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LitNet Akademies Jaargang 9(2), Augustus 2012 Visualisasie skep die geleentheid om groot hoeveelhede data met ’n enkele oogopslag te bekyk, waarna afleidings gemaak kan word of tendense indringender ondersoek en verklaar kan word. Dit kan tendense en patrone oopvlek wat verdere navorsing prikkel wanneer vrae uitgewys word wat voorheen nie eens gevra is nie – Rumsfeld se “unknown unknowns”. Ook lei die integrasie van visualiseringshulpmiddele binne die sinmakingskringloop van die intelligensieproses tot die terugkeer na bronmateriaal: Hoekom die skerp styging in vermeldings van Leroux in Stilet 16(1), of die migranteliteratuur in 22(1)? Alhoewel visualisasie dus op kwantitatiewe metodes berus, bespoedig dit ook kwalitatiewe navorsing, aangesien minder tyd spandeer kan word om tendense te identifiseer, wat meer tyd beskikbaar stel om tendense te ontleed en te verklaar. In toekomstige navorsing kan literatuurgeskiedenisse vir hierdie doeleindes gedigitaliseer word, sodat skrywers se literêre prestige oor die jare wetenskaplik objektief, verifieerbaar, en herhaalbaar bestudeer kan word – ’n “harde”, kwantitatiewe benadering tot geesteswetenskaplike navorsing. 6. Verspreiding Verspreiding behels die finalisering van die sogenaamde intelligensieproduk (gewoonlik ’n verslag) en die aflewering daarvan by die “kliënt”. Binne ’n akademiese opset beteken verspreiding natuurlik die publikasie en disseminasie van navorsing, maar aangesien die klem in hierdie artikel op versameling en verwerking val, en aangesien e-pos en woordverwerkingsprogrammatuur alombekend is, word hier volstaan met om te noem dat inligtingstegnologie in hierdie fase reeds in ’n groot mate in algemene gebruik is. 7. Ten slotte Treverton, Jones, Boraz en Lipscy (2006:25) voer aan: “If it is to stay relevant, intelligence needs to be like human vision – binocular, providing depth to what we can be seen in front; and peripheral, which provides warning.” Die skrywers voer dus aan dat inligting dieper en wyer ontleed behoort te word binne ’n militêre-intelligensie-konteks, maar dieselfde geld vir akademiese navorsing en ook die studie van die letterkunde. Veral die sisteemteorie poog om breër na die letterkunde te kyk, wat noodwendig beteken dat groter datastelle meer oorsigtelik beskou moet word, en veral hiervoor is inligtingstegnologie bowenal geskik, spesifiek progammatuur binne SNA. Hierdie artikel het idees vanuit militêre intelligensie, veral die intelligensieproses/-siklus en data-ontginning en -visualisasie benut ten einde aan te toon hoe navorsing met inligtingstegnologie geïntegreer kan word. Veral Pirolli en Card (1999) se siening van die navorser/ontleder as ’n “inligtingsroofdier” is ’n bruikbare manier om na navorsing te kyk binne die huidige universitêre opset, waar begrotings en tyd al hoe meer beperk word: meer uitsette kan gelewer word met ’n kleiner inset, mits inligtingstegnologie aangewend word. 493
LitNet Akademies Jaargang 9(2), Augustus 2012 Ek hoop dat hierdie artikel verdere aanwending van inligtingstegnologie sal aanwakker sodat navorsingsuitsette van Afrikaanse akademici sal toeneem, en ook dat die gebruik van inligtingstegnologie tot nuwe insigte binne die Afrikaanse akademiese studie in die geesteswetenskappe sal lei. 11 Bibliografie Aldrich, R.J. 2009. Beyond the vigilant state: Globalisation and intelligence. Review of International Studies, 35:889–902. Athenikos, S.J. 2009. Interactive visualization and exploration of information on philosophers (and artists, scholars and scientists) in an e-learning portal for Digital Humanities. Symposium on Interactive Visual Information Collections and Activity (IVICA). Austin, 19 Junie. http://research.cis.drexel.edu:8080/sofia/pub/IVICA2009_Paper.pdf (27 Februarie 2012 geraadpleeg). Besser, H. 2004. The past, present, and future of digital libraries. In Schreibman e.a. (reds.) 2004. Biermann, J., R. Korsnes, J. Rohmer en C. Ündeger. 2004. From unstructured to structured information in military intelligence – some steps to improve information fusion. Ongepubliseerde referaat gelewer by RTO SCI Symposium on Systems, Concepts and Integration (SCI) Methods and Technologies for Defence Against Terrorism. RTO-MP-SCI- 158. Bingham, A. 2010. The digitization of newspaper archives: Opportunities and challenges for historians. Twentieth Century British History, 21(2):225–31. Black, E.W. 2008. Wikipedia and academic peer review: Wikipedia as a recognised medium for scholarly publication? Online Information Review, 32(1):73–88. Block, M. 2002. My rules of information, ExLibris, 10(1). http://infotoday.com/searcher/jan02/block.htm (4 Januarie 2012 geraadpleeg). Borgman, C.L. 2010. The digital future is now: A call to action for the humanities. Digital Humanities Quarterly, 3(4):1–30. Bose, R. 2008. Competitive intelligence process and tools for intelligence analysis. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 108(4):510–28. Brei, W.S. 1996. Getting intelligence right: The power of logical procedure. Geleentheidspublikasie Nommer Twee. Washington: Joint Military Intelligence College. Ceruti, M.G. en S.J. McCarthy. 2000. Establishing a data-mining environment for wartime event prediction with an object-oriented command and control database. Derde IEEE 494
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