Environmental Social Studies in Tamil - Jeywin
Environmental Social Studies in Tamil - Jeywin Environmental Social Studies in Tamil - Jeywin
AªS VI : ˆuı»ªP[P“ £ıhÆ 6 C¢vØz ˆuı»ªP[P“ Pÿ”¿ ˜{ıUP[P“ 1. ©ın¡∫ {Æ {ımifl ˆ£ı∏Õıuıµ ¨fl˜⁄ÿ”zv¿ ˆuı»ÿ\ı¯ªPŒfl £[Q¯⁄ A‘u¿. 2. ©ın¡∫ {Æ{ımifl £¿˜¡÷ ˆuı»ÿ\ı¯ªP¯Õ® £ÿ‘ ∂¢x ˆPı“Õ¿. 3. ©ın¡∫ \Uv u∏Æ (energy resources) ¡Õ[P¯Õ® £ÿ‘ ˆu∂¢x ˆPı“Õ¿. 4. ©ın¡∫ £¿˜¡÷ ¡¯PØı⁄z ˆuı»ÿ\ı¯ªPŒfl £ØflP¯Õ® £ÿ‘ A‘¢x ˆPı“Õ¿. 5. ©ın¡∫ P⁄µPz ˆuı»ÿ\ı¯ªP“ G∆¡ı÷ Cuµz ˆuı»¿PŒfl (˜£ıUS¡µzx, ¬Øı£ıµÆ) ¡Õ∫a]US EuƒQfl”⁄ Gfl£¯uz ˆu∂¢x ˆPı“Õ¿. ˆuı»¿P“ ©¤u∫P“ EØ∫¡ı⁄, ¡Õ∫a]دh¢u \¨uıØ {£∫P“ B¡∫. ©¤u¤fl Cfl‘د©Øıu Ai®£¯hz ˜u¯¡P“ Enƒ, E¯h, E¯”¬hÆ BSÆ. ©¤ufl u⁄x ¡ıÃU¯P ¨¯”¯Ø PƒÆ ¡\vP“ |¯”¢uuıPƒÆ, _ª£©ı⁄ ˆ£ı x ˜£ıUS UPuıPƒÆ, BhÆ£µÆ UPuıPƒÆ ©ıÿ‘U ˆPı“¡uÿS Ai®£¯hz ˜u¯¡P¯Õz u¬µ ©ÿ” £ª ˜u¯¡P–Æ ¡\vP–Æ ˜u¯¡®£kQfl”⁄. A∆¬u˜©, 341
v∏®vPµ©ı⁄ ¡ıÃU¯P¯Ø A¯h¡uÿSÆ £¿˜¡÷£mh ¡\vP“ ˜u¯¡®£kQfl”⁄. C¯¡ G¿ªı¨Æ £ªv”®£mh ˆ£ı∏Õıuıµ {h¡iU¯PP“ ≠ª©ıP˜¡ ˆ£”®£kQfl”⁄. Eÿ£zvz ˆuı»ÿ\ı¯ªP“ Gfl” ˆ£ı∏Õıuıµ {h¡iU¯P Pa\ı® ˆ£ı∏mP¯Õ (raw materials) ¨ ¯©® ˆ£ı∏ÕıP (finished product) ©ıÿ÷Æ ˆ\تıSÆ. {√⁄Pıª® ˆ£ı∏Õıuıµ ˜©Æ£ımiÿS, ˆuı»¿x¯”∞fl ¨fl˜⁄ÿ”Æ uÿˆ£ı x ¨fl ˜u¯¡ØıP E“Õx. Au⁄ı¿uıfl EªQ¿ ]‘Ø ©ÿ÷Æ ˆ£∂Ø, ¡Õ∫a] A¯h¢u ©ÿ÷Æ ¡Õ∫a] A¯h¢x ˆPısi∏USÆ {ıkP“ A¯⁄zx˜© u[PŒfl ¡Õ[P¯Õ ¡»¨¯”® £kzvz ˆuı»¿ ¡Õ∫a]¯Øz x∂u®£kzx Qfl”⁄. J∏ ¡mhıµzvfl ˆuı»¿x¯” {h¡iU¯PP–US Buıµ©ıP C∏®£x A[S“Õ CØÿ¯P ¡Õ[P˜ÕØıSÆ. ˆuı»ÿ\ı¯ªPŒfl £µ¡¿ A[S“Õ ¡Õ[PŒfl £µ¡¯ª® ˆ£ı∏zx A¯©Qfl”x. C¢vØı £¿˜¡÷ ¡Õ[P“ |¯”¢u J∏ {ıhıSÆ. C∏®§›Æ, ˆuı»¿x¯” ¨ ¡x©ıP ¡Õµ Cت¬¿¯ª. AuÿSU PıµnÆ ˆuı»ÿ\ı¯ªP–USz ˜u¯¡ Øı⁄ ≠ª®ˆ£ı∏mPŒfl £µ¡¿ ^µÿ÷ Pın®£k¡˜u. ˆuı»¿ {h¡iU¯PP–USz ˜u¯¡Øı⁄z uıx® ˆ£ı∏mPŒfl £µ¡¿ C¢vØı¬¿ S‘®§mh £SvPŒ¿ ˆ\‘¢x Pın®£k¡x S‘®§hzuUP Jfl”ıSÆ. ˆuı»ªP[P“ J∏ {ımi›¯hØ ˆuı»¿ {h¡iU¯PP–US Buıµ©ıP C∏®£x A¢{ımi¿ Q¯hUP®ˆ£÷Æ ¡Õ[P˜Õ. K∂hzvfl ˆuı»¿ ¨fl˜⁄ÿ”zvÿS A[S Q¯hUSÆ Pa\ı®ˆ£ı∏mPŒfl Eÿ£zv˜Ø ˆ£∂xÆ ¨UQØzx¡Æ ˆ£÷Qfl”x. CØÿ¯P ¡Õ[P“, PıkP“, ©ÿ÷Æ ˜¡Õıs £∞∫PŒfl Eÿ£zv BQØ¡ÿ‘fl £µ¡¿ ^µÿ÷ J∏ ]ª S‘®§mh £Sv∞¿ ©mk˜© ˆ\‘¢x Pın®£kQfl”x. G⁄˜¡, ˆuı»¿ {h¡iU¯P P–Æ A¡ÿ‘fl £µ¡æU˜Pÿ£ ˜¡÷£kQfl”⁄. 342 C¢vØı¬¿ Q¯hUSÆ ≠ª® ˆ£ı∏mPŒfl Ai® £¯h∞¿ ˆuı»¿P¯Õ ≠fl÷ ¡¯PPÕıP® §∂UPªıÆ. 1. uıx® ˆ£ı∏mP“ \ı∫¢u ˆuı»ªP[P“ 2. Pımk® ˆ£ı∏mP“ \ı∫¢u ˆuı»ªP[P“ 3. ¬¡\ıØ® ˆ£ı∏mP“ \ı∫¢u ˆuı»ªP[P“ uõx¨ö£õ¸mPÒ \õº¢u öuõÈÀPÒ C¢vØı¬¿ Pın®£kÆ P¤©® ˆ£ı∏mP¯Õ ≠fl÷ ¡¯PPÕıP® §∂UPªıÆ (£hÆ 6.1). A¯¡Øı¡⁄ : 1. E˜ªıPU P¤©[P“ (Metalic minerals) 2. E˜ªıP©¿ªıuU P¤©[P“ (Non-metalic minerals) 3. G∂ˆ£ı∏“ ¡Õ[P“ (Fuel resources) E÷»õPU PÛ©[PÒ C¢vØı¬¿ £ª¡¯PØı⁄ E˜ªıPU P¤©[P“ Pın®£kQfl”⁄. A¡ÿ÷“ C∏Æzuıx, ©[P‹_, u[PÆ, uıµÆ, ˆ¡“Œ, Aæ¤ØÆ BQد¡ {©x ˆ£ı∏Õıuıµzv¿ ˆ£∂xÆ ¨UQØzx¡Æ ˆ£÷Qfl”⁄. C∏Æz uıxƒÆ ©[P‹_Æ {ımifl ˆuı»¿ ¡Õ∫a]US PƒÆ Cfl‘د©Øıu¯¡. C¢vØı¬¿ •Pı∫, J∂\ı, ˜©ÿS ¡[PıÕÆ BQØ ©ı|ª[PŒ¿ E˜ªıPuıxUP“ SvØıPU Pın®£kQfl”⁄. S‘®£ıP, C¢u ©ı|ª[PŒ¿ C∏Æz uıxƒÆ, ©ı[P‹_Æ AvP AÕ¬¿ Q¯hUQfl”⁄ P∫{ıhP ©ı|ªzvæ“Õ ˜Pıªı∂¿ u[PÆ ˆ¡mi GkUP® £mhx. uÿ˜£ıx ˜£ıx©ı⁄¯¡ Q¯hUPıuuı¿ u[Pa _µ[P[P“ ≠h®£mk ¡∏Qfl”⁄. ˜©æÆ Aæ¤Øz uıx¡ı⁄ £ıU¯Èmk uÃ{ımi¿ AvP AÕ¬¿ Q¯hUQfl”x. C∏Æ, ©[P‹_ BQØ uıxUP“ •Pı∫, J∂\ı ©ÿ÷Æ ˜©ÿS ¡[PıÕzvæÆ, u[PÆ P∫{ıhPzvæÆ Aæ¤ØÆ uÃ{ımiæÆ Q¯hUQfl”⁄. 343
- Page 251 and 252: Hÿ£mh ]UP¿P¯Õz u¬∫UP 1956&B
