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LitNet Akademies Jaargang 9(2), Augustus 2012 Antimikrobiese nanovesels vir waterbehandeling: poli(vinielalkohol)- en poli(akrielonitriel)-nanovesels met silwer-nanopartikels Opsomming Danielle du Plessis, Marelize Botes, Leon Milner Theodore Dicks, Thomas Eugene Cloete Danielle du Plessis: Departement Biochemie, Universiteit Stellenbosch Marelize Botes, Leon Milner Theodore Dicks en Thomas Eugene Cloete: Departement Mikrobiologie, Universiteit Stellenbosch Daar moet verbeter word op bestaande watersuiweringsmetodes ten einde mikrobiologies veilige en bekostigbare drinkwater te verskaf. Nanovesels word reeds gebruik in waterfiltrasiesisteme en nanofiltrasie mag selfs as ’n alternatief vir biosiede gebruik word. Verskeie variasies van nanovesels met biosiede is in die onlangse literatuur omskryf. Omdat nanovesels met antimikrobiese aktiwiteit ’n relatief nuwe studieveld is, is nog weinig studies gewy aan die uiteensetting van praktiese standaardmetodes vir antimikrobiese-aktiwiteitbepaling. Die aktiwiteit van antimikrobiese vesels word oor die algemeen met plaattellings van kolonievormende eenhede (KVE) bepaal. Hierdie metode bepaal ’n afname in die getal kweekbare patogeniese selle teenwoordig. Die hoofdoel van hierdie studie was om ’n vinnige, maklik uitvoerbare en akkurate toets te ontwikkel om die aktiwiteit van antimikrobiese nanovesels te bepaal. Trefwoorde: Watersuiwering; antimikrobies; nanotegnologie; nanovesels; filtrasie Uitgebreide Opsomming In die moderne ontwikkelde lande word gesuiwerde, veilige drinkwater wat maklik bekombaar is, as vanselfsprekend aanvaar. Antieke beskawings was lank reeds bewus van metodes om ontslae te raak van die ongewenste reuke, geure en voorkoms van besoedelde water. Antieke Sanskrit- en Griekse rekords van so vroeg as 4 000 v.C. dui op die gebruik van filtrasie deur koolstof, blootstelling aan sonlig en die kook van water om dit veilig te maak vir gebruik. Aanvanklik was die hoofdryfkrag agter watersuiwering die verwydering van sigbare troebelheid. Dit was eers eeue later, in 1855, dat die epidemioloog John Snow bewys het dat ’n cholera-uitbraak sy oorsprong gehad het in ’n waterput in Londen wat met riool besoedel was. Hierna het Louis Pasteur in 1880 verklaar dat mikroskopiese organismes siektes deur water kan oordra. In die vroeë 1900's was die meeste watersuiweringsmetodes op filtrasie gebaseer, maar dit was eers in 1908, toe chloor vir die eerste keer as ’n ontsmettingsmiddel in water gebruik is, dat daar ’n merkbare afname in die aantal uitbrake van waterverwante siektes was. 25
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