Environmental Social Studies in Tamil - Jeywin
Environmental Social Studies in Tamil - Jeywin Environmental Social Studies in Tamil - Jeywin
TPm 9.1 394 A]p ªu ¨ûXVm ¿u ªu ¨ûXVm AÔ ªu ¨ûXVm AûQ/¿oTôN] §hPeLs P¿¬Ø‘¯¡® ˆ£ı∏zu¡¯µ, _u¢vµÆ A¯h¢u˜£ıx 10 ¬ UPıhıP C∏¢ux. Cfl÷ 61 ¬ UPıhıP EØ∫¢x“Õx. ˆ£s P¿¬∞¿ P®ˆ£∂Ø ©ıÿ”Æ |Pâx“Õx. B∞µU PnUPı⁄ }∫z˜uUP[P“ Pmh®£mk“Õ⁄. {¿¡ıìæÆ P¿¬∞æÆ ¨fl˜⁄ÿ”Æ Psk“Õx. C∏¢xÆ {Æ {ık Cfl›Æ ¡Õ∫a] ˆ£”˜¡skÆ. ¡Õ∫a]∞fl {k˜¡ \≠P® ˆ£ı∏Õıuıµa ]UP¿P“ E“Õ⁄. B⁄ı¿ Hï©∞æÆ ·⁄{ıØPÆ u¯«zx“Õx. £«¯©Øı⁄® ˆ£ı∏ÕıuıµU ˆPı“¯PP¯Õz u¬∫zx, vØ ˆPı“¯PP¯Õ C¢vØı §fl£ÿ”z ˆuıh[Q≤“Õx. E»P©¯©õu¼À C¢v¯õ EªP©Ø©ıu¿ C¢vØı¬¿ Cµsk ¡» |PÃPŒ¿ ˆ\Ø¿£kQfl”x. C¢vØı¬¿ ¡ıÃU¯P∞fl G¿ªı |¯ª PŒæÆ Cufl uıUPÆ ˆu∂Ø¡¢x“Õx. C¯¡ ˆ£ı∏Õı uıµzvfl ¡»˜Ø Fk∏¬ ©÷ ¡i¡z¯u≤Æ, CØUSÆ ¬uz¯u≤Æ ©ıÿ‘ A¯©zx“Õ⁄. Cu⁄ı¿ C¢vØı EªQ¿ u⁄x Chzv¯⁄z vh®£kzv, ©ıÿ”©¯h¢x As¯h {ıkP–hfl {¿ª ˆuıh∫ ¯¡zxU ˆPı“Õ ¨i≤Æ. C¢vØı¬fl P¿¬ ©ÿ÷Æ Pªıa\ıµ ¡ıÃU¯P, ˆuı¯ªU Pım], ˆ\¥vzuı“P“ ©ÿ÷Æ ªfl Pım] ˜£ıfl” A¯⁄zvæÆ ©ıÿ”[P“ Hÿ£mkU ˆPıs˜h C∏®£v¿ C∏¢x ˆu∂Ø¡∏Qfl”x. £zx BskP–US ¨fl C∏¢u¯u¬h C¢vØı Cfl÷ ¨ÿ‘æÆ ©ıÿ”Æ ˆ£ÿ÷ E“Õx. C¢vØı EªP©Ø©ıuºfl uıUPzv¯⁄ CØUP¿ªı ¡¯P∞¿ HÿP¬¿¯ª. C¢vØı¬¿ ˜{∂¯hØıPƒÆ ˆ¡Œ{ıkPŒ¿ ¡ı Æ C¢vØ ©UPŒfl ¡»ØıPƒÆ EªP©Ø©ıu¿ AvP∂zxU ˆPısi∏UQfl”x. C¢vØı¬fl CªUQØÆ, P¯ªP“, v¯µ®£h[P“, ©u[P“, EnƒP“, E¯hP“, {√⁄[P“ ©ÿ÷Æ C¯\ BQد¡P“ ˜©ÿPzvØ 395
{ıkPŒfl J∏[Q¯n¢u £SvPÕıP Cfl÷ E“Õ⁄. C¢vØı¬fl ©∏zx¡∫P“, uP¡¿ ˆuı»¿~m£ ¡¿æ⁄∫ P“, ˜©ªıÕ∫P“ ©ÿ÷Æ ˆ£ı‘ØıÕ∫P“ AvP AÕ¬¿ ˜©ÿPzvØ {ıkPŒ¿ S‘®§hzuUP AÕ¬¿ uıUPz¯u Hÿ£kzv≤“Õ⁄∫. C¡∫P“ u[P–¯hØ Pi⁄ E¯«® £ıæÆ v”¯©PÕıæÆ ¨fl¤¯ª∞¿ C∏UQfl”⁄∫. C¯¡P¯Õ ¯¡z˜u C¢vØ∫PŒfl ˜u¯¡≤Æ AvP∂zx“Õx. ÁõÌÂøÚa \®£õv Gfl ¡ıì¿ £ıv{ımP¯Õ ˜¡¯ª ˜uk¡v¿ ˆ\ª¬m˜hfl. Hˆ⁄¤¿ ¡ıÃU¯P∞fl A∫zu˜©, ¨ufl¯©ØıP, J∏ ¡ıì¯⁄a \Æ£ıvzu˜ª. Cu¯⁄ {ıÆ ˆ\¥Øı¬i¿, {Æ ¡ıÃU¯PUS {ı˜© S»˜uısk˜¡ıÆ. B⁄ı¿ G⁄US® ì£oí ´x & Es¯© E¯«®§fl ´x & £ª©ı⁄ {ƧU¯P. Gfl”ıæÆ, IؘPı, Au¯⁄z ˜uk¡v¿ {ıfl Gfl ¡ıÃU¯P¯Ø √niUQfl˜”fl. {ıfl Cfl÷Æ Ca`uımhzv¿uıfl PıªÆ P»UQfl˜”fl. 396 Pÿ”¿ A¯hƒP“ 1. C¢vØı¬fl ¡Õ∫a]¯Ø A‘¢x ©ın¡∫P“ ˆ£∏uÆ ˆPıshx. 