Environmental Social Studies in Tamil - Jeywin
Environmental Social Studies in Tamil - Jeywin Environmental Social Studies in Tamil - Jeywin
`Ã|¯ªPŒfl PmhıØzv⁄ı¿ £oUSa ˆ\¿ª ˜¡si ≤“Õx. {©x Aµ]ت¯©®a \mhÆ ]÷¡∫P¯Õz ˆuı»¿ A¯©®PŒ¿ ˜¡¯ªUP©∫zx¡¯uz u¯h ˆ\¥Qfl”x. 1948&BÆ Bsk C¢vØz ˆuı»ÿ\ı¯ªP“ \mhÆ 14 ¡ØvÿSm£mh Bs A¿ªx ˆ£so¯⁄z ˆuı»ÿ\ı¯ª PŒ¿ ˜¡¯ªUP©∫zx¡¯uz u¯h ˆ\¥Qfl”x. 1951&BÆ Bsk ˜uımhz ˆuı»ªıÕ∫ \mhÆ 12 ¡ØvÿSU Rà E“Õ ]÷¡∫P¯ÕU Pı®§ ©ÿ÷Æ Cµ®£∫ ˜uımhz ˆuı»º¿ ˜¡¯ªUP©∫zx¡¯uz ukUQfl”x. 1952&BÆ Bsk _µ[Pa \mhÆ 15 ¡ØvÿSU Rà E“Õ¡∫P¯Õa _µ[P[PŒ¿ ˜¡¯ªUP©∫zx¡¯uU Pmk®£kzxQfl”x. 1960&BÆ Bsk ]÷¡∫PŒfl \mh®£i G¿ªı ©ı|ª[PŒæÆ ]”ı∫ {ª ¡ı∂Ø[P“ A¯©UP®£mk“Õ⁄. 1961&BÆ Bsk ˆ£s ]_¡¯ua \mhÆ ˆ£s S«¢¯uP“ ˆPı¿ª® £k¡¯uz ukUQfl”x. u¡÷ C¯«®˜£ı¯µ Ca\mhÆ usiUQfl”x. ]”ı∫ ˆuı»º¯⁄ }UPƒÆ, ]÷¡∫P¯Õ® £∞ÿ÷¬UPƒÆ, £¿˜¡÷ {h¡iU¯PP“ ˜©ÿˆPı“Õ® £mk ¡∏Qfl”⁄. G¤›Æ ]”ı∫ §µa\¯⁄ £¿˜¡÷ Pıµn[PŒ⁄ı¿ {ımifl J∏ ]ª £SvPŒ¿ Cfl⁄¨Æ }izx ¡∏Qfl”x. JkUP®£mh ©UPŒfl {ªÆ : \ıv ¨¯”∞⁄ı¿ Hÿ£kÆ Hÿ”zuıà C¢vØı¬ÿS ©ÿˆ”ı∏ \¡ıªıSÆ. {©x Aµ]ت¯©®a \mhÆ G¢u ¡¯PØı⁄ ˜¡÷£ımi¯⁄≤Æ ukUQfl”x. 1955&BÆ Bsk wshı¯©U Sÿ”a \mhÆ wshı¯©¯ØU P¯h®§i®˜£ı∏USz ush¯⁄ ¡«[S Qfl”x. 1989&BÆ Bsk uıÃzu®£mh, £«[Si∞⁄∫ (A}vP“ uk®a) \mhÆ, uıÃzu®£mh £«[Si∞⁄∏US GvµıP C¯«UP®£kÆ A}vP¯ÕU P¯ÕØ Pk¯©Øı⁄ ush¯⁄ AŒUP ¡¯P ˆ\¥Qfl”x. Czu¯PØ \mhß∫¡ {h¡iU¯PP¯Õz u¬µ ©zvØ, ©ı|ª Aµ_P“ uıÃzu® £m˜hı∫, £«[Si∞⁄∫, ©ÿ” §ÿ£kzu®£mh ¡S®§⁄∫ P–US ˜¡¯ª ¡ı¥®§æÆ, P¿¬ |÷¡⁄[PŒæÆ Ch JxURk ˆPı“¯P∞¯⁄® §fl£ÿ‘ ¡∏Qfl”⁄. P¿¬ Eu¬z ˆuı¯PP“, Pmhna \æ¯PP“, ]”® ©ÿ÷Æ ˆuı»¿ £∞ÿ], Czu¯PØ ¡S®§⁄∫P–UPı⁄ ¬kv ¡\v 140
BQØ {h¡iU¯PP“ C¢vØı¬¿ J∏[Q¯n¢u \≠P ¨fl˜⁄ÿ”zv¯⁄U ˆPısk ¡∏¡v¿ Eu¬ ∂¢x“Õ⁄. ]÷£ıfl¯©∞⁄∫ {ªÆ : C¢vØ Aµ]ت¯©®a \mhÆ ]÷£ıfl¯©∞⁄∫ P¿¬ |÷¡⁄[P“ A¯©zvhƒÆ, u[PÕx, \≠P, £s£ımk E∂¯©P¯Õ ˜©Æ£kzvU ˆPı“ÕƒÆ E∂¯©∞¯⁄ AŒUQfl”x. 1992&BÆ Bsk ]÷£ıfl¯©∞⁄∫ ˜u]Ø B¯nØa \mhÆ ˜u]Ø, ©ı|ª ]÷£ıfl¯©∞⁄∫ B¯nØ[P¯Õ A¯©zvh ¡» ˆ\¥Qfl”x. Czu¯PØ {h¡iU¯PP“ {©x {ımiæ“Õ ]÷£ıfl¯©∞⁄∫ ©zv∞¿ £ıxPı® En∫¬¯⁄® Hÿ£kzv≤“Õ⁄. F⁄¨ÿ˜”ı∫ {ªfl : F⁄¨ÿ˜”ı∫PŒfl S¯”P¯ÕU P¯Õ¢vh Aµ_ ©ÿ÷Æ Aµ_ \ıµı ˆuısk |÷¡⁄[P“ £oØıÿ‘ ¡∏Qfl”⁄. 