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LitNet Akademies Jaargang 9(2), Augustus 2012 17 Sien t.o.v. die Suid-Afrikaanse handves o.a. National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Equality v Minister of Justice 1998 12 BCLR 1517 (KH), 1999 1 SA 6 (KH) par. 114; Gcaba v Minister of Safety and Security 2010 1 BCLR 35 (KH) par. 53–4; Offit Enterprises (Pty) Ltd v Coega Development Corporation (Pty) Ltd 2011 1 SA 293 (KH) par. 36. 18 Grondwet artt. 9–35. 19 Grondwet artt. 7, 8, 36–9. 20 Louw (1958:83). 21 Sien par. 3.4 hier onder. 22 Neethling en Potgieter (2012, par. 2). 23 ’n Handves van regte skep geen pligte wat nie die een of ander menslike belange of optrede beskerm nie. Dit is ook waar van alle administratiefregtelike en strafprosesregtelike prosedurele waarborge en selfs ook van die regte t.o.v. die omgewing in die Grondwet art. 24. Lg. is ’n reg van “elkeen” vir die beskerming van sy of haar gesondheid en welsyn (art. 24(a)) en vir omgewingsbeskerming ter wille van “huidige en toekomstige geslagte” (art. 24(b)). 24 Gerards (2005:12). 25 Die artikel is ingevoeg om die litigasie wat in die VSA oor dekades gevoer is oor die vraag of regstellende optrede omgekeerde diskriminasie is, uit te skakel. 26 Daar is ook ander regte wat geformuleer is as algemene regte met verdere spesifieke verwysings na besondere verskyningsvorme van die algemene reg, bv. Grondwet artt. 12, 14, 16(1). 27 Sien par. 4.3. hier onder. 28 Soos deur die konstitusionele hof bevestig in o.a. Brink v Kitshoff 1996 6 BCLR 752 (KH), 1996 4 SA 197 (KH) par. 44; President of the RSA v Hugo 1997 6 BCLR 708 (KH), 1997 4 SA 1 (KH) par. 105; National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Equality v Minister of Justice 1998 12 BCLR 1517 (KH), 1999 1 SA 6 (KH) par. 33. 29 Grondwet art. 36(1)(a)–(e). 30 Vir meer besonderhede, sien Rautenbach (2011, par. 1A47(a)). 31 Sien egter First National Bank v CIR; First National Bank v Minister of Finance 2002 7 BCLR 702 (KH), 2002 4 SA 768 (KH) par. 65. 32 Sien par. 5 stap 3 hier onder. 33 Sien par. 3.2 hier bo. 260
LitNet Akademies Jaargang 9(2), Augustus 2012 34 Weaver e.a. (reds.) (2011:760). Sien i.v.m. die toepassing van verskillende standaarde op verskillende soorte differensiëring in die Duitse reg, Grünberger (2012:97). 35 Grondwet art. 36(1)(a) en (c). 36 1995 12 BCLR 1579 (KH), 1996 1 SA 388 (KH) par. 18 (kursivering bygevoeg). Sien ook Christian Education SA v Minister of Education 2000 10 BCLR 1051 (KH) par. 512; S v Lawrence; S v Negal; S v Solberg 1997 10 BCLR 1348 (KH), 1997 4 SA 1176 (KH) par. 168. 37 Sien par. 5 stap 3 hier onder. 38 Jooste v Score Supermarket Trading (Pty) Ltd 1999 2 BCLR 139 (KH), 1999 2 SA 1 (KH) par. 16. 39 Gunther (1992:276). 40 411 U.S. 1 (1973). 41 Sien Rautenbach (2011, par 1A53). 42 Sien par. 4.3 hier onder. 43 S v Zuma 1995 4 BCLR 401 (KH), 1995 2 SA 642 (KH) par. 21. Vir meer onlangse uitsprake hieroor, sien Director of Public Prosecutions, Transvaal v Minister for Justice and Constitutional Development 2009 7 BCLR 673 (KH), 2009 4 SA 222 (KH) par. 41; Johncom Media Investments Ltd v M 2009 8 BCLR 751 (KH), 2009 4 SA 7 (KH) par. 25. 44 Vir meer besonderhede oor die aard van die bewyslas in handveslitigasie, sien Minister of Home Affairs v National Institute for Crime Prevention (NICRO) 2004 5 BCLR 445 (KH), 2005 3 SA 280 (KH) par. 34–6. 45 1995 10 BCLR 1382 (KH), 1995 4 SA 631 (KH) par. 45–6. 46 Harksen v Lane 1997 11 BCLR 1489 (KH), 1998 1 SA 300 (KH) par. 53. My vertaling. 47 Harksen v Lane 1997 11 BCLR 1489 (KH), 1998 1 SA 300 (KH) par. 51; President of the RSA v Hugo 1997 6 BCLR 708 (KH), 1997 4 SA 1 (KH) par. 42–3. 48 Krüger (2011:478, 512). 49 Die volgende stelling van Braveman, Banks en Smolla (2005:572) kom in byna alle Amerikaanse staatsreghandboeke voor: “By their very nature, nearly all laws classify, imposing obligations or conferring benefits on some but not others.” 50 Die verwysing na “eenvoudigste vorm” is belangrik, want in die literatuur word soms gemeld dat die rasionele-verband-toets verskillende vorme kan hê wat op ’n glyskaal van heel lig tot streng geplaas kan word. Sien Price (2010:586–9); Brand (2003:40); Weaver e.a. (reds.) (2011:762). 261
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