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LitNet Akademies Jaargang 9(2), Augustus 2012
intelligence analysis programs are tested and discussed, while cheaper (and free) civilian
versions are also used to describe the benefits of integrating these for research purposes.
Treverton et al. (2006:25) write, “If it is to stay relevant, intelligence needs to be like human
vision – binocular, providing depth to what we can be seen in front; and peripheral, which
provides warning.” The authors thus argue that information should be analysed deeper and
wider within a military intelligence context, but the same applies to academic research and
the study of literature.
Especially within systems theory, attempts have been made to study literature in a broader
capacity, which necessarily means that larger data sets have to be considered. Within this
paradigm, information technology is particularly suitable, especially SNA and other forms of
visualisation. Visualisation creates the opportunity to analyse large amounts of data at a
single glance, after which conclusions can be drawn and trends can be investigated in greater
depth. It can expose features and patterns that can stimulate further research when questions
are identified that were not even asked previously. Although visualisation is therefore based
on quantitative methods, it also speeds up and facilitates qualitative research, as less time
spent on identifying trends translates into more time becoming available to analyse and
explain trends.
This view is akin to Pirolli and Card’s (1999) concept of the researcher/analyst as an
"information predator": within the current academic setting, where budgets and time become
more and more limited, greater output can be generated in a more cost-effective manner,
provided that information technology is used across the entire research platform, over and
above the ability of information technology to make a qualitative contribution to research.
The article takes Senekal’s (2011) suggestions to fruition by using digital publications for
new research. Ultimately the article argues for a full-spectrum integration of information
technology in academic research activities, illustrating its potential with a few examples
whereby trends within the Afrikaans literary system are provisionally identified and
represented visually. However, the article makes no literary claims in itself: it merely
suggests avenues in which information technology could be employed to conduct research in
Afrikaans literature in the 21st century.
Keywords: military intelligence; social network analysis; SNA; visualisation; data mining;
Afrikaans literary system; humanities research
1. Inleiding
[T]here are known knowns; there are things we know we know.
We also know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are some
things we do not know.
But there are also unknown unknowns – the ones we don't know we don't know.
Hierdie stelling is in 2002 deur Donald Rumsfeld, destyds die Amerikaanse minister van
verdediging, gemaak met verwysing na sogenaamde massavernietigingswapens in die
aanloop tot die inval van Irak. Alhoewel heelwat spot gedryf is met hom hieroor, het hy ’n
bekende probleem rondom inligting geformuleer, naamlik dat daar heelwat inligting is
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