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LitNet Akademies Jaargang 9(2), Augustus 2012 51 Law Society of South Africa v Minister of Transport 2011 2 BCLR 150 (KH), 2011 1 SA 400 (KH) par. 37. My kursivering. Die stelling is nie gemaak met verwysing na die reg op gelykheid nie, maar met verwysing na die rasionele-verband-toets as sowel ’n aspek van die rule of law as ’n fundamentele waarde in Grondwet art. 1. I.v.m. die gekursiveerde gedeelte moet daarop gewys word dat die begrip proporsionaliteit gewoonlik vertolk word om “afweging” of “balansering” in te sluit. Die rasionele-verband-toets in sy eenvoudigste vorm behels nie so ’n “afweging” of “balansering” nie. Lundmark (2008:116) verduidelik: “In theory, this level of review involves no balancing whatsoever: the ends are either lawful or unlawful; the means chosen are either aimed at reaching the ends, or they are not.” Die woord proporsionaliteit kom nie in art. 36 voor nie. Dit is ’n begrip wat beteken dat verskillende oorwegings (argumentshalwe die regte wat beperk word teenoor die doel met die beperking) teen mekaar opgeweeg word om te sien watter daarvan onder die bepaalde omstandighede die swaarste weeg. So ’n proses moet inderdaad ingevolge art. 36 plaasvind, maar proporsionaliteit is nie die begin en einde van die toepassing van art. 36 nie. Daar is nie ’n algemene afwegingsgebod in art. 36 nie, en om in te lees dat art. 36 slegs oor proporsionaliteit gaan en niks anders nie, kom neer op ongemotiveerde en willekeurige uitleg. Die rasionele-verband-toets, wat niks anders kan wees as ’n toets vir die beperking van regte nie, sluit, soos hier bo verduidelik, nie “balansering’ in nie. Dit is dus verkeerd (soos die konstitusionele hof by geleentheid gesê het) dat die rasionele-verband-toets niks met art. 36 te doen het nie, want art. 36 bevat ’n proporsionaliteitstoets en die rasionele-verband-toets is nie so ’n toets nie (sien First National Bank v CIR: First National Bank v Minister of Finance 2002 7 BCLR 702 (KH), 2002 4 SA 768 (KH) par. 5). 52 National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Equality v Minister of Justice 1998 12 BCLR 1517 (KH), 1999 1 SA 6 (KH) par. 18. Sien ook Mvumvu v Minister of Transport 2011 5 BCLR 488 (KH), 2011 2 SA 473 (KH) par. 26. 53 Krüger (2011:287). 54 1998 12 BCLR 1517 (KH), 1999 1 SA 6 (KH) par. 26. 55 Die Harksen-saak par. 51. 56 Wesson (2010:296). 57 Krüger (2011: 488–9). 58 Sien par. 4.3 hier onder. 59 Le Roux v Dey 2011 6 BCLR 577 (KH), 2011 3 SA 274 (KH) par. 185–91. 60 Sien Naguib (2012:179–94). 61 Sien bv. Mvumvu v Minister of Transport 2011 5 BCLR 488 (KH), 2011 2 SA 473 (KH) par. 25. 62 Harksen v Lane 1997 11 BCLR 1489 (KH), 1998 1 SA 300 (KH) par. 51(b). Beklemtoning bygevoeg. 63 Krüger (2011:497–501). Sien ook Wesson (2008:281–9). 262
LitNet Akademies Jaargang 9(2), Augustus 2012 64 Krüger (2011:498–9). Die voetnootverwysings is uitgelaat in hierdie aanhaling. Vn. 108 van Krüger se artikel bevat volledige verwysings na die gepubliseerde bydraes van deelnemers aan die debat. 65 Krüger (2011:501–2). 66 1998 3 BCLR 257 (KH), 1998 2 SA 363 (KH) par. 81. 67 2011 5 BCLR 488 (KH), 2011 2 SA 473 (KH) par. 33–4. 68 Prinsloo v Van der Linde 1997 6 BCLR 759 (KH), 1997 3 SA 1012 (KH) par. 24. 69 Ackermann (2006:559). 70 Krüger (2011:502). 71 Stern en Becker (2010:336) verduidelik: “Jeder Akt der öffentlichen Gewalt zeichnet sich in bestimmter Hinsicht durch Differenzierungen oder deren Fehlen aus und könnte darum einer gleichrechtlichen Kontrolle unterworfen werden; daneben, kommt vor allem in Bereich der Eingriffsverwaltung und -gesetzgebung vielfach eine Beeinträchtigung von Freiheitsgrundrechten in Betracht.” 72 Die debatte wat in die Duitse reg gevoer word oor die vraag of “onaantasbare” menswaardigheid wat in art. 1 van die Duitse Grondwet as die grondslag van alle ander regte aangedui word, ’n afsonderlike reg is (sien bv. die oorsig in Stern en Becker 2010:108–21), is waarskynlik nie relevant vir ons doeleindes nie; in Grondwet art. 10 word die reg op menswaardigheid uitdruklik as ’n afsonderlike reg gewaarborg. Dit is nie moontlik om so ’n uitdruklike bepaling “weg te redeneer” nie. 73 Sien bv. Dawood; Shalabi; Thomas v Minister of Home Affairs 2000 8 BCLR 837 (KH), 2000 3 SA 936 (KH) par. 35; Bhe v Magistrate Kayelitsha; Sibi v Sithole; SA Human Rights Commission v President of the RSA 2005 1 BCLR 1 (KH), 2005 1 SA 580 (KH) par. 48. 74 S v Makwanyane 1995 6 BCLR 665 (KH), 1995 3 SA 391 (KH) par 271; Prinsloo v Van der Linde 1997 6 BCLR 759 (KH), 1997 3 SA 1012 (KH) par. 31. 75 Krüger (2011:505–12). 76 Sien bv. Coetzee v Government of the RSA; Matiso v Commanding Officer, Port Elizabeth Prison 1995 10 BCLR 1382 (KH), 1995 4 SA 631 (KH) par. 10; Dawood; Shalabi; Thomas v Minister of Home Affairs 2000 8 BCLR 837 (KH), 2000 3 SA 936 (KH) par. 35; Minister of Home Affairs v Watchenuka 2004 2 BCLR 120 (HHA), 2004 4 SA 326 (HHA) par. 27; Le Roux v Dey 2011 6 BCLR 577 (KH), 2011 3 SA 274 (KH) par. 141. 77 Sien in lg. verband, Dendy v University of the Witwatersrand 2007 8 BCLR 910 (HHA) par. 18, 24. 78 Die kompromis wat volgens Ackermann R in die Prinsloo-saak bereik is, was ’n goeie kompromis en behoort gestand gedoen te word. 263
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