Samartha krupechi Vachane

leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ
rks gk nklcks/
·Jhnklcks/ ^opus % Lokeh ek/oukƒ‚
iqÆi ifgys
MkW\ lq"ek okVos
ewY; 20@– :\

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ijegal lnΩxq: Lokeh ek÷Aoukƒkaph vkKk o LokehHâkaph bPNk ;kps œyLoÔi
Eg.ts gs uO;kus ^dkfær gks.kjs NksVs NksVs xzaƒ\ LokehtÓps fopkj÷Au xzaƒÔikus lk÷AdkaP;k
gkrh ns≥;kpk ladYi lqVyk\ ‘lR;ladYikpk nkrk Hxoar’ R;k ladYikuqlkj ts xzaƒ
^dkfær >kys R;krhy vktps gs pkSƒs ^dkæu\ ;klkBh vla“; ijekƒZ^seh eaMGÓdMwu
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xzaƒkapk ^pkj] ^lkj loZp ckcrhr vusd eaMGh mRLœwrZi.s vkiyk lgdk;kZpk gkr iqkys\ vktpk gk pkSƒk NksVk xzaƒ ‘leƒZÎispÓ opus’\
f}rh; vko`®h
‘leƒZÎisph opuÍ’ iqÆi 1 ;k xzaƒkyk ijekƒZ^seh okpdkapk–lk÷Adkapk] foæs"r#
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yodjp laiyh\ vusdkadMwu xzaƒkaph ekx.h ;sr gksrh\ rƒkfi f}rh; vko`®h dkkyh vkgs\ ;k
xzaƒNik∫P;k dkehgh vusdkaps vkfƒZd lgdk;Z ykHys\ R;keqGs vYiewY;kr gk xzaƒ r;kj
dj≥;kr vkyk vkgs\ lgdk;kZcˆy lokÛuk ÷AU;okn\
Lokeh ek÷Aoukƒ lkfgR; ^dkæu
^dkæd # eqêd #
MkW\ lq"ek okVos
ek\ fo\ nkR;s
Lokeh ek/oukƒ lkfgR; ^dkæu x.sæ Ï^VlZ
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Jhy{ehxq:Îik vikVZeÍV] nwj÷ofu # 24451144
iq.s 411030\ nwj÷ofu # 24476442 œWDl # ·020‚24451109
^ƒeko`f® #
^dkæu # pkSƒs
Lokeh LoÔikuan t;afr fnu
© loZ gDd ^dkædkps Lok÷Ahu
15 fMlÍcj 1997
f&rh;ko`f® #
xq:ikSf.Zek] 2 tqyS 2004
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Lokeh ek/oukƒ lkfgR; ^dkæu MkW\ yfyrk ukMd.hZ
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Jhy{ehxq:Îik vikVZeÍV] nhi caxyk pkSdktoG] fæokthuxj] iq.s 16\
iq.s 411030\ nwj÷ofu # 24476442 nwj÷ofu # 25535043
2 leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ

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πKkusΔojhoj rqEgh ^opus djhr vkgkr\ R;kpcjkscj nklcks÷A
gk xzaƒgh rqEgh yksdkauk letkowu lkaxkok vls eyk okVrs\∏
ifjozktdkpk;Z lnΩxq: Jh÷AjLokeh egkjkt ;kapk LoIuúÆVkar Lokeh
ek÷Aoukƒkauk >kyk vkf. nklcks÷Akoj ^opus dj≥;kpk fopkj Lokeh
ek÷Aoukƒkauh fufΔpr Åyk\ b\ l\ 1979 iklwu leƒZHâ Jherh
vacwrk∫ xês ;kaP;k ‘ekr`Le`fr’ xzaƒky;kr LokehtÓuh nklcks÷A ^opukl
^kjaH Åyk\ R;kp okLrwr R;kiwohZ nj lkseokjh KkusΔojh ^opus
Lokehth djr vlr\ ilk;nkukojhy fuÔi. laiys vkf. nklcks÷A
^opukl ^kjaH >kyk\ ngk ckjk o"sZ KkusΔojh ,sdysys] ÷;kuukekfn
lk÷Auk dj.kjs] cgqla“; vuqx`ghr Jksrs ^opukyk mifLƒr vlr\
R;keqGs ^opus [wip jaxr\ ^opukr ^keq“;kus lk÷Ausoj Hj fnyk
tkr vlY;kus lk÷Adkauk ikjekfƒZd ^xrh lk÷A≥;kps úÆVhus ^opukapk
[wip ykH gksr vls\ nklcks÷Akrhy dkgh fuoMd lekl Lokehth
^opuklkBh ?sr\ nklcks÷A gk LokehtÓpk vkoMrk xzaƒ\ o;kP;k
iapfoæhr gkrkr vkysyk] fuR; okpukr vlysyk xzaƒ vkf. R;kuqlkj
vkpj. dÔu ^iapp ijekƒZÔi Åysys LokuqHwfrlaiUu oâs Lokehth
^opu djhr vlr\ R;kosGh KkusΔojh vkf. nklcks÷A nksUgh xzaƒkaoj
^opus lqÔ gksrh\ R;keqGs nksUgh xzaƒkaph Hk"k] ekaM≥;kph i*r ƒksMh
fHUu vlyh rjh Kkunso vkf. leƒZ nks?kaps fopkj dls ,dp vkgsr
gs Lokehth nksUgh xzaƒkrhy vksO;k mnΩ÷A`r dÔu lkaxr vlr\ gGwgGw
JksR;kaph xnhZ ,o

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vkoMrhy] lk÷AusP;k úÆVhus R;kapk mi;ksx gks∫y vlk foΔokl okVrks\
okpdkauh vkiY;k ^frf∂;k dGfoY;kl uohu xzaƒ dkkys ;kpk vkuan okVrks\
lq"ek okVos
ZFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFZ
Jhnklcks÷A ^opukiwohZph ^kƒZuk
Jhjkepaêk d:.kleqêk ‰
÷;krks rq>h jktl ;ksxeqêk ‰‰
us(Ó u ;s js rqtoh. fuêk ‰
dß HsVlh ck etyk lqHêk ‰‰
æqdklkfj[Í iw.Z oSjkX; T;kpÍ ‰
oflÆBkijh Kku ;ksxsΔojkpÍ ‰
doh okfYedklkfj[k ekU; ,slk ‰
ueLdkj ek>k lnΩxq: jkenklk ‰‰
eyk okVrÍ varjÓ Roka olkoÍ ‰
rq˘;k nklcks÷Akfl Roka cks÷AokoÍ ‰‰
viR;kijh iktoh ^sexzklk ‰
egkjkt;k lnΩxq: jkenklk ‰‰
t; t; j?qohj leƒZ
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4 leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ

JhleƒZ jkenklLokeh
thounæZu
JhleƒkÛpk tUe tkac xkaoh æÅ 1530 pS( æq* uoehl %
Jhjkeuoehps fnoæh ek÷;kUgh >kyk\ R;kaps uko ukjk;.] ofMykaps
ukao lw;kZthiar] vk∫ jk.wck∫ o vkMukao Bkslj\ o;kP;k ckjkO;k o"hZ
æÅ 1542 e÷;s fookg^laxh ‘lko÷Aku’ æCn ,sdwu leƒZ
yXueaMikrwu iGkys\ ukfædtoG xksnkojhP;k dkBh VkdGh ;sƒs R;kauh
ckjk o"sZ iqjΔpj. % jkeksikluk Åyh\ o;kP;k pksfolkO;k o"hZ
vkReKkulaiUu gks˜u leƒZ rhƒZ;k(slkBh ckgsj iMys\ ckjk o"sZ lca÷A
HkjrHj ^okl dÔu lektfLƒrhps lw{e voyksdu R;kauh Åys vkf.
æÅ 1566 e÷;s o;kP;k N®hlkO;k o"hZ rs ÎÆ.krhjh vkys\
vaxkiwjP;k Mksgke÷;s jkekP;k ewrhZ R;kauk feGkY;k\ R;k ewrhÛph Lƒkiuk
R;kauh pkœGyk Åyh o æÅ 1570 e÷;s rsƒs jkeuoehpk eksBk mRlo
Åyk\ æÅ 1571 e÷;s Jh leƒkÛuh fæokth jktkauk vuqxzg fnyk\
æÅ 1577 e÷;s fæokthjktkauh vkiY;k jkT;kph lun fH”k Eg.wu
JhleƒkÛP;k >ksGhr Vkdyh\ JhleƒkÛuh rh lun ræhp
fæokthjktkauk ijr Åyh vkf. jkT;kpk ÷ot Hxok dj≥;kl
lkafxrys\ e÷;arjh vdjk ek:rh Lƒkiwu vdjk eB r;kj Åys\ R;koj
vdjk egarkaph Lƒkiuk Åyh\ R;kuarjgh osxosxGÇk fBdk.h
eBLƒkiuk dÔu R;koj ,Ådk egarkph Lƒkiuk Åyh\
æÅ 1581 e÷;s nklcks÷Akps lgk næd pkj lekl fygwu iw.Z
>kys\ æÅ 1596 e÷;s fæokthjktkapk jkT;kfH"sd >kyk\ æÅ
1601 e÷;s fæokthjkts lÊuxMkaoj JhleƒkÛP;k lkfUu÷;kr cjsp
fnol jkfgys\ æÅ 1602 e÷;s fæokthjktkauh nsg Bsoyk\ æÅ 1603
ek? o| uoehl æfuokjh nqikjh JhleƒkÛuh lÊuxMkoj nsg Bsoyk\
JhleƒZ vkRelk”kRdkjh lar % LokuqHolaiUu cz©Kkuh iq:"
gksrs\ fo"; ^friknu djrkuk vkRe^phrhyk R;kauh loksZÁ egÂo fnys\
‘eq“; gfjdƒk fuÔi.’ vls EgVys\ JhleƒkÛuh mnaM okîΩe; fuekZ.
Åys\ nklcks÷A] vkRekjke] eukps Δyksd] d:.kÆVÅ] lok;k] vHax]
Lokeh ek/oukƒ
5

vkjR;k] ins] vksohc* i(s vls R;kaps okîΩe; fofo÷A ^dkjps vkgs\
JhleƒkÛP;k eq[krwu ckgsj iM.kjs æCn R;kaps fæÆ; dY;k.Lokeh
fViwu ?sr vlr\ dY;k.LokeÓP;keqGs JhleƒkÛps okîΩe; ejkBh
Hkf"dkauk miyC÷A gks˜ ædys vls Eg.rkr\
Lokeh ek÷Aoukƒ
thou] dk;Z o rÂoKku
Jh\ ek÷Ao foÆ.w rƒk ckGklkgsc okdMs\ tUe 1 vkWDVkscj
1917\ dksd.krhy dksdcu gh tUeHweh] iq.s gh deZHweh\ o;kP;k
ngkO;k o"hZ HxonΩxhrslkj[k ^ek. xzaƒ gkrh vkyk\ rsOgkiklwup
HxonΩxhrsps iBu] Ïpru] euu o rnuqlkj vkpj. dj≥;kpk ^;Ru
lqÔ >kyk\ brjkais”k vkiys thou dkgh osxGsp vkgs ;kph tk.ho
ckyo;kiklwu gksrh\ Hkfod ÏiM] dqækxz cqf*e®k] foy”.
∫ΔojfuÆBk] drZO;fuÆBk] ftˆ] ^seGi.k] foosd ;klkj[s O;kogkfjd
o ikjekfƒZd xq. eqGkrp vaxh gksrs\ R;kr iq

lnΩxq:vkKk fæjks÷Ak;Z ekuwu vkiyh lk÷Auk o vkiys dk;Z ;kyk
thoukr ^k÷AkU; fnys\ lnΩxq:Îisus yodjp R;kauk vkRenæZukps ÷;s;
xkBrk vkys\ b\ l\ 1973 e÷;s Lokeh LoÔikuankauh vkiY;k ukƒ
la^nk;kph tckcnkjh Lokeh ek÷Aoukƒkaoj lksioyh vkf. 15 vkWxLV
1974 ;k fnoæh rs fut÷Akeh xsys\ rsOgkiklwu iq

eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
‰‰ Jhjke ‰‰
ek>h dk;k vkf. ok.h ‰ xsyh Eg.ky var#dj.Ó ‰
ijh eh vkgÍ txthouÓ ‰ fujarj ‰‰
vkRekjke nklcks÷A ‰ ek>Í LoÔi Lor#fl* ‰
vlrka u djkok gks [sn ‰ HâtuÓ ‰‰
ek>h dk;k xsyh [jÍ ‰ ijh eh vkgs txnkdkjÍ ‰
,sdk Lofgr m®jÍ ‰ lkaxsu rÓ ‰‰
udk dÔa [ViV ‰ ikgk ek>k xzaƒ uhV ‰
rs.Í lk;qT;kph okV ‰ BkbÛ iMs ‰‰
jkgk nsgkP;k foljÍ ‰ orksZ udk ok∫V cjÍ ‰
rs.s eqfâpÓ }kjÍ ‰ pkstohrh rqEgkalh ‰‰
jkeh jkenkl Eg.s ‰ lnk LoÔiÓ vuqla÷Aku ‰
djk JhjkekpÍ ÷;ku ‰ fujarj ‰‰
JhleƒZ jkenklLokeh
eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
vuq∂ef.dk
1‚ xzaƒk uke nklcks÷A 9
2‚ vk÷AÓ v÷;kReJo. 21
3‚ vkRefuosnu Hfâ 38
4‚ vtikfuÔi. 53
5‚ nsgkrhr oLrq vkgs 62
eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
8 leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ

1\
Jksrs iqlrh dks. xzaƒ ‰ dk; cksfyyÍ th ;sƒ ‰
Jo. Åfy;kuÍ ^kIr ‰ dk; vkgs ‰‰ nk\ 1–1–1
xzaƒk uke nklcks÷A ‰ xq:fæÆ;kapk laokn ‰
;sƒ cksfyyk foæn ‰ HfâekxZ ‰‰ nk\ 1–1–2
[Lokeh ek/oukƒ ;kaps Jh”s( lÊuxMkojhy ^opu]
vkt ;k ije vkuankP;k fnoæh jke^Hw leksj vkgsr\ leƒZ
leksj vkgsr\ ije HkX;kpk eaxy fnol vkgs\ leƒkÛpkp xzaƒ vkiY;k
leksj vkgs\ xzaƒdR;kZyk vkiY;k xzaƒkbrÅ dkgh f^; ulrs\ dkj. R;k
xzaƒke÷;s loZP;k loZ R;kps fopkj÷Au lkBoysys vlrs\
ts.Í Kku gÍ ^cGs ‰ ts.Í o`®h gs ekoGs ‰
ts.Í HfâekxZ dGs ‰ ;k ukao dfoRo ‰‰ nk\ 14–3–49
ts.Í nsgcqf* rqVs ‰ ts.Í HoÏl÷Aw vkVs ‰
ts.Í Hxoar ^xVs ‰ ;k ukao dfoRo ‰‰ nk\ 14–3–50
vlk gk nklcks÷Aklkj[k xzaƒ\ leƒZ Lor# nsgkus vlrs rjh
vkiY;kyk R;kaps tso

dj≥;klkBh vkEgh rqEgkyk ekxZ lkaxrks\ T;k;ksxs lq[nq#[kus u
MGeG.kjs] ukuk vk?krkauh u [p.kjs] LrqrhÏunsr lkj[s jkg.kjs]
ykH vykH lkj[s eku.kjs vls lekfgr eu vkiY;kyk fuekZ. djrk
;s∫y\ R;klkBh gk xzaƒjkt fyfgyk xsyk vkgs\ uqlrh ikjk;.s dÔu
;k dkukauh ,sdwu R;k dkukauh lksMwu |k;pk vlk gk xzaƒ ukgh\ R;kps
Jo.] euu] fufn÷;kl ikfgts\
Jo.kijhl euu lkj ‰ euuÍ dGs lkjklkj ‰
fut÷;klÍ lk”kRdkj ‰ fu#lax oLrq ‰‰ nk\ 11–1–41
Jo. euu fut÷;kl ‰ ^fprhus ck.rk foΔokl ‰
jksdMk lk”kRdkj lk;kl – ‰ dj.Ífp uyxs ‰‰ nk\ 10–9–30
vls leƒkÛps æCn vkgsr\ R;k æCnkae÷;s t.w loZ foΔokph
æfâ ,dÔi >kysyh vkgs\ lk„;k foΔoke÷;s T;k T;k )f"equÓuh]
lk÷Aqlarkauh lk÷Auk–riΔp;kZ Åyh] vkRe÷Au feGoys R;k ^paM æâhpk
vkfoHkZo nklcks÷Akrhy æCnkæCnke÷;s vk

leƒkÛuk visf”r vkgs rs Eg.ts æCnkr jaxwu u tkrk R;kpk vƒZ
igkok\ R;kuqlkj vkpj. djkos\ Eg.wu nklcks÷Akph Hk"k lk÷Ah] ljG]
ƒksMh [McMhrp vkgs\ i. R;krhy jl brdk xksM vkgs dh R;kr
lgtp jaxwu tk;yk gksrs\
‘Jksrs iqlrh dks. xzaƒ ‰’ gk Jksrk oâk laokn vkgs\
leƒkÛP;kiqs nklcks÷Akoj ^opu gksrs\ vkEgh
vkeph ikn(k.s [kyh Bsowu R;kpk fcàk toG Bsoyk gksrk\ ^opu
laiowu vkEgh [kyh vkyks rks ikn(k.s ukghr\ fcàk vkeP;k gkrkr\
Eg.ts gh vksoh eh ^opukr lkafxryh rh pksjkus mpyyh\ cgqrsd
pksjkyk okVys vlkos dh gs ^opudkj lÊu fnlrkr\ ;kaP;k
ikn(k.kaps vigj. ÅY;kus vkiys dY;k. gks∫y\ Eg.wu R;kus rh usyh
vlkohr\ Eg.ts gk Jksrk rsƒs dækdjrk vkyk gksrk=
pkaxyk Jksrk gks.s gh ijekƒkZrhy ifgyh egÂokph xksÆV vkgs\
rqEgh loZ m®e Jksrs vkgkr gs x`ghr vkgs\ oâk ,dosG rso

vkgs] ;ksxk˙;kl dækdjrk djk;pk gs lxGs JksR;kyk ekfgrh ikfgts\
osnkUrkps ^WfDVdy % ^kR;f”d Eg.ts ;ksx\ osnkUrkus lkafxrys] ‘tho
cz©Ôip vkgs’\ gk cks÷A Ogk;yk gok vlsy rj R;k cks÷AkP;k vkM
;s.kjs eu mUeu djk;yk ikfgts\ R;klkBh nh?Zdky] fujarj v˙;kl
djk;yk ikfgts\
l rq nh?ZdkyuSjUr;ZlRdkjklsforks úkyk dh vki. iw.Z >kyks vls ulwu
;ksxlw(ka^ek.s rks dkgh lk÷Auk djr vlsy rjp ;k ujtUeke÷;s
R;kyk iw.ZRo ;s≥;kpk laHo vkgs\ ;klkBh R;kpk v˙;klp djk;yk
ikfgts\ Eg.wu v˙;kl Åysys Jksrs leksj vlys ikfgtsr\ R;kpcjkscj
R;kaP;ktoG Hko] J*k ikfgts\ oLrqr# Hxoarkauh EgVys vkgs]
‘J*ke;ksÒ;a iq:"#’ i. tj Hko] J*k ulsy] lar lkaxrkr R;koj
foΔokl ulsy rj dBh. vkgs\ dkj. ijekRek gk ú'; LoÔikr ukgh\
nsokps LoÔi lkaxr vlrkuk leƒkÛuh pkj ^dkjps nso ekuys vkgsr\
·1‚ ukuk ^frek % cgqrsdkapk naMd ^frek iwtukr vlrks\ ·2‚
vorkj efgek % jke ÎÆ. vkfn vorkjh iq:"kaP;k fBdk.h Hko
vlrks\ ·3‚ varjkRek ·4‚ fufoZdkjh % tks loZ( O;kiwu vkgs] i.
O;kiwu vkgs vlsgh Eg.rk ;sr ukgh\ dkj. O;kI;] O;kid vls ulwu
rksp rj loZ( vkgs\ rksp ijekRek] ijcz©] fufoZdkjh] v”;] vuar
12 leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ

