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Klik hier om die volledige joernaal in PDF-formaat af te laai - LitNet

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<strong>LitNet</strong> Akademies Jaargang 9(2), Augustus 2012<br />

environment” – as ’n <strong>om</strong>gew<strong>in</strong>gsdef<strong>in</strong>isie en wys hoe <strong>die</strong> <strong>te</strong>ks <strong>die</strong> onderskeid<strong>in</strong>gs en grense<br />

tussen ’n b<strong>in</strong>ne en ’n bui<strong>te</strong> ophef, <strong>die</strong>selfde wyse as waarop ekologie dit ophef. ’n Mens d<strong>in</strong>k<br />

onmiddellik aan Derrida (1997:158) se bekende “there is no outside-<strong>te</strong>xt”, waardeur <strong>die</strong><br />

gesprek rond<strong>om</strong> deurbrek<strong>in</strong>g, oorskryd<strong>in</strong>g en opskort<strong>in</strong>g van grense voortgesit word. “Signs<br />

are <strong>in</strong><strong>te</strong>rdependent,” sê Morton (2010:2) en “[t]he exis<strong>te</strong>nce of a sign implies coexis<strong>te</strong>nce<br />

with other signs” waardeur semiotiese <strong>in</strong><strong>te</strong>r<strong>af</strong>hanklikheid, soos ekologiese <strong>in</strong><strong>te</strong>r<strong>af</strong>hanklikheid,<br />

bevestig word. Teks en <strong>om</strong>gew<strong>in</strong>g sluit alle verskynsels en hul onderskeie velde en<br />

tussenvelde <strong>in</strong>. “Look<strong>in</strong>g at life forms is never look<strong>in</strong>g at the here and now, and never<br />

look<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> one place; they are palimpsests of displacements and rewrit<strong>in</strong>gs and i<strong>te</strong>rations”<br />

(Morton 2010:5). En verder: as ons na lewensvorme kyk, ontdek ons <strong>te</strong>kstuali<strong>te</strong>it en<br />

verhoud<strong>in</strong>gs.<br />

Morton (2010:4) voer sy argument verder deur aan <strong>te</strong> voer: “For truly empiricism is the study<br />

of relationships between th<strong>in</strong>gs, and of th<strong>in</strong>gs as sets of relationships, rather than solid<br />

seem<strong>in</strong>g objects separa<strong>te</strong>d by empty seem<strong>in</strong>g space.” Fraksies bied dan, volgens h<strong>om</strong>, ’n<br />

ander manier <strong>om</strong> oor ma<strong>te</strong>rie <strong>te</strong> d<strong>in</strong>k: “Ma<strong>te</strong>rial organization turns out to be sets of formal<br />

relationships, not palpable stuff” (Morton 2010:5).<br />

Die oorspronklike fraksie, <strong>die</strong> Cantor-fraksie, word <strong>te</strong>weeggebr<strong>in</strong>g deur <strong>die</strong> aanhoudende<br />

verwyder<strong>in</strong>g van <strong>die</strong> middels<strong>te</strong> derde van ’n lyn, tot <strong>in</strong> <strong>die</strong> one<strong>in</strong>digheid, en uitgedruk as ’n<br />

algoritme. “What rema<strong>in</strong>s is Cantor dust, a set of <strong>in</strong>f<strong>in</strong>ity po<strong>in</strong>ts and <strong>in</strong>f<strong>in</strong>ity no-po<strong>in</strong>ts – two<br />

<strong>in</strong>f<strong>in</strong>ities” (Morton 2010:4). En fraksies produseer struktuur. Die verband <strong>hier</strong>van met <strong>die</strong><br />

ekologie word só deur Morton (2010:4) uitgedruk:<br />

Kris<strong>te</strong>va, a mathematician, should be <strong>in</strong><strong>te</strong>res<strong>te</strong>d <strong>in</strong> how forms we used to see as<br />

“natural”, <strong>in</strong>habit<strong>in</strong>g a realm “outside” culture, a realm that is chaotic or unstructured,<br />

are <strong>in</strong> fact highly ordered when considered as i<strong>te</strong>rations of fractal algorithms. […]<br />

Thus blood vessels, leaves, branches, forests and cancer cells have a fractal<br />

dimensionality.<br />

’n Algoritme is dus niks anders nie as ’n “<strong>te</strong>ks” waar<strong>in</strong> <strong>die</strong> funksies van ma<strong>te</strong>rie en van<br />

lewensvorme <strong>in</strong>gebed is. Vandaar Morton se konsep van ekologie as <strong>te</strong>ks en <strong>te</strong>ks as ekologie.<br />

Uit <strong>die</strong> voorgaande is dit veral duidelik wat<strong>te</strong>r belangrike rol samehang en verhoud<strong>in</strong>gs b<strong>in</strong>ne<br />

<strong>die</strong> ekokritiek speel.<br />

3. Ekopoësie<br />

As uitvloeisel van ekokritiek ontstaan <strong>die</strong> <strong>te</strong>rre<strong>in</strong> wat as ekopoësie bekendstaan. Die <strong>te</strong>rme<br />

ecopoetry en ecopoetics word oorspronklik <strong>in</strong> ’n aantal kritiese <strong>te</strong>ks<strong>te</strong> voorges<strong>te</strong>l, waaronder<br />

Ecopoetry: A critical <strong>in</strong>troduction deur J. Scott Bryson. Hy def<strong>in</strong>ieer ekopoësie só:<br />

Ecopoetry is a subset of nature poetry, that, while adher<strong>in</strong>g to certa<strong>in</strong> conventions of<br />

r<strong>om</strong>anticism, also advances beyond that tradition and takes on dist<strong>in</strong>ctly<br />

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