Environmental Social Studies in Tamil - Jeywin
Environmental Social Studies in Tamil - Jeywin Environmental Social Studies in Tamil - Jeywin
˜©˜ªı[Q |fl”⁄∫. C∆¬∏{ımi⁄∏Æ C¢vØı¬fl £ª Ch[PŒ¿ uÆ ¡oPz uª[P¯Õ |÷¬⁄∫. ˆ£∏Æ£ıªı⁄ A∆¡oPz uª[P“ PhÿP¯µ¯Ø JmiØ £SvPŒ¿ A¯©¢v∏¢u⁄. ¡oPzvfl ≠ªÆ Q¯hzu ˆ£∏Æ Cªı£Æ A∆¬∏{ımh¡∂¯h˜Ø ˜£ımi¯Ø≤Æ, ß\¯ª≤Æ E∏¡ıUQØx. Au⁄ı¿ A¡∫P–US“ AiUPi Pk¯©Øı⁄ \s¯hP–Æ Hÿ£mh⁄. A®˜£ı∫PŒ¿ B[Qª® §ˆµg_ Aµ_P“ uÆ {ımk ¡oPU S UP–US Buµƒ AŒzu⁄. 1707&BÆ Bsk JÕµ[P^®§fl ©¯”¬ÿS® §fl ¨PªıØ® ˜£µµ_ ]u÷shx. 1645 ¨u¿ ]¡ı‚∞fl ¬hı¨Øÿ]Øı¿ A¯©UP®£mh ©µızvØ® ˜£µµ_ •Ë¡ıUP“ u¯ª¯©∞¿ C¢vØı¬fl ˜©ÿS® £Sv∞¿ £µ¢x ¬∂¢ux. 1724&¿ |\ıÆ E¿¨¿U Gfl”¯«UP®£mh A\®·ı uUPın®£Sv∞¿ Iuµı£ız Aµ¯\ |÷¬⁄ı∫. 1740&¿ Aº¡∫vPıfl ¡[PıÕzvfl _u¢vµ {¡ı£ıPz ufl¯⁄ A‘¬zxU ˆPıshı∫. B∫UPım¯hz u¯ª{PµıPU ˆPısk \ıuzx¿ªı Pıfl (Saadatullah Khan, 1710 & 1732) P∫{ıhP® £Sv∞fl {¡ı£ı⁄ı∫. A¡∏US® §fl Bm] ˆ\¥u¡∏Æ A¡∏¯hØ ©∏©P›©ı⁄ ˜uıÏz Aº ©µızvØ∫PÕı¿ 1740&¿ {h¢u ˜£ı∂¿ ˆPı¿ª®£mhı∫. Iuµı£ız |\ı©ı⁄ A\®·ı v∏a]µı®£“Œ ¡¯µ ¡¢x Afl¡∏wflPıfl Gfl£ ¡¯µ B∫UPımifl {¡ı£ıP |Øzuı∫. A¡∫ ©UP“ ©zv∞¿ Pà ˆ£”¬¿¯ª. ©µızvØ∫PÕı¿ ]¯” ¯¡UP® £mh ˜uıÏz Aº∞fl ©∏©P⁄ı⁄, \¢uı\ıQ® 1748&¿ ¬k¬UP®£mk Afl¡∏w›USz ˆuı¿¯ª ˆPıkzx ¡¢uı∫. E“{ımk® £ı¯ÕØUPıµ∫P–Æ PªPzv¿ Dk£mh ⁄∫. A¢u |¯ªØÿ” Aµ]Ø¿ |¯ª¯© B[Q˜ªØ¯µ≤Æ, §ˆµg_U Pı∫P¯Õ≤Æ {Æ {ımk Aµ]Ø¿ ¬¡Pıµ[PŒ¿ u¯ª∞h ¯¡zux. I. P∫{ıhP® ˜£ı∫P“ ¨u¿ P∫{ıhP® ˜£ı∫ (1746 & 48) & Pıµn[P“ : I˜µı®§Ø ¡oPU S UPŒ¯h˜Ø Hÿ£mh ˜£ımi®£¯P 1742&¿ 18
i≥®˜Õ £ısia˜\∂∞fl B–{µıP |ØUP®£mhv º∏¢x w¬µ©¯h¢ux. §ˆµg_UPıµ∫PŒfl |¯ª¯Ø EØ∫zu i≥®˜Õ ¬∏Ƨ⁄ı∫. Aa\©ØÆ I˜µı®£ı¬¿ BÏv∂Ø ¡ı∂_∂¯©® ˜£ı∫ Hÿ£mhx. A®˜£ı∂¿ C[Qªı¢xÆ §µıfl_Æ Gv∫Gv∫ Ao∞¿ C∏¢u⁄. A®˜£ı∫ C¢vØı¬æÆ Gvˆµıºzux. 1746&BÆ Bsk B[Q˜ªØ∫ C¢vØı¬º∏¢u §ˆµg_UPıµ∫P“ ´x ˜£ı∫ ˆuıkzu⁄∫. ˜£ı∫ |PÃa]P“ : B[Q˜ªØ∫ u[P“ Phÿ£¯hz u¯ª¡∫ £ı∫ˆ⁄mifl Eu¬≤hfl C¢vØU Phº¿ C∏¢u §ˆµg_U P®£¿ P¯ÕU ¯P®£ÿ‘⁄∫. i≥®˜Õ ˆ©ı∑ÊØͺ∏¢u §ˆµg_ B–{µı⁄ ªı ß∫hıfl⁄ı¥¯\ (La- Bourdonnais) Eu¬US A¯«zuı∫. §ˆµg_U Phÿ£¯h ˆ\fl¯⁄z Cµı£∫m Q¯Õ∆ x¯” ¨Pz¯u ¨ÿ÷¯P∞mhx. i≥®˜Õ≤Æ ªı ß∫hıfl⁄ı¥_Æ C¯n¢x ˆ\fl¯⁄¯ØU ¯P®£ÿ‘⁄∫. ˆ\fl¯⁄¯Ø ´mP Afl¡∏wfl ©ıßÏPıfl u¯ª¯©∞¿ P®ˆ£∂Ø £¯h ˆØıfl¯” A›®§⁄ı∫. B⁄ı¿ A®ˆ£∏Æ £¯h¯ØU Pmk®£ık UP ]‘Ø §ˆµg_® £¯h A¯hØı‘¿ {h¢u \s¯h∞¿ ˜uıÿPizux. i≥®˜Õ B[Q˜ªØ∂fl ˆ\∞flm ˜h¬m ˜Pım¯h¯ØU ¯P®£ÿ” ˜©ÿˆPısh ¨Øÿ] ˜uı¿¬ A¯h¢ux. CuÿQ¯h∞¿ I˜µı®£ı¬¿ BÏv∂Ø ¡ı∂_∂¯©® ˜£ı∫ J∏ ¨iƒUS ¡¢ux. G⁄˜¡ C¢vØı¬æÆ B[Q˜ªØ∏Æ §ˆµg_UPıµ∫P–Æ uÆ \s¯h¯Ø |÷zvU ˆPısh⁄∫. ¬¯ÕƒP“ : 1748&BÆ Bsk A¥&ªı&\ı®˜£¿ (Aix-la- Chapelle) G›Æ Ehfl£iU¯P BÏv∂Ø ¡ı∂_∂¯©® ˜£ı∏US J∏ ¨ÿ÷®“Œ ¯¡zux. Azxhfl ¨u¿ P∫{ıhP® ˜£ı∏Æ J∏ ¨iƒUS ¡¢ux. A∆ƒhfl £iU¯P∞fl£i B[Q˜ªØ∫ ˆ\fl¯⁄¯Øz v∏Æ£® 19
- Page 1 and 2: \≠P A‘¬Ø¿ (¡µªı÷ & Si¯
- Page 3 and 4: AªS & I ˆ£ı∏ÕhUPÆ ¡µªı
- Page 7 and 8: AªS & I £ıhÆ & 1 C¢vØı¬ÿS
- Page 9 and 10: ¡ıϘPıh Pı©ı : ¡ıϘPıh
- Page 12 and 13: PU S÷QØ Pıª˜© }izux. ©ÿ”
- Page 14 and 15: 1620&¿ u[P“ ¡oPz uªz¯u A¯©z
- Page 17 and 18: ¡oPU S 1664&BÆ Bsk 14&BÆ ø∞
- Page 19 and 20: 5. \∫ ¬¿ºØÆ ÌıUQflÏ C¢{
- Page 21 and 22: B 1. ha_UPıµ∫ && ˜£ı∫a_UR]
- Page 23: £ıhÆ & 2 C¢vØı¬¿ B[Q˜ªØ
- Page 27 and 28: BÆß∫ Gfl›hzv¿ Afl¡ı∏w¯
- Page 29 and 30: ¯Ø® ˆ£ÿ‘∏¢ux, (5) B[Qª
- Page 31 and 32: ˆ¡Œ{ımk® £∞ÿ]ØıÕ∫P¯
- Page 33 and 34: B[Q˜ªØ∏Æ ˜£ı∂¿ uıÆ ¯
- Page 35: uÕ£v Ïl¡∫k, uÕ£v Ìı∂Ï
- Page 38 and 39: S¯”P“ : (1) Czvmhzv¯⁄ Hÿ
- Page 40 and 41: ©µızvØ u¯ª¡∫PŒfl Tmh¯©
- Page 42 and 43: uı⁄ıP A∆¡ı÷ ˆ\¥u⁄∫.
- Page 44 and 45: h¿ˆÌÕ]∞fl ¡ıÃU¯P ¡µªı
- Page 46: ˆÌÕµı¬º∏¢x µıoPga Gfl
- Page 49 and 50: 3. ªı ß∫hıfl⁄ı¥Ï §ˆµg
- Page 51 and 52: 18. ¡ı∂_ C«®U ˆPı“¯P RÃ
- Page 53 and 54: III. §fl¡∏¡⁄¡ÿ¯”® ˆ£
- Page 55 and 56: 19. x¯n®£¯hz vmhzv¿ ˜\∫¢u
- Page 57 and 58: £ıhÆ & 3 ¨u¿ C¢vØa _u¢vµ®
- Page 59 and 60: C∏¢uı∫. A®µm]UPı⁄ Pıµn
- Page 61 and 62: £u¬¯Ø C«UP ˜{∂mhx. Au⁄ı
- Page 63: £_ ©ÿ÷Æ £fl‘∞fl ˆPı ®,
- Page 66 and 67: Jÿ÷¯©∞fl¯© : µm]ØıÕ∫P
- Page 68 and 69: ˜£µ‘U¯P ˆ¡Œ∞h®£mhx. A
- Page 70 and 71: 8. ¡[PıÕzvº∏¢u £¯h√µ∫
- Page 72 and 73: 6. B∫.i. ˜©[P¿Ï (R.D. Mangles
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