- Page 253 and 254: ¡sn[P“ C¢vØ ¡ıÃU¯P ¨¯”
- Page 255 and 256: CØÿ¯P ¡mhıµ[P“ : |ª A¯©
- Page 257 and 258: 3. C¢vØı 8 o 4' ¡h Am\zvº∏¢
- Page 259 and 260: 1. w®£ı¯”P“, 2. £iƒ®£ı
- Page 261 and 262: ©¯ªP“ : w£Pÿ£ C¢vØı¬¿
- Page 263 and 264: TPm 2.3 270 ¬ Kmifl £UP¡ımk {P
- Page 265 and 266: P[¯P B÷ C©Ø©¯ªPŒ¿ E∏¡ı
- Page 267 and 268: PƒÆ Eص©ıP C∏®£uı¿ £¤
- Page 269 and 270: i®P“ && IV. _∏UP©ıP ¬¯hØ
- Page 271 and 272: ©ıu[PŒ¿ SŒµ BµÆ§USÆ. Cx˜
- Page 273 and 274: ©ıuzvº∏¢x ˆ¡®£Æ AvP∂UQ
- Page 275 and 276: öuß÷©ØS £¸ÁUPõØÖ ˆufl˜
- Page 277 and 278: ˆPıkUQfl”x. CUSfl÷P“ C©Ø©
- Page 279 and 280: _¯©v¨¥k I. \∂Øı⁄ ¬¯h¯
- Page 281 and 282: AªS & III : uı¡µÆ ©ÿ÷Æ ©s
- Page 283 and 284: Pın®£kÆ. Cz uı¡µ[P¯ÕU ˆP
- Page 285 and 286: ©µ[P“ ˆ¡mh®£mhı¿ ©sqUS
- Page 287 and 288: ©nº¿ C¯ª©US S¯”¡ıP C∏U
- Page 289 and 290: 6. ¡h˜©ÿSz uUPın •hß∞¿ _
- Page 291 and 292: Enƒ® £∞∫PŒfl ¡¯PP“ ©ı
- Page 293 and 294: (ADT 27), 50 (ADT 50) ˜£ıfl”
- Page 295 and 296: Pı®§, ˜u∞¯ªz u¬µ ˜¡÷
- Page 297 and 298: En∫˜¡ BSÆ. Cx {ımifl Enƒ Eÿ
- Page 299 and 300: ©UPŒfl Enƒ® ˆ£ı∏mPŒfl ˜u
- Page 301: III. §fl¡∏¡⁄¡ÿ¯”® ˆ£
- Page 305 and 306: ˆ£ıx¡ıP, E˜ªıPz uıxUP-Æ,
- Page 307 and 308: CØ¢vµ[P“ C∏Æ&GLS ˆ£ı∏m
- Page 309 and 310: E[P-USz ˆu∂≤©ı? C¢vØı £
- Page 311 and 312: IV._∏UP©ıP ¬¯hØŒUPƒÆ 1. C
- Page 313 and 314: ¡\v ¡ı¥®UP“ ˆ£∏P˜¡skÆ
- Page 315 and 316: Ch[PŒ¿ {¯hˆ£÷Æ ˆPılµ©ı
- Page 317 and 318: Ck§Vô Tu]ôhÓ ®Uô] ¨ûXVeLs T
- Page 319 and 320: ¡«[SQfl”x. C∏®§›Æ C∆¡
- Page 321 and 322: AªS VIII : C¢vØı¬fl ©UP“ ¡
- Page 323 and 324: Ck§V UdLhùRôûL YeLô[ ®¬ÏPô
- Page 325 and 326: ©ı|ª[P“ C©ı\ª® §µ˜u\Æ,
- Page 327 and 328: 4. •hß® §µ˜u\Æ && Q«USU Ph
- Page 329 and 330: S¯”ƒ. Cx Aˆ©∂UPı¬fl u¤{
- Page 331 and 332: I¢uıskz vmh[PŒfl ≠ªÆ ˆuı»
- Page 333 and 334: {ıkPŒfl J∏[Q¯n¢u £SvPÕıP C
- Page 335 and 336: AªS X : |ª¡¯µ® £h[P“ ¬ÕU
- Page 337 and 338: C¢vØı¬fl Am\ ¬∂ƒ 8 o 4'’
- Page 339 and 340: GkzxUPımk : ˆPıkUP®£mh “Œ¬
- Page 341 and 342: ¦ÒÎ ¬øÓ (DOT METHOD) uªÌ{õ
- Page 343 and 344: ¡mh £S®® £hzvÿPı⁄ ˜Pın A
- Page 345 and 346: AªS XI : PÕ®£o £ıhÆ 11 PÕ®
- Page 347 and 348: T”ªıÆ. Caˆ\غ¿, |ª¡¯µ
- Page 349 and 350: Aa\©Ø[P“ A¡∏US PƒÆ £Ø›
- Page 351 and 352: 3. Aa_÷zuUTiØ ¬⁄ıUP“ (Threa
AªS VI : ˆuı»ªP[P“<br />
£ıhÆ 6<br />
C¢vØz ˆuı»ªP[P“<br />
Pÿ”¿ ˜{ıUP[P“<br />
1. ©ın¡∫ {Æ {ımifl ˆ£ı∏Õıuıµ ¨fl˜⁄ÿ”zv¿<br />
ˆuı»ÿ\ı¯ªPŒfl £[Q¯⁄ A‘u¿.<br />
2. ©ın¡∫ {Æ{ımifl £¿˜¡÷ ˆuı»ÿ\ı¯ªP¯Õ®<br />
£ÿ‘ ∂¢x ˆPı“Õ¿.<br />
3. ©ın¡∫ \Uv u∏Æ (energy resources) ¡Õ[P¯Õ®<br />
£ÿ‘ ˆu∂¢x ˆPı“Õ¿.<br />
4. ©ın¡∫ £¿˜¡÷ ¡¯PØı⁄z ˆuı»ÿ\ı¯ªPŒfl<br />
£ØflP¯Õ® £ÿ‘ A‘¢x ˆPı“Õ¿.<br />
5. ©ın¡∫ P⁄µPz ˆuı»ÿ\ı¯ªP“ G∆¡ı÷ Cuµz<br />
ˆuı»¿PŒfl (˜£ıUS¡µzx, ¬Øı£ıµÆ)<br />
¡Õ∫a]US EuƒQfl”⁄ Gfl£¯uz ˆu∂¢x<br />
ˆPı“Õ¿.<br />
ˆuı»¿P“<br />
©¤u∫P“ EØ∫¡ı⁄, ¡Õ∫a]دh¢u \¨uıØ {£∫P“<br />
B¡∫. ©¤u¤fl Cfl‘د©Øıu Ai®£¯hz ˜u¯¡P“<br />
Enƒ, E¯h, E¯”¬hÆ BSÆ. ©¤ufl u⁄x ¡ıÃU¯P<br />
¨¯”¯Ø PƒÆ ¡\vP“ |¯”¢uuıPƒÆ, _ª£©ı⁄<br />
ˆ£ı x ˜£ıUS UPuıPƒÆ, BhÆ£µÆ UPuıPƒÆ<br />
©ıÿ‘U ˆPı“¡uÿS Ai®£¯hz ˜u¯¡P¯Õz u¬µ ©ÿ”<br />
£ª ˜u¯¡P–Æ ¡\vP–Æ ˜u¯¡®£kQfl”⁄. A∆¬u˜©,<br />
341
Change language