2. ©ın¡∫P“ C¢vØı¬fl vmhmh ˆ\Ø¿¨¯” P¯Õ≤Æ, I¢uıskz vmh[P¯Õ A‘¢xˆPıshx. 3. Cµsk I¢uıskz vmh[P¯Õz u¬µ ©ÿ” vmh[P“ Gv∫£ı∫zu ˆ¡ÿ‘¯Ø® ˆ£”¬¿¯ª. AuÿS∂Ø Pıµn[P¯Õ ©ın¡∫P“A‘¢x ˆPıshx. 4. Cfl¯”Ø C¢vØı¬fl ¬sˆ¡Œ, Aq\Uv ¡Õ∫a]¯ØU Psk §µzu¿. _Ø ©v®•k I. \∂Øı⁄ ¬¯h¯Øz ˜u∫¢ˆukUPƒÆ 1. ˜£ıUS¡µzx, P¿¬, {ª¡ıÃ, √mk¡\v BQد¡ C∆¡¯P G⁄U P∏u®£kQfl”⁄. A. ˜\¯¡P“ B. |ªA¯©® C. Pªıa\ıµÆ D. ˆuı»¿P“ 2. C¢vØı¬fl ¨fl˜⁄ÿ”zvÿPıP 1950&¿ C¢vØ Aµ\ı[Pzuı¿ Cx E∏¡ıUP®£mhx. A. ˜u]Øz vmhUS B. I¢uıskz vmh[P“ C. £_¯©® µm] D. ˆ\Øÿ¯PU ˜Pı“P“ 3. Aˆ©∂UP IUQØ {ıkPŒfl Eÿ£zv¯Ø C¢vØı J∏ ]ª BskPŒ¿ ¨¢uU TiØ ˜¡Õıs Eÿ£zv® ˆ£ı∏“ A. ˆ{¿ B. ˜Pıx¯© C. uı¤Ø[P“ D. ˜uımh®£∞∫P“ 4. C¢vØı¬fl ¨UQØ Hÿ÷©v A. Enƒ® ˆ£ı∏mP“ B. xo ˆ{¥≤Æ °¿ C¯«P“ C. ˆuı»ªP® ˆ£ı∏mP“D. £ı⁄[P“ 397
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- Page 283 and 284: Pın®£kÆ. Cz uı¡µ[P¯ÕU ˆP
- Page 285 and 286: ©µ[P“ ˆ¡mh®£mhı¿ ©sqUS
- Page 287 and 288: ©nº¿ C¯ª©US S¯”¡ıP C∏U
- Page 289 and 290: 6. ¡h˜©ÿSz uUPın •hß∞¿ _
- Page 291 and 292: Enƒ® £∞∫PŒfl ¡¯PP“ ©ı
- Page 293 and 294: (ADT 27), 50 (ADT 50) ˜£ıfl”
- Page 295 and 296: Pı®§, ˜u∞¯ªz u¬µ ˜¡÷
- Page 297 and 298: En∫˜¡ BSÆ. Cx {ımifl Enƒ Eÿ
- Page 299 and 300: ©UPŒfl Enƒ® ˆ£ı∏mPŒfl ˜u
- Page 301 and 302: III. §fl¡∏¡⁄¡ÿ¯”® ˆ£
- Page 303 and 304: v∏®vPµ©ı⁄ ¡ıÃU¯P¯Ø A
- Page 305 and 306: ˆ£ıx¡ıP, E˜ªıPz uıxUP-Æ,
- Page 307 and 308: CØ¢vµ[P“ C∏Æ&GLS ˆ£ı∏m
- Page 309 and 310: E[P-USz ˆu∂≤©ı? C¢vØı £
- Page 311 and 312: IV._∏UP©ıP ¬¯hØŒUPƒÆ 1. C
- Page 313 and 314: ¡\v ¡ı¥®UP“ ˆ£∏P˜¡skÆ
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- Page 321 and 322: AªS VIII : C¢vØı¬fl ©UP“ ¡
- Page 323 and 324: Ck§V UdLhùRôûL YeLô[ ®¬ÏPô
- Page 325 and 326: ©ı|ª[P“ C©ı\ª® §µ˜u\Æ,