vlwu rsƒs HâhP;k vaxkus vkiY;kyk tk;ps vkgs\ R;klkBh Hko]
J*k] fuÆBk ikfgts\
Jksrs fopkjrkr πdks. xzaƒ∏ leƒZ Eg.rkr] πxzaƒk uke
nklcks÷A ‰∏ Jksrs r;kj rlk oâk r;kj ikfgts\ oâk r;kj i. Jksrs
vuf÷Adkjh vlrhy rjø ‘m®e cht ijh lea÷A ‰ [MdÍfl ifMyk ‰’
[Mdkoj iMysys cht œqdV tkrs\ rls lnΩxq: r;kj i. fæÆ; r;kj
ulsy rj mi;ksxh ukgh\ R;kmyV fæÆ; vf÷Adkjh vkgs i. lnΩxq:
ea(ra( lkaxrks] rjh pky.kj ukgh\ Eg.wu lnΩxq: vkf. lrΩfæÆ;
,d( vkys rj R;kapk laokn væk xzaƒÔikus txkyk rkjrks\ lnΩxq:
vkf. fæÆ; ,dÔi >kysys] ,dkp cks÷AkP;k ikrGhoj tj vlrhy]
tls leƒZ–dY;k.] fuo`f®ukƒ–Kkunso] oflÆB–jkepaê vls vlrhy
rj lnΩxq: opu dkukoj iMY;kcjkscj fæÆ; ehp rs vkgs ‘vga
cz©kfLe’ Eg.wu cks÷A ?s˜u mBrks\
dkukopukfp;s HsVh % ‰ lfjlkfp iS fdjhVh ‰
oLrq gks˜fu mBh ‰ dof. ,dq tks ‰‰ Kk\ 18–991
vlk fæÆ;] vlk xq:] vlk Jksrk] vlk oâk tj vlsy rj
R;kaP;ke÷;s lqanj laokn ?Mrks\ ‘Jksrs iqlrh dks. xzaƒ\’ oâk lkaxrks%
xzaƒk uke nklcks÷A ‰ xq:fæÆ;kapk laokn ‰
;sƒ cksfyyk foæn ‰ HfâekxZ ‰‰
ujnsgkps lkƒZd dj≥;klkBh Eg.wu vko';d rh Hfâ ^R;sdkus
djkoh gh leƒkÛph bPNk\
Hfâpsu ;ksxÍ nso ‰ fuΔp;Í ikorh ekuo ‰
,slk vkgs vfH^ko ‰ ∫;s xzaƒÓ ‰‰ nk\ 1–1–4
Hâhus nsok^r fufΔpri.s tkrk ;srs vls leƒZ Eg.rkr\ nsok^r
tk;ps Eg.ts djk;ps dk;= nso vksG[k;pk dlk= nsokph y”.s dk;=
euqÆ; dks.kyk Eg.k;ps= tks djrks vkf. pqdrks rks euqÆ;\ tks djrks i.
pqdr ukgh rks nso« vkf. tks djrgh ukgh vkf. pqdrgh ukgh] i. ukgh
Eg.≥;kph lks; ukgh rs cz©\ tks l`ÆVhph jgkVh djrks] i. pqdr ukgh\
lw;Z paê BjY;kosGh mxo.kj« u|k rækp okg.kj« MkÍxj rlsp jkg.kj\
Lokeh ek/oukƒ
13

ijesΔojkus th }SrÔikph l`ÆVh fuekZ. Åyh] rh ijekƒkZyk fojks÷Ah ukgh\
thokus Åysyh l`ÆVh ijekƒkZyk fojks÷Ah vkgs\ euksdfYir l`ÆVh ijekRE;kP;k
vkM ;srs vkgs\ nsokæh ,dÔi gksrkuk gh }SrÔih l`ÆVh vkM ;srs\ Eg.wu
Hâhus nsok^r tkrk ;srs vls leƒZ Eg.rkr\ R;k Hâhps y”. dk;= nso
dækyk Eg.k;ps=
nso gk loZK] loZ drkZ] vuar vkgs vls letys tkrs\ oLrqr#
nso dkghp djr ukgh\ R;kP;kiklwu ts fuekZ. >kys rs R;kP;kiklwu
osxGs dkkys R;k lokÛe÷;s rks
vuqL;wr vkgs\ ‘,dksÒga cgqL;keΩ ^tk;S; bfr ‰’ eh ,d vkgs rks
vusd Ôikauh uVkos vls R;kyk okVys\ R;k^ek.s fofo÷A Ôikauh rks
uVyk] fofo÷A LoHkokauh] vkdkjkauh rks uVyk rjh rks ,dp vkgs\
R;kP;ke÷;s dkgh cny >kysyk ukgh\ lqÆV nqÆV ek.lkrgh rksp ,d
vkgs] vlk cks÷A v[aM jgk.s gs nsokyk feG.s vkgs\
nklcks÷Akr vk.[h c„;kp xksÆVh lkafxrY;k vkgsr\ cz© Eg.ts
dk;= lnΩxqÔaph y”.s] fæÆ;kph y”.s] c* eqeq”q lk÷Ad fl*]
cz©kaMkph mHkj.h o lagkj.h] thoukyk vko';d vl.kjs] nsg eu
cq*hyk vko';d vl.kjs] lxGs nklcks÷Akr vkysys vkgs\ ‘u Hwrks u
HfoÆ;fr ‰’ vlk gk xzaƒ vkgs\ pkGhl o"kÛgwu vf÷Ad dkG gk xzaƒ
ek˘;k gkrkr vlwu R;kpk daVkGk vkyk vls eyk d÷Ah >kys ukgh\
nklcks÷A Eg.ts nklkyk >kysyk cks÷A Ïdok nklkauh txklkBh
[qyk Åysyk cks÷A\
Jksrs iqlrh dks. xzaƒ ‰ dk; cksfyyÍ th ;sƒ ‰
Jo. Åfy;kuÍ ^kIr ‰ dk; vkgs ‰‰ nk\ 1–1–1
vkrka Jo. Åfy;kpÍ œG ‰ f∂;k ikyVs rRdkG ‰
rqVs laæ;kpÍ ewG ‰ ;sdljka ‰‰ nk\ 1–1–28
dkgh lk÷Auk djk;yk udks\ Jo.kps œG rkcMrksc feGrs\
var#dj. ikyVwu tkrs\ dks.R;k xzaƒkus vls œG lkafxrys vkgs=
ekxZ lkaiMs lqxe ‰ u yxs lk÷Au nqxZe ‰
lk;ksT;eqâhpÍ oeZ ‰ BkbÛ iMs ‰‰ nk\ 1–1–29
14 leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ

;k xzaƒkP;k Jo.kus lk;qT;eqfâ feGrs\ R;klkBh dkgh lk;kl
djkos ykxr ukghr\ vj≥;kr tk˜u mxz riΔp;kZ dj≥;kpsgh dkj.
ukgh\ leƒZ Eg.rkr] πnklcks÷A xzaƒkps tks Jo.] okpu] euu djsy
R;kyk lk;qT;eqfâ feGsy\∏ lk;qT;eqfâ Eg.ts=
vkRefuosnukps varÓ ‰ ts dka ?Myh vHsnHâh ‰
r;s ukao lk;ksT;eqfâ ‰ lR; tk.koh ‰‰ nk\ 8–8–19
vkRefuosnukP;k æsoVh th vHsnHfâ ?Mrs rh lk;qT;eqfâ\ rh
lR; tk.koh\ vkRefuosnu Eg.ts=
vkRefuosnukpÍ y”. ‰ vk÷AÓ ikgkoÍ eh dks. ‰
ex ijekRek fuxqZ. ‰ rks oksG[kok ‰‰ nk\ 8–8–13
eh vkf. ijekRek ,dp vkgs gs vkRefuosnukps y”. vkgs\
eh tho R;k ijekRE;kiklwu fHUu ukgh\ eh nsgeucq*hps Eg.ts ,dw.
lalkjkps vks>s mxhpp MksD;koj ?srysys vkgs\ rs vks>s tj eh Vkdys]
‘eh tho et ca÷Au ‰ et vkgs tUeej. ‰’ vls ts ladYifodYi
vkgsr rs tj eh lksMys rj tho ijekRekp vkgs ‘ijekRekfp ifj
funlqjk ‰’ vls Kkuksck Eg.rkr\ eh tho vkgs] eyk ca÷Au vkgs] eyk
tUee`R;q vkgs] ;k loZ pqdhP;k dYiuk tj thokus lksMY;k rj ‘thok
cz©Ro vkgs ‰ ladYi yksih ‰’ ‘eh nsg’ gk ladYi VkdY;kcjkscj tho
cz©p gksrks gs ;sƒs lkafxrys vkgs\ vkRefuosnu >kY;kcjkscj th
LokHkfod Îrh gksr vlrs] R;kyk ‘Hfâ’ vls Eg.rkr\ ex rks cksysy
vƒok cksy.kj ukgh] ^opu djsy vƒok dj.kj ukgh] rks rhƒZ;k(syk
tk∫y vƒok tk.kj ukgh\ ex rks xsyk vƒok ukgh xsyk rjh rh
;k(kp\ væk ^dkjs lgt ts gksrs rh Hfâ\ leƒZ Eg.rkr]
πvkReLoÔikiklwu d÷Ahgh foHâ ul.s Eg.ts Hfâ\∏
vkiY;k thoukps lkƒZd dækus gksrs rs nklcks÷A xzaƒkr lkafxrys
vkgs\ ukuk erkapk fuΔp;] ukuk lansgkaps fujkdj.] LoÔicks÷A]
LoÔifLƒrh Eg.ts dk;] lar dq.kyk Eg.k;ps rs lkafxrys\
lnk LoÔikuqla÷Aku ‰ gÍ eq“; lk÷AwpÍ y”. ‰
tuÓ vlksu vki. ‰ tukosxGk ‰‰ nk\ 8–9–9
Lokeh ek/oukƒ
15

ckÌ lk÷Adkps ijh ‰ vkf. LoÔikdkj varjÓ ‰
lrΩfæÆ;kph y”.s rj vxnh LiÆVi.s lkafxryh vkgsr\
eq“; lfPNÆ;kps y”. ‰ lnΩxq:opuÓ foΔokl iw.Z ‰
vuU;HkoÍ æj. ‰ R;k ukao lfPNÆ; ‰‰ nk\ 5–3–19
fæÆ; ikfgts lk”sih foæs" ‰ fæÆ; ikfgts ijen” ‰
fæÆ; ikfgts vy” ‰ y”h ,slk ‰‰ nk\ 5–3–22
ykxrka lnΩxq:opuiaƒÍ ‰ tkyÍ cz©kaM ikyƒÍ ‰
rjh t;kP;k æq* HkokƒsÛ ‰ ikyV u ÷Afjts ‰‰ nk\ 5–3–51
vlk fæÆ; ikfgts\ rks fueZG] vkpkjæhy] fojâ] vfr mnkj]
ijekƒZfo";h vfr rRij] ijksidkjh] fueZRljh] ije lko÷A] ^Kkoar]
^seG] Hâ] ;qfâoar] cqf*oar] ú

,slÍ gÍ vo?Ífp ,sdkoÍ ‰ ijarq lkj æks÷Awu ¿;koÍ ‰
vlkj rs tk.ksfu R;kxkoÍ ‰ ;k ukao Jo.Hfâ ‰‰ nk\ 4–1–29
lxq.dƒk ;k ukao dhrZu ‰ v}Sr Egf.ts fuÔi. ‰
lxq. j”wu fuxqZ. ‰ cksyr tkoÍ ‰‰ nk\ 4–2–23
uke Lejs fujarj ‰ rÍ tk.koÍ iq≥;æjhj ‰
ekgknks"kaps fxfjoj ‰ jkeukeÍ uklrh ‰‰ nk\ 4–3–22
iknlsou rÍfp tk.koÍ ‰ dk;kokpkeuksHkoÍ ‰
lnΩxqÔps ik; lsokos ‰ lnΩxfrdkj.Í ‰‰ nk\ 4–4–2
dk;k okpk vkf. euÍ ‰ fp®Í fo®Í thoÍ ^k.Í ‰
lïkoÍ HxoarvkpZuÍ ‰ ;k ukao vkpZuHâh ‰‰ nk\ 4–5–29
tsƒÍ fnlrh foæs" xq. ‰ rÍ lnΩxqÔpÍ vf÷AÆBku ‰
;kdkj.Í r;klh ueu ‰ vR;knjÍ djkoÍ ‰‰ nk\ 4–6–9
lkroÍ Htu rÍ nkL; tk.koÍ ‰ ifMyÍ dk;Z frrqdÍ djkoÍ ‰
lnk lfUu÷Afp vlkoÍ ‰ nso}kjÓ ‰‰ nk\ 4–7–2
nsokl t;kph vR;ar ^hrh ‰ vki. orkZoÍ rs.Í jhrÓ ‰
;s.Í dfjrka HxoarÓ ‰ l“; ?Ms useLr ‰‰ nk\ 4–8–3
nsokP;k l“;RoklkBÓ ‰ iMkO;k ftoyxkalh rqVh ‰
loZ vikZoÍ lsoVÓ ‰ ^k. rksfg ospkok ‰‰ nk\ 4–8–8
uoeh Hâh vkRefuosnu ‰ u gksrka u pqÅ tUeej. ‰
gÍ opu lR; ^ek. % ‰ vU;ƒk uOgs ‰‰
vkRefuosnu tksi;Ûr >kysys ukgh rksi;Ûr thofæokps ,sD; ukgh\
vkRefuosnu Eg.ts lksÒga\ eh dks.] ijekRek dks. rs vksG[k;ps«
vkf. nksUgh vuU; dls vkgs rs igk;ps] gs vkRefuosnu\ ijekƒkZr
xw< dkgh ukgh] loZ ^xV vkgs\ i. ^xVp xqIr >kys vkgs] R;kyk
dk; dj.kj= vkeP;k ijekƒkZcˆyP;k dkgh fofp( dYiuk vkgsr\
eqyhps yXu Bjys] Ïdok eqyxk ikl >kyk Eg.wu lR;ukjk;.\ oLrqr#
;k xksÆVÓpk ijLij dk; laca÷Aø v˙;kl Åyk rj eqyxk ikl gks∫y\
Hfâ Eg.ts vHsn Htu\ rs gks≥;klkBh ^ƒe nso vkf. Hâ
vls gks˜u nsokph iwtkvpkZ djkoh ykxrs\ væh osxGsi.kus Hfâ
Lokeh ek/oukƒ
17

djr vlrk – ‘iwtk ?srkrh ^frek ‰ vkaxk ;srks varjkRek ‰’ vls
gks˜u tkrs\ ‘rksp eh vkgs’ ;k cks÷Akr euqÆ; ;srks\ R;kyk iw.Z cks÷A
gksrks\ vkr vkRE;kpk ^dkæ vkf. R;k ^dkækr lkjh deZs vls R;k
O;âhps thou fu#LokƒhZ] fuÆdke] vkuanÔi gks˜u tkrs\ ts larkauk]
HxornΩxhrsyk vfH^sr vkgs vls R;kps thou gksrs\ gk Hâhpk efgek
vkgs\ vHsn Htu ,dne gks˜ ædr ukgh\
vHsn Htukpk gfj[ ‰ nso Hâ >kys ,d ‰
dksBs u iqjs Hsnok.h ‰ vo?h cqMkyh dgk.h ‰
gkjiys nsoHâi. ‰ tuh tkgyk tuknZu ‰
,dk tuknZuh nso ‰ iq

,dÔi vkgs\ R;kP;k pj.kpk nkl vkgs\ væh ‘nklksÒga’ iklwu
‘lksÒga’ i;Ûrph okVpky djk;ph vkgs\
gks dka rjaxq ygkuq ‰ ijh Ïl÷Awlh ukgÓ fHUuq ‰
rSlk ∫ΔojÓ eh vkuq ‰ uksgsfp xk ‰‰ Kk\ 14–386
,slsfu ck lejlÍ ‰ úfÆV ts mYgkls ‰
rs Hfâ iß ,sls ‰ vkEgh Eg.kÍ ‰‰ Kk\ 14–387
tlk rjax ygku ijarq Ïl÷Awlh vfHUu vkgs rlk tho tjh ygku
vlyk rjh R;k ijekRE;kæh ,dÔi vkgs\ gk cks÷A tks brj xzaƒkrwu
vkgs rksp nklcks÷Akr vkgs\ rks cks÷A tj vkiY;ke÷;s eqjk;yk ykxyk
rj leƒkÛuk vfræ; vkuan gks∫y\ gh vkuanHweh vkgs\ ;k
vkuanHwehr fopj.kjh ek.lsns[hy iw.Z vkuanÔi ikfgtsr\ dlys
nq#[ø osnkUrækL(kP;k úÆVhus vkuan gkp [jk\ nq#[ gs [ksVs vkgs\
lq[nq#[ gs lkf”HkL; vkgs\ vki. oLrqr# vkuanÔi vkgksr\
vkuank*;so [fYoekfu Hwrkfu tk;Urs ‰ vkuUnsu tkrkfu
thofUr ‰ vkuUna ^R;UR;fHlafoæUrhfr ‰‰ Eg.wu nsokyk Hâhus
ikok;ps\ ‘Hfâpsu ;ksxs nso ‰ fuΔp;Í ikorh ekuo ‰’
iwtk] ukeLej.] ÷;ku gs lxGs R;k Hâhe÷;s vkys\ vki. ckjk rkl
dkgh ÷;kukyk clw ædr ukgh\ Eg.wu loZ ^dkjph lk÷Auk djkoh\
vki. th lk÷Auk djrks R;kpk ifj.ke vkiY;k okx≥;kcksy≥;krwu
fnlyk ikfgts\ ,[knk euqÆ; cz©fonΩ >kyk gs dækoÔu letk;ps=
cz©Óps folo.Íojh ‰ mUes[ ykgs mtjh ‰
tÍ okpsrÍ b;Í djh ‰ lq÷AkÏl÷Aq ‰‰ Kk\ 15–10
ifgyk ifj.ke okpsoj gksrks\ okpk lq÷AkÏl÷Aq gksrs\ ‘ftÿkeÍ e÷Aqe®ek’
væh ftÿk e÷Aqe®e gksoks\ fdrh yksdkaph ok.h e÷Aqe®e vlrsø
dkj. ijekƒZ eqjrp ukgh\ ijekƒZ tltlk eqjsy] tltæh lk÷Ausr
^xrh gks∫y rlrlk ifgyk ifj.ke ftHsoj gks∫y\
lw;sZ vf÷AfÆByh ^kph ‰ txk jk.ho ns ^dkækph ‰
rSlh okpk Jksr;ka Kkukph ‰ fnokGh djh ‰‰ Kk\ 15–12
ukncz© [qts ‰ dSoY;gh rSlÍ u lts ‰
Lokeh ek/oukƒ
19

,slk cksyq nsf[ts ‰ ts.Í nSoÍ ‰‰ Kk\ 15–13
Jo.lq[kP;k ekaMoÓ ‰ foΔo Hksxh ek÷AoÓ ‰
rSlh lkflUuyh ojoh ‰ okpkoàh ‰‰ Kk\ 15–14
Bkoks u iork t;kpk ‰ euÍlh eqjMyh okpk ‰
rks nsoks gks; æCnkpk ‰ peRdk: ‰‰ Kk\ 15–15
larkaph okpk igkoh\ d÷Ah dBksj æCn ukgh\ vki. R;kaps fæÆ;
Eg.orks] ex vkiyh okpk dBksj dk= ukeLej. pkyw vlsy rj ok.h
dnkfi dBksj gks.kj ukgh\ dBksj cksy.s gk xqUgk vkgs\ dks.kyk vki.
cksyrks vkf. cksy.kjk dks.= ^R;sdt. tj HxonΩÔi vkgs rj
vki. dks.kyk dBksj cksy.kj= dks.hgh ;soks vkiys okx.s fouez]
Hk". e`nq ikfgts\ T;kph lk÷Auk fl* >kyh R;kyk gs lgt vkgs\
leƒZ Eg.rkr] πgs lxGs eh nklcks÷Akr lkafxrys vkgs\∏ vlk
gk vxk÷A] vikj xzaƒ vki. ^R;gh okpr vkgkr\ R;kps euu djr
vkgkr\ ‘?klkekxÍ ?kl ?sryk ‰ vkodkæ ukgÓ pkok;yk ‰’
vls vkiys gksr ukgh\ vki. Jo.kuarj euu djr vlY;kus
vkiksvkip vkiY;k y”kr ;srs dh nso Hâ ,dÔip vkgsr\ gkp
nklcks÷A xzaƒkpk vkf. brj loZ xzaƒkapk vfH^k; vkgs\ Hâ tj nsop
vlsy rj nso tls okxrkr rls Hâkus okxys ikfgts\ gs lkaxk;yk
udks\ jkepaê dls gksrs= vR;ar ÎikGw] n;kGw] ije ^seG]
drZO;fuÆB] ,dopuh vls loZxq.laiUu gksrs\ eukr ,d] ok.hr
nqljs] vkf. dk;kZr frljs vls uOgrs\
cksy≥;klkfj[Í pky.Í ‰ Lo;Í dÔu cksy.Í ‰
r;kpÓ opuÍ ^ek.Í ‰ ekfurh tuÓ ‰‰ nk\ 12–10–39
væh ƒksj ƒksj eaMGh jkepaê] leƒZ] Jh÷AjLokeh gs vkiY;kiq