1955&BÆ Bsk F⁄¨ÿ˜”ı∫ \mhÆ Eh¿ F⁄¨ÿ˜”ı∫ ©÷¡ıà ˆ£ÿ‘h CØÿ”®£mhx. 1976&BÆ Bsk Pıflß∂¿ C¢vØa ˆ\Øÿ¯P Eh¿ E÷®P“ Eÿ£zv |÷¡⁄Æ (Artificial Limb Manufacturing Corporation of India) A¯©UP®£mhx. C¢|÷¡⁄Æ F⁄¨ÿ ˜”ı∏USz ˜u¯¡®£kÆ ©¤u E÷®P¯Õa ˆ\Øÿ¯PØıP Eÿ£zva ˆ\¥x ¡∏Qfl”x. 1997&BÆ Bsk ·⁄¡∂z v[P“ 24&BÆ {ı“ ˜u]Ø F⁄¨ÿ˜”ı∫ ¡Õ∫a] |v |÷¡⁄Æ (The National Handicapped Finance and Development Corporation) A¯©UP®£mhx. C¢|÷¡⁄Æ F⁄¨ÿ˜”ı∫P“ P¿¬, ©ÿ÷Æ ˜¡¯ª ¡ı¥®§¯⁄® ˆ£” Phfl Eu¬ØŒzx ¡∏Qfl”x. ¨v˜Øı∫ {ªfl : ¨v˜Øı∫ {ª¯⁄® ˜£oh Aµ_ ©ÿ÷Æ ufl⁄ı∫¡z ˆuısk |÷¡⁄[P“ ˆ\Ø¿∂¢x ¡∏Qfl”⁄. ¨v˜Øı∫ ¡\v≤hfl u[Qh ¨v˜Øı∫ C¿ª[P“ (Old Age Homes) Hÿ£kzu®£mk“Õ⁄. Azu¯PØ C¿ª[P–US Aµ_ Eu¬P¯Õ® ∂¢x ¡∏Qfl”x. P¿¬ ¡Õ∫a] : \≠P ¨fl˜⁄ÿ”zv¯⁄U ˆPısk ¡∏¡v¿ P¿¬∞fl £[S ¡º¯© ¡ı¥¢uuıSÆ. P¿¬ J∏[Q¯n¢u 141
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- Page 157 and 158: 1949&50&BÆ Bsi¿ ˆ©ızu Enƒ uı
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- Page 171 and 172: 6. Ao˜\µı¯© : "Ao˜\µı¯©'
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- Page 175 and 176: C¢vØı u⁄x E”¬¯⁄z xsizxU
- Page 177 and 178: ¡¢x“Õx. C¢vØı u⁄x GLSz ˆ
- Page 179 and 180: Si¯©∞Ø¿ AªS & I £ıhÆ & 1
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- Page 183 and 184: {ımk ¬¡Pıµ[PŒ¿ ¨µs£ıkP
- Page 185 and 186: £SvP¯Õ (Union Territories) ©zv
- Page 187 and 188: II. ˜Pıimh Ch[P¯Õ |µ®P 1. Aˆ
- Page 189 and 190: £ıhÆ & 2 C¢vØı¬fl ©zvØ Aµ
- Page 191 and 192: Siص_z u¯ª¡∫ : C¢vØU SiØ
- Page 193 and 194: Cµı‰Ø \£ı¬fl TmkU Tmhz¯uU
- Page 195 and 196: QØı¤ ˆ·∞¿][ 1982&1987 B∫.
BQØ {h¡iU¯PP“ C¢vØı¬¿ J∏[Q¯n¢u \≠P<br />
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]÷£ıfl¯©∞⁄∫ ˜u]Ø B¯nØa \mhÆ ˜u]Ø, ©ı|ª<br />
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P¯Õ¢vh Aµ_ ©ÿ÷Æ Aµ_ \ıµı ˆuısk |÷¡⁄[P“<br />
£oØıÿ‘ ¡∏Qfl”⁄. 1955&BÆ Bsk F⁄¨ÿ˜”ı∫ \mhÆ<br />
Eh¿ F⁄¨ÿ˜”ı∫ ©÷¡ıà ˆ£ÿ‘h CØÿ”®£mhx.<br />
1976&BÆ Bsk Pıflß∂¿ C¢vØa ˆ\Øÿ¯P Eh¿<br />
E÷®P“ Eÿ£zv |÷¡⁄Æ (Artificial Limb Manufactur<strong>in</strong>g Corporation<br />
of India) A¯©UP®£mhx. C¢|÷¡⁄Æ F⁄¨ÿ<br />
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v[P“ 24&BÆ {ı“ ˜u]Ø F⁄¨ÿ˜”ı∫ ¡Õ∫a] |v<br />
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Corporation) A¯©UP®£mhx. C¢|÷¡⁄Æ F⁄¨ÿ˜”ı∫P“<br />
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¡∏Qfl”x.<br />
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