Environmental Social Studies in Tamil - Jeywin
Environmental Social Studies in Tamil - Jeywin Environmental Social Studies in Tamil - Jeywin
TPm 6.1 344 E÷»õP©À»õuU PÛ©[PÒ ¯©Pı, _snıÆUP¿, ‚®\Æ BQد¡P“ E˜ªıP ©¿ªıu uıxUPÕıSÆ. ¯©Pı, _snıÆUP¿ BQد¡ ˆuı»¿ ¡Õ∫a]US® ˆ£∂xÆ EuƒQfl”⁄. CÆ≠fl÷ E˜ªıP©¿ªıu uıxUP–Æ B¢vµı, Cµı·Ïuıfl, uÃ{ık ©ÿ÷Æ ©zvاµ˜u\Æ ˜£ıfl” ©ı|ª[PŒ¿ ˆ¡mi ˆØkUP®£kQfl”⁄. Gö£õ¸Ò ÁÍ[PÒ |ªUP∂, ˆ£m˜µıºØÆ, CØÿ¯P ¡ı≤ BQØ⁄ ¨UQØ G∂ˆ£ı∏“ ¡Õ[PÕıSÆ. J∏ {ımifl ˆ£ı∏Õıuıµ ¨fl˜⁄ÿ”zv¿ G∂ˆ£ı∏“ ¡Õ[P“ ¨UQØ £[S ¡QU Qfl”⁄. ˆuı»¿ x¯”∞fl x∂u ¡Õ∫a]US® ˆ£m˜µıºØ ˆ£ı∏mP“ ˆ£∂xÆ EuƒQfl”⁄. C¢°ÿ”ısifl ¨ufl¯©Øı⁄ G∂ˆ£ı∏ÕıP ¬Õ[SÆ C®ˆ£m˜µıºØÆ A\ıÆ, ©PıµıËiµÆ BQØ ©ı|ª[PŒ¿ SvØıP Eÿ£zv ˆ\¥Ø®£kQfl”x. uà {ımi¿ Pı¬∂ ˆh¿hı® £Sv PŒ¿ ˆ£m˜µıºØÆ Psk§iUP® £mk“Õx. C¢vØı¬fl \Uv ≠ª[PŒ¿ |ªUP∂ ¨UQØ©ı⁄uıSÆ. {Æ {ımifl \Uv ≠ª[PŒfl ˜u¯¡∞¿ 67 ¬ UPık (A⁄¿fl\Uv uØı∂® Em£h) |ªUP∂Øı¿ ß∫zv ˆ\¥Ø®£kQ”x. C¢vØı¬fl ˆuı»¿ ¡Õ∫a]∞¿ |ªUP∂∞fl £[S PƒÆ ¨UQØ©ı⁄uıSÆ. •Pı∫, J∂\ı, ˜©ÿS ¡[PıÕÆ ©ÿ÷Æ B¢vµ®§µ˜u\Æ BQØ ©ı|ª[P“ |ªUP∂ Eÿ£zv∞¿ S‘®§hzuUP ©ı|ª[PÕıSÆ. |ªUP∂ ∞fl J∏ ¡¯PØı⁄ £ ® |ªUP∂ uà {ımiæ“Õ ˆ{¥˜¡º∞¿ ˆ¡mi ˆØkUP®£kQfl”x. |ªUP∂ •Pı∫, J∂\ı, ˜©ÿS ¡[PıÕÆ, B¢vµı BQØ ©ı|ª[PŒæÆ, ˆ£m˜µıºØÆ A\ıÆ, ©PıµıËiµı, uÃ{ık ¨uªı⁄ ©ı|ª[PŒæÆ SvØıPU Q¯hUQfl”⁄. 345
ˆ£ıx¡ıP, E˜ªıPz uıxUP–Æ, G∂ˆ£ı∏“ ¡Õ[P–Æ J∏[˜P Q¯hUSÆ £SvPŒ¿ ˆuı»¿ {h¡iU¯PP“ PƒÆ ]”¢x ¬Õ[SQfl”⁄. GkzxUPımhıP •Pı∫, J∂\ı ©ÿ÷Æ ˜©ÿS ¡[PıÕÆ E“Õh[QØ uıx¡ÕÆ UP ¡mhıµzv¿ P⁄µPz ˆuı»ÿ\ı¯ªP“ A¯©Ø® ˆ£ÿ÷“Õ⁄. PÚµPz öuõÈ»P[PÒ P⁄µPz ˆuı»ªP[P–“ Jfl”ı⁄ C∏Æ GLSz ˆuı»ÿ\ı¯ª, {ımifl ˆuı»¿ ¡Õ∫a]∞¿ PƒÆ ¨UQØ©ı⁄ Jfl”ıSÆ. C∏Æ & GLS B¯ªP“ •Pı∫, J∂\ı ©ÿ÷Æ ˜©ÿS ¡[PıÕ ©ı|ª[PŒ¿ |÷¡®£mk“Õ⁄. C∏Æ&GLS B¯ªP“ u¤Øı∫ x¯”∞⁄µıæÆ ©ÿ÷Æ ˆ£ıxzx¯”∞⁄µıæÆ |∫¡QUP®£kQfl”⁄ (£hÆ 6.2). ˆ£ıPı˜µı, x∫Pıß∫, §ªı¥, π∫˜Pªı, ·ıƈÂmß∫, £zvµı¡v, ˜\ªÆ, ¬\ıP®£mi⁄Æ, Ìıψ£m BQØ Ch[PŒ¿ C∏Æ&GLS ˆuı»ªP[P“ E“Õ⁄. hõmhõ C¸®¦&GLS |ÖÁÚ® (TISCO) C¢vØı¬¿ 1907&¿ ·ıƈÂm‚ ˜{ı¡ı‚ hımhı Gfl£¡µı¿ C∏Æ&GLSz ˆuı»ªPÆ •Pı∂¿ E“Õ ·ıƈÂmß∂¿ |÷¡®£mhx. Cx˜¡ ¨ufl¨uº¿ u¤Øı∫ x¯”∞⁄µı¿ |÷¡®£mh ˆ£∂Ø AÕ¬ªı⁄ C∏Æ&GLSz ˆuı»ªP©ıSÆ. Cx˜¡ C¢vØı¬¿ C∏Æ&GLSz ˆuı»ªPzvÿS ¬zyfl‘Øx G⁄ªıÆ (£hÆ 6.3). C∏Æ&GLSz ˆuı»ÿ\ı¯ªUS ˜u¯¡®£kÆ ¨UQØ ≠ª®ˆ£ı∏mP“ C∏ÆÆ, |ªUP∂≤Æ BSÆ. C¯¡ CµskÆ P⁄©ı⁄ ˆ£ı∏mP“ Gfl£uı¿, ˆuı»ÿ\ı¯ªP“ C∏USÆ £SvP–USU ˆPısk ˆ\¿ª ˜£ıUS¡µzxa ˆ\ªƒP“ AvP©ıSÆ. G⁄˜¡ Cu¯⁄z u¬∫®£uÿPıP C∏Æ&GLSz ˆuı»ªP[P“ ˆ£ıx¡ıP C∏Æzuıx ˆ¡miˆØkUP®£kÆ £SvUS A∏Q˜ªı 346 TPm 6.2 347
- Page 253 and 254: ¡sn[P“ C¢vØ ¡ıÃU¯P ¨¯”
- Page 255 and 256: CØÿ¯P ¡mhıµ[P“ : |ª A¯©
- Page 257 and 258: 3. C¢vØı 8 o 4' ¡h Am\zvº∏¢
- Page 259 and 260: 1. w®£ı¯”P“, 2. £iƒ®£ı
- Page 261 and 262: ©¯ªP“ : w£Pÿ£ C¢vØı¬¿
- Page 263 and 264: TPm 2.3 270 ¬ Kmifl £UP¡ımk {P
- Page 265 and 266: P[¯P B÷ C©Ø©¯ªPŒ¿ E∏¡ı
- Page 267 and 268: PƒÆ Eص©ıP C∏®£uı¿ £¤
- Page 269 and 270: i®P“ && IV. _∏UP©ıP ¬¯hØ
- Page 271 and 272: ©ıu[PŒ¿ SŒµ BµÆ§USÆ. Cx˜
- Page 273 and 274: ©ıuzvº∏¢x ˆ¡®£Æ AvP∂UQ
- Page 275 and 276: öuß÷©ØS £¸ÁUPõØÖ ˆufl˜
- Page 277 and 278: ˆPıkUQfl”x. CUSfl÷P“ C©Ø©
- Page 279 and 280: _¯©v¨¥k I. \∂Øı⁄ ¬¯h¯