2\
vk÷AÓ v÷;kReJo. ‰ ex lnΩxq:iknlsou ‰
iq

soÓ yksdka ;s˜fu lksiêoka ‰ ÅoÓ u Hftts ekrÍ ‰‰ Kk\ 9–492
vls KkusΔoj egkjkt Eg.rkr] rj leƒZ Eg.rkr %
vXu x`gklh ykxyk ‰ vkf. lkodkæ futsyk ‰
rks dSlk Eg.kok Hyk ‰ vkRegR;kjk ‰‰ nk\ 11–3–7
nks?kaps lkax.s ,dp\ dk; œjd vkgs=
v÷;kReækL( vkfnvarh ,dp vkgs\ ts Kkuksckauh] ukƒkauh
lkafxrys rsp rqdksckauh lkafxrys\ mifu"ns] HxonΩxhrk ;kauhgh rsp
lkafxrys\ v÷;kReækL(kfo";h KkusΔojhr osxGs nklcks÷Akr osxGs vls
ukgh\ nksUgh xzaƒ ,dp lkaxrkr\ xsyh rhl pkGhl o"sZ eh ;k nksUgh
xzaƒkapk v˙;kl ÅY;koj gs lkaxrks vkgs\ Ïdcgquk nklcks÷Akps oSfæÆVÇ
gs dh gk xq:fæÆ;kpk laokn vlY;keqGs vkf. cgqrsd fæÆ; lkekU;
ikrGhoj vlY;keqGs R;kauh ts ^Δu fopkjys rls leƒZ cksyys\ fnol
dlk ?kyokok= dk; djkos= okxkos dls=
txke÷As txfe( ‰ ftÿsiklÓ vkgs lw( ‰
thH lkaHkGkoh\ vki. xksM cksyyks rj loZ txkr vkiY;kyk fe(
feGrhy\ dMw cksyyks rj æ(qRo ok

leƒkÛps dk;Z rsp gksrs\ Hkjrkps eukyk O;fƒr dj.kjs fp( ikgwu
R;kauh fopkj lqÔ Åyk\ gs fp( ikyV≥;klkBh ,d æfâ mHh dj≥;kps
R;kauh Bjoys\ fæokth jktkaP;k Ôikus æfâ mHh jkfgyh\ R;kyk
leƒkÛP;k ;qâhph tksM feGkyh vkf. Hkjr iqUgk mHk jkfgyk\
ererkapk xYcyk ‰ dks.h iqlsuk dks.kyk ‰
væh ifjfLƒrh R;kosGsyk gksrh\ væk ifjfLƒrhr gk nklcks÷A xzaƒ
fyfgysyk vkgs\ ;kr ts lkaxk;ps gksrs rs lqLiÆV lkafxrys vkgs\ æCnkaph
dljr ukgh\ nklcks÷Akr jksdMk ijekƒZ vkgs\ ckdh jktdkj.]
lektdkj. lxGÇk xksÆVh vkgsr\ i. R;k xkS.Rokus vkgsr\ R;k R;k
ifjfLƒrhyk ;ksX; væk i*rhus loZ lkafxrys vkgs\ vkrk rhp
ifjfLƒrh jkfgysyh ukgh\ ƒksMh osxGh >kyh vkgs\ ifjfLƒrh dæhgh
vlks R;k ifjfLƒrhyk rkÍM ns≥;klkBh ek.wl r;kj ikfgts\ vlk
lokÛxkus m®e ek.wl dlk r;kj djrk ;s∫y gs leƒkÛuh lkafxrys\
;k r„gsus leƒkÛpk nklcks÷A gk vkiY;k mi;ksxkpk vkgs\ dkj.
loZdkGh] loZLƒGh rks ek.wl fuekZ. dj≥;kps dk;Z nklcks÷Akus Åys\
vkiY;kyk letsy væk i*rhus nklcks÷A fyfgyk xsyk vkgs\
eq“; gfjdƒk fuÔi. ‰ nqljÍ rs jktdkj. ‰
frljÍ rÍ lko÷Ai. ‰ loZfo"bÛ ‰‰ nk\ 11–5–4
gfjdƒk fuÔi. gs eq“;\ v÷;kRekP;k] ijekƒkZP;k ik;koj jktdkj.]
lektdkj. loZ dkgh Ogkos gh leƒkÛph] loZ larkaph bPNk vkgs\ lalkj
Vkdwu uOgs rj lalkj dÔup ijekƒZ djkok væh R;kaph vkKk vkgs\
Kkunsokaps pfj( ukensokaP;keqGs vkiY;k gkrkr vkys\ leƒkÛuh
Lor# pfj( fyfgys ukgh vkf. brjkauh R;kaps pfj( fyfgys rs æaHj
o"kZuarj\ rsOgk nklcks÷A gsp R;kaps pfj(\ leƒkÛuh Lor# rlsp EgVys
vkgs\
vkRekjke nklcks÷A ‰ ek>Í LoÔi Lor#fl* ‰
vlrka u djkok gks [sn ‰ HâtuÓ ‰‰
Lor#fl* ts LoÔi rsp vkRekjke] nklcks÷A vkgs\ vkiY;k
var#dj.kr vlysyk tks cks÷A % LoÔicks÷A rksp |k;yk gs nksUgh xzaƒ
Lokeh ek/oukƒ
23

dfVc* vkgsr\
1644 e÷As leƒZ ÎÆ.k [ks„;kr vkys vkf. ex yksdkauk
lkaxk;yk ykxys %
nsokP;k l“;RoklkBh ‰ iMkO;k ftoyxkalh rqVh ‰
loZ vikZoÍ lsoVÓ % ‰ ^k. rksfg ospkok ‰‰ nk\ 4–8–8
nso Egf.ts vkiqyk ^k. ‰ ^k.klh u djkoÍ fuokZ. ‰
^R;;s cksyksu mBksu xsyk ‰ pVd ykxyh yksdkayk ‰
ukuk ekxZ lkaMwu R;kyk % ‰ æj. ;srh ‰‰ nk\ 15–2–19
ijh rks dksBs vkMGsuk ‰ dks.Í LƒGÓ lkaiMsuk ‰
os" ikgkrka ghunhuk % ‰ lkfj[k fnls ‰‰ nk\ 15–2–20
mnaM djh xqIrÔiÍ ‰ fHdk„;klkfj[k LoÔiÍ ‰
rsƒÍ ;sædhfrZ^rkis ‰ lhek lkafMyh ‰‰ nk\ 15–2–21
gs lxGs leƒkÛps pfj(p vkgs\
cksy≥;klkfj[Í pky.Í ‰ Lo;Í dÔu cksy.Í ‰
r;kph opuÍ ^ek.Í ‰ ekfurh tuÓ ‰‰ nk\ 12–10–39
vk÷Ah R;kauh Åys vkf. ex rs cksyys\ væh ^ek.Hwr æsdMks opus
leƒkÛP;k ok.hrwu ^xV >kyh vkgsr\ R;kiSdhp ,d opu vkt
vki. leƒkÛP;k lsoslkBh ?srys vkgs\ ;sƒs ,d O;fâ dks.h eksBh
ulwu vki. ,desd tewu leƒkÛuk letwu ?srks vkgksr\ leƒkÛuk
dk; lkaxk;ps vkgs useÅ rs vki. letwu ?sr vkgksr\
jktdkj.] lektdkj. loZ xksÆVh v÷;kRekP;k ik;koj Ogk;yk
ikfgtsr\ ijarq vkt jktdkj.] lektdkj. fc?Mr pkyysys fnlrs\
R;kps dkj. gk v÷;kRekpk ik;kp ukghlk >kyk vkgs\ vkt Ïgnq
÷AekZfo";h vukLƒk ok

;kis”k larkauh dk;] fdrh vkf. dls lkaxkos Eg.ts vkEgkyk dGsy=
^iap vkf. ijekƒZ nksUghr œjd ukgh\ Ïdcgquk ijekƒZ fl* >kyk
dh ex loZ ^iapp ijekƒZÔi gksrks vls larkaps Eg..s vkgs\
t;ka ,sfgd ÷AM ukgÓ ‰ r;kapÍ ij( iqllh dk∫ ‰
T;kpk ^iap ÷AM ukgh R;k djaVÇkyk ijekƒZ dlk gks.kj=
^iap lkaMwu ijekƒZ Åyk ‰ rjh vUu feGsuk [k;kyk ‰
ex r;k djaVÇkyk ‰ ijekƒZ dßpk ‰‰ nk\ 12–1–3
gh leƒkÛph opus vkgsr\ vkiys thou m®e Ogk;yk gos vlsy]
vkiY;k thoukyk maph feGk;yk goh vlsy rj vki.kyk dlsrjh
thou ?kyowu pky.kj ukgh\ ÅOgkrjh mBk;ps] dlsrjh dke djk;ps]
dkghrjh [k;ps] ^R;sd xksÆVhpk daVkGk gs cjkscj ukgh\
vkaxÍvkax eksMkeksMh ‰ dk;ZtkrÓ vukoMh ‰
uqlrh ijoMh ‰ tkaH;kaph ‰‰ Kk\ 14–180
ts thou dks.hgh txw u;s væh larkaph % foæs"r# leƒkÛph bPNk
gksrh rls thou yksd txrkuk ikgwu leƒkÛuk dk; okVr vlsy=
leƒZ nksUgh xksÆVh ,dne lkaxrkr\ ^iap vkf. ijekƒZ\ ^iapkrwu
ƒksMk osG dk

GeG gksrh\ HkjrHze. dÔu vkY;koj rs Eg.w ykxys\ eh vkrk
ek˘;k úÆVhus iw.Z vkgs\ dks. ;s∫y R;kyk eqâ djk;yk eh leƒZ
vkgs\ i. dks.h ;s∫y rsOgk ukø dks.h vkysp ukgh rj dk; dj.kj=
vkiY;k o;kP;k ikapO;k o"hZ ‘Ïprk dfjrks foΔokph’ vls
Eg..kjk gk egkiq:"\ tsOgk R;kauh egkjkÆV_krhy] Hkjrkrhy n;uh;
fLƒrh ikfgyh rsOgk R;kauk fdrh nq#[ >kys vlsy ;kph dYiukp
Åysyh cjh\ vki. œkj lq[h vkgksr vk®k\ i. tj vki. lq[klhu
>kyks rj rhp ladVs iqUgk vkY;k[sjht jkg.kj ukghr\ Eg.wu leƒkÛph
opus vki. ikgw ;k\ v÷;kRekP;k ik;koj tj lxGk O;ogkj] ^iap
% loZ thou mHs djk;ps vlsy rj vki. v÷;kRekpk ik;k dk;
rks ^ƒe tk.wu ?s˜ ;k\ dk; Åys vlrk v÷;kRe fl* gks∫y= dk;
Åys vlrk vkRenæZu gks∫y] LoÔikpk vkuan vki. ^kIr dÔ ædw=
dk; Åys vlrk thoukps pje y{; vkiY;kyk ^kIr gks∫y=
R;klaca÷Ahph gh vksoh vkgs\
vk÷AÓ v÷;kReJo. ‰ ex lnΩxq:iknlsou ‰
iq

Í rwa tk. xk Jo. ‰ fuΔp;ÍlÓ ‰‰ nk\ 7–8–1
ijekƒkZps eq“; lk÷Au vkgs Jo.] ex euu vkf. fufn÷;kl\
Jo. euu fut÷;kl ‰ ^fprhuÍ ck.rk foΔokl ‰
jksdMk lk”kRdkj lk;kl % ‰ dj.Ífp uyxs ‰‰ nk\ 10–9–30
leƒZ iStsus lkaxrkr\ tls KkusΔoj egkjkt iStsus lkaxrkr %
rs.Í dkj.Í eh cksysu ‰ cksyÓ vÔikps Ôi nkohu ‰
vrÓfê; ijh Hksxohu ‰ bafê;kadjoÓ ‰‰ Kk\ 6–36
rlsp leƒZ lkaxrkr\ Jo.kr lk;kl dlys= v[aM ÷;ku] v[aM
cks÷A vkgs\ R;kps vuqla÷Aku Bsoys ikfgts\ R;klkBh ƒksMs foosd] oSjkX;
ikfgts\ Jo.kpk v˙;kl Bsoyk ukgh rj egar ns[hy cqMrhy\ Eg.wu
Jo. ikfgts\
Jo.kps ,o

ukgh\ R;k vkrk dkyckÌ xksÆVh vkgsr\ R;k R;k dkGkyk ;ksX; væk
xksÆVh R;k R;k larkauh lkafxrY;k\ KkusΔoj egkjktkauh rRdkyhu væk
xksÆVÓoj œkjlk Hj fnyk ukgh\ dkj. R;k dkGkr ijdh;kaps vk∂e.
vtwu >kysys uOgrs\ loZ( vkcknhvkckn gksrh\ leƒkÛP;k osGh
okrkoj. œkjp ok∫V gksrs\ loZ( la?"Z gksrk\ vkiys yksd ijdh;kaps
uksdj >kys gksrs\ ererkapk xYcyk gksrk\ væk ifjfLƒrhr
KkusΔojhrhy æCn nklcks÷Akr dls ;s.kj= i. v÷;kRe nksUgh dkykr
,dp\ O;klkaiklwu LoÔikuankai;Ûr v÷;kRekr dqBsgh cny ukgh\ Eg.wu
u cny.kjs ts rÂo % R;k rÂokps Jo. gs v÷;kReJo.\
vk÷Ah v÷;kReJo. % Jo.kyk clys] i. [wi tsowu vkys\
R;keqGs rgku ykxyh] tho dklkohl >kyk\ bdMs oâs lkaxr vkgsr\
i. R;kyk Jo. dls gks.kj= ƒksMs csrkus tsowu ;k;yk ikfgts\ fdrh
O;kogkfjd lwpuk fnY;k igkø leƒkÛuk ts fnlr gksrs rs R;kauh fyfgys\
‘dhrZuh cSlrk fuês ukxfoys’ Kkuksck] ukensokaP;k dkGhgh gsp gksrs\
Jo. dk gksr ukgh= cks÷Ap ulrks\ R;k fo";kph r;kjhp ulrs\
R;keqGs lkax.kjk vkf. ,sd.kjk ;kaP;kr fopkjkpk esGp clr ukgh\
,dnk ,dk xkokyk ckyxa÷AokÛph ukVÅ lqÔ gksrh\ ukVd
igk;yk ,d fnol ,d ikVhy vkys\ [wi Jhear gksrs\ i. ukVd
igk≥;kph lao; uOgrh\ ifgY;k jkaxsps frfdV dkkys\ ‘ukgh eh cksyr vkrk ukƒk’ xk.s
lqÔ >kys\ nksu rhu osGk rksp pj. dkukoj iMyk\ ikVykauk vkΔp;Z
okVys\ cksyr ukgh Eg.ts dk;= vkEgh iSls fnys vkgsr\ ;kauh
cksyk;yk ikfgts\ ikp lgk osGk vkGowu vkGowu rksp pj. EgVyk
xsyk\ rsOgk ek( ikVykauk rs vlÌ >kys\ rs [qphZo:u mBys\ R;kauh
MksD;kojpk √Vk dks iSls Vkd\∏
vkrk væk ek.lkyk ^R;” xa÷AoZ tjh xkr vlys rjh dkgh dGsy
dk= R;k xk≥;kr rks jesy dk= laxhrkps Kkup T;kyk ukgh rks
laxhrkr je.s æD; ukgh\ T;kyk xk≥;kpk dku Ïdok let vkgs]
28 leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ

xk.s ,sdwu cjs okVrs vkgs ,okys\ loZLoh rls
gks.kj ukgh\ dkj. [wi vo?M Δyksd vkgsr\ ‘vuar jk?okpk æks÷A’
;k ukaokps ek>s ,d iqLrd ;k eukscks÷Akaoj vkgs\ R;kr ƒksMs ;k
Δyksdkaoj fnXnæZu Åys vkgs\ oLrqr# gtkj ikukapk xzaƒ ;k Δyksdkaoj
gks∫y ,o

v˙;klklkBh R;kauh ikpiapohl o"sZ [pZ Åyh gksrh\ R;k x`gLƒkauk
laxhrkph vftckrp xksMh uOgrh\ ,dnk ,d ^fl* xk;d xkokr
vkys gksrs\ R;kaP;k eSœyhyk ;k x`gLƒkauh ;kos Eg.wu R;kaph iRuh R;kauk
vkxzg djhr gksrh\ R;kauh cjhp VkGkVkG Åyh\ i. æsoVh ukbyktkus
rs x`gLƒ iRuhlg eSœyhyk xsys\ xk.s lqÔ >kys\ ,o

vls Hxoar Eg.rkr\ ijesΔoj] ijekRek] vkRek gk vR;ar xqÌ] xqIr
vkgs\ ;kyk tk.wu ?s≥;klkBh vf÷Ad r;kjh ykxrs\ uofo÷Ak Hfâ
ifgY;kiklwu æsoVi;Ûr djk;yk ykxrs\ rjp vkRE;kfo";h Jo. gks˜
ædrs\ ufpÅrk ;ejktkadMs vkRefopkj ,sd≥;klkBh xsyk\ ;ejktkauh
ukuk ^yksHus nk[owu ufpÅrkyk vkReKku feGo≥;kiklwu ijko`®
dj≥;kpk ^;Ru Åyk\
ærk;q"# iq(ikS(kuΩ o`.hÆo cgwu iæwu gfLrfgj≥;eΔokuΩ ‰
HweseZgnk;rua o`.hÆo Lo;a p tho æjnks ;kofnPNfl ‰‰
bek jkek# ljƒk# lrw;kZ u ghúæk yEHuh;k euqÆ;S# ‰
vkfHeZR^®kfH# ifjpkj;Lo ufpÅrks ej.a ekuq^k”h# ‰‰
i. ufpÅrkus lxGÇk xksÆVh cktwyk lkÔu vkReKkukpk g± ÷Ajyk\
ΔokssHkok eR;ZL; ;nUrdSrrΩ losZfUê;k.ka tj;fUr rst# ‰
vfi loÛ thforeYieso roSo okgkLro u`R;xhrs ‰‰
π;k nsgkyk e`R;q vkgs ex ckdhP;k xksÆVÓph dk; Ïderø eyk
vkReÔi gks≥;kps Kku ikfgts\∏ ufpÅrk ;ejktkauk Eg.kyk\
‘v÷;kRe Jo. djk’ vls lkax.s Eg.ts ‘v÷;kRe Jo.kps
vf÷Adkjh Ogk’ vls i;kZ;kus leƒkÛps lkax.s vkgs\ v÷;kRekpk fopkjp
T;kaP;k eukr ukgh R;kauk v÷;kReJo. ?Mr ukgh\ ;sƒs teysys loZ
Jksrs v÷;kRekps vf÷Adkjh vkgsr Eg.wu gh vksoh ?sryh\ HxonΩxhrk
lkaxrkuk KkusΔoj egkjktkauh gsp lkafxrys\
tÍ visf”ts fojâÓ ‰ lnk vuqHfots larÓ ‰
lksÒga HkoÍ ikjaxrÓ ‰ jfets tsƒ ‰‰ Kk\ 1–53
tÍ vkdf.Zts HâÓ ‰‰
ts Hâ vkgsr R;kauh HxonΩxhrk ,sdk;ph\ rls v÷;kReJo. ts Hâ]
;ksxh] Kkuh vkgsr] funku ts lk÷Ad vkgsr R;kauh djkos\
vk÷Ah v÷;kReJo. ‰ ex lnΩxq:iknlsou ‰
v÷;kReJo. >kY;koj ,d vkSRlqD; vlrs dh vkrk vkReKku
Ogk;yk ikfgts\ R;klkBh Jo. iqUgkiqUgk rsp djk;ps vlrs\ R;kyk
nqljk ekxZp ukgh\ leƒZ Eg.rkr %
Lokeh ek/oukƒ
31

lsfoyÍp lsokoÍ vUu ‰ ?sryÍfp ¿;koÍ thou ‰
rSlÍ Jo. euu ‰ ÅyÍfp djkoÍ ‰‰ nk\ 7–8–47
‘vko`f®jlÎnqinsækrΩ’ vls cz©lw(p vkgs\ iqUgkiqUgk vko`f® djkoh\
,dnk Jo. ÅY;kcjkscj ‘eh vkReKkuh vkgs’ vls Eg.wu mB.kjs
,dp >kys rs Eg.ts KkusΔoj egkjktø
dkukopukfp;s HsVh % ‰ lfjlkfp iß fdjhVh ‰
oLrq gks˜fu mBh ‰ dof. ,dq tks ‰‰ Kk\ 9–991
vls ãfpr gksrs\ cgqrsd osGk Jo. >kys] ekxZ dGyk rjh usedk
ekxZ tk.wu ?s≥;klkBh lnΩxqÔauk æj. tkos ykxrs\
lnΩxq: cz©fuÆB] Jksf(; ikfgtsr\ fæÆ;kaP;k ukuk æadk
vlrkr\ R;kps lek÷Aku lnΩxqÔauk djrk vkys ikfgts\ rs Kkukps
vf÷Adkjh vlkosr\ ex %
rjh xq: nkfoyh;k okVk ‰ ;s˜fu foosdrhƒZrVk ‰
÷Aq˜fu;k eGdVk ‰ cq*hpk rs.Í ‰‰ Kk\ 18–1011
vls djk;yk ykxrs\ lnΩxqÔaph y”.s lkaxrkuk leƒZ Eg.rkr %
Eg.ksfu Kku oSjkX; vkf. Htu ‰ Lo÷AeZdeZ vkf. lk÷Au ‰
dƒk fuÔi. Jo. euu ‰ uhfr U;k;s e;kZnk ‰‰ nk\ 5–2–52
;ke÷AÍ ,d m.Í vls ‰ rs.Í rÍ foy”. fnls ‰
Eg.kSu loZfg foyls ‰ lnΩxq:iklÓ ‰‰ nk\ 5–2–53
lnΩxq: ckgsj lkekU;klkj[s fnlrkr\ i. vkr v[aM LoÔikps
vuqla÷Aku vlrs\ rksp eh vkgs] lfÁnkuanp eh] nsgla?krkdMwu
gks.k„;k loZ dekÛpk eh lk”h vkgs\ rkacMÇk e[eyhoj LœfVdkpk
[Mk Bsoyk Eg.ts rks tlk rkacMk fnlrks rlk eh nsgeucq*hP;k
la;ksxkeqGs d÷Ah dkeh] ∂ks÷Ah] yksHh fnlrks\ i. R;kpk ek˘;kæh
frGek( laca÷A ukgh\ vls iw.Z cks÷Akoj vlysys ts lnΩxq: vlrkr]
rsp fæÆ;kyk cks÷A ns˜ ædrkr\ R;kaph lsok djkoh\ ikp ngk o"sZ
Jo. ?Mys] R;kph xksMh ykxyh] vkReKkukph rGeG ykxyh dh ex
tk˜u lnΩxqÔaph HsV ¿;koh] R;kaph lsok djkoh\
æSys æSys u ekf.D;a ekSfâda u xts xts ‰
32 leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ

lk÷Aoks u fg loZ( pUnua u ous ous ‰‰
okVsy R;kyk lnΩxq: Eg.rk ;sr ukgh\ lnΩxqÔaph ijh”kp ¿;koh\
R;kaP;k euke÷;s dk; bPNk vkgs rs letwu ¿;kos\ R;kaps varj oSjkX;kus
Hjysys vkgs dh ukgh= ^iapke÷Awu rs eksdGs vkgsr dh ukgh= vfyIr
vkgsr dh ukgh rs igkos\
rksgh us(Ó ikgs ‰ Jo.Ó ,sdrq vkgs ‰
ifj rsƒÓpk loZƒk uksgs ‰ uoy ns[Í ‰‰ Kk\ 5–41
vls lnΩxq: iw.Z cks÷Akoj vlrkr\ loZ O;ogkj djr vlrkuk iw.Z
vfyIr vlrkr\ væh lnΩxqÔaph y”.s lrΩfæÆ;kus ikj[wu ¿;kohr\
ex ,dnk lnΩxq: Åys dh ex dnkfi R;kaP;kiklwu osxGs Ogk;ps ukgh\
rs Eg.rhy rs djk;ps\ ÅoG xzaƒ ,ok vuqHo vkgs\∏ Eg.ts ts iw.Z cz©Kkuh]
eqGkr vR;ar lÂoxq.h ^Îrh R;kauk lnΩxq:Îik dGk;yk ohl o"sZ
ykxyh vls Eg.rkr\ Kkunsokauk rRdkG cks÷A >kyk vls fnlys rjh
R;kauhp EgVys vkgs %
rs.Í cgqrÓ tUeÓ ekfxyÓ ‰ fo”sikapÓ ikf.oGÍ >kfMyÓ ‰
Lokeh ek/oukƒ
33