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- Page 331: I¢uıskz vmh[PŒfl ≠ªÆ ˆuı»
- Page 335 and 336: AªS X : |ª¡¯µ® £h[P“ ¬ÕU
- Page 337 and 338: C¢vØı¬fl Am\ ¬∂ƒ 8 o 4'’
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- Page 345 and 346: AªS XI : PÕ®£o £ıhÆ 11 PÕ®
- Page 347 and 348: T”ªıÆ. Caˆ\غ¿, |ª¡¯µ
- Page 349 and 350: Aa\©Ø[P“ A¡∏US PƒÆ £Ø›
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TPm 9.1<br />
394<br />
A]p ªu ¨ûXVm<br />
¿u ªu ¨ûXVm<br />
AÔ ªu ¨ûXVm<br />
AûQ/¿oTôN] §hPeLs<br />
P¿¬Ø‘¯¡® ˆ£ı∏zu¡¯µ, _u¢vµÆ<br />
A¯h¢u˜£ıx 10 ¬ UPıhıP C∏¢ux. Cfl÷ 61<br />
¬ UPıhıP EØ∫¢x“Õx. ˆ£s P¿¬∞¿ P®ˆ£∂Ø<br />
©ıÿ”Æ |Pâx“Õx. B∞µU PnUPı⁄ }∫z˜uUP[P“<br />
Pmh®£mk“Õ⁄. {¿¡ıìæÆ P¿¬∞æÆ ¨fl˜⁄ÿ”Æ<br />
Psk“Õx. C∏¢xÆ {Æ {ık Cfl›Æ ¡Õ∫a]<br />
ˆ£”˜¡skÆ.<br />
¡Õ∫a]∞fl {k˜¡ \≠P® ˆ£ı∏Õıuıµa ]UP¿P“<br />
E“Õ⁄. B⁄ı¿ Hï©∞æÆ ·⁄{ıØPÆ u¯«zx“Õx.<br />
£«¯©Øı⁄® ˆ£ı∏ÕıuıµU ˆPı“¯PP¯Õz u¬∫zx,<br />
vØ ˆPı“¯PP¯Õ C¢vØı §fl£ÿ”z ˆuıh[Q≤“Õx.<br />
E»P©¯©õu¼À C¢v¯õ<br />
EªP©Ø©ıu¿ C¢vØı¬¿ Cµsk ¡»<br />
|PÃPŒ¿ ˆ\Ø¿£kQfl”x. C¢vØı¬¿ ¡ıÃU¯P∞fl<br />
G¿ªı |¯ª PŒæÆ Cufl uıUPÆ ˆu∂Ø¡¢x“Õx.<br />
C¯¡ ˆ£ı∏Õı uıµzvfl ¡»˜Ø Fk∏¬ ©÷<br />
¡i¡z¯u≤Æ, CØUSÆ ¬uz¯u≤Æ ©ıÿ‘<br />
A¯©zx“Õ⁄. Cu⁄ı¿ C¢vØı EªQ¿ u⁄x<br />
Chzv¯⁄z vh®£kzv, ©ıÿ”©¯h¢x As¯h<br />
{ıkP–hfl {¿ª ˆuıh∫ ¯¡zxU ˆPı“Õ ¨i≤Æ.<br />
C¢vØı¬fl P¿¬ ©ÿ÷Æ Pªıa\ıµ ¡ıÃU¯P, ˆuı¯ªU<br />
Pım], ˆ\¥vzuı“P“ ©ÿ÷Æ ªfl Pım] ˜£ıfl”<br />
A¯⁄zvæÆ ©ıÿ”[P“ Hÿ£mkU ˆPıs˜h C∏®£v¿<br />
C∏¢x ˆu∂Ø¡∏Qfl”x. £zx BskP–US ¨fl<br />
C∏¢u¯u¬h C¢vØı Cfl÷ ¨ÿ‘æÆ ©ıÿ”Æ ˆ£ÿ÷<br />
E“Õx.<br />
C¢vØı EªP©Ø©ıuºfl uıUPzv¯⁄<br />
CØUP¿ªı ¡¯P∞¿ HÿP¬¿¯ª. C¢vØı¬¿<br />
˜{∂¯hØıPƒÆ ˆ¡Œ{ıkPŒ¿ ¡ı Æ C¢vØ ©UPŒfl<br />
¡»ØıPƒÆ EªP©Ø©ıu¿ AvP∂zxU<br />
ˆPısi∏UQfl”x. C¢vØı¬fl CªUQØÆ, P¯ªP“,<br />
v¯µ®£h[P“, ©u[P“, EnƒP“, E¯hP“,<br />
{√⁄[P“ ©ÿ÷Æ C¯\ BQد¡P“ ˜©ÿPzvØ<br />
395