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154 71 van 2008. 155 71 van 2008 art. 140(4). 156 Kloppers 1999:430. LitNet Akademies Jaargang 9(2), Augustus 2012 157 UNCITRAL-dokument Legislative guide to insolvency law 176 item 42: "An essential element of these personal qualities is that the insolvency representative is able to demonstrate independence from vested interests, whether of an economic, familial or other nature." 228
Opsomming LitNet Akademies Jaargang 9(2), Augustus 2012 Riglyne om die reg op gelykheid toe te pas I.M. Rautenbach I.M. Rautenbach: Fakulteit Regsgeleerdheid, Universiteit van Johannesburg In 1997 het die konstitusionele hof in Harksen v Lane riglyne geformuleer vir die toepassing van die reg op gelykheid in die Grondwet. Die doel met hierdie artikel is om na 15 jaar weer hierdie riglyne te bekyk en om aanpassings voor te stel. Riglyne moet sover moontlik deur almal verstaan word en moet deeglik inskakel met al die ander bepalings van die handves van regte, insluitend die algemene bepalings wat reël wie deur die regte beskerm word, wie daardeur gebind word en wat hulle pligte is, en hoe nienakoming van die pligte regverdig kan word aan die hand van die beperkingsbepalings. Gemeet hieraan het die Harksen-riglyne sekere gebreke. Dit is uiters moeilik om die Harksen-riglyne te verstaan en toe te pas. Verder is dit nie goed met die algemene bepalings van die handves geïntegreer nie. Daar word voorgestel dat die reg op gelykheid aan die hand van die volgende vrae toegepas word: 1. Word die klaer regstreeks of onregstreeks anders as ander mense behandel deur die reël of optrede wat ondersoek word? 2. Indien dit wel die geval is, waarop kom die differensiasie neer? Is dit: • onbillike diskriminasie (dit is differensiasie wat die klaer se menswaardigheid aantas of ’n soortgelyke ernstige gevolg het); of • gewone differensiasie wat alle differensiasie is wat nie neerkom op onbillike diskriminasie nie; of • differensiasie wat in verband staan met regstellende optrede (dit is stappe om mense te beskerm en te ontwikkel wat benadeel is deur onbillike diskriminasie)? 3. Kan die differensiasie geregverdig word aan die hand van die algemene beperkingsbepaling, of waar van toepassing, aan die hand van die bepalings oor regstellende aksie in artikel 9(2)? Die maatstawwe vir die regverdiging van onbillike diskriminasie is baie streng; vir ander differensiasies in beginsel baie ligter; en in die geval van regstellende optrede word die standaard in artikel 9(2) beskryf. Trefwoorde: algemene beperkingsbepaling; beskermde gedrag en belange; besondere beperkingsbepalings; bewyslas; billike diskriminasie; differensiasie; diskriminasie; gelyke waarde van mense; gelykheid; Grondwet artikel 36; Grondwet artikel 9; Grondwet; handves van regte; klassifikasie; konstitusionele hof; kontrolevlakke; menswaardigheid; onbillike diskriminasie; ongelykheid; onregstreekse differensiasie; pligte; rasionele verband; reg op 229
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