Eg.ksfu mitr[Íoks cqMkyh ‰ yXu?fVdk ‰‰ Kk\ 6–471
vusd tUe lk÷Auk ?Myh] Eg.wu eyk rkcMrksc Kku >kys\ ,„goh
vkReKku rRdkG gks.s æD; ukgh\ R;klkBh ‘lnΩxq: iknlsou’ djkos
ykxrs\ iknlsou Eg.ts lnΩxqÔaps ik; psi.s] MksÅ psi.s uOgs\ rh lsok
vR;ar xkS. vkgs\
,dk lnΩxqÔaps nksu fæÆ; fuR; R;kaP;k toG jkgwu R;kaph lsok
djr gksrs\ ,d fæÆ; R;kaps mtos vax psir vls] ,d Mkos vax psir
vls\ ,d fnol mtos vax psi.kjk fæÆ; xSjgtj jkfgyk\ rsOgk
lnΩxqÔauh lkafxrys] πvkt mtos vax rwp psi\∏ R;koj R;k fæÆ;kauh
lnΩxqÔaps Mkos vax fuR;k^ek.s pkaxys psiys\ i. mtos vax nkrvksB
[k˜u psiys\ dkj. rh vkiyh cktw uOgrh\ æsoVh lnΩxq: R;kyk
Eg.kys] πckck jsø gh lsok iqjs\∏ nqljs fnoæh nqljk fæÆ; vkyk\
lnΩxqÔauh R;kyk vknY;k fnolkph gfddr lkafxryh\ R;kcjkscj rks
fæÆ; jkxkowu Eg.kyk] πvls R;kus Åys dk;= eh c?wu ?srks\∏ æsoVh
lnΩxq: Eg.kys] πrqeph lsok vkrk iqjs\∏ Eg.wu vls ‘lnΩxq: iknlsou’
gks˜ ædr ukgh\
,dk VsdMhoj ,d lnΩxq: jgkr gksrs\ R;kauk nek gksrk\ ,d
fnol jk(h ckjk oktrkp R;kauk nE;kpk [wi (kl Ogk;yk ykxyk\
Eg.wu R;kauh ,dk fæÆ;kyk cksykowu lkafxrys] VsdMhP;k ik;F;kæh ,d
O;fâ jgkrs\ frP;k dMwu ,d fofæÆV i*rhus r;kj Åyssys iku ?s˜u
;s\ R;kus ek>k nek deh gks∫y\∏ rs ,sdwu rks fæÆ; Eg.kyk] πvkiys
pj. lksMwu dlk tk˜=∏ lnΩxq: dk; rs letys\ R;kauh nql„;k
fæÆ;kyk iku vk.≥;kl lkafxrys\ R;k^ek.s nqljk fæÆ; rkcMrksc
VsdMh mrÔu iku ?s˜u vkyk\
R;kuarj dkgh fnolkauh xkokrhy ,d Jhear x`gLƒ lnΩxqÔauk
vkiY;kdMs Hkstukyk cksyfo≥;kl vkys\ lnΩxqÔatoG nksUgh fæÆ;
gksrsp\ lnΩxq: R;k x`gLƒkauk Eg.kys] πeh dksBsgh Hkstukyk tkr ukgh\
i. ek>s gs fæÆ; vkgsr\ ;kaP;kiSdh ,dt. ;s∫y\ lnΩxqÔauh nksUgh
fæÆ;kadMs ikfgys\ ,d fæÆ; Eg.kyk] πeh ;sƒs vkiY;ktoG jkgrks\∏
34 leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ

nqljk fæÆ; tks iwohZ VsdMh mrÔu vkS"÷A vk.k;yk r;kj uOgrk rks
Hkstukps fuea(. Lohdkjk;yk rkcMrksc r;kj >kyk\ rks Eg.kyk]
πvkiyh vkKk dæh eksMw=∏ ex ifgyh vkKk uOgrh dk=
lnΩxq: iknlsou Eg.ts lnΩxqÔauh ts lkafxrys rs dj.s\ R;kauh
lkafxrys ‘Jhjke t; jke t; t; jke’ Eg.\ rj jk(afnol uke pkyw
ikfgts\ R;kpk ÷;kl ?sryk ikfgts\ vkiY;kyk ijekƒkZe÷;s tj dkgh
maph xkBk;ph vlsy] ujtUe lkƒZd dÔu ¿;k;pk vlsy rj lnΩxq:
lkaxrhy R;k^ek.s lk÷Auk djk;yk ikfgts\ ujtUe gh iqUgkiqUgk
feG.kjh xksÆV ukgh\
ojdM nsgs gÍ dkckM ‰ ujnsg eksBÍ ?ckM ‰
ijarq ikfgts tkM ‰ foosd jpuk ‰‰ nk\ 20–5–26
vkRekukRe foosd ikfgts\ vkRek dks.] vukRek dks. gk tj foosd
ulsy rj ujtUe ok;k tkrks\
ujnsgek|a lqyHa lqnqyZHa Iyoa lqdYia xq:d.Z÷Akja ‰
e;kuqdwysu uHLorsfjra iqekUHokÏC÷A u rjsRl vkRegk ‰‰
rks vkRe?krdhp vkgs\ leƒkÛuh vkRegR;kjk vlk æCn okijyk vkgs\
;kpk vƒZp vlk dh ;k ujtUekr ;s˜u tj vki.kyk rÔu tk;ps
vlsy rj ;k i*rhus tk;yk ikfgts\ ‘vk÷AÓ v÷;kReJo. ‰ ex
lnΩxq:iknlsou ‰’ lnΩxqÔaph lsok djrkuk dnkfi daVkGk ;srk dkek
u;s\ R;klkBh ^ƒe lnΩxqÔapk æks÷A ¿;k;yk ikfgts\ lnΩxq: vkiksvki
leksj ;s˜u mHs jgkr ukghr\ ‘lnΩxq: vkiSlk HsVsfp xk’ vls
KkusΔoj egkjktkauh EgVys vlys rjh vki. R;k Hzekr jkgw udk\
R;kapk fopkj œkj osxGk vkgs\ dkgh eaMGh rso

ikikpk va÷Adkj fœVyk dk= ex ‘tks ts okaNhy rks rs ykgks’ iF;
ikGys dk= iF; ulsy rj vkS"÷Akpk mi;ksx dk;= T;kauh ifgys
lxGs Åys vlsy R;kauk KkusΔojkaps opu ^ek.\ i. ex rks ekx.kjp
ukgh nqljs dkgh\ rks Eg.sy] πeyk vkRelk”kRdkj gks˜ ns\ nso dks.
rs dGw ns\ xhrk] KkusΔojh] nklcks÷Akpk vƒZ dGw ns\∏ vls R;kps
ekx.s vlsy vkf. væk ekx≥;k r`Ir dj≥;kps lkeF;Z ;k larkatoG
vlrs\
,dnk ,d Hfxuh ek˘;kdMs vkY;k vkf. Eg.kY;k] πeh
ikolyk tk.kj vkgs\ i. rsƒs Lokeh LoÔikuan œkjls cksyr ukghr
vls dGys\∏ eh EgVys] πgks\ i. vkiyh vMp. dk; vkgs=
ijekƒkZrhy dkgh fopkjk;ps vkgs dk=∏ R;k Eg.kY;k] πijekƒZ tk˜
|k gksø i. ek>s vkf. ;tekukaps vftckr iVr ukgh] R;klaca÷Ah
fopkjk;ps vkgs\∏ R;k Hfxuh vR;ar Jhear gksR;k\ caxyk] xkMÇk loZ
gksrs\ i. rs ifriRuh ,desdkaleksj vkys dh fculk;ps\ eh R;kauk
EgVys] πgk ^Δu Lokehth lksMo.kj ukghr\ rs Eg.rhy] ‘rqEgh
ijesΔojkps uke ¿;k\’ ÷;kukyk clk\ rqeps ikgwu dnkfprΩ rqeps
;tekuns[hy ækari.s ÷;kukyk clrhy\ nks?kaps eu ikyVsy\ la?"Z
feVsy\∏
lnΩxq:aikæh xsY;koj vki. dk; ekxk;ps rs dGys ikfgts\
πeh dks. vkgs= ijekRek dks. vkgs= ijekRek vkf. eh ,dp vkgs
vls loZ lar lkaxrkr R;kph vuqHwrh eyk |k\∏ vls ekxkos\
nsoin vkgs fuxqZ. ‰ nsoinÓ vuU;i. ‰
gkfp vƒZ ikgrka iw.Z ‰ lek÷Aku ok.s ‰‰ nk\ 6–6–32
nso fuxqZ. vkgs\ ehgh rksp vkgs\ gs vuqla÷Aku dnkfigh f

lnΩxqÔaph lsok djr vlrk R;kapk ^lkn ^kIr gksrks\ lR;ukjk;.kpk
^lkn osxGk\ yksd iksƒhyk u tkrk ^lknkyk tkrkr\ vlR; Hk".kus
dk; gksrs rs iksƒhr lkafxrys vkgs\ ‘usgeh lR; cksykos’ gk R;kpk
efrrkƒZ vkgs\
lnΩxq:Îik >kY;kuarj ^ƒe y”kr ;srs rs ‘rks vkf. eh ,dÔi
vkgs\ foHâ ukgh\’
vkRefuosnukpÍ y”. ‰ vk÷AÓ ikgkoÍ eh dks. ‰
ex ijekRek fuxqZ. ‰ rks oksG[kok ‰‰ nk\ 8–8–13
vkiyk vki.kl ykH ‰ gÍ Kku ije nqàH ‰
tÍ vkfnvarh Lo;aH ‰ LoÔifp Lo;Í ‰‰ nk\ 5–6–15
R;kyk LoÔikuan ^kIr gks.kjp\ lnΩxqÔaph ^lUurk ÅOgk ^kIr gksrs=
ex vfHUuk b;k lsok ‰ fp® fe;kafp Hjsy tsOgka ‰
ek>k ^lknq tk. rsOgka ‰ laiw.Z tkgyk ‰‰ Kk\ 18–1269
vfHUu lsok Eg.ts vkRefuosnu\
vkRefuosnuk mijh ‰ fu[G oLrq fujarjh ‰
vki. vkRek varjh % ‰ cks÷A tkyk ‰‰ nk\ 6–2–41
R;k cz©cks÷AÍ cz©fp tkyk ‰ lalkj[sn rks mMkyk ‰
nsgks ^kjC÷AÓ Vkfdyk ‰ lkodkæ ‰‰ nk\ 6–2–42
;klh Egf.ts vkReKku ‰ ;s.Í ikfots lek÷Aku ‰
ijcz©Ó vfHUu ‰ Hâfp tkyk ‰‰ nk\ 6–2–43
vkrka gks.kj rÍ gks;suk dka ‰ vkf. tk.kj rÍ tk;suk dka ‰
rqVyh eukrhy vkæadk ‰ tUee`R;kph ‰‰ nk\ 6–2–44
lalkjÓ iqaMkoÍ pqdyÍ ‰ nsoka Hâka ,sD; tkyÍ ‰
eq“; nsokl oksGf[yÍ ‰ lRlaxsdÔfu ‰‰ nk\ 6–2–45
é rrΩ lrΩ
t; t; j?qohj leƒZ
ı
Lokeh ek/oukƒ
37

3\
rLekrΩ fopkj djkok ‰ nso dks. rks oksG[kok ‰
vkiyk vki. æks÷A ¿;kok ‰ var;kZeÓ ‰‰ nk\ 4–9–7
eh dks. ,slk fuokMk ‰ ikgkÍ tkrk rÂo>kMk ‰
fopkj dfjrka m?Mk ‰ vki. ukgÓ ‰‰ nk\ 4–9–8
rÂoÍ rÂo tsOgka ljs ‰ rsOgka vki. dßpk mjs ‰
vkRefuosnu ;s.Í^dkjÍ ‰ lgtfp tkyÍ ‰‰ nk\ 4–9–9
[Lokeh ek/oukƒ ;kaps ‘lR; lk∫ fuy;eΩ’ iq.s ;k okLrwrhy fuR;kps ^opu]
nklcks÷A pkSƒk næd] uook lekl pkyw vkgs\ vkRefuosnu
Hfâ\ ‘Jo.a dhrZua’ iklwu Hâhps ^dkj lqÔ >kys\ rs
‘vkRefuosnuk’e÷;s ifj.r >kys] ifjiw.Z >kys\ vkRefuosnu gh eq“;
Hfâ vkgs vls leƒZ letrkr\ vkRefuosnu ;kpk ƒksMD;kr vƒZ
vki. nsgkus u mj.s\ ek>k nsg] ek>s eu] ek>h cqf*] ek˘;k cq*hyk
gs iVr ukgh vls vki. Eg.r vlrks\ Eg.ts nsg eu cq*his”k eh
dks.hrjh osxGk vkgs] vls vki. letrks\
ijok ,d o`* Hfxuh HsVY;k\ l®jh vksykaMysY;k\ o`*i.kph
loZ fpUgs nsgkoj fnlw ykxyh gksrh\ R;kauh eyk fopkjys] πeh vkrk
dk; lk÷Auk dÔ=∏ eh R;kauk EgVys] πvkrk lk÷Auk væh dkgh dj.s
æD; gks.kj ukgh\ ;ksxkpk v˙;kl vkrk te.kj ukgh\ Kku lksÒga
% rksp eh ;k cks÷Akr ;s.s vkrk æD; ukgh\ R;kpk ljko
ygkui.kiklwu djk;yk ikfgts\ R;klkBh iF;ik.h ikGys ikfgts\
vkrk rs gks.kj ukgh\ rsOgk lksik mik; Eg.ts jkeuke ¿;k\∏ R;k
Eg.kY;k] πrsƒs eu tMr ukgh\ R;k æacwdkyk jkekus ekjys gs ek˘;k
cq*hyk iVr ukgh\∏ vkrk vkyh iapk∫r\ eh EgVys] πbrj lk÷Auk
te.kj ukghr] Eg.wu eh rqEgkyk uke ¿;k;yk lkafxrys\ ijarq jkeuke
?s.s rqeP;k cq*hyk iVr ukgh\ jke Eg.ts rqEgh ,[knh euqÆ;kÎfr
letykr dk= ,[knk Bjkfod vkdkj] LoHko vls letykr dk=∏
Hxoar Eg.rkr %
38 leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ

votkufUr eka ew

gh vkRefuosnukph æsoVph voLƒk\ vkRefuosnu Eg.ts eh u mj.s\
leƒZ vkiY;k [kl æSyhe÷;s ‘vki. dSpk’] ‘vki. dSpk’ vls ^R;sd
vksohe÷;s Eg.rkr\
rÂoÍ rÂo tsOgka ljs ‰ rsOgk vki. dßpk mjs ‰
vkRefuosnu ;s.Í^dkjÍ ‰ lgtfp tkyÍ ‰‰ nk\ 4–9–9
‘rÂokaps xkaBksMs’ gs æjhj vkgs\ rÂokr rÂo felGys Eg.ts vki.
dqBs mjrks= Eg.wu vkRefuosnu vkiksvkip vkgs vls leƒZ Eg.rkr\
i. vkiY;kyk rs ekU; ukgh\ vkiY;kyk gs æjhj ,os æjhj c?k\ nw÷A] rwi] yks.h]
æq* vkgkj fogkj ;kus dls lqanj cuys vkgs\ eyk dkgh >kysys ukgh\∏
vlk æjhjkpk o`ƒk vfHeku vkiY;kyk vkgs\ i. æjhj gs ukæoar
vkgs\ ‘ekæh ika[ ika[Mh rao gs ljs’ ;ke÷;s æadk ckGx≥;kps dk;
dkj.= ‘dky gksrs] vkt ukgh’ vls ?Mrs\ lk„;k larkauh gsp
lkafxrys\ vkiyk vuqHogh rksp vkgs\ ækL(sgh rsp lkaxrkr\ ex R;k
æjhjkph ,o

HorlÍ pkdÓ lwnyÍ ‰ tUee`R;wP;k ‰‰ Kk\ 13–1103
tUee`R;wph th p∂s fœjrkr R;koj t.w gk nsg ?krysyk vkgs\ gs
tUee`R;q vlw nsr\ thoukpk æsoV e`R;we÷;s vkgs gs lokÛuk iVysys
vkgs\ i. rksi;Ûr thou dls ?kyok;ps gk ^Δu vkgs\ yksd
fopkjrkr] “What is after death?” lar lkaxrkr] “What is before
death ;kpk fopkj djk\∏ e`R;qi;Ûr thou tj m®e ?kyoys] O;ogkj
m®e Åyk] yksdkaæh pkaxys okx.s ?Mys] ÷;ku÷Akj.k] ukeLej. Åys]
lnΩxq:Îik laiknu Åyh] lnΩxqÔauh lkafxrysY;k ekxkZus pkyk;yk
ykxyk] mifu"ns] HxonΩxhrk] KkusΔojh] nklcks÷A vkfn xzaƒkaps okpu
Åys\ ækL(kauh ts lkafxrys rsp ek˘;k lnΩxqÔauh lkafxrys] rsp eh
djrks vkgs vkf. ek>hgh rhp vuqHwfr vkgs vls >kys dh laiys\
,d laiw.Z xaxspk ^okg pkyr vkysyk vkgs] vlk thokpk
^okg vkgs\ xaxsP;k dkBh mHs vlrkuk ,dnk jkeÎÆ. Eg.kys]
πunhrwu ,[knk ykdMkpk vkÍMdk ogkr ;srkuk fnlrks\ rks vkiY;kyk
fnlrks R;kiwohZ æsdMks eSy rks ogkr vkysyk vlrks vkf. vkiY;k
úÆVhvkM >kY;kuarjgh rks æsdMks eSy ogkr tkrks\ R;kpk ^okl
vuqL;wrp vkgs\ rks fnlk;yk ykxyk dh R;kyk vki. ‘tUe’ Eg.rks]
rks úfÆVvkM >kyk dh ‘e`R;q’ vls letrks\ oLrqr# vls dkgh ukgh\
th rqEgh eaMGh ijekƒZ djrk vkgkr rh dkgh vkdkækrwu ,dne
vkysyh ukghr\ rh ;k ekxkZus dkgh tUe pkyr vkyh rh vkrk ;sƒs
vkyh\ vki. Eg.rks ;kpk tUe b\ l\ 1950 pk\ i. R;kiwohZ rks
pkyr vkyk vkgs vkf. iqkys\∏
R;klkBh ^R;sd deZ Åys dh ‘é rrΩ lrΩ cz©kiZ.eLrq’ Eg.wu
ijesΔojkyk rs viZ. djkos\ R;kpk vkiY;kyk ysi ykxrk dkek u;s\
,dnk ,dk lk÷Adkus ,Åd :i;k oxZ.h dk

dk; djkos=∏ lnΩxq: Eg.kys] π[wi dÆV ?s˜u eh gs eafnj cka÷Ays
gs foljkos\ t.w dkgh >kysp ukgh vls vlkos\∏ i. lxGÇkr
vo?M gh xksÆV vkgs\ vkiY;k ekuejkrckP;k dkgh dYiuk vlrkr\
R;keqGs dq.h eku fnyk ukgh dh ok∫V okVrs] jkx ;srks\
rÂoÔi ldG Hkls ‰ foosd ikgkrka fujls ‰
^ÎfrfujklÍ vkRek vls ‰ vki. dßpk ‰‰ nk\ 4–9–10
lxGk ikapHkSfrdkpk ilkjk vkgs\ foosdkus R;kdMs igk;yk xsys dh
dk; gksrs= ukuk ^dkjph ek.ls] iæq] >kMs>qMis fnlrkr\ i.
fopkjiwoZd ikfgys rj y”kr ;srs dh gk uqlrk vkHkl vkgs\ ,[kns
ewy tUekyk vkys] pGoG djk;yk ykxys dh R;kyk ‘vkyk’ vls
Eg.rkr\ rh pGoG can >kyh dh ‘xsyk’ vls Eg.rkr\
,[knk dks.h Kkuh >kyk rj rks Eg.sy] πeh tUekykp vkyks
ukgh\ rsOgk eyk e`R;wgh ukgh\ eh c*p ukgh] rsOgk eyk eqâ
gks≥;kpkgh ^Δu ukgh\ eh v[aM] vuqL;wr] ek˘;k vkuankr
lfÁnkuanÔikus fLƒr vkgs\ eh lfÁnkuanp vkgs\ ek˘;kr fnl.kjs
dke] ∂ks÷A] eRlj] naH gs lxGs ^Îrhps [sG vlwu eh Lor#yk ;k
^Îrhiklwu ÅOgkp vyx Åys vkgs\ dk; vo?M vkgs ;kr= i.
^R;”kr vo?M >kys vkgs [js\ O;klkaiklwu loZ lar lkaxr vkys\
‘rr RoeΩ vfl’ ‘rsp rw vkgsl\’ Eg. ‘vga cz©kfLe’ osnkUrke÷;s
lokZr eksBh vkarfjd lk÷Auk lkafxryh vkgs] rh Eg.ts ‘vga cz©kfLe’
;kykp ‘vga xzgksikluk’ Eg.rkr\ ehp cz© vkgs\ osnkUrkP;k lk÷AusP;k
T;k dYiuk vkgsr R;kr vkB r„gsP;k vkarfjd lk÷Auk lkafxrY;k
vkgsr\ R;k Eg.ts foosd] oSjkX;] æenekfn lk÷Aulaif® vkf.
eqeq”Ro« Jo.] euu] fufn÷;klu vkf. rrΩ RoeΩ inkƒZÏpru\ væk
R;k vkB vkgsr\ ;k vkBkr foæs" varjax lk÷Auk Eg.ts ‘rrΩ RoeΩ
inkƒZ Ïpru’ rsp rw vkgsl\
;kr ‘rrΩ’pk okP;kƒZ vkgs ‘∫Δoj]’ y”kƒZ vkgs ‘cz©’\ ‘Roe’pk
okP;kƒZ vkgs ‘tho’] y”kƒZ vkgs ‘dwVLƒ’\ ‘dwVLƒ’ vkf. ‘cz©’ gs
,dÔi vkgsr vls vki. lnΩxqÔadMwu] vkiY;k vuqHokus letwu
42 leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ

