Environmental Social Studies in Tamil - Jeywin
Environmental Social Studies in Tamil - Jeywin Environmental Social Studies in Tamil - Jeywin
III. ¯©`∫ ˜£ı∫P“ Iu∫ Aº : Iu∫ Aº 1721&BÆ Bsk §”¢uı∫. A¡∏¯hØ u¢¯u ¯©`∫ Aµ\∂fl £¯h®§∂ƒ u¯ª¡µı¡ı∫ (˜£‰uı∫ Faujdar). Iu∫ Aº ufl ¡ıÃU¯P¯Ø J∏ \ıuıµn® £¯h √µµıPz ˆuıh[Q⁄ı∫. Iu∫ £i®£‘¡ÿ”¡ˆµ¤›Æ E÷v≤Æ ¬ØUPzuUP √µ¨Æ, A‘ƒUT∫¯©≤Æ, ˆ£ıxA‘ƒÆ ˆPısh¡∫. u⁄x Pi⁄ E¯«®£ı¿ ¯©`∫ Cµıq¡zvfl ¨ufl¯©® £¯hzuÕ£vØıP Iu∫ EØ∫ƒ ˆ£ÿ”ı∫. ¯©`∂fl ©fl⁄∫ C”¢u˜£ıx Iu∫ ufl¯⁄ {ımifl Bm]ØıÕµıP A‘¬zx ¯©`∂fl _¿uı⁄ı⁄ı∫. ¨u¿ ¯©`∫ ˜£ı∫ (1767 & 1769) & Pıµn[P“ : Iu∫ Aº ufl £¯h∞¿ §ˆµg_ √µ∫P¯Õ≤Æ ˜\∫zx® £¯h ¡º¯©¯Ø® ˆ£∏UQ⁄ı∫. ˆufl C¢vØı¬fl £ª £SvP¯ÕU ¯P®£ÿ‘ ufl {ım¯h ¬∂¡ıUQ⁄ı∫. Iu∫ Aº∞fl ˜¡P©ı⁄ ¡Õ∫a] ©µızvØ∫, Iuµı£ız |\ıÆ ©ÿ÷Æ B[Q˜ªØ∂fl ˆ£ı”ı¯©¯Øz ysiØx. A¡∫P“ ≠¡∏Æ C¯n¢x ≠¡∫ Tmho A¯©zx Iu∫ Aº ´x ˜£ı∫ Iu∫ Aº A‘¬zu⁄∫. Iu∫ u⁄x v”¯©Øı¿ ©µızvدµ≤Æ |\ı¯©≤Æ ˆ¡ÿ‘ ˆPıshı∫. B⁄ı¿ 1767¿ Ïz (Smith) Gfl” B[Qª® £¯hz uÕ£vØı¿ Iu∫ ˆ\[PÆ ©ÿ÷Æ v∏¡snı©¯ª∞¿ ˜uıÿPiUP®£mhı∫. A˜u ˜{µzv¿ Iu∫ Aº∞fl ©P⁄ı⁄ v® _¿uıfl ufl £¯hP–hfl ˆ\fl¯⁄¯Ø ˜{ıUQ ¨fl˜⁄‘⁄ı∫. G⁄˜¡ B[Q˜ªØ∫ \©ıuı⁄ Ehfl£iU¯P∞¯⁄a ˆ\¥x ˆPı“Õ ˜¡siØuı∞ÿ÷. ¬¯ÕƒP“ : 1769¿ Hÿ£mh ©uµı_ (ˆ\fl¯⁄) Ehfl £iU¯P≤hfl ˜£ı∫ ¨i¡¯h¢ux. Aufl£i Iu∏Æ 26
B[Q˜ªØ∏Æ ˜£ı∂¿ uıÆ ¯P®£ÿ‘Ø Ch[P¯Õz v∏®§ AŒzu⁄∫. Iu∫ Aº∞fl Gv∂PÕı⁄ |\ı¨Æ, ©µızvØ∫ P–Æ ¯©`¯µz uıUQ⁄ı¿ Iu∏US Euƒ¡uıP B[Q˜ªØ∫ J®U ˆPısh⁄∫. CµshıÆ ¯©`∫ ˜£ı∫ (1780 & 1784) & Pıµn[P“ : 1771¿ ¯©`∫ ©µızvØ∫PÕı¿ uıUP®£mhx. ˆ\fl¯⁄ Ehfl £iU¯P∞fl£i B[Q˜ªØ∫ Iu∫ Aº∞fl Eu¬US ¡µ ¬¿¯ª. G⁄˜¡ Iu∫ Aº ˜Pı£©¯h¢uı∫. Iu∫ B[Q˜ª دµz uıUS¡uÿPı⁄ \¢u∫®£z¯u Gv∫˜{ıUQ∞∏¢uı∫. Iu∫ Aº∞fl £Sv∞º∏¢u §ˆµg_USa ˆ\ı¢u©ı⁄ ©ıÓ¯Ø B[Q˜ªØ∫ uıUQؘ£ıx Iu∫ Aº 1780&BÆ Bsk B[Q˜ªØ∫ ´x ˜£ı∫ A‘¬zuı∫. A¡∫ P∫{ıhPzv¿ B[Qª®£¯h¯Øz ˜uıÿPizuı∫. A®£Sv A¡∂hÆ \µn¯h¢ux. P∫{ıhPzvfl ˆ£∏Æ £Sv¯Ø Iu∫ ¯P®£ÿ‘⁄ı∫. B⁄ı¿ \∫ AØ∫ Tm (Sir Eyre Coote) u¯ª¯© ∞ªı⁄ B[Qª®£¯h Iu∫ Aº¯Ø 1781¿ ˜£ı∫m ˜{ı¡ı Gfl›hzv¿ ˜uıÿPizux. ˜£ı∂¤¯h∞¿ 1782&BÆ Bsk Iu∫ Aº ÿ÷˜{ıØı¿ ©µn©¯h¢uı∫. B⁄ı¿ A¡µx ©Pfl v® _¿uıfl Akzu C∏ ¡∏h[P“ B[Q˜ªØ∏hfl ˆuıh∫¢x ˜£ı∂mhı∫. ¬¯ÕƒP“ : 1784&¿ Hÿ£mh ©[P—∫ Ehfl£iU¯P ≠ªÆ A® ˜£ı∫ ¨i¡¯h¢ux. A®˜£ı∂¿ C∏uµ®§⁄∏Æ uıÆ ¯P®£ÿ‘Ø Ch[P¯Õz v∏Æ£® ˆ£ÿ÷U ˆPı“¡x G⁄ƒÆ ]¯”§iUP®£mh ¯PvP¯Õ ¬k¬®£x G⁄ƒÆ J®U ˆPısh⁄∫. Cµshı¡x ¯©`∫ ˜£ı∫ ˆ¡ÿ‘, ˜uı¿¬ G⁄ G∆¬u ¬¯ÕƒP–Æ Cfl‘ ¨i¡¯h¢ux. v® _¿uıfl ≠fl”ı¡x ¯©`∫ ˜£ı∫ : Pıµfl ¡ıºÏ §µ (1786 & 1793) ¡[PıÕzvfl u¯ª¯© B–⁄µıP 1786&BÆ Bsk ˆ£ı÷® 27
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III. ¯©`∫ ˜£ı∫P“<br />
Iu∫ Aº : Iu∫ Aº 1721&BÆ Bsk §”¢uı∫. A¡∏¯hØ<br />
u¢¯u ¯©`∫ Aµ\∂fl £¯h®§∂ƒ u¯ª¡µı¡ı∫ (˜£‰uı∫<br />
Faujdar).<br />
Iu∫ Aº ufl ¡ıÃU¯P¯Ø J∏ \ıuıµn® £¯h<br />
√µµıPz ˆuıh[Q⁄ı∫. Iu∫ £i®£‘¡ÿ”¡ˆµ¤›Æ E÷v≤Æ<br />
¬ØUPzuUP √µ¨Æ, A‘ƒUT∫¯©≤Æ, ˆ£ıxA‘ƒÆ<br />
ˆPısh¡∫. u⁄x Pi⁄ E¯«®£ı¿ ¯©`∫ Cµıq¡zvfl<br />
¨ufl¯©® £¯hzuÕ£vØıP Iu∫ EØ∫ƒ ˆ£ÿ”ı∫.<br />
¯©`∂fl ©fl⁄∫ C”¢u˜£ıx Iu∫ ufl¯⁄ {ımifl<br />
Bm]ØıÕµıP A‘¬zx ¯©`∂fl _¿uı⁄ı⁄ı∫.<br />
¨u¿ ¯©`∫ ˜£ı∫ (1767 & 1769) &<br />
Pıµn[P“ : Iu∫ Aº ufl £¯h∞¿<br />
§ˆµg_ √µ∫P¯Õ≤Æ ˜\∫zx® £¯h<br />
¡º¯©¯Ø® ˆ£∏UQ⁄ı∫. ˆufl<br />
C¢vØı¬fl £ª £SvP¯ÕU ¯P®£ÿ‘<br />
ufl {ım¯h ¬∂¡ıUQ⁄ı∫. Iu∫<br />
Aº∞fl ˜¡P©ı⁄ ¡Õ∫a] ©µızvØ∫,<br />
Iuµı£ız |\ıÆ ©ÿ÷Æ B[Q˜ªØ∂fl<br />
ˆ£ı”ı¯©¯Øz ysiØx. A¡∫P“<br />
≠¡∏Æ C¯n¢x ≠¡∫ Tmho<br />
A¯©zx Iu∫ Aº ´x ˜£ı∫<br />
Iu∫ Aº<br />
A‘¬zu⁄∫. Iu∫ u⁄x v”¯©Øı¿<br />
©µızvدµ≤Æ |\ı¯©≤Æ ˆ¡ÿ‘ ˆPıshı∫. B⁄ı¿ 1767¿<br />
Ïz (Smith) Gfl” B[Qª® £¯hz uÕ£vØı¿ Iu∫ ˆ\[PÆ<br />
©ÿ÷Æ v∏¡snı©¯ª∞¿ ˜uıÿPiUP®£mhı∫. A˜u<br />
˜{µzv¿ Iu∫ Aº∞fl ©P⁄ı⁄ v® _¿uıfl ufl<br />
£¯hP–hfl ˆ\fl¯⁄¯Ø ˜{ıUQ ¨fl˜⁄‘⁄ı∫. G⁄˜¡<br />
B[Q˜ªØ∫ \©ıuı⁄ Ehfl£iU¯P∞¯⁄a ˆ\¥x ˆPı“Õ<br />
˜¡siØuı∞ÿ÷.<br />
¬¯ÕƒP“<br />
: 1769¿ Hÿ£mh ©uµı_ (ˆ\fl¯⁄) Ehfl<br />
£iU¯P≤hfl ˜£ı∫ ¨i¡¯h¢ux. Aufl£i Iu∏Æ<br />
26