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Klik hier om die volledige joernaal in PDF-formaat af te laai - LitNet

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<strong>LitNet</strong> Akademies Jaargang 9(2), Augustus 2012<br />

Vermeulen, W., O.L. La<strong>te</strong>gan en R. Litheko, R. 2011. The research process. Bloemfon<strong>te</strong><strong>in</strong>:<br />

Sun Media.<br />

Warner, M. 2002. Wan<strong>te</strong>d: A def<strong>in</strong>ition of <strong>in</strong><strong>te</strong>lligence. Stu<strong>die</strong>s <strong>in</strong> In<strong>te</strong>lligence, 46(3):15–22.<br />

Warwick, C., M. Terras, I. Gal<strong>in</strong>a, P. Hunt<strong>in</strong>gton en N. Pappa. 2008. Library and <strong>in</strong>formation<br />

resources and users of digital resources <strong>in</strong> the humanities. Program: Electronic Library and<br />

Information Sys<strong>te</strong>ms, 42(1):5–27.<br />

Wilden, A. 1980. Sys<strong>te</strong>m and structure: Essays <strong>in</strong> c<strong>om</strong>munication and exchange. New York:<br />

Tavistock.<br />

Young, R. (red.) 1981. Unty<strong>in</strong>g the <strong>te</strong>xt: A post-structuralist reader. Boston: Routledge &<br />

Kegan.<br />

Žižek, S. 2004. What Rumsfeld doesn’t know that he knows about Abu Ghraib. 21 Mei.<br />

http://www.lacan.c<strong>om</strong>/zizekrumsfeld.htm (1 November 2011 geraadpleeg).<br />

E<strong>in</strong>dnotas<br />

1 User <strong>in</strong><strong>te</strong>rface.<br />

2 Vir meer <strong>in</strong>ligt<strong>in</strong>g oor <strong>die</strong> li<strong>te</strong>rêre sis<strong>te</strong>em, sien Senekal (1987), Even-Zohar (1990), Ven<strong>te</strong>r<br />

(2002), Ven<strong>te</strong>r (2006) en Van Coller en Odendaal (2008).<br />

3 Volgens Warner (2002:21–2) lê <strong>die</strong> onderskeid tussen <strong>in</strong><strong>te</strong>lligensie en <strong>in</strong>ligt<strong>in</strong>g eerder <strong>in</strong> <strong>die</strong><br />

aspek van geheimhoud<strong>in</strong>g wat ’n <strong>in</strong><strong>te</strong>grale deel van eersgenoemde is. Treverton e.a. (2006:7)<br />

noem eg<strong>te</strong>r dat geheimhoud<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> <strong>die</strong> hedendaags<strong>te</strong> opset nie meer so s<strong>te</strong>rk beklemtoon word<br />

nie. ’n Beduidende hoeveelheid data b<strong>in</strong>ne militêre <strong>in</strong><strong>te</strong>lligensie k<strong>om</strong> ook van sogenaamde<br />

oop bronne – <strong>in</strong>ligt<strong>in</strong>g wat <strong>in</strong> <strong>die</strong> openbare d<strong>om</strong>e<strong>in</strong> beskikbaar is.<br />

4 ’n Verdere belangrike ooreenk<strong>om</strong>s tussen akademiese navors<strong>in</strong>g en <strong>in</strong><strong>te</strong>lligensie is dat ’n<br />

ui<strong>te</strong><strong>in</strong>delike verbruiker (kliënt) <strong>die</strong> <strong>in</strong><strong>te</strong>lligensieproduk sal gebruik, maar dat <strong>in</strong><strong>te</strong>lligensie<br />

(soos akademiese navors<strong>in</strong>g) strewe na objektiwi<strong>te</strong>it: “The realm of <strong>in</strong><strong>te</strong>lligence is that of<br />

‘fact’, considered judgment, and probability, but not prescription” (Krizan 1999:17).<br />

In<strong>te</strong>lligensie, soos akademiese navors<strong>in</strong>g, is dus nie veronders<strong>te</strong>l <strong>om</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>die</strong>ns <strong>te</strong> staan van<br />

politieke oorweg<strong>in</strong>gs nie, maar is veronders<strong>te</strong>l <strong>om</strong> na <strong>die</strong> objektiewe oorweg<strong>in</strong>g van <strong>in</strong>ligt<strong>in</strong>g<br />

<strong>te</strong> streef. Ui<strong>te</strong>raard word <strong>die</strong> verwerk<strong>in</strong>gsfase direk beïnvloed deur <strong>die</strong> navorser se<br />

persoonlike voorkeure, verwys<strong>in</strong>gsraamwerk en we<strong>te</strong>nskaplike paradigma – kortweg: sy<br />

menslikheid (Mouton en Marais 1990:10–2). Krizan (1999:36–8) gee ’n ui<strong>te</strong>ensett<strong>in</strong>g van<br />

verskillende ka<strong>te</strong>gorieë van vooroordele en wanopvatt<strong>in</strong>gs wat <strong>die</strong> e<strong>in</strong>dresultaat beïnvloed,<br />

maar <strong>hier</strong> word daarmee volstaan <strong>om</strong> <strong>te</strong> noem dat <strong>in</strong><strong>te</strong>lligensie, soos akademiese navors<strong>in</strong>g,<br />

streef na objektiwi<strong>te</strong>it, maar dat <strong>die</strong> menslike k<strong>om</strong>ponent altyd s<strong>te</strong>eds relevant bly.<br />

5<br />

Hier<strong>die</strong> diagram is aangepas vanuit Pirolli en Card (2005:2) en beskryw<strong>in</strong>gs verwys dus na<br />

hulle gebruik van <strong>te</strong>rm<strong>in</strong>ologie.<br />

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