?s.s vkf. R;k^ek.s lk÷Auk dj.s gh vxnh varjaxkrhy varjax lk÷Auk
Eg.wu osnkUr letrks« vkf. ;kp lk÷Auk larkaP;k okîΩe;krgh vkgsr\
i. tj gs ‘rrΩ RoeΩ vfl’ dGys ukgh rj dk; djkos= ex nql„;k
lk÷Auk vkgsr\ ÷;kukyk clkos\ ÷;ku ter ulsy rj ukeLej. djkos\
brj lk÷Auk djkO;k\ dks.rhgh lk÷Auk Åyh rjh æsoVh ‘rrΩ RoeΩ
vfl’ ;kojp tkrk ;srs\ ‘rksp eh vkgs’ ;k cks÷Akrp vki. tk.kj\
‘jke jke’ Eg.r vlrkuk rks ‘jkep’ gks˜u tkrks\ fopkj djkok\
fopkj Åyk dh rÂos jgkr ukghr\ gh th rÂos iljysyh vkgsr R;keqGs
gk foΔokpk vkHkl vkgs\ gs foΔo vkHkflr vkgs ;kfo";hp tj
æadk vlsy rj xksÆV fujkGh\ i. foΔokpk vkHkl fnlrks gs tj [js
vlsy rj dkgh ƒksMs Kku vkf. cjspls vKku ;keqGs rks fnlrks\ tlk
ƒksMk ^dkæ vkf. cjkplk va÷Akj vlsy rj jÊwoj liZ fnlrks\
eh taft„;kyk fædk;yk gksrks\ R;kosGh eh ngk ckjk o"kZpk
vlsu\ leqê fdukjk toG gksrk\ jkst jk(h vkB lkMsvkByk tso.
>kys dh vkEgh dkgh fo|kƒhZ R;k fduk„;koj tk˜u okGoaVkr ækar
iMr vlw\ lkxjkpk rks ?uxaHhj vkokt\ [wi Nku okVr vls\ nqikjh
ækGsP;k e÷AY;k lq±hr vkEgh cjsp osGk R;k fduk„;koj tkr vlw\
R;kosGsyk R;k mUgkr okGoaVkrhy Ïæiys :I;kleku Hklr vlr\
vkrk gs :is vkys dqBwu= rj vkephp Hzkarh] vkepsp vKku ;krwu
:is fuekZ. >kys\ eqGkr :is ukgh Ïæihp vkgs\ rls liZ ukgh] jÊwp
vkgs\ nksjhoj tlk liZ vkHkflr vkgs] rlk eqGkr foΔo ;k ukaokpk
inkƒZ ukgh] ijekRekp vkgs\ R;kP;koj foΔokpk vkHkl vkgs\ R;kyk
osnkUrkpk æCn ‘v÷;kl’ vkgs\ Eg.ts foΔo [ksVs vkgs] vkjksfir
vkgs\ ex tj gs vkjksfir vkgs rj rs dqBwu vkys] dls vkys ;kpk
fopkj rjh dækyk djkok= fopkj dÔ u;s gs pkaxys\ i. rks Hkl
brdk tcjnLr vkgs dh rs dls vkys ;kpk fopkj djkok ykxrks\
ex lkaxkos ykxrs dh vkiY;k vKkukus] Hzkarhus gs foΔo fnlrs vkgs\
eqGkr rs ukgh\
;sd ijcz© lapyÍ ‰ dnkfi ukgÓ fodkjyÍ ‰
Lokeh ek/oukƒ
43

R;kosxGÍ HklyÍ ‰ rÍ HzeÔi ‰‰ nk\ 10–6–9
ijekRE;kosxGk rqyk tks Hkl gksrks vkgs rks HzeÔi vkgs\ vkrk Hkl
fuekZ. dlk >kyk vls tj fopkjæhy rj gh th iapegkHwrs fuekZ.
>kyh R;krwu gk vkHkl fuekZ. >kyk\ uhV fopkj Åyk rj gk
foΔokpk vkHkl laisy vkf. ewG tks ijekRek rsƒs cqf* tk∫y\
rÂoÔi ldG Hkls ‰ foosd ikgkrka fujls ‰
loZ Hkl iapegkHwrkapk vlwu rw foosd dj\ vkRek dks.] vukRek
dks.= lkj dk; vlkj dk;= lkj ,d ijekRekp vkgs\ ts rqyk
fnlrs rs vlkj] ukæ iko.kjs vkgs\ ‘;úÆVarUuÆVa’ gh fLƒrh vkgs\
i. dks.kykgh fdrhgh lkafxrys rjh y”kr ;sr ukgh\ vusd Hfxuh
vardkGh Eg.rkr] ‘ek>s ek>s Hzkarhps vks>s’ Eg.ts æsoVh dGrs dh
gs Hzkarhps vks>s vkgs\ oLrqr# vk÷Ah y”kr ;kos dh vkiyh pkGhæh
myVwu xsyh\ vkrk rjh gfjLej. djkos Eg.ts gs Hzkarhps vks>s
vkiksvki uÆV gks∫y\ gs foΔo vkHkflr vkgs] vlrΩ vkgs vls larkauh
fdrhgh lkafxrys rjh vkiY;kyk rs [jsp okVrs\ gh [jsi.kph th
Hzkarh rh tk;ykp ukeLej. djk;yk ikfgts\ ijesΔoj ^kIrhlkBh
,dgh lk÷Auk ukgh\ dkj. vki. Lor#p ijekRek vkgksr\ i.
vkiY;k vkf. ijekRE;kP;k vkM ;srs vkgs rs gs foΔo\
vxk iß iaMqdqejk ‰ ;srka LoÔikfp;k ?jk ‰
djhrls vkMokjk ‰ foΔokHklq tks ‰‰ Kk\ 15–46
Hxoar Eg.rkr] πvjs vtqZuk] rw tj LoÔicks÷Akoj ;k;yk ykxykl
rj rqyk vMƒGk dj.kjk gk foΔokpk vkHkl vkgs\
v÷AΔpks÷oÛ ^l`rkLrL; æk[k
xq.^o`*k fo";^okyk# ‰
v÷AΔp ewykU;uqlarrkfu
dekZuqcU÷Ahfu euqÆ;yksÅ ‰‰ H\ xhrk 15–2
oj cz©nsokiklwu [kyh Lƒkoj taxeki;Ûr vkf. e÷;s rh lxGh ek.ls
vlk rks lalkjo`” rqVk;pk dlk=
vlöæL(s. ú

q>k R;kP;kæh laca÷Ap ukgh gs rw letwu ?s\ foosd dj\ fopkj dj\∏
gk tj o`” [jk vlrk rj ,okys vlrs= ngkgh fnæk] paêlw;Z] loZ nso]
)f"equh] ;”] xa÷AoZ] fdUuj vkf. vkiY;klkj[h ek.ls] Lƒkoj
taxe loZ xksÆVh T;k o`”ke÷;s vkgsr vlk gk o`” rqV.kj dækus=
ts rqVfy;k eqGkikæÓ ‰ myaMsy dka æk[kaæÓ ‰
ijh rSæh xksBh dk;lh ‰ gk lksik uOgs ‰‰ Kk\ 15–50
vls Kkuksck Eg.rkr\ Eg.ts gk o`” [jk uOgs\ ex ;k vlrΩæh rq>k
lax tMrks dlk= rsOgk ek>k ;k foΔokæh ;ÏRdfprΩgh laca÷A ukgh\
eh ijekRekp vkgs væk cks÷Akr rw jgk« vkf. ex R;k ije÷Akekyk
tk;ps vkgs\
rr# ina rRifjekfxZrO;a
;fLeUxrk u fuorZfUr Hw;# ‰
reso pk|a iq:"a ^i|s
;r# ^o`f®# ^l`rk iqjk.h ‰‰ H\ xhrk 15–4
tsƒwu iqUgk d÷Ah dks.h ijr ;sr ukgh] rsƒs rs feGwup tkrkr\ tæh
xaxk lkxjkyk xsyh dh iqUgk d÷Ah eqjMwu ekxs ;sr ukgh\ rlk gk tho
iw.Z ijekReÔip gksrks\ ,dnk vkRelkxjkyk feGkY;kuarj iqUgk ek?kjh
;sr ukgh\ væh fLƒrh ^kIr gks≥;klkBh dk; djk;yk ikfgts ;kpk
fopkj djk;yk gok\ gs æjhj–gk ÏiM vkf. gs cz©kaM gs nksUgh R;k
rÂokapsp cuys vkgs\ eh rj lfÁnkuan vkgs\ ek>k vkf. foΔokpk
;ÏRdfprgh laca÷A ukgh\ tks dkgh foΔokpk laca÷A vkgs vls eyk o
nql„;kyk okVrs rksgh vkHklp vkgs\ i. gs ,dk,dh iVr ukgh\
dkj. O;ogkj vkiY;ke÷;s brdk eqÔu xsysyk vkgs dh ;k foΔoke÷;s
okoj.kjk eh vkf. gs foΔo nksUgh vlrΩ vkgs gs fdrhgh vkf.
dks.hgh lkafxrys – vxnh Kkunso] leƒZ ;kaP;klkj“;k egkiq:"kauh
lkafxrys rjh vki. rs uqlrs ,sdrks vkf. foΔokP;k ilk„;kr fæjyks
dh loZ folÔu tkrks\ rÂoÔi ldG Hkls ‰ foosd ikgrka fujls ‰
tso

ts txrΩ >kys rs ikapHkSfrd vkf. ek>k nsggh ikapHkSfrd
Eg.wu R;k nksUghpk ,desdkaæh toGpk laca÷A tMyk\ tæh ,[k|k
O;luh] nk:MÇk ek.lkph nql„;k O;luh] nk:MÇk ek.lkæh x±h
ters rls gs >kys] vkf. ;k nsgkfo";h o foΔokfo";h lR;Ro cqf*
vkyh dh R;k lR;Âocq*hyk rsƒwu dkkysyh vkgs\
‘mf®ÆBr tkxzr ^kI; ojkfUucks÷Ar’ vls LiÆVi.s mifu"ns lkaxr
vkyh ‘mBk] tkxs Ogk\’ leƒZ Eg.rkr] πdkgh eaMGh gyoY;koj tkxh
>kY;klkj[h okVrkr i. iqUgk ?± MksGs feGwu >ksiwu tkrkr\ Eg.ts
R;kaph rh LoIukrhy tkx`rh vlrs\∏ rs Eg.rkr] πvkEgkyk loZ dGys\
vkEgh lnΩxqÔauk æj. xsyks\ R;kauh vkEgkyk ‘rrΩ Roe vfl’ gk minsæ
Åyk\ ‘Jhjke t; jke t; t; jke’ Eg.k;yk lkafxrys\ R;k^ek.s
vkEgh lk÷Auk djk;yk ykxyks\∏ i. gh LoIukrhy tkx`rh vkgs\ dkj.
mxhpp rqEgh gs loZ djrk vkgkr\ vtwu rqeP;k y”kr ;sr ukgh
dk dh vki. Lo;eso ijekRek vkgksr\∏
ijarq ,os ^Îfrxr fopkj dk; vkgsr rs eyk ekfgrh
ukghr’ vls gks˜u tkrs\
46 leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ

na æjhja dkSUrs; ”s(feR;fH÷Ah;rs ‰
,r|ks osf® ra ^kgq# ”s(K bfr rf}n# ‰‰ H\ xhrk 13–1
”s(”s(K fopkj pVduΩ djkok\ nsg gs ”s(] eh ”s(K] lxGÇk
fBdk.h eh HÔu vkgs\
”s(Ka pkfi eka fof* loZ”s(s"q Hkjr ‰
loZ nsgke÷;s vlysyk tks vga rks ehp uVwu vkgs\ rh ewG vgark
ehp % T;kP;koj rks ckgsjpk vga Lœqjrks vkgs rks ehp vkgs væk
cks÷Akr tk≥;kpk ^;Ru djk;pk\ rls ÅY;kcjkscj vkiys LoÔi
vkiksvkip vkiY;kyk dGwu ;s∫y\ gk foosd vkgs] gk fopkj vkgs\
leƒZ Eg.rkr] πvlk foosd ÅY;kcjkscj lgtp y”kr ;srs dh gs
vlrΩ vkgs vkf. nsgkP;k] foΔokP;k fBdk.h vlrΩcqf* >kyh dh
lgtp tho jkeÔi gks˜u tkrks\ i. vMp. ghp vkgs dh
fuΔpGkP;k xksÆVh cksyrkr] i. iqUgk papGkdMs ÷Akorkr\
papGp∂krwu ckgsj iMyh væh eaMGh ƒksMh\∏
;k fuΔpGkP;k xksÆVh lkaxrh ‰ iqUgka papGkdMs ÷Akaorh ‰
papGp∂Ó fu?ksu tkrh ‰ ,sls ƒksMs ‰‰ nk\ 11–2–3
ts vlrΩ rs vlrΩ] lrΩ rs lrΩ\ lrΩ vlrΩpk fuokMk dÔu lrΩyk
fpdVwu jkg.kjs vxnh ƒksMs vlrkr] tls leƒZ] rqdksck\ ‘tkGksfu
lalkj cSlykÍ vax.Ó’ vls rqdksck Eg.rkr\ i. ‘tkGksfu’ ;kpk vƒZ
?jkyk dkMh yko.s ukgh\ eukrwu lalkj dkh eqys] eh eksBk
caxyk cka÷Ayk] uohu xkMh ?sryh\ vkpk;Z Eg.rkr % rr# fdeΩ
fonsæs"q ekU;# Lonsæs"q ÷AU;# ‰
lnkpkjo`®s"q e®ks u pkU;# ‰
euΔpsUu yXua xqjksjîΩf÷Aziìs rr# fdeΩ ‰‰
;kr dk; feGoysl= rw fonsækr ekU;ekU;rk ikoykl] Lonsækr
÷AU;rk feGoyhl] eksBk >kykl] i. R;kpk mi;ksx dk;= rq>s
ijesΔojkdMs y” ykxr ukgh\ ‘tho cz©p vkgs’ ,o

Eg.ts ex rks Hâ Hfâ djrk djrk ÅOgkrjh ijesΔojkæh feGwu
tk∫y\ ex rks ijesΔojkiklwu foHâ jkg.kj ukgh] vkf. vkRefuosnu
lgtp gks˜u tk∫y\
lalkjkr vxnh jewu xsysY;k ek.lkyk æsoVh okVrs dh eh
mxhp ‘ek>s ek>s’ Åys\
ekƒka ^iapkpÍ oks>Í ‰ ?s˜u Eg.s ek>Í ek>Í ‰
cqMrkafg u lksMh œqats ‰ dqGkfHekuÍ ‰‰ nk\ 3–10–6
oLrqr# vls Eg.kos dh lalkj tlk vkgs] rlk eh djrks vkgs\ ‘lalkj
djk’ gs lkaxk;yk Kkuksck] rqdksck] leƒZ gs dks.h udksr\ lalkj ek˘;k
æfâcq*huqlkj tlk gks∫y rlk eh lkojrks vkgs\ ;ksX; ekxkZus iSlk
feGorks vkgs\ eqykaph fæ”.s pkyw vkgsr\ lokÛuk vko';d rso

vkf. txkcˆy vR;ar lR;Rocqf* vkgs rh leƒZ mMowu ykorkr\ rs
Eg.rkr] πts fnlrs rks Hkl vkgs\ dk; okVsy rs djk\ jkeukekpk
÷Aksæk ykok] ÷;kukyk lkr vkB rkl clk\ HxonΩxhrk] nklcks÷A]
KkusΔojh ;kps Ïpru euu djk\ dkghgh djk\ ijarq nsgkP;k vkf.
foΔokP;k fBdk.h th lR;Âocqf* vkgs rsokyh rj nksu
rÂos ekurk ;srhy\ oLrqr# ,dp rÂo vkgs\ i. vki. letqrhlkBh
nksu rÂos ekuyh\ ,d ^Îrh] ,d ijesΔoj\ tls Kkuksck Eg.rkr]
πgkp fopkj lka“;kaP;k i*rhus % ,d ^Îrh] ,d iq:" væk
i*rhus rqyk lkaxrks\ eh ,dp vkgs] ehp loZ HÔu vkgs oxSjs
pVduΩ dG.kj ukgh\ ^Îrhpk fujkl dÔu iq:"kdMs tk;ps vkgs
vls EgVys rj dGsy\ ‘,d eq“; ijesΔo: ‰ nqljh ^Îfr
Lokeh ek/oukƒ
49

txnkdk: ‰’ gs rqyk ekU; vkgs\ iapHwrkRed gh ^Îrh txrkpk
vkdkj ÷Akj. dÔu rq˘;kiqh vR;ar x±h
teysyh vkgs\ væh gh ^Îrh vkf. ,d ijekRek tks txrke÷;s
vú'; vlysyk] vkrckgsj O;kiwu vlysyk vlk vkgs\ tæh xksMh
xqGkP;k k nsg nksUgh ,dÔip vkgs\ dkj. nksUgh
iapegkHwrkRed vkgs\ ex eh eh gk tks œqat vkgs] eyk ikfgts] gs
ek>s vkgs gs dqBwu vk.ysl=
lxGÇk larkauk vki. vkiY;k vkpkjfopkjkus] cksy≥;kus]
vfHyk"sus] vklâhus (kgh HxokuΩ dÔu Vkdys vkgs vls eyk okVrs\
Hxoarkaiklwu loZ lar jke ÎÆ. vkfn vorkjh iq:" ;kauk
vki. vxnh gSjk. dÔu Vkdys vkgs\ vki. t.w R;kauk vkOgku nsr
vkgksr dh πrqEgh lq÷AkÔup nk[ok eyk\ vkEgkyk tks dk; cks÷A
|k;pk rks rqEgh |k\ vkEgh Jo. dÔ\ i. iqUgk vkEgkyk ts dk;
djk;ps rs vkEgh dÔ\∏ mifu"nkaiklwu vusd xzaƒ ;k egkRE;kauh
vkti;Ûr fyfgys\ rs loZ okpys\ pkj eksBs vkpk;Z >kys\ æadjkpk;Z]
jkekuqtkpk;Z] oàHkpk;Z] e÷okpk;Z ;kr dks.h }Srh] dks.h
fofæÆVk}Srh] dks.h Åoyk}Srh vls >kys\ R;kaps lxGs xzaƒ vkEgh
okpwu rs ipoys\ oàHkpk;kÛps æq* v}Sr vkf. Hfâ nksUgh ,d(
vlY;keqGs oàH la^nk; [wi eksBÇk ^ek.koj iljysyk vkgs\
50 leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ

