www.ualberta.ca/~tnearey/Nearey1978_compressed.pdf. Nooteboom, S.G. en A. Cohen. 1984. Spreken en verstaan, een inleiding tot de experimentelee fonetiek. Assen: Van Gorcum. Peeters, W.J.M. 1991. Diphthong dynamics. Ongepubliseerde PhD-proefskrif, Rijksuniversiteit, Utrecht. Peterson, G. en H. Barney. 1952. Control methods used in a study of the vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 24:175–84. Pols, L.C.W., H.R.C. Tromp en R. Plomp. 1973. Frequency analysis of Dutch vowels from 50 male speakers. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 53:1093–101. Raubenheimer, H. 1998. Acoustical features of diphthongs in Afrikaans. Ongepubliseerde PhD-proefskrif, Potchefstroomse Universiteit vir Christelike Hoër Onderwys (Noordwes- Universiteit). Rietveld, A. en V. van Heuven. 2009. Algemene fonetiek. Bussum: Coutinho. Schötz, S. 2006. Perception, analysis and synthesis of speaker age. Travaux de linguistique de Lund 47. Lund: The Graduate School of Language Technology. Sluijter, A. en V. van Heuven. 1996. Spectral balance as an acoustic correlate of linguistic stress. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 100(4):2471–85. Syrdal, A.K. en H.S. Gopal. 1986. A perceptual model of vowel recognition based on the auditory representation of American English vowels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 79:1086–100. Thomas, Erik R. 2002. “Instrumental phonetics”. In: J.K. Chambers, Peter Trudgill & Natalie Schilling-Estes (redd.) The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 168 - 200. Thomas, Erik R. and Tyler Kendall. 2007. NORM: The vowel normalization and plotting suite. Aanlynbron: http://ncslaap.lib.ncsu.edu/tools/norm. 14 September 2012 geraadpleeg. Van der Merwe, A., E. Groenewald, D. van Aardt, H.E.C. Tesner en R.J. Grimbeek. 1993. Die formantpatrone van Afrikaanse vokale soos geproduseer deur manlike sprekers. Suid- Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Taalkunde, 11(2):71–9. 739
LitNet Akademies Jaargang 9(2), Augustus 2012 Van der Walt, A.J. en D. Wissing. 2003. Vowelyse. http://www.puk.ac.za/opencms/export/PUK/html/fakulteite/lettere/HLT Resources/Tools/vowelise.html (28 Maart 2011 geraadpleeg). Van Wyk, E.B. 1977. Praktiese fonetiek vir taalstudente: ’n inleiding. Durban: Butterworths. Wells, J. 1982. Accents of English. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Wissing, D. 2005. Die Afrikaanse diftong /E+/: ’n Eksperimentele ondersoek. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 23(3):319–34. —. 2006. Het jou mô en jou pô ’n strondhuis in Hortenbos? Feit of fiksie? Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 24(1):87–100. —. 2007. Gevorderde akoestiese korrelate van klemtoon in Afrikaans. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 25(4):607–24. —. 2010. Oor die status van “oe” in Afrikaans: ’n Akoestiese analise. Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe,50(1):31–49. —. 2011a. Ontronding in Afrikaans. Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe, 51(1):1–20. —. 2011b. Ontronding in Kharkamsafrikaans? http://www.oulitnet.co.za/akademies_geestes/pdf/LA_8_2m_wissing.pdf LitNet Akademies, 8(2):309–30. (12 September 2011 geraadpleeg). SLAAP. http://ncslaap.lib.ncsu.edu/tools/norm/about_normalization1.php (Op 14 Augustus 2012 geraadpleeg). Eindnotas 1 Ek verwys voorts slegs na die 2009-werk. 2 Die tweede vokaal in pitte. Die eerste vokaal is natuurlik ook ’n sjwa, maar is beklemtoon. Sien laer af vir meer besonderhede. 3 Praat is ’n uitgebreide en baie gesofistikeerde fonetiekprogram wat wêreldwyd gebruik word vir veral akoestiese analises. Dit kan gratis afgelaai word; is aanlyn beskikbaar (www.praat.org). Meer oor die funksionaliteit daarvan is beskikbaar op: http://www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat (1 September 2011 geraadpleeg). 4 Laer af word ’n sisteem voorgestel waarvolgens na die verskillende vokale verwys word deur middel van woorde waarin hulle voorkom. 5 Die konsep van frekwensies en die metingseenheid daarvan, Hertz, word laer af bespreek. 740
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