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S. Bliznikas et al. Efficiency of Sweet Lupin and Faba Bean Seeds in Diets for Lactating Dairy CowsEfficiency of Sweet Lupin and Faba Bean Seeds in Diets forLactating Dairy CowsSaldo lupīnu un lauku pupu sēklu izmantošana slaucamu govju ēdināšanāSaulius Bliznikas, Vytautas Tarvydas, Virginijus UchockisInstitute of Animal Science, Lithuania, e–mail: lgi@lgi.ltLietuvas Lopkopības institūts, e–pasts: lgi@lgi.ltAbstract. A study was designed at the Lithuanian Institute of Animal Science to investigate the efficiency ofsweet lupins Danko and faba beans Ada in the diets for lactating dairy cows. The study indicated that equivalentby protein content replacement of soyabean oilmeal with sweet lupin and faba bean seeds in the diets forlactating dairy cows had no significant effect on the fermentation of nitrogenous matter and carbohydrate in therumen of cows and nutrient digestibility, except for somewhat higher (1.74–3.30 mg 100 ml -1 ) concentration ofammonia nitrogen in the rumen contents. Feeding sweet lupins and faba beans also revealed a tendency towardshigher retention of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus in the animal body and lower utilization of these elementsfor milk production.Key words: sweet lupin, faba bean, digestibility, lactating dairy cows.IntroductionThe amount of protein feeds produced on the farmsof Lithuania is insufficient for the development of intensiveanimal husbandry. Therefore, each year variousprotein rich feedstuffs are imported from abroadfor the production of compound feeds and feed additives.Lithuania has real possibilities to increase the areaand productivity of leguminous and other protein-richcrops, and that is a way for alleviation of the problemof protein supply.In Lithuania, light sandy and sandy loam soils coverabout one third of the area. Lupins (Lupinus Albus L.)tend to be productive on such soils. The efficiency oflupin seeds in the diets to cattle, poultry and pigs isconsidered to be high due to high contents of crudeprotein (up to 45%, DM basis), fat (up to 14%, DMbasis) and well digestible fiber (12–16% DM). Lupinseeds are suggested for inclusion into diets as a proteinand energy source in place of soyabean meal orfish meal and also as a partial substitute for cereal crops(Green and Oram, 1983; Hansen, 1976; Hove, 1974; Hoveand King, 1978).Trials indicated that replacement of 25% of barleywith lupins is considered to be optimum for animal diets,though in ruminant diets lupins could be used tocompletely replace the concentrates (Smith, 1995).Faba beans (Vicia faba L.) as well as numerousother legume crops are rich in nitrogenous compounds.Crude protein in faba bean seeds accounts for 23–32%of dry matter (Evans et al., 1972). The levels of methionineand cystine in protein are low and amount to only2.0–2.3% (Tewatia and Virk, 1996). The levels of crudefiber (6–11%) and fat (0.9– 4.2%) in the seeds of fababeans are comparatively low (Newton and Hill, 1983).LLU Raksti 12 (307), 2004; 1-18 41-46Water-soluble carbohydrates account for 5.7–10.08%(Sammour, 1987).It is recommended to replace up to 50% of soyabeanoilmeal with faba beans in the diets for cattle (Huber,1985). It has been reported that replacement of soyabeans and rape seeds with faba beans in the diets fordairy cows had no negative effect on the yield, fatcontent and protein content of milk (Ingalls andMcKirdy, 1974). The protein content of milk was significantlylower and fat content – higher, when the percentageof faba beans in the diets for cows constitutedup to 60% (Hansen and Anderson, 1972).Several cultivars of sweet lupins (“Kastrichnik”,“Danko”, “Augiai”) and faba beans (“Ada”, “Kupa”)are grown in Lithuania. However, only limited informationis available on the suitability of these plants forcow feeding. Therefore, the purpose of the presentstudy was to investigate the nutritive value of sweetlupins and faba beans and to determine the effect ofthese feeds on physiological and productivity responsesin cows.Material and MethodsSeeds“Danko” variety of sweet lupin (Lupinus albus L.)and “Ada” variety of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seedswere used in the present study. The mentioned varietyof beans was developed at the Lithuanian Institute ofAgriculture in Dotnuva.Animals and dietsLactating cows of the Lithuanian Black-and-Whitebreed and of average productivity were used. Cowswere divided into three analogous groups of 7 cows41