Environmental Social Studies in Tamil - Jeywin

AuÿS A∏Q¿ ©ıv∂P“ ˆu∂¢ˆukUP® £kQfl”⁄.
Cu¯⁄ PÕzvÿSa ˆ\¿ªı©˜ª˜Ø |ª¡¯µ®£hÆ
A¿ªx ¡ıfl ˆ¡Œ® ¯P®£hzv¯⁄U ˆPıs˜h
©ıv∂ ˆu∂¢ˆukUP ˜¡siØ £Sv¯Øz ˜u∫ƒ ˆ\¥x
§fl PÕzvÿSa ˆ\fl÷ PÕ®£o ˆ\¥ØªıÆ. C¢u
©ıv∂ ˆu∂¢ˆukzu |ª®£Sv }Õ©ı⁄ ˜Pık ˜£ıfl˜”ı
}sh £m¯h ˜£ıfl˜”ı ¬¡µ[PŒfl ufl¯©U˜Pÿ£
˜u∫ƒ ˆ\¥Ø®£kQfl”x.
Aø©Âh©À»õu ©õv öu¢öukzuÀ
(PLOTLESS SAMPLING)
Cx {ıflPı¡x ©ıv∂ØıSÆ (Sampling Unit). Cx
PƒÆ ]UPªı⁄xÆ, AvP ˜{µÆ GkzxU
ˆPı“ÕUTiØx©ıSÆ. G⁄˜¡, Cx J∏ EP¢u ©ıv∂
A¿ª Gfl˜” T”ªıÆ. G¢u J∏ ¬∞Ø¿ \ı∫¯hØ
B¥¬ÿSÆ “Œ¨¯”, £µ® ¨¯” A¿ªx }“©ıv∂
ˆu∂¢ˆukzu¿ ¨¯” (Linear Method) BQØ¡ÿ‘¿
H˜u›Æ Jfl˜” £Øfl£kzu®£kQfl”x.
£µ® \ı∫ ©ıv∂¯Ø ¡i¡¯©zu¿ (Spatial Sampling
Design): ˜©ÿPsh ©ıv∂P¯Õzu¬µ PÕ®£o ˆ\¥˜¡ı∫
RÃUPsh ©ıv∂ ¨¯”P¯Õ≤Æ §fl£ÿ‘ ¡∏Qfl”⁄∫.
£i|¯ª ©ıv∂ ˆu∂¢ˆukzu¿ (Hierarchical Sampling).
CÆ ¨¯”∞¿ ¡mh® §∂ƒ, {PµÆ, ©ı|ªÆ, {ık ˜£ıfl”
J∆ˆ¡ı∏ £µ®§¿ C∏¢xÆ “Œ ¬¡µ[P“ ˜\P∂UP®
£kQfl”⁄.
S‘®§mh¯¡Ø¿ªıu ©ıv∂ ˆu∂¢ˆukzu¿ (Random
Sampling) : “Œ¬¡µ[P“ ˜\P∂®§ÿS Cƨ¯” £Øfl
£kzu®£kQfl”x. Cvæ“Õ S¯”£ık Gfl⁄ˆ¡¤¿
¡mhıµ[P“ ¨ ¡uÿS©ı⁄ ¬¡µ[P¯Õ® £ÿ‘ A‘Ø
¨i¡v¿¯ª. Cƨ¯”∞¿ S‘®§mh¯¡Ø¿ªıu
©ıv∂ ©mkÆ ˜u∫ƒ ˆ\¥Ø®£kÆ.
{¿¨¯” ©ıv∂ ˆu∂¢ˆukzu¿ (Systematic Sampling) :
Cv¿ ©ıv∂P“ ˆu∂ƒ J∏ S‘®§mh C¯hˆ¡Œ∞¿
426
¨¯”ØıPa ˆ\¥Ø®£kQfl”x. GkzxUPımhıP, J∏
PÕ®£oØıÕ∫ {Pµ[P“ \¢vUSÆ Ch[PŒ˜ªı A¿ªx
\ı¯ªP“ \¢vUSÆ Ch[PŒ˜ªı PınUQ¯hUQfl”
A¿ªx C¿ªıu T÷P¯Õ Gkzx ©v®•k ˆ\¥ØªıÆ.
AkUP¯©zx S‘®§mh¯¡ A¿ªıu©ıv∂
ˆu∂¢ˆukzu¿ (Stratified Random Sampling) : _∏UP©ıPU
T‘⁄ı¿, Cx S‘®§mh¯¡Ø¿ªıu ©ıv∂ ©mkÆ
ˆu∂¢ˆukzu¿ (random samping), {¿¨¯” ©ıv∂
ˆu∂¢ˆukzu¿ (systematic Sampling) BQØ CµskÆ
˜\∫¢u J∏ \ıµıÆ\Æ Gfl˜” T”ªıÆ. Cƨ¯” KµÕ¬ÿS
\©a^µı⁄ ¨¯”Øıuªı¿ ˆ£∏Æ £Sv∞¿ “Œ¬¡µ
˜\P∂®§ÿS Hx¡ı⁄uıSÆ.
¨i¡ıPU T‘⁄ı¿ ©ıv∂ ˆu∂¢ˆukzuæUˆP⁄
u¤®£mh Pi⁄©ı⁄ ¬v¨¯”P“ C¿¯ªˆØfl˜”
T”ªıÆ. ˆ£ıx¡ıP, EªPÆ £¿˜¡”ı⁄ ¬¡µ[P“
Ah[QØ Jfl”ıSÆ. A¡ÿ‘¯⁄ GŒ¯©ØıUQ
¬¡µ[P¯Õ ©UP–USU Q¯hUPa ˆ\¥¡x PÕ®£o
Gfl˜” T”ªıÆ. G⁄˜¡, uµ©ı⁄ ©ÿ÷Æ G¿˜ªıµıæÆ
Hÿ÷U ˆPı“ÕUTiØ ¡¯PØı⁄ ¨¯”P¯Õ®
£Øfl£kzv “Õ¬¡µ[P¯Õ A‘u¿ A¡]Ø©ıSÆ.
G¢u ¨¯”∞æÆ, uª˜¡÷£ık, `Ã|¯ª ©ÿ÷Æ
A¯©¬hzvÿS Hÿ£zuıfl £ØflP“ A¯©≤Æ.
¬⁄ız ˆuıS®§¯⁄ uØı∂zuæUS §fl£ÿ”®£h
˜¡siØ ¡»¨¯”P“ (Designing Schedule of Questions or
Questionnaire)
¬⁄ıUP¯Õz ˆuıSzˆu xu¿ Gfl£x J∏
Pi⁄©ı⁄ ˆ\Ø¿ Gfl˜” T”ªıÆ. AuÿS £¿˜¡÷
¡»¨¯”P“ E“Õ⁄. A¡ÿ÷“ PƒÆ ¨UQØ©ı⁄xÆ
©ÿ÷Æ GŒ¯©Øı⁄ ¡»¨¯”PÕı¡⁄ :
~soØ S¯”P“ & ˆ£ı∏“ ¡i¡¯©zu¿
(Micro Issues - Item Design)
1. ˆ£ıx¡ı⁄ ¬v¨¯”P“ (General Rules)
2. Aa_÷zuıu ¬⁄ıUP“ (Non-threatening questions)
427