Environmental Social Studies in Tamil - Jeywin
Environmental Social Studies in Tamil - Jeywin
Environmental Social Studies in Tamil - Jeywin
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
Ch[PŒ¿ {¯hˆ£÷Æ ˆPılµ©ı⁄ ¡fl¨¯”P“, Ssk<br />
ˆ¡i®, ¡»®£‘ BQØ¡ÿ”ı¿ £ıvUP®£kÆ<br />
£ØoP–US C¢u Pı®•mkz vmhÆ £Ø›“ÕuıP<br />
E“Õx.<br />
\õø»¨ ÷£õUSÁµzx<br />
Cµ∞¿ ˜£ıUS¡µzxhfl J®§kƘ£ıx \ı¯ª®<br />
˜£ıUS¡µzx A¯⁄zx Si∞∏®® £SvP¯Õ≤Æ<br />
C¯nU Qfl”x. \ı¯ªP¯Õ, A¯¡P¯Õ®<br />
£Øfl£kzu®£kÆ ufl¯©∞fl Ai®£¯h∞¿ £ª<br />
§∂ƒPÕıP® §∂UPªıÆ A¯¡P“ :<br />
1. {¯h£ı¯u<br />
2. ¡si®£ı¯u<br />
3. P®§®˜£ımh \ı¯ª<br />
4. uı∫a\ı¯ª<br />
5. APfl” \ı¯ª (100 Aia \ı¯ª).<br />
ˆ£∏ {Pµ[PŒ¿ ¨UQØ©ı⁄ \ı¯ªP“ APfl”<br />
\ı¯ªPÕıP E“Õ⁄.<br />
{Pµ[PŒ¿ Pın®£kÆ S¢u ˜£ıUS¡µzx<br />
ˆ{∂\¯ªz u¬∫USÆ ¡¯P∞¿ ˜©Æ£ıª[P–Æ, _µ[P®<br />
£ı¯uP–Æ Pmh®£mk“Õ⁄. ˜©æÆ ©ı¡mh u¯ª<br />
{Pµ[P“, ©ı¡mh \ı¯ªPÕıæÆ, ©ı|ª u¯ª{Pµ[P“<br />
©ı|ª ˆ{kg\ı¯ªPÕıæÆ C¯nUP®£mk“Õ⁄.<br />
˜u]Ø ˆ{kg\ı¯ªP“ ©zvØ Aµ\ıæÆ, ©ı|ª<br />
ˆ{kg\ı¯ªP“ ©ÿ÷Æ ©ı¡mh ˆ{kg\ı¯ªP“<br />
BQد¡ ©ı|ª Aµ\ıæÆ |∫¡QUP®£kQfl”⁄.<br />
\ı¯ª¡»® £Ønzv¯⁄ ˜©ÿˆPı“–Æ £Øo<br />
P–UˆP⁄ ©ı|ª Aµ_ ©ı|ª ˜£ıUS¡µzxU P«P®<br />
˜£∏¢xP¯Õ CØUQ ¡∏Qfl”x. C¢u® ˜£∏¢xP“<br />
A¯⁄zx {Pµ[P¯Õ≤Æ ˆ£∂Ø Qµı©[P¯Õ≤Æ C¯nU<br />
Qfl”⁄.<br />
364<br />
}ºÁȨ ÷£õUSÁµzx<br />
C¢vØı¬fl £fl⁄ımk ¡∫zuPzv¿ }∫¡»®£ı¯u<br />
˜£ıUS¡µzx PƒÆ \ıuP©ıP E“Õx. \µUSU<br />
P®£¿PŒfl |¯ª∞¿ ¡Õ∏Æ {ıkPŒ¯h˜Ø C¢vØı<br />
15&¡x Chzv¿ ¡∏Qfl”x. C¢vØı¬¿ ˆ£∂Ø<br />
x¯”¨P[P–Æ, ]‘Ø x¯”¨P[P–Æ ˆ©ızuÆ 48<br />
E“Õ⁄. ˆ£∂Ø x¯”¨P[P“ A¯⁄zxÆ ©zvØ Aµ]fl<br />
|∫¡ıPzvfl Rà E“Õ⁄ (£hÆ 7.2).<br />
Pısmªı, ¨Æ¯£, ©∫©˜Pı¡ı, ©[P—∫ ©ÿ÷Æ<br />
ˆPıa] x¯”¨PÆ BQد¡ ˜©ÿSU PhÿP¯µ∞æÆ<br />
ˆPı¿ Pzuı, £ıµw® ¬\ıP®£m<strong>in</strong>Æ, ˆ\fl¯⁄ ©ÿ÷Æ<br />
yzxUSi BQد¡ Q«USU PhÿP¯µ∞æÆ<br />
A¯©¢x“Õ⁄.<br />
ÁõßÁȨ ÷£õUSÁµzx<br />
¡ıfl¡»® ˜£ıUS¡µzvfl ¡Õ∫a]∞⁄ı¿, ˆuı¯ª<br />
yµ® £SvP–USU S¯”¢u ˜{µzv¿ ˆ\¿ª ¨iQfl”x.<br />
¡ıfl¡»® ˜£ıUS¡µzvfl ¡Õ∫a]∞⁄ı¿ EªPÆ PƒÆ<br />
_∏[Q≤“Õx. GkzxUPımhıP, J∏ £Øo Pı¯ª<br />
En¯¡ C¢vØı¬æÆ, ©vØ En¯¡ x£ı∞æÆ, Cµƒ<br />
En¬¯⁄ C[Qªı¢væÆ EsqÆ AÕ¬ÿS<br />
¡ıfl¡»® ˜£ıUS ¡µzx ¡Õ∫¢x“Õx. C¢vØı¬¿<br />
¡ıfl¡»® ˜£ıUS¡µzx 1930&¿ A‘¨P®£kzu®£mhx.<br />
uÿˆ£ı x "H∫ C¢vØı' ©ÿ÷Æ "C¢vØfl H∫¯ªflÏ'<br />
BQØ |÷¡⁄[P“ ¡ıfl¡»® ˜£ıUS¡µzv¯⁄<br />
|∫¡QUQfl”⁄. H∫ C¢vØı |÷¡⁄Æ \∫¡˜u\ AÕ¬æÆ,<br />
C¢vØfl H∫¯ªflÏ |÷¡⁄Æ E“ {ımkUS“˜Õ≤Æ<br />
¡ıfl¡»® ˜£ıUS¡µzv¯⁄ CØUQ ¡∏Qfl”⁄.<br />
C¢vØfl H∫¯ªflÏ A∏Qæ“Õ ˜{£ıÕÆ, Cª[¯P,<br />
][P®ß∫ ˜£ıfl” {ıkP–USÆ u⁄x ˜\¯¡¯Ø<br />
¬∂ƒ£kzv≤“Õx. uÿˆ£ı x ˆ£ıxzx¯” |÷¡⁄[<br />
P¯Õz u¬µ u¤Øı∫ |÷¡⁄[P–Æ E“{ımkUS“<br />
365