lxGÇk larkauh rks ekU; Åyk vkgs\ Eg.ts v}Srkpk cks÷A % ‘rksp
eh vkgs’ gk cks÷A vkf. iqUgk Hfâ\ œkj xksM Htus Eg.r vlrkr
gh eaMGh\ vls lxGs vkpk;Z ƒksj ƒksj vkgsr\ R;kaP;k xzaƒkaoj Vhdk
fyfgrkuk tk.dkj Eg.rkr] ‘rs pkjgh vkpk;Z ∫Δojkps vorkj
vkgsr\’ ijarq v}Srkpk cks÷A ,dne gks.kj ukgh gs y”kr ?s˜u nql„;k
vkpk;kÛuh ^ƒe }Srkpk cks÷A ns˜u rs xzaƒ lq÷Akj≥;kph ijkdkÆBk Åyh\
dkgh fBdk.h }Sr dkgh fBdk.h v}Sr ekukos vlsgh R;kauh lkafxrys\
vls eksBeksBs vkpk;Z fuekZ. gks˜u rs cks÷A ns˜u xsys\ gtkjks ikukaps
xzaƒ >kys\ vki. rs euuiwoZd okpys vkf. euuiwoZd R;kpk R;kx
dÔu vkiys vkpj. tlsP;k rls Bsoys\
loZ mifu"nkaps lkj væh HxonΩxhrk vkEgh okpyh\ vBjk
v÷;k; eq[ksnΩxr Åys\ R;krhy deZ;ksx] Hfâ;ksx] ÷;ku;ksx] Kku;ksx
lxGs okpys\ ‘;( ;ksxsΔoj# ÎÆ.ks ;( ikƒksZ ÷Auq÷AZj#’ okpys\ vkEgkyk
thoukr ‘Jh’ ikfgts ‘fot;’ ikfgts vls EgVys\ i. ;k nksu eaMGÓuk
vkEgh d÷Ahp fopkjys ukgh\ ‘;( ;ksxsΔoj ÎÆ.#’ vkEgkyk udks\ ‘;(
ikƒksZ ÷Auq÷AZj#’ – Hâ rksgh vkEgkyk udks\ vkEgh ;k nks?kauk cktwyk
lkÔu vkeP;k i*rhus ‘Jh’ feGoyh\ vkEgh lxGs xzaƒ ipowu vkeps
dkgh lksMys ukgh gs vkeps oSfæÆVÇ\ væh th eaMGh ‘eh’i.kus
jkfgyh R;kauk leƒZ ‘pksj’ Eg.rkr\
vR;ar vkuanÔi thou txkos vlk vki. ^;Ru djrks vkgksr\
tltls gs ^;Ru ;æLoh gksrkr rlrlk gk vkiY;ke÷As vlysyk pksj
fu?wu tkrks\ eh dks.h ukgh\ ijekRekp ,d vkgs\ rks ;a(h eh ;a(\
rks lkxj eh rjax ;k r„gspk cks÷A vkiY;kyk gGwgGw gksr tkrks\ T;kauk
gk cks÷A gksr ulsy R;kauk leƒZ rGeGwu lkaxrkr %
;sd eq“; ijesΔo: ‰ nqljh ^Îfr txnkdk: ‰
frljk vki. dßpk pks: ‰ vkf.yk e÷AÍ ‰‰ nk\ 4–9–11
eq“; rks ijekRek vkgs\ rks ,desokf}rh; vkgs\ i. rqEgkyk tj gs
dGr ulsy vkf. txrΩ fnlr vlsy rj nqljh iapegkHwrkRed ^Îrh
vkgs\ rh nsgkldV txrkpk vkdkj ÷Akj. dÔu vkgs\ vkrk T;kyk
Lokeh ek/oukƒ
51

fhfhfhfhfhf
rw ‘eh’ Eg.rksl rks frljk pksj vkgs\ ‘,slÍ gÍ fl*fp vlrka’ %
lxGÇk ækL(kauh gs fl* dÔu Bsoysys vkgs\ ‘ukfƒyh ykxs nsgvgark’
ex nsg vgark jkfgyh dksBs= fopkj dÔu igk\ ikp rÂos ,d( vkyh
vkf. nsg fuekZ. >kY;klkj[k fnlyk\ rÂos cktwyk dkk rwafp lkojh ‰‰2‰‰
dBh. R;kojh dBh. >kyÍ ‰ vkrk u fnls mjh ‰‰3‰‰
dksBs tkoÍ dk; djkoÍ ‰ vkjafHyh cksgjh ‰‰4‰‰
nkl Eg.s vkEgh ÅyÍ ikoyks ‰ n;slh ukgh ljh ‰‰5‰‰
fhfhfhfhfhf
fhfhfhfhfhfhfhfhfhfh
52 leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ

4\ vtik–fuÔi.
[Lokeh ek/oukƒ ;kaps lgdkjuxj iq.s ;sƒhy ^opu]
vkt eksBk vkuankpk] HkX;kpk fnol vkgs\ lk÷AdkaP;k
esGkO;kr clrk mBrkuk eksBk vkuan okVrks\ dkj. lk÷Ad JksR;kaleksj
cksy.s] fopkjkaps ns.s ?s.s gs œâ v÷;kRekpsp gks˜ ædrs] vkf. R;k
v÷;kReke÷;sp lkjs lq[] lkjs lek÷Aku] vkuan varHwZr vkgs\
nklcks÷AkrY;k næd lrjk] lekl ikap ;k vtikfuÔi.
leklkoj dkgh cksykos væh loZ eaMGÓph bPNk vkgs Eg.wu gk lekl
?sryk\ 17@5 gk vfræ; egÂokpk lekl vkgs\ lksÒga cks÷Akpk]
lksÒga lk÷Auspk gk lekl vkgs\ ukƒ la^nk;kr th lk÷Auk pkyr
vkysyh vkgs rh fuxqZ. mikluk vkgs gs ^ƒe y”kr ?srys ikfgts\
lksÒga lk÷Auk gh fuxqZ. mikluk vkgs\ fuxqZ.p lxq. >kysys vkgs\
fuxqZ. vkRerÂo dkgh vkdkj ?s˜u lxq. gksrs] tls rs n®k(s;]
vkfnukƒ] Jhjkepaê] xksikGÎÆ.] fujfujkGs lar ;kaP;k vkdkjkus
lxq. >kys\ oklp tlk œwy Ogkok] xksMhp tæh lk[j Ogkoh] ræh
ewG LoÔikph xksMh ikfgts vlsy rj ;k egkiq:"kauk æj. xsY;kus
rh feGrs\ uqlrh xksMh EgVys dh vkiY;kyk dkgh dGr ukgh\ i.
Jh[aM EgVys dh dGrs\ ‘xksMh dGk;k dkj.s ‰ xwG ykxs ns.s’ xqGkpk
[Mk fnyk dh xksMh dGrs\ rls n®k(s;kauk] vkfnukƒkauk æj. xsys
dh fuxqZ. dGrs\
lxq.kpsfu vk÷AkjÍ ‰ fuxqZ. ikfots fu÷AkZjs ‰
lkjklkj fopkjÍ ‰ larlaxs ‰‰ nk\ 6–6–55
;kp iaƒkph vkeph lk÷Auk vkgs\ lksÒga gh fuxqZ. lk÷Auk vkgs\
R;kykp ‘vga xzgksikluk’ Eg.rkr\ Eg.ts iw.Z v}Srkpk gk cks÷A vkgs
vkf. gh lk÷Aukgh ræhp vkgs\ lksÒga gk cks÷A vkgs\ lksÒga gh lk÷Auk
vkgs\ ;sƒs lk÷Auk vkf. lk÷; nksUgh ,dp vkgs\ oLrqr# lxq.kph
mikluk vkf. fuxqZ.kph lk÷Auk ghns[hy ,dp vkgsr\ jke jke
Eg.rk jkefp gksbts %
jkeukeh jaxs eu ‰ dSph Hwd dSph rgku ‰‰
Lokeh ek/oukƒ
53

dSpk jkgs nsgHko ‰ uqjs fnákyklh Bko ‰‰
dSph vk÷Ah Åph O;k÷Ah ‰ vo?h laiyh mik÷Ah ‰‰
fuR; fuokar fuHZ; ‰ Lokeh >kyk jkee; ‰‰
% Lokeh LoÔikuan
Eg.ts jkeuke ?sr ?sr Lokeh LoÔikuan jkeÔip >kys\ xkÍnoysdj
egkjkt jkeÔip >kys\ lxq. mikluk djk« fuxqZ. mikluk djk\
nksUghps lk÷; ,dp vkgs\ lxq.kiklwu lqjokr dÔu fuxqZ.
mikluse÷;s tk;ps vkgs vkf. rks lfÁnkuan ^Hwp eh vkgs vlk cks÷A
dÔu ¿;k;pk vkgs\
dks.rhgh lk÷Auk djk;ph rj ^ƒe ,dkUrkr clk;yk ikfgts
vkf. ekSu ÷Ajk;yk ikfgts\ v[aM yksdkUrkr jkfgys rj lk÷Auk gks.kj
ukgh\ ÅoG ^opus ,sdwu vƒok ^opus dÔu Hkx.kj ukgh\
uk;ekRek ^opusu y˙;# u es÷A;k u cgquk Jqrsu ‰
;esoS" o`.qrs rsu y˙;LrL;S" vkRek foo`.qrs ruqa Loke ‰‰
tuh lkaxrk ,sdrk tUe xsyk ‰ ijh oknosokn rSlkfp Bsyk ‰
mBs laæ;ks okn gk naH÷Akjh ‰ rqVs okn laokn rks ghrdkjh ‰‰
dks.rhgh lk÷Auk ,dkUrkr clwup djk;ph\ vki. c?k % dks.rsgh
lar fnolkps ifgys pkj ikp rkl vkiys vkiY;ktoGp vlrkr\ ‘nso
ek>k] eh nsokpk’ ,„goh rks larp ukgh\ rks lkj[kp tj fœjr jkfgyk
rj lk÷Auk dæh gks.kj= fxjukj ioZrkoj n®k(s;kps Lƒku tj ikfgys
rj y”kr ;s∫y dh ,okyh dh y”kr ;srs] ,dkUrkr clY;k[sjht lk÷Auk æD; ukgh\ i.
,dkUrkr clwu djk;ps dk; gk ^Δu iMrks\ leƒZ lkaxrkr π,dkUr
vkf. ekSu nksUgh vko';d vkgs\∏ 17@5 e÷;s rs Eg.rkr %
,dohl lglz lklÍ tik ‰ usewu xsyh rs vtik ‰
fopkj ikgkrka lksik ‰ ldG dkagÓ ‰‰ nk\ 17–5–1
;sdkarh ekSU; ÷AÔu cSls ‰ lko÷A ikgrka dSlÍ Hkls ‰
lksga lksga ,sls ‰ æCn gksrh ‰‰ nk\ 17–5–7
54 leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ

,dkUrkr Eg.ts vki. ,dVsp ikfgts\ nqljk lk÷Ad toG vlrk
dkek u;s\ vkiyh lk÷Auk >kyh dh ex brj lk÷Adkacjkscj ƒksMs
fœjk;yk gjdr ukgh\ i. ,dkUrkr lk÷Auk ulrkuk yksdkUr dÔ
u;s\ eq“; ,dkUr ex yksdkUr\
dkagÓ xYcyk dkgh fuoG ‰ ,slk dafBr tkok dkG ‰
ts.Ídfjrka foJkarh osG ‰ vki.klh œkos ‰‰ nk\ 19–9–29
,dkUrkr dk; djk;ps= vareqZ[ gks˜u vkiyk Δokl dlk pkyyk
vkgs rs c?k;ps\ Δokl gGwgGw deh djk;yk ikfgtsr\ lar ΔoklkoÔu
vksG[ys tkrkr\ larkapk Δokl tksjkus HjkHj pkyr ukgh\ vkiys
Δokl lk÷Akj.i.s fefuVkyk 15 rs 18 ,o

vgekRek gÍ d÷AÓfp ‰ foljkÍ u;s ‰‰ nk\ 5–10–38
T;kph cqf* gks;s ,slh ‰ osn of.Zrh r;klh ‰
æksf÷Arka ukuk ækL(kalh ‰ u iMs BkbÛ ‰‰ nk\ 8–8–29
,sΔo;Z ,sls rÂorka ‰ ck.s nsgcqf* lksfMrka ‰
nsg eh ,sls Hkforka ‰ v÷Aksxrh ‰‰ nk\ 8–8–30
rks l# Eg.ts foΔoO;kid ^Hq vkf. vga Eg.ts ;k nsgke÷;s nsgkps
vf÷AÆBku vlysyk tho] nksUgh ,dp vkgsr % tlk lkxj vkf.
rjax\
,dkUrkr ekSu ÷AÔu clrkuk MksGs feVysys vlkosr vkf.
ækari.s vkiY;k vkre÷;s tks Δokl pkyw vkgs frdMs y” vlkos\
÷Afjrka lks lkafMrka ga ‰ v[aM pkys lksga lksga ‰
,slh gs vtik ldGklh ‰ ijarq dGs tk.R;klh ‰
lgt lkaMwu lk;klÓ ‰ iMkÍp u;s ‰‰ nk\ 17–5–13
,dkUrkr ekSu ÷AÔu clY;koj ckgsjps lxGs æCn can\ ckgsjpk
dlykgh vkokt vkiY;k vuqla÷Akukr ukgh\ vkrk vkiys ,dp
vuqla÷Aku ykxysys vkgs\ vkrk Δoklkcjkscj pkyysyk rks vR;ar lw{e
lksÒga ÷ouh ,sdk;pk vkgs\ ,dkarkr ækar clY;koj vlk Hkl gksrks
dh R;k thokps lksÒga lksÒga vls v[aM pkywp vkgs\ vkrhy lw{e
lksÒga ÷ouh lkj[k pkyw vlrks\ iq

vaxBÇkoj mHs jkgwu fdrh riΔp;kZ Åyh rh R;kaph R;kaukp Bk˜dø
vkiY;kyk R;k ekukus R;kauh ekxZ lksik dÔu Bsoyk vkgs\
ekxZ nk˜uh xsys ‰ n;kfu÷Ah lar rs ‰‰
rs.sfp iaƒs pkyks tkrk ‰ u iMs xqark dksBs dkagÓ ‰‰
eksMksfu;k ukuk erÍ ‰ nsrh fl*kars lkSjlq ‰‰
fuGk Eg.s ,sls lar ‰ Îikoar xq.Ïl÷Aw ‰‰
rsOgk larkauh ekxZ nk[oyk\ R;k iwohZP;k )f"equÓuh tks dks.h lk÷Ad
ftˆhus lk÷Auk dj.kj vlsy R;kP;klkBh ekxZ lksik dÔu Bsoyk vkgs\
R;k ekxkZoÔu ljG uqlrs pkyk;ps vkgs\ R;klkBh ^ƒe ,dkUr] ex
ekSu vkf. ÷;ku\ ÷Akor iGr gh lk÷Auk gks.kj ukgh\ ‘vklhu#
lEHokrΩ’ vls cz©lw(p vkgs\ lk÷Auk clwup laHors\ cz©lw(kais”k
vk.[h ^ek. dk;= mifu"nkapk fo"; dÔup ikapæs iapkoUu
cz©lw(s O;klkauh fyfgyh\ clwup mikluk laHors\ ^ƒe nksu rhu
rklkaph cSBd ikfgts\ R;k[sjht ‘lnk ;srk tkrk mBr clrk’ lk÷Auk
gks.kj ukgh\ ÷;kukph cSBd ^ƒe\ ex ts lw{e æCn vkgsr ‘rs æCn
lkaMwu cSlyk’ nsg LoLƒ vkgs] cqf* LoLƒ vkgs] ex eugh LoLƒ
gks˜u tkrs\ ‘LofLeuΩ fLƒr#’ vls R;kyk Eg.rkr\ vki. gs lxGs
uhV y”kr ?srys ikfgts\ nklcks÷Akrhy gk vR;ar egÂokpk lekl
vki. fopkjklkBh ?sryk vkgs\ vki. LoLƒ clysyks vkgksr\ nsg
LoLƒ vkgs] cq*hgh LoLƒ vkgs\ i. eu LoLƒ ukgh\ eu vR;ar papy
vlwu R;kps pkapY; lgtklgth tk.kjs ukgh\ eukps pkapY;
jtksxq.keqGs vkgs\ eu ‘gs jtksxq.kP;k [kanh ‰ rjGr vls’ vls EgVys
vkgs\ eukyk iSlk] xkMh] caxyk lkj[s dkghrjh ikfgts vkgs gk
jtksxq. tk.kj dlk= lÂoxq.kus jtksxq.kyk Nsn tkrks\ lk÷As jkg.s]
lk÷As cksy.s] lk÷As fopkj] lk÷As vUu] larkaph laxrh] jkeuke] ÷;ku
;k lÂoxq.kauh reksxq. fu?wu tkrks\ ex eukps pkapY;gh tkrs vkf.
ex rks LoLƒ gksrks\ ukghrj ÷;kuklkBh MksGs feVys js feVys dh fopkj
lqÔ\ Eg.wu ÷;kukph osG Bjysyh ikfgts\ R;kosGh dks.kphgh HsV
¿;k;ph ukgh\ vxnh iar^÷Aku vkys rjh ukgh\
Lokeh ek/oukƒ
57

xq:nso jkuMs ;kaph ,d xksÆV lkaxrkr\ rs ÷;kukyk clys
vlrkuk R;kosGps jkÆV_k÷;” MkW\ jk÷AkÎÆ.uΩ R;kauk HsV≥;klkBh
vpkud vkys\ dnkfprΩ vk÷Ah osG Bjysyh vlsygh\ i. ÷;kukph
ÅOgk dks.kyk ygj ;s∫y rs lkaxrk ;sr ukgh\ rh vkrwu ;s.kjh LœwrhZ
vkgs\ vkrwu ;s.kjs fuea(. vkgs\ rs ÅOgk ;s∫y rs lkaxrk ;sr ukgh\
ex R;kosGh fdrh oktys] Hkstukph osG >kyh vls dkgh ulrs\
R;k^ek.s jk÷AkÎÆ.uΩ HsVk;yk ;k;ps gs xq:nsokauk ekfgrh gksrs\ i.
R;kauk ÷;kukph LœwrhZ vkyh vkf. rs nkj ykowu clys\ rs clys
rso

vkgkjkus – ik.hiqjh] HsG oxSjs – jtksxq. fnolÍfnol cfyÆB gksr
tkrks\ eukps pkapY; okkyk dh ækari.kus ekSu
÷AÔu LoLƒ clrk ;srs\ nsg LoLƒ] cqf* LoLƒ] eu LoLƒ\ ex –
fp®fp gkjiys vo?s ‰ pSrU;fp >kys gks ‰
ns[rk ns[rk vo?s ‰ foΔo ekoGys ‰
ikgrk ikgrk vo?s ‰ loZLo Bdys ‰
eu jkeh jaxys vo?s ‰ eufp jke >kys ‰
lckÌ v˙;arjh vo?Í ‰ jkeÔi dkÍnys ‰‰
vls gks˜u tkrs\ R;klkBh %
rw eu gÍ ehfp djh ‰ ekf>;k HtuÓ ^se ÷AjÓ ‰
loZ( ueLdkjh ‰ et ,dkrÍ ‰‰ Kk\ 9–517
lxGÇk fBdk.h ,dp ijekRek vkgs vlk cks÷A >kyk dh fp®
pSrU;Ôi gksrs\ T;k eukpk O;ki vlrks rs eup LoÔike÷;s fueXu
gks˜u tkrs\ R;k eukyk rks Nanp ykxrks\ LoÔikP;k fBdk.h foJkarh
vkgs\ brj fBdk.h foJkarh ukgh gs eukyk ,dnk dGys dh rs
LoÔike÷;sp Mwc ns˜u jkgrs væh gh ÷;kukph fLƒrh vkgs\
rs æCn lkaMwu cSlyk % LoLƒ >kyk\ mifu"ns Eg.rkr %
;nk iapplepkofrÆBUrs Kkukfu eulk lg ‰
cqf*Δp u fopsÆVfr rkekgq# ijeka xfreΩ ‰
iap KkuÍfê;s] desÛfê;s tsOgk euklfgr LoLƒ clrkr] cqf* dlyhgh
psÆVk Eg.ts gkypky u djrk LoLƒ jkgrs R;kyk ‘ijexrh’ Eg.rkr\
rsOgk eu fLƒj dj≥;klkBh jtksxq. rkC;kr vk.k;yk ikfgts\
eu fLƒj gksrs ;kpkp vƒZ rs LoÔike÷;s Mwc ns˜u jkgrs\ ,„goh eu
fLƒj gks.sp æD; ukgh\ eu fLƒj gks≥;klkBh rs pSrU;Ôip Ogk;yk
ikfgts\ ckdh dækus eu LoPN dj.kj= ,[k|k m®e lkc.kuh
dksGlk ÷Aqryk rj rks dk; LoPN gks∫y= R;kyk ,dp ekxZ vkgs\ T;k
fu[k„;krwu rks vkyk rsƒsp R;kyk Vkdk;pk Eg.ts rks ykyHMd gksrks\
R;kpk dkGsi.k tkrks\ rls eu tj æq*] fueZy djk;ps vlsy R;krhy
dke] ∂ks÷A] eRlj] naH bR;kfn fodkj tj dk

j rs eu LoÔike÷;sp yhu djk;yk ikfgts\ rqdksck Eg.rkr rls
Ogk;yk ikfgts\
dke ukgh dke ukgh ‰ >kykÍ ikgÓ fjdkek ‰‰1‰‰
œkoY;k R;k dÔa psÆVk ‰ fuΔpG êÆVk cSlksfu ‰‰2‰‰
ulR;k NanÍ ulR;k NanÍ ‰ tx fouksns foOgGrls ‰‰3‰‰
,dk,dÓ ,dk,dÓ ‰ rqdk yksdÓ fujkGk ‰‰4‰‰
vls tj >kys rj rks euqÆ; dks.kojgh jkxkor ukgh] dke ∂ks÷A
Vkdwu nsrks\ tj d÷Ah jkxok;psp >kys rj vk∫ tæh eqykoj jkxkors
rlk R;kpk jkx vlrks\
ijh vfgrÓ dksiksfu lksi ‰ ykyuÓ e˜ tSlÍ iqÆi ‰
fr;s ekrspÍ LoÔi ‰ tSls dka gks; ‰‰ Kk\ 16–123
vk∫ eqykP;k dY;k.klkBh R;kP;koj jkxkors] rls rs brjkaP;k
dY;k.klkBh R;kaP;koj jkxkorkr\ ukgh rj jkxorp ukghr\ ækar
jkgrkr\ eh Lokeh LoÔikuankauk d÷Ah jkxkoysys cf?rys ukgh\ R;kaP;k
eukfo:* dk; ƒksMÇk xksÆVh gksr vlrhy dk= Ïdcgquk larkaps vkf.
brj yksdkaps usgehp fculysys vlrs\ lar T;k ikrGhoj vlrkr R;k
ikrGhph % R;kaP;k eukph] cq*hph dYiuk lkekU; yksdkauk dnkfigh
;s.kj ukgh\ yksd vkiY;k œwVi±hus larkauk ekstk;yk tkrkr vkf.
rh œwVi±h vR;ar rksdMh vlrs\ larkauk vkiijHko ukgh] yksH ukgh\
R;kauk dke ulrks] i. ^se vlrs\ ex R;k ^sekus rs dkgh xksÆVh
djk;yk xsyks dh yksdkauk okVrs rsgh vkiY;klkj[sp ,d vkgsr\
rsOgk nsg LoLƒ >kyk] eu LoLƒ >kys] jtksxq. xsyk] cqf* ækar
vkgs] Hyrs fuΔp; djhr ukgh] ex %
rs æCn lkaMwu cSlyk ‰ rks ekSuh Eg.kok Hyk ‰
væk r„gsus tj dks.h lk÷Ad clyk rj R;koj Kkuksckaph ,d lqanj
vksoh vkgs\
æjhj okpk ekul ‰ fi;kyh ÎrfuΔp;kpk dksæ ‰
,d ehokpwafu okl ‰ u ikgrh vku ‰‰ Kk\ 13–604
^ƒe æjhj] eu] okpk ;kauk vkojk;ps vkgs vkf. ex ÷;kukyk
60 leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ

clk;ps vkgs\ æjhj dkghgh djrs vkgs] eu dqBsgh HVdrs vkgs] ok.h
dkghgh cksyrs vkgs] vls tj >kys rj fpnkdkæ Eg.tsp ewf÷uZ
vkdkæ] ≤n;kdkæ ;ke÷;s rs eu ^k.klfgr fLƒj gks.s] yhu gks.s
æD; ukgh\ Eg.wu gs loZ lkaHkGkos ykxrs\
gk ‘vtikti’ lgt vlY;keqGs eqˆke R;kpk ti djkok ykxr
ukgh\ xksj”ukƒkaiklwu loZ larkauh gkp ti lkafxryk\ eÏPNêukƒkadMwu
xksj”ukƒkauk minsæ >kyk R;kr rs Eg.kys] πeh rqyk ekxZ lkafxryk\
rƒkfi iq