- Page 281 and 282: AªS & III : uı¡µÆ ©ÿ÷Æ ©s
- Page 283 and 284: Pın®£kÆ. Cz uı¡µ[P¯ÕU ˆP
- Page 285 and 286: ©µ[P“ ˆ¡mh®£mhı¿ ©sqUS
- Page 287 and 288: ©nº¿ C¯ª©US S¯”¡ıP C∏U
- Page 289 and 290: 6. ¡h˜©ÿSz uUPın •hß∞¿ _
- Page 291 and 292: Enƒ® £∞∫PŒfl ¡¯PP“ ©ı
- Page 293 and 294: (ADT 27), 50 (ADT 50) ˜£ıfl”
- Page 295 and 296: Pı®§, ˜u∞¯ªz u¬µ ˜¡÷
- Page 297 and 298: En∫˜¡ BSÆ. Cx {ımifl Enƒ Eÿ
- Page 299 and 300: ©UPŒfl Enƒ® ˆ£ı∏mPŒfl ˜u
- Page 301 and 302: III. §fl¡∏¡⁄¡ÿ¯”® ˆ£
- Page 303: v∏®vPµ©ı⁄ ¡ıÃU¯P¯Ø A
- Page 307 and 308: CØ¢vµ[P“ C∏Æ&GLS ˆ£ı∏m
- Page 309 and 310: E[P-USz ˆu∂≤©ı? C¢vØı £
- Page 311 and 312: IV._∏UP©ıP ¬¯hØŒUPƒÆ 1. C
- Page 313 and 314: ¡\v ¡ı¥®UP“ ˆ£∏P˜¡skÆ
- Page 315 and 316: Ch[PŒ¿ {¯hˆ£÷Æ ˆPılµ©ı
- Page 317 and 318: Ck§Vô Tu]ôhÓ ®Uô] ¨ûXVeLs T
- Page 319 and 320: ¡«[SQfl”x. C∏®§›Æ C∆¡
- Page 321 and 322: AªS VIII : C¢vØı¬fl ©UP“ ¡
- Page 323 and 324: Ck§V UdLhùRôûL YeLô[ ®¬ÏPô
- Page 325 and 326: ©ı|ª[P“ C©ı\ª® §µ˜u\Æ,
- Page 327 and 328: 4. •hß® §µ˜u\Æ && Q«USU Ph
- Page 329 and 330: S¯”ƒ. Cx Aˆ©∂UPı¬fl u¤{
- Page 331 and 332: I¢uıskz vmh[PŒfl ≠ªÆ ˆuı»
- Page 333 and 334: {ıkPŒfl J∏[Q¯n¢u £SvPÕıP C
- Page 335 and 336: AªS X : |ª¡¯µ® £h[P“ ¬ÕU
- Page 337 and 338: C¢vØı¬fl Am\ ¬∂ƒ 8 o 4'’
- Page 339 and 340: GkzxUPımk : ˆPıkUP®£mh “Œ¬
- Page 341 and 342: ¦ÒÎ ¬øÓ (DOT METHOD) uªÌ{õ
- Page 343 and 344: ¡mh £S®® £hzvÿPı⁄ ˜Pın A
- Page 345 and 346: AªS XI : PÕ®£o £ıhÆ 11 PÕ®