5\ nsgkrhr oLrq vkgs ‰ rÍ rwa ijcz© ikgs ‰
nsglax gk u lkgs ‰ rqt fonsgklh ‰‰ nk\ 8–8–28
[Lokeh ek/oukƒ ;kaps ckjkerh ;sƒhy ^opu]
JhleƒkÛpk nklcks÷Aklkj[k gk ifo( xzaƒ vkf. vki. Hkfod
lk÷Ad Jksrs vlk gk nqyZH laxe vkt ;sƒs vkgs\ oâk uqlrk mi;ksxh
ukgh\ R;kyk Jksrk ikfgts\ Jksrk Hkfod] Kkuh vlyk rjh mi;ksxh
ukgh\ R;kyk oâkgh rlkp ikfgts\ Jksrk oâk nksUgh pkaxys feGkys
rj v÷;kRekpk iwj ;k xzaƒke÷;s vkgs\
nklcks÷A] KkusΔojh] ukƒ Hkxor] rqdksckaph xkƒk gs
egkjkÆV_krhy pkj osnp vkgsr\ osn dG.s dBh.\ dkj. osnkaph tquh
laLÎr Hk"k vkgs\ rh lokÛuk dG.s lqxe] lqyH ukgh\ R;keqGs R;kr
vkiyk ^osæ gks˜ ædr ukgh\ Eg.wu larkauh eksBÇk ÎikGwi.kus gs
pkj xzaƒ fygwu Bsoysys vkgsr\ ,sfgd thou vkf. ijekƒZ ;kaph lkaxM
?ky.kjk nklcks÷Aklkj[k mRÎÆV xzaƒ nqljk ukgh\ lk÷Adkauk useÅ
vpwd ekxZnæZu dj.kjk gk xzaƒ vkgs\ ;sƒs lxGÇk dYiuk lqLiÆV
dÔu lk÷;k æCnkr ekaMysY;k vkgsr\ lar dks.kyk Eg.kos=
tks tk.sy Hxoar ‰ r;k ukao cksfyts lar ‰
tks ækΔor vkf. vækΔor ‰ fuokMk djh ‰‰ nk\ 6–1–16
vkrk ;k[sjht nqljh larkaph y”.s lkaxk;yk udks\ lar Eg.ts dk;
;kfo";h dks.kP;k eukr Hze] æadk vlsy rj ;k vksohps Lej. Åys
rjh y”kr ;s∫y dh gk lar vkgs] gk lar ukgh\ vkiY;k cq*hus
larkaph ikj[ gksr ukgh\ larp larkaph ikj[ dÔ ædrkr\ rsOgk ƒksj
ƒksj lar eaMGÓuh larkafo";h dk; EgVys rs cf?rys Eg.ts lar dks.
vkf. brj eaMGh dks. gs y”kr ;srs\ ækΔor dk; vækΔor dk;]
lrΩ dk; vlrΩ dk;] ”.Haxqj dk;] fpjdky fVd.kjs dk; ;kpk
fuokMk fufΔpri.s tks djrks rks lar\
pGsuk

T;kps varjÓ Kku tkxs ‰ rksfp lk÷Aq ‰‰ nk\ 6–1–18
yksdkae÷;s vlyks dh vki. lgtp lalkjkP;k xksÆVh cksyk;yk ykxrks\
lar rks tks tuke÷;s jkgrks] R;kaP;klkj[kp fnlrks\ rƒkfi rks væk
xksÆVh djr ukgh\ jkeÎÆ. ijegal Eg.r] πek˘;k lk÷AdkoLƒse÷;s
dks.h lalkjkP;k xksÆVh dÔ ykxyk dh ek˘;k MksD;kr dkBh
ekjY;klkj[s okVr vls\∏ lalkjkP;k R;kp R;kp xksÆVh cksywu yksdkauk
daVkGk dlk ;sr ukgh= Eg.ts lar lalkjkr vlrkr] i. lalkjkP;k
xksÆVhr jer ukghr vls fnlrs\ leƒkÛuh LiÆV æCnkr larkaph y”.s
fnyh vkgsr\ KkusΔoj egkjktkauhgh larkaph y”.s fnyh vkgsr\ i.
R;kaph Hk"k dG.s vo?M\
pyka dYirÔaps vkjo ‰ psruk Ïprke.Óps xkao ‰
cksyrs ts v.Zo ‰ ih;w"kps ‰‰ Kk\ 18–1798
gs lxGs larkapsp o.Zu vkgs\ i. %
tks tk.sy Hxoar ‰ r;k ukao cksfyts lar ‰
;k lk÷;k Hk"sr vkiY;kyk lar dGrkr\ nklcks÷A gk xzaƒ lk÷Adkauk
vR;ar toGpk vkgs\ c* dks. rs useÅ lkafxrys vkgs\
gkrh êO;kph tiekG ‰ dkark÷;ku loZdkG ‰
lRlaxkpk nqÆdkG ‰ ;k ukao c* ‰‰ nk\ 5–7–39
;k y”.kr vki. cjkscj lkiMrks\
voxq.kpk dÔfu R;kx ‰ ts.Í ÷Afjyk larlax ‰
r;kfl cksfyts ex ‰ lk÷Ad ,slk ‰‰ nk\ 5–9–2
tks larkafl æj. xsyk ‰ lartuÓ vkΔokflyk ‰
ex rks lk÷Ad cksfyyk ‰ xzaƒkarjÓ ‰‰ nk\ 5–9–3
minsfæyÍ vkReKku ‰ rqVyÍ lalkjca÷Au ‰
úkY;kfæok; rks lk÷Ad gks˜p ædr ukgh\
leƒkÛP;k nklcks÷AkoÔu gs dGrs\ Eg.wu gk xzaƒ iqUgkiqUgk okpkok]
R;kpk v˙;kl djkok\ R;kr ts lkafxrys vkgs rs var#dj.kr
Lokeh ek/oukƒ
63

eqjo≥;klkBh iqUgkiqUgk R;kph vko`f® djkoh\ vls xzaƒ ,dnkp ,sdwu]
okpwu Hkxr ukgh\ dkgh eaMGh Eg.rkr dh vkEgh nklcks÷A] KkusΔojh
,dnk okpwu Vkdyh\ i. gs xzaƒ uqlrs okpwu Vkd≥;klkj[s ukghr\
rs okpk;ps] R;kps Ïpru djk;ps vkf. R;ke÷;s lkafxrys rls gks≥;kpk
vki. ^;Ru djk;pk\ gh vrh vo?M xksÆV vkgs\ ,„goh
‘vko`f®jlÎnqinsækrΩ’ vls cz©lw(kauh dækyk lkafxrys vlrsø
mifu"nkr )f"equÓuh] HxonΩxhrsr Hxoarkauh] KkusΔojhr Kkunsokauh]
nklcks÷Akr leƒkÛuh] xkƒsr rqdksckauh] Hkxorkr ukƒkauh lkafxrys
R;kP;k iqUgkiqUgk vko`Â;k djkO;kr\
lsfoyÍp lsokoÍ vUu ‰ ?sryÍfp ¿;koÍ thou ‰
rSlÍ Jo.euu ‰ ÅyÍfp djkoÍ ‰‰ nk\ 7–8–47
rsp rsp dk; ,sdk;ps vls Eg..s cjkscj ukgh\ vki. ijesΔojLoÔi
>kY;koj ex ukgh ,sdys rj ,d osG pkysy\ i. 1968 e÷;s eh
^ƒe ikaolyk xsyks rsOgk iw\ Lokeh LoÔikuan ^opu ,sdk;yk clys
gksrs\ KkusΔoj egkjkt KkusΔojh lkaxr gksrs] rsOgk fuo`f®ukƒ ,sdk;yk
clr gksrs\ Eg.ts fuo`f®ukƒkaukns[hy iqUgkiqUgk ,sdkosls okVr gksrs\
rsOgk gs xzaƒ okpwu Vkdys] ,sdwu lksMys vls Eg..s cjkscj ukgh\
lalkjkyk tls vki. iás ÷AÔu Bsorks rls ijekƒkZyk vki. ÷Ajr
ukgh\ ‘c?w ;k] teys rj dÔ’ vls EgVys rj vki. vkReÔi gks˜
ædr ukgh\ larkauk vkiY;kdMwu vls vfH^sr vkgs dh vki. æq*
ijekƒhZ Ogkos\
nsg ijekƒhÛ ykfoyÍ ‰ rjhp ;kpÍ lkƒZd tkyÍ ‰
ukgÓ rjh gs osƒZfp xsyÍ ‰ ukuk vk?krÍ e`R;iaƒÍ ‰‰ nk\ 1–10–61
nsg ijekƒkZyk ykoyk rj R;kps lkƒZd >kys\ ukghrj nsg gs dkGkps
H{; vkgs\ rks ÅOgkrjh tk.kjp vkgs\
nsg tk∫y tk∫y ‰ ;klh dkG ck [k∫y ‰
dka js uqetlh nxMk ‰ dßps g®h ?ksMs okMk ‰‰
larkauh vkiY;kyk ‘nxM’ EgVys\ brÅ dk vki. nxM vkgksrø th
eaMGh lk÷Auk djrkr] lnΩxzaƒkaps Jo. djrkr] iqUgkiqUgk R;kph
64 leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ

vko`f® djrkr rh rnkdkj gks≥;kpk ^;Ru djrkr\ ‘Ïprus Ïprus
rêwirk’ Ïpru djr rks tho ijekRE;kæh ,dÔip gks˜u tkrks« vkf.
Lo;eso leƒZ] ukƒ] rqdksckp gksrks\ vlk gk nklcks÷A xzaƒ vkgs\
ohl næd nklcks÷A ‰ Jo.}kjÍ ?srka æks÷A ‰
euudR;kZl foæn ‰ ijekƒZ gksrks ‰‰ nk\ 20–10–31
ohl næd nksuhlÍ lekl ‰ lk÷AdÍ ikgkoÍ lkodkæ ‰
foojrka foæs"kfoæs" ‰ dGkÍ ykxs ‰‰ nk\ 20–10–32
nklcks÷A xzaƒkps Jo. ÅY;kus dk; gksrs R;kps o.Zu djrkuk leƒZ
Eg.rkr\
vkrka Jo. Åfy;kpÍ œG ‰ f∂;k ikyVs rRdkG ‰
rqVs laæ;kpÍ ewG ‰ ;sdljka ‰‰ nk\ 1–1–28
ekxZ lkaiMs lqxe ‰ u yxs lk÷Au nqxZe ‰
lk;ksT;eqâhpÍ oeZ ‰ BkbÛ iMs ‰‰ nk\ 1–1–29
ukls vKku nq#[ Hzkarh ‰ æh?zfp ;sƒÍ Kku^kIrh ‰
,slh vkgs œGJqrh ‰ ∫;s xzaƒÓ ‰‰ nk\ 1–1–30
vlk gk xzaƒ vkgs\ leƒkÛps ;k egkjkÆV_koj egku midkj vkgsr\
ijekƒZ vkf. O;ogkj ;kph R;kauh lqanj lkaxM ?kywu fnyh vkgs\
Kkuksck Eg.rkr %
t;ka ,sfgd ÷AM ukgÓ ‰ r;kpÍ ij( iqllh dk∫ ‰
,sfgd lalkjns[hy T;kyk ÷AM djrk ;sr ukgh vlk tks voy”.h
euqÆ; vkgs] rks tj ijekƒkZP;k eksBÇk xksÆVh uqlR;k rkÍMkus cksyw
ykxyk rj dk; mi;ksx vkgsø KkusΔoj egkjktkauh gs iqUgkiqUgk LiÆV
Åys vkgs\
nsgkrhr oLrq vkgs ‰ rÍ rw ijcz© ikgs ‰
nsglax gk u lkgs ‰ rqt fonsgklh ‰‰
nklcks÷AkP;k vkBO;k nædkrhy vkBO;k leklkrhy gh vksoh vkgs\
vfræ; egÂokph vksoh vkgs\ vkBok næd gk Kkunæd vkgs\
R;krhy vkBok lekl gk vkRenæZu fuÔi. lekl\ iw.Z Kkukpk gk
lekl vkgs\ R;krhy gh v^rhe vksoh vkgs\ ;k vksohoÔu y”kr ;srs
Lokeh ek/oukƒ
65

dh leƒZ dks.R;k cks÷AkP;k ikrGhoj xsys gksrs\ ‘nsgkrhr oLrq vkgs’
leƒZ ^ƒep lkaxrkr dh nsgkP;k ifydMs væh ,d oLrq vkgs\ lw{e
oLrq xzg. djk;yk cqf* vfr lw{e ykxrs\ Lƒwy cq*hyk gk fo";
xzg.p gksr ukgh\ lkekU; fo";kps Kkuns[hy vtcp vlrs\ ,dkyk
fopkjys] πikaMo fdrh=∏ R;kus lkafxrys] πcktsP;k [qjkbrÅ rhu
vkf. cksVs nk[oyh nksu\ Eg.ts dkghp ekfgrh ukgh\ Lƒwy úÆVhyk
ts fnlrs R;kfo";h ns[hy vki. fdrh xkÍ÷AG djrks gs y”kr ;srs\
lk÷Ak lalkj djk;pk] i. rksns[hy ukuk ^dkjps xkÍ÷AG ÅY;k[sjht
gksr ukgh« vkf. lar rj Eg.rkr dh ÅoG lalkj dj≥;klkBh gk
ujtUe ukgh\ ÅoG lalkj ÅY;kus ujtUekps lkƒZd gksrs vls dks.kgh
fopkjoarkus EgVysys ukgh\
nsg] nsgfo";d lxGÇk xksÆVh ;k ^R;sdkyk djk;yk ikfgtsr\
i. R;k djr vlrkuk R;krhy lq[nq#[s Hksxr vlrkuk ;k nsgkP;k]
lq[nq#[kP;k ifydMs ijekRek ;k ukaokph ,d oLrq vkgs\ R;k
ijekRE;kph vki. vksG[ dÔu ¿;k;yk ikfgts\ rks ijekRek vpy]
lukru] lfÁnkuanÔi vkgs« vkf. rÂor# rksp rw vkgsl\ loZ
fopkjoarkauh] lk÷Aqlarkauh ,deq[kus gsp lkafxrys vkgs dh ‘nsgkrhr
oLrq vkgs’\ i. væh dkgh oLrq vlsy ;kph cgq÷Ak dks.kyk dYiukp
ulrs\ yksdkauk okVrs dh gk ,d tUe laiyk dh laiys\ vkrk dlyh
oLrq= i. Lƒwy nsg ;sƒsp lairks] rlk Ïyx nsg ;sƒsp lair ukgh\
rlk laiyk vlrk rj cjs >kys vlrs\ i. rls gksr ukgh\
vki. tUeHj ts ts dkgh Åys vlsy % gkrkus] ik;kus]
MksGÇkus] ftHsus % ts ikfgys] [kàs] cksyys vlsy rs loZ lw{e
bafê;kaoj] Ïyxnsgkoj ifj.ke dÔu jkgrkr vkf. ex rks tho
ÎrdekZ^ek.s m÷oZ Ïdok v÷Aksxrhyk tkrks\ Eg.wu ijesΔojkyk Lejkos\
ijesΔojkph mikluk djkoh\ ,okys vlrs\ ex dq.kpkgh xGk nkck] dq.kykgh yqckMk
vkiyh rqacMh Hjyh Eg.ts >kys\ i. rls rs ukgh\ ^R;sdkyk
ÎrdekZpk >kMk |kok ykxrks\ rks >kMk fnY;k[sjht dq.h lqV.kj
66 leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ

ukgh\ ;k Lƒwy nsgkP;k ifydMs lw{e nsg vkgs] dkj. nsg] egkdkj.
nsg vkgs vkf. ;k pkjgh nsgkps fujlu ÅY;kuarj vkRek ;k ukaokph
oLrw vkgs\ dækoÔu vkgs= ;kKoYD;] okfYefd] lxGs vkpk;Z]
Kkunso] leƒZ ;kaP;klkj[h ƒksj ƒksj eaMGh lkaxr vlrkuk vkiY;kyk
æadk dækyk= pkjgh nsgkaps fujlu >kY;kuarj nsgkrhr væh ,d oLrq
vkgs\ rks vkRek vkgs\ R;kykp ijekRek Eg.rkr\ i. vkiY;kyk
R;kP;kæh dk; djk;ps= leƒZ Eg.rkr %
nsgkrhr oLrq vkgs ‰ rÍ rwa ijcz© ikgs ‰
R;k ijcz©kdMs rw igk\ dls igk;ps= nklcks÷A] KkusΔojh] brj ú';
oLrq ikgrk ;srkr\ i.
ú';rs RoXz;;k cq*;k lw{e;k lw{enfæZfH# ‰
vls T;kyk mifu"nkauh EgVys R;kyk igk;ps dls=
vkRekjsok êÆVO;# JksrO;ks eUrO;ks fufn÷;kflrO;# ‰
R;k lfÁnkuan ijekRE;kyk igk;yk ikfgts\ R;k[sjht vkiys thou
lœy gksr ukgh\ rsƒs ikspY;k[sjht vkiys thou ÷AU; gksr ukgh]
vki. lfÁnkuan gksr ukgh\ vkiY;kyk vkiyk vkuan ^kIr dÔu
¿;k;pk vlsy rj R;klkBh gs djk;yk ikfgts\
u laúæs frÆBfr ÔieL; u p”q"k i';fr dΔpuSueΩ ‰
≤nk euh"k eulkfHDy`Irks ; ,rnΩ fonqje`rkLrs HofUr ‰‰
ijekRek gk MksGÇkus ikg≥;kpk] dkukus ,sd≥;kpk fo"; ukgh\ MksGs
dku can dÔu vareqZ[ gks˜u tks ;kyk ikghy] ;kpk vƒZ vlk dh
tks ;kP;kæh lksÒga cks÷Akus rnkdkj gks∫y rksp R;k ijekRE;kyk ikgw
æÅy\ cfgeqZ[ gks˜u R;kyk ikgrk ;s.kj ukgh\ ckgsj fnlrs rh
^R;sdkph ^Îfr\ dkGk–xksjk] L(h–iq:"] ek>k–rq>k gs fnlrs\ ijekRek
fnlrp ukgh\ ^Îrhp fnlrs\ Hxoarkph xq.e;h ek;k fnlrs\ Hxoar
fnlrp ukgh\ ijekRE;kyk ^ƒe MksGs feVwu vkr igk;yk ykxrs\
R;klkBh lxGÇk bafê;kaph] eukph ckgsjph ÷Ako can dÔu vareqZ[
gks˜u ækari.s rks lfÁnkuan LoÔi ijekRekp eh vkgs ;k cks÷Ake÷;s
clk;yk ykxrs\ gGwgGw vkiY;k eukP;k lxGÇk o`®h yhu Ogk;yk
Lokeh ek/oukƒ
67