- Page 347 and 348: T”ªıÆ. Caˆ\غ¿, |ª¡¯µ
- Page 349 and 350: Aa\©Ø[P“ A¡∏US PƒÆ £Ø›
- Page 351 and 352: 3. Aa_÷zuUTiØ ¬⁄ıUP“ (Threa
- Page 353 and 354: 2. CµshıÆ |¯ª® “Œ¬¡µ[P
TPm 6.1<br />
344<br />
E÷»õP©À»õuU PÛ©[PÒ<br />
¯©Pı, _snıÆUP¿, ‚®\Æ BQد¡P“<br />
E˜ªıP ©¿ªıu uıxUPÕıSÆ. ¯©Pı, _snıÆUP¿<br />
BQد¡ ˆuı»¿ ¡Õ∫a]US® ˆ£∂xÆ EuƒQfl”⁄.<br />
CÆ≠fl÷ E˜ªıP©¿ªıu uıxUP–Æ B¢vµı,<br />
Cµı·Ïuıfl, uÃ{ık ©ÿ÷Æ ©zvاµ˜u\Æ ˜£ıfl”<br />
©ı|ª[PŒ¿ ˆ¡mi ˆØkUP®£kQfl”⁄.<br />
Gö£õ¸Ò ÁÍ[PÒ<br />
|ªUP∂, ˆ£m˜µıºØÆ, CØÿ¯P ¡ı≤ BQØ⁄<br />
¨UQØ G∂ˆ£ı∏“ ¡Õ[PÕıSÆ. J∏ {ımifl<br />
ˆ£ı∏Õıuıµ ¨fl˜⁄ÿ”zv¿ G∂ˆ£ı∏“ ¡Õ[P“ ¨UQØ<br />
£[S ¡QU Qfl”⁄. ˆuı»¿ x¯”∞fl x∂u ¡Õ∫a]US®<br />
ˆ£m˜µıºØ ˆ£ı∏mP“ ˆ£∂xÆ EuƒQfl”⁄.<br />
C¢°ÿ”ısifl ¨ufl¯©Øı⁄ G∂ˆ£ı∏ÕıP ¬Õ[SÆ<br />
C®ˆ£m˜µıºØÆ A\ıÆ, ©PıµıËiµÆ BQØ<br />
©ı|ª[PŒ¿ SvØıP Eÿ£zv ˆ\¥Ø®£kQfl”x.<br />
uà {ımi¿ Pı¬∂ ˆh¿hı® £Sv PŒ¿ ˆ£m˜µıºØÆ<br />
Psk§iUP® £mk“Õx. C¢vØı¬fl \Uv ≠ª[PŒ¿<br />
|ªUP∂ ¨UQØ©ı⁄uıSÆ. {Æ {ımifl \Uv ≠ª[PŒfl<br />
˜u¯¡∞¿ 67 ¬ UPık (A⁄¿fl\Uv uØı∂®<br />
Em£h) |ªUP∂Øı¿ ß∫zv ˆ\¥Ø®£kQ”x.<br />
C¢vØı¬fl ˆuı»¿ ¡Õ∫a]∞¿ |ªUP∂∞fl £[S<br />
PƒÆ ¨UQØ©ı⁄uıSÆ. •Pı∫, J∂\ı, ˜©ÿS ¡[PıÕÆ<br />
©ÿ÷Æ B¢vµ®§µ˜u\Æ BQØ ©ı|ª[P“ |ªUP∂<br />
Eÿ£zv∞¿ S‘®§hzuUP ©ı|ª[PÕıSÆ. |ªUP∂<br />
∞fl J∏ ¡¯PØı⁄ £ ® |ªUP∂ uà {ımiæ“Õ<br />
ˆ{¥˜¡º∞¿ ˆ¡mi ˆØkUP®£kQfl”x.<br />
|ªUP∂ •Pı∫, J∂\ı, ˜©ÿS ¡[PıÕÆ, B¢vµı<br />
BQØ ©ı|ª[PŒæÆ, ˆ£m˜µıºØÆ A\ıÆ, ©PıµıËiµı,<br />
uÃ{ık ¨uªı⁄ ©ı|ª[PŒæÆ SvØıPU<br />
Q¯hUQfl”⁄.<br />
345