ykxrkr\ R;kuarj R;k ijekRE;kps næZu gksrs\
^ƒe LoÔilek÷Aku ‰ ikoksfu Bsyk vtqZu ‰
losfp m?Mh ykspu ‰ rao foΔoÔi ns[s ‰‰ Kk\ 11–195
^ƒe LoÔikps lek÷Aku % LoÔikuan\ ex MksGs m?Mwu txkdMs
igk;yk ykxY;koj R;k O;âhph ^Îfr cktwyk gksrs vkf. loZ fBdk.h
,dp lfÁnkuan ?u vkRek v[aM] vœwV HÔu vkgs gs y”kr ;srs\
i. tj LoÔikps lek÷Aku gks≥;kiwohZp MksGs m?Ms Bsowu ckgsj c?k;yk
ykxyks rj foΔo] lalkj] ek.ls fnlk;yk ykxrhy\ ijekRek fnl.kj
ukgh\ Lƒwy xksÆVh igk;yk cqf* ykxr ukgh\ i. lw{e ijekRek tj
igk;pk vlsy rj R;kpk ekxZ dk;=
ijkfapplep [kfu O;r`.rΩ Lo;aHw# ‰
rLekrΩ ijkîΩ i';fr ukUrjkReuΩ ‰‰
dfΔp*hj# ^R;xkRekueS” % ‰
nko`® p”qje`rRofePNuΩ ‰‰ dBksifu"nΩ
;k bafê;kaph LokHkfod ÷Ako ckgsj vlrs\ ãfprΩ dks.h ,[knk ckgsÔu
úfÆV vkr oGorks\ R;k euqÆ;kyk gk fnlrks\
u p”q"k x`Ìrs ukfi okpk ukU;SnsZoSLrilk deZ.k ok ‰
Kku^lknsu foæq*lÂoLrrLrq ra i';rs fuÆdya ÷;k;eku# ‰‰
MksGÇkus] ok.hus] bafê;kus] rikus vƒok dekZus R;k ijekRE;kyk ikgrk
;sr ukgh\ ijarq KkukP;k ^lknkus fueZy o ^lUu >kysY;k eukus gk
ifjiw.Z vlysyk ijekRek ikgrk ;srks\ ;k fBdk.h ikg.s gh f∂;k]
eh ikg.kjk] T;kyk igk;ps rh ,d ek˘;k[sjht nqljh oLrq væh
f(iqVh uÆV gksrs vkf. T;kyk igk;ps rks vkf. ikg.kjk ,dÔi
gks˜u tkrkr\ væk vƒkZus ‘ú';rs’ ‘i';rs’ gs æCn vkysys vkgsr\
nsgkrhr oLrq vkgs ‰ rÍ rwa ijcz© ikgs ‰
nsgkrhr th oLrq vkgs frps vuqla÷Aku rw dj vls leƒZ lkaxrkr\
?jnkj] iSlk] lalkj ;kps Ïpru iqjs\ gs loZ vlys rj vlw ns\ i.
R;kps eeRo ulkos\
ekƒka ^iapkpÍ oks>Í ‰ ?s˜u Eg.s ek>Í ek>Í ‰
68 leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ

cqMrkafg u lksMh œqats ‰ dqGkfHekuÍ ‰‰ nk\ 3–10–6
gs eh] ek>s lksM vkf. R;k nsgkrhr ijekRE;kps vuqla÷Aku dj\ dls
djæhy= eh nsg ukgh] eu ukgh] cqf* ukgh\ R;k nsg eu cq*hP;k
vrhr tks ijekRek vkgs R;kyk rw igk\ R;kps vuqla÷Aku Bso\
bfUê;kf. ijk≥;kgqfjfUê;s˙;# ija eu# ‰
eulLrq ijk cqf*;ksZ cq*s# ijrLrq l# ‰‰ H\ xhrk 3–42
ijekRek tlk lfÁnkuan rlk thogh lfÁnkuan\ ijarq thokus eh nsg]
eu] cqf* vkgs vls vkiY;koj vkjksfir dÔu ?srys vkgs\ oLrqr#
eukP;k dks.R;kgh O;kikjkæh] cq*hP;k dks.R;kgh fuΔp;klh rÂor#
ek>k dks.rkgh laca÷A ukgh\ nsgkP;k lxGÇk gkypkyh ek˘;kæh
;ÏRdfprΩns[hy laca÷A u Bsork gksrkr\ eh ÅoG R;kpk lk”h] êÆVk]
^dkæd vkgs\ eyk dGY;kfæok; dks.rhgh gkypky gks˜ ædr
ukgh\ eh gkr Bsoyk] mpyyk eyk dGrs\ eh MksGs feVys] m?Mys eyk
dGrs\ gk dG.kjk tks vkgs rks ÅoG ;k lxGÇk Kku vKkukP;k
ifydMyk KfIrek( ijekRek rksp eh lfÁnkuan vkgs\ R;kps vuqla÷Aku
ckgsÔu vkr tk˜u djko;kps vkgs\ fdrh osG djk;ps vls fopkÔ
udk\ ftrdk osG vlsy frrdk osG djkos\ ldkG] nqikj] la÷;kdkG]
,dk osGsyk ,d nksu rkl clrk vkys rj clkos\
fuR; use ^kr#dkGÓ ‰ ek÷;kudkGÓ lk;adkGÓ ‰
ukeLej. loZdkGÓ ‰ djhr tkoÍ ‰‰ 4–3–3
lalkj fdrh o"sZ djrks= o;kph lkBh l®jh vksykaMyh rjh lalkjkrwu
eu ckgsj iMr ukgh\ R;keqGs vxnh vkiY;k toG vlysyk ijekRek
vkiY;kyk fnlr ukgh\ R;kps vuqla÷Aku cGsp djkos EgVys rjh rs gksr
ukgh\ eh lfÁnkuan gk cks÷A gksr ukgh\
ikgs ika nw÷A ifo( vkf. xksM ‰ iklh Ropsfp;k injkvkM ‰
ifj rs vOgsÔfu xksfpM ‰ væq* dk; u lsforh= ‰‰ Kk\ 9–57
lar vkiY;kyk nxM] xksphM dk; dk; Eg.rkr\ i. æaHjkr
uO;k≥.o yksdkaph ghp ifjfLƒrh vkgs\ tks ijekƒZ djrks rks ÷AU;\
tks eq[kus ‘jke jke]’ ‘ÎÆ. ÎÆ.]’ ‘foèy foèy]’ Eg.rks] ‘lksÒga
Lokeh ek/oukƒ
69

lksÒga’ djrks R;kpk vƒZ R;kyk ijesΔoj ikfgts vkgs\ i. R;kyk
ijesΔojkps useÅ fBdk. ekfgrh ukgh\ rs fBdk. vkgs ≤n;\
rSlk ≤n;ke÷;Í eh jkeq ‰ vlrka loZlq[kpk vkjkeq ‰
dÓ Hzkarklh dkeq ‰ fo";kojh ‰‰ Kk\ 9–60
rks vkrp vkgs\ ijesΔoj brdk toG vlwu nwj >kysyk vkgs\
cfgjUrΔp Hwrkukepja pjeso p ‰
lw{eRok®nfoKs;a nwjLƒa pkfUrÅ p rrΩ ‰‰ H\ xhrk 13–15
vfo|kdfYir ukeÔio.Z foæs"kdkj vi≤r cqf*okrΩ ‰
uke] Ôi] o.Z] vkdkj ;kauh vi≤r cqf* >kY;keqGs vR;ar toG
vl.kjk gk vkRekjke nwj vkgs] ijdk vkgs vls okVrs\ oLrqr# R;kP;k
brdk toG dks.h ukgh\ vkiyk nsggh R;kP;k toG ukgh\ vki.p
rs vkgksr rÂor#ø ,dnk ‘rksp eh’ vls EgVys dh oLrqr# rls Ogk;yk
ikfgts\ i. rs gksr ukgh\ Eg.wu iqUgkiqUgk ?ksdk;ps\ ‘l# vga’ eukr
;srs dh rks ‘l#’ Åokys dh Ïprk\ ex MkWDVj] vkS"÷As lqÔ\
i. lar lkj[s rGeGwu lkaxrkr R;k ijekƒkZP;k okVsyk vki. vtwu
ykxyks ukgh] ;kph [ar ukgh\ ijekRek gh oLrw T;k Kkukus fnlrs
rs [js Kku\ ckdh loZ vKku\ vkiys ijekRE;kdMs y”p ukgh\
nsgkrhr oLrw vkgs ‰ rÍ rwa ijcz© ikgs ‰
nsglax gk u lkgs ‰ rqt fonsgklh ‰‰
rw fonsgh vkgsl\ ;k nsgke÷;s oLrhdj vkgsl\ Hxoar Eg.rkr %
‘eeSokaæks thoyksÅ thoHwr# lukru# ‰’
ehp rks ^R;” ;k nsgke÷;s oLrhdj >kysyks vkgs\ R;kpkp vaæ\
rksp rks\ tls lw;kZps ^frÏcc vkf. lw;Z ;kr dkgh œjd ukgh] rlk
70 leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ

tho nsgkP;k mik÷Ahus uVysyk vkgs\ Eg.wu R;kyk vaæ Eg.kos\ oLrqr#
vki. Lo;eso vkRekjke vlrkuk R;k vkRekjkekdMs ikB fœjowu
tUeHj vki. tsos lxGs
vk;qÆ; uÆV >kys vkgs\
Jhenk|æadjkpk;Z vkiY;k piZViÑfjdkLrks(kr Eg.rkr %
;kof}®ksiktZulâlΩ rkofUutifjokjks jâ# ‰
iΔpk*kofr ttZjnsgs okrkZ i`PNfr dksÒfi u xsgs ‰‰
tfVyks eq≥Mh yqfappleprÅæ# dk"k;kEcjcgqÎros"# ‰‰
i';Uufi p u i';fr ew< mnjfufe®a cgqÎros"# ‰‰
HxonΩxhrk Ïdfpn÷Ahrk xîΩxktyyodf.dk ihrk ‰
lÎnfi ;L; eqjkfjlepkZ rL; ;e# Ïd dq:rs ppkZeΩ ‰‰
Ht xksfoUna Ht xksfoUna Ht xksfoUna ew

lnk O;xz\ fdrhgh iSls vlksr] vkuan ukgh\ ;kps dkj. R;kr ijekƒZ
felGyk ukgh\ tj uke ?sr ^iap djrk vkyk] ‘rksp eh vkgs’ vls
Eg.rk vkys] ræh cqf* >kyh rjø leƒZ Eg.rkr\
T;kph cqf* gks; ,slh ‰ osn of.Zrh r;klh ‰
æksf÷Arka ukuk ækL(kalh ‰ u iMs BkbÛ ‰‰ nk\ 8–8–29
,sΔo;Z ,slÍ rRorka ‰ ck.s nsgcqf* lksfMrka ‰
nsg eh ,slÍ Hkforka ‰ v÷Aksxrh ‰‰ nk\ 8–8–30
Eg.wu nsgkrhr tks vkgs rks vkRek\ R;kyk igkos\ ÅoG nsgkdMs ikgwu
pky.kj ukgh\ dks.h dkGk vlsy] dks.h xksjk vlsy] dks.h map
vlsy] dks.h cqVdk vlsy] gh lxGh mik÷Ah lksMwu |koh\ ,o

i. vkiY;kyk Hwrsp fnlrkr\ Hxoar fnlrp ukgh\ tj lqusyk okVsy
dh vkiyh lklw gh Hxoar vkgs vkf. lklwyk okVsy dh vkiyh lwu
gh Hxoar vkgs] rjø irhyk okVsy vkiyh iRuh gh HxorΩLoÔi vkgs
vkf. iRuhyk okVsy vkiyk irh HxorΩLoÔi vkgs] rjø iwohZ vkiY;k
Hkjrh; laLÎrhr iRuh irhyk ‘vk;Z’ Eg.r vls vkf. irh iRuhyk
‘nsoh’ Eg.r vls\ vkrk mifu"ns] HxonΩxhrk] KkusΔojh] nklcks÷A ;k
xzaƒkrwu tks æq* ijekƒZ lkafxryk vkgs R;kiklwu vki. P;qr >kyks
vkgksr\ [wi [kyh vkyks vkgksr\
‘nsgkrhr oLrq vkgs’ T;kyk rh lkiMyh] T;kus rh tk.yh] rks
ækΔor lq[kpk ÷Auh >kyk\ esgsjckck Eg.r I am not this body form.
I am the ancient one. ehp rks lukru iq:" vkgs\ Lokeh LoÔikuan
dnkfi nsgnq#[kus nq#f[r >kys ukghr Ïdok dks.R;k lq[kph bPNk
R;kauh Åyh ukgh\ rs Eg.r nsgkP;k lq[nq#[kifydMs ,d osxGs lq[
vkgs] ,d vkuan vkgs\
tks rs vkR;afrd lq[ tk.w ædrks] T;kps R;kyk Kku gksrs rks
Lo;eso cz©p gks˜u tkrks\ ‘cz©fonΩ cz©So Hofr’\ ,okyh R;k leƒkÛpsp gs mnΩxkj vkgsr\ ‘,sΔo;Z ,sls
rÂork ‰ ck.s nsgcqf* lksMrk ‰’ rqyk ,sΔo;Z ikfgts ukø ex ,sΔo;Z
nsgcqf* lksMwu feGrs\ iSækps ,sΔo;Z ukgh\ Lƒwy xq.kapsgh ,sΔo;Z ukgh\
rj Hâ tsOgk Hxoarkæh ,dÔi gks˜u tkrks rsOgk Hxoarkps lkjs
,sΔo;Z R;kps gksrs\ tso

vkgs\ djk;yk lq[kog vkf. vkuanÔi vkgs\ ÷;ku djrkuk dkgh
nq#[ ukgh\ myV ÷;kukus eu ækar gksrs\ ,d nhM rkl ÷;kukyk
clY;kuarj eu vkuanÔi gks˜u tkrs\ vki. R;k lfÁnkuan ^Hwæh
,dÔi gks˜u tkrks\ lxGs tx folÔu tkrks\
lR; Kkukuar xxukps ^ko.Z ‰ ukgÓ Ôi o.Z xq. tsƒs ‰
rks gk Jhgjh ikfgyk foVsojh ‰ ikgrs ikg.Í nqjh lkjksfu;k ‰‰
okpspk mÁkj u pys lkpkj ‰ LoÔi fufoZdkj dkÍnkVys ‰‰
ukenso Eg.s T;ksrhph futT;ksrh ‰ rs gs mHh ewfrZ foVsojh ‰‰
gh T;ksrhph futT;ksrh] R;k ^dkækpk ^dkæ ‘rL; Hklk loZfena
foHkfr’ R;kP;k ^dkækus gs loZ ^dkfær >kys vkgs\ R;kP;k ^dkækus
vkiY;kyk ^dkægh dGrks vkf. va÷Adkjgh dGrks\ vki. Eg.rks
dk; xMn va÷Adkj vkgs] eh fnlrp ukgh\ ve`rkuqHo xzaƒkr ukuk
^dkjkauh gs lkafxrys vkgs\ ,d ykdqMrksMÇk nqikjh pkj oktrk jkukr
xsyk\ nksu rhu rkl ykdMs rksMwu neyk\ tjk foJkarh ¿;koh Eg.wu
iMyk] rks R;kyk xk< >ksi ykxyh\ rks >ksiyk gs lkaxk;yk rsƒs dks.h
ukgh\ R;kyk Lor#pk vkBo ukgh dh eh vkgs Eg.wu\ ex vkrk rks
vkgs dh ukgh= dks.R;k Ôikus vkgs= vkrk nsg eu cqf* lxGs yhu
>kys vkgsr\
tks fujatuÓ funsyk ‰ rks vkf.dÓ ukgÓ nsf[yk ‰
vkiqykfg fuekyk ‰ vkBoq r;k ‰‰ ve`rkuqHo 4–33
ex væk fLƒrhr rks vkgs dh ukgh= vkgs\ rks LoÔikus vkgs\ fuêse÷;s
gs y”kr ;sr ukgh dh eh LoÔikus vkgs\ eyk xk< >ksi ykxyh gksrh
,o

vga fufoZdYiks fujkdkjÔiks ‰
foHqO;kZI; loZ( losZfUê;kf. ‰
lnk es leRoa u eqfâuZ cU÷A – ‰
fpnkuUnÔi# fæoksÒga fæoksÒgeΩ ‰‰
vlk lfÁnkuanÔikus rks v[aM jkgrks\ gh rh ‘nsgkrhr oLrq’ vkgs\
tsƒs nsg eu cqf* ukgh væh gh voLƒk\ lq"qIrhdkyh ns[hy gh
voLƒk vkiY;k y”kr ;srs\ R;kosGh vki. nsgkP;k vrhr vlw
ædrks\ œâ vkiyk vkBo R;kosGh vkiY;kyk ulrks\ i. vkiyk
vkBo jkghy vkf. nsgkrhr vki. gks˜ væh lekf÷A voLƒk tj
dq.kyk ^kIr gks∫y rj leƒkÛph vksoh vkiY;k ^R;;kyk ;s∫y\
nsgkrhr oLrq vkgs ‰ rÍ rwa ijcz© ikgs ‰
rw R;kps vuqla÷Aku dj\ dls djæhy= ‘jke jke’ ‘foèy foèy’ Eg.\
‘ek˘;k thohph vkoMh ‰ ia

xsys ekukeku ‰ lq[nq#[kpÍ [aMu ‰‰5‰‰
rqdk Eg.s fp®Ó ‰ ukgÓ okxohr [arh ‰‰6‰‰
xknhoj clwu ^opu Åys vƒok nxMkoj clwu ^opu Åys rj
^opukr œjd dk; iM.kj= eku vieku ;k ojojP;k xksÆVh vkgsr\
;k eukyk ræh dkgh Ïder ukgh\ dkæhe÷;s ukƒ egkjktkauk EgVys]
π,oMwu Vkdysyk vlrks\
rfj >M>Mksfu ofgyk fu? ‰ b;s Hâhfp;s okVs ykx ‰
ft;k ikolh vO;ax ‰ fut÷Ake ek>Í ‰‰ Kk\ 9–516
Hâhlaca÷Ah lkaxrkuk leƒkÛuh nklcks÷Akr ,d Δyksd ?sryk vkgs\
Jo.a dhrZua foÆ.ks# Lej.a iknlsoueΩ ‰
vpZua oanua nkL;a l“;ekRefuosnueΩ ‰‰
uoeh Hfâ vkRefuosnu ‰
u gksrka u pqÅ tUeej. ‰ nk\ 4–9–25
leƒkÛuh LiÆV lkafxrys %
vkRefuosnukps y”. ‰ vk÷AÓ ikgkoÍ eh dks. ‰
ex ijekRek fuxqZ. ‰ rks oksG[kok ‰‰ nk\ 8–8–13
je. egf"Z Eg.rkr] πFind out who am I? eh dks. rs æks÷Awu
dkkyk rks ;k lxGÇk txkps oSHo Hksxr
jkgrks] rks fuÆdke vlrks\
dke ukgÓ dke ukgÓ ‰ >kykÍ ikgÓ fjdkek ‰‰1‰‰
76 leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ

œkoY;k R;k dÔ psÆVk ‰ fuΔpG êÆVk cSlksfu ‰‰2‰‰
ulR;k NanÍ ulR;k NanÍ ‰ tx fouksnÍ foOgGrls ‰‰3‰‰
,dk,dÓ ,dk,dÓ ‰ rqdk yksdÓ fujkGk ‰‰4‰‰
vlk rks vlrks\ dkeukp ukgh dlyhø fuÆdke deZ;ksx\ R;kph th
th desZ vlrkr rh fuÆdke vlrkr\
vki. nsokiqs ter
ukgh rs tew ns\ eqys ,sdr ukghr rh ,sdk;yk ykxw nsr\ ukuk ^dkjP;k
^kƒZuk\ Hxoarkauh ;kaP;klkBh dk; dk; djk;ps= vkf. ex ;kauh
dk; djk;ps= ,d doMh |k;ph vkf. R;k czk©.kdMwu lxGÇkaph
^k;fΔp®s dÔu ¿;k;ph\ væk ^dkjph dqfo|k cktwyk Vkdyh ikfgts\
,sΔo;Z rs dh T;kosGsyk HxoUukeladhrZu eq[krwu ;srs\ ,sΔo;Z rs tsOgk
dks.h ,[knk ÷;kukyk clrks\ fdrh ÷;ku ykxys gs egÂokps ukgh\
dls jkeuke ?srks gs egÂokps ukgh\ eq[kus jkeuke vkys dh rks eqâ
vkgs\ rks ÅOgkuk ÅOgk rjh eqâ gks.kj\ ‘nsokfp;s }kjh mHk
”.Hjh ‰ rs.s eqfâ pkjh lkf÷A;sY;k ‰’ vkiyk lalkj ikBhekxs Vkdwu
”.Hj gkr tksMwu tks nsokiqkY;k[sjht jkg.kj ukgh\ rsOgk væh th nsgkrhr oLrq
ijekRek R;kps lkj[s vuqla÷Aku djkos\ R;kusp ,sΔo;Z ^kIr gksrs] vls
eksBÇk rGeGhus nklcks÷A] KkusΔojh lkj“;k xzaƒkrwu larkauh lkafxrys
vkgs\ rqdksck Eg.rkr]
;ktlkBh Åyk gksrk v±kgkl ‰ æsoVpk fnl xksM Ogkok ‰‰1‰‰
vkrka fuÏΔprhuÍ ikoyks folkok ‰ [qaVfy;k ÷Akaok r`Æ.sfp;k ‰‰2‰‰
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Lokeh ek/oukƒ
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jkenkl ewfrZear ‰ jkepaê vorkj ‰
dfy;qxÓ vorjksuh ‰ Åyk HDrkapk m*kj ‰
oSjkX; HfDr Kku ‰ ækafr ”ek fojDrh ‰
foosd lkyaÎr ‰ ”ek n;k loZHwrÓ ‰‰3‰‰
lfÁnkuan?u ‰ jkenkl ÅoG ‰
fnudj Îik;ksxÍ ‰ jkepaê fueZG ‰‰4‰‰
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78 leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ

Lokeh ek/oukƒ
79

80 leƒZÎispÓ opuÍ