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Hkkjrh; d`f"k dh fLFkfr 2011&12

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<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

2011&<strong>12</strong><br />

Hkkjr ljdkj<br />

d`f"k ea=ky;<br />

d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx<br />

ubZ fnYyh


S-3/e/Report 20<strong>12</strong>/3973Agr./3973Agr.Contd.<br />

<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong> 2011&<strong>12</strong><br />

fo"k;&lwph<br />

i`"B lañ<br />

lkjf.k;ksa <strong>dh</strong> lwph ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ iv<br />

vkd`fr;ksa <strong>dh</strong> lwph------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ v<br />

ckWDlksa <strong>dh</strong> lwph --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- viii<br />

vuqca/kksa <strong>dh</strong> lwph-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- x<br />

la{ksik{kjksa <strong>dh</strong> lwph ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- xii<br />

1 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d` f"k% izn'kZu ,oa pqukSfr;ka --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1<br />

<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> lajpuk ,oa lajpukRed :ikUrj.k ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1<br />

d` f"k dk fodkl izn'kZu ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3<br />

d` f"k fuos'k esa o`f) ds lapkyd ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8<br />

ekax vkiwfrZ esa vlarqyu dk vkfoHkkZo ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16<br />

d` f"k ftUlksa esa O;kikj -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16<br />

<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d` f"k esa lkoZtfud&futh Hkkxhnkjh ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17<br />

ewY; uhfr ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17<br />

foi.ku vkSj Hkk.Mkxkj lqfo/kk,a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18<br />

Hkwfe ,oa _.k cktkj ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18<br />

vkxs <strong>dh</strong> j.kuhfr -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18<br />

2 izkd`frd lalk/ku izca/ku ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20<br />

Hkw&mi;ksx----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20<br />

e`nk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22<br />

ty------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34<br />

ekSle rFkk tyok;q ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40<br />

foink ,oa vkink izca/ku ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43<br />

3 QkeZ vknku ,oa izca/ku ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 47<br />

cht@ikS/k jksi.k@iztuu lkexzh ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 47<br />

moZjd ,oa [kkn --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51<br />

uk'khthoekj -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54<br />

QkeZ e'khujh ,oa midj.k -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58<br />

flapkbZ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62<br />

etnwj vkSj d`f"k etnwjh ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63<br />

_.k vkSj chek ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 64<br />

i


S-3/e/Report 20<strong>12</strong>/3973Agr./3973Agr.Contd.<br />

4 d`f"k mRiknu vkSj dk;ZØe -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i`"B<br />

lañ<br />

69<br />

[kkn~; vkiwfrZ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 69<br />

Qly {ks= esa fo'ks"k igy@dk;ZØe -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 77<br />

d` f"k ifj;kstukvksa ds fy, foÙk vk;ksx n~okjk vuqnku --------------------------------------------------------------------- 88<br />

vfrfjDr vuqnku ifj;kstuk,a ¼bZ , ih ,l½ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 89<br />

ckxokuh Qly---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 93<br />

[kkn~; ekax---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 102<br />

5 d`f"k ewY; vkSj ef.M;ka ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 106<br />

d` f"k ewY; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 106<br />

d` f"k ewY; uhfr vkSj ,e,lih --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 110<br />

eaMh gLr{ksi vkSj ewY; lgk;rk L<strong>dh</strong>esa ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 111<br />

d` f"k eafM;ka -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1<strong>12</strong><br />

fo'o d`f"k esa Hkkjr ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 119<br />

6 d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <strong>12</strong>4<br />

izkd`frd lalk/ku izca/ku ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <strong>12</strong>5<br />

Qly foKku ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ <strong>12</strong>7<br />

ckxokuh Qlysa---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 136<br />

i'kq foKku ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 143<br />

eRL; ikyu -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 147<br />

d` f"k vfHk;kaf=<strong>dh</strong>------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 150<br />

mPprj d` f"k f'k{kk------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 152<br />

foLrkj vuqla/kku -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 157<br />

foLrkj lsok,a ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 160<br />

7 i'kqikyu] Ms;jh ,oa ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 167<br />

Ms;jh rFkk i'kq/ku mRiknu --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 167<br />

;kstuk L<strong>dh</strong>e------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 168<br />

ehV ,ao dqDdqV {ks= --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 170<br />

iks"kkgkj% pkjk ,oa vkgkj ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 172<br />

i'kq/ku LokLF;----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 174<br />

ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> {ks= ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 175<br />

ii


S-3/e/Report 20<strong>12</strong>/3973Agr./3973Agr.Contd.<br />

8 dVkbZ i'pkr~ izca/ku rFkk ewY; o/kZu ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i`"B<br />

lañ<br />

177<br />

[kkn~| izlaLdj.k {ks= -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 177<br />

;kstuk L<strong>dh</strong>esa------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 182<br />

pqukSfr;ka ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 187<br />

Hkkoh dk;Zuhfr----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 188<br />

9 lwpuk izkSn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong> rFkk d`"kh; vkWdaM+s ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 190<br />

d` f"k esa Hkw&LFkkfud rduhd dk iz;ksx---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 190<br />

d` f"k lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 194<br />

d` f"k x.kuk --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 196<br />

lanHkZ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 199<br />

vuqca/k --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 200<br />

iii


S-3/e/Report 20<strong>12</strong>/3973Agr./3973Agr.Contd.<br />

lkjf.k;ksa <strong>dh</strong> lwph<br />

Øeñ<br />

la[;k<br />

'kh"kZd i`"B lañ<br />

1-1 iz/kku Qlyksa ds {ks=] mRiknu vkSj iSnkokj ds vf[ky <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; vkSlr okf"kZd o`f) nj---------------------------- 7<br />

2-1 e`nk ijh{k.k iz;ksx'kkykvksa <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 23<br />

2-2 Hkkjr esa voØfer Hkwfe------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 24<br />

2-3 jkT;okj e`nk moZjrk <strong>fLFkfr</strong> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26<br />

2-4 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; e`nk esa lw{e iks"kd rRo <strong>dh</strong> deh <strong>dh</strong> ek=k ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 27<br />

2-5 vkbZ MCY;w ,e ih ds vUrxZr iwjh <strong>dh</strong> x;h@lekIr ifj;kstukvksa <strong>dh</strong> dk;ZØeokj la[;k -------------------------- 35<br />

2-6 X;kjgoha ;kstukof/k ds nkSjku vkbZMCY;w,eih ds vUrxZr okLrfod izxfr-------------------------------------------- 37<br />

3-1 Hkkjr esa chtksa <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk vkSj miyC/krk-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49<br />

3-2 Hkkjr esa chtksa dk mRiknu vkSj [kir ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49<br />

3-3 Hkkjr esa moZjdksa dk mRiknu vkSj [kir ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51<br />

3-4 Hkkjr esa <strong>dh</strong>Vuk'kd <strong>dh</strong> [kir ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54<br />

3-5 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k esa fofHkUu ifjpkyuksa ds ;U=hdj.k dk Lrj ---------------------------------------------------------------- 58<br />

3-6 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k esa fofHkUu d`f"k fctyh L=ksrksa dk izfr'kr va'k ------------------------------------------------------------ 59<br />

3-7 Hkkjr esa VªSDVjksa vkSj ikoj fVyjksa <strong>dh</strong> fcØh ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 59<br />

4-1 [kkn~; lqj{kk fe'ku dk izHkko ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 78<br />

4-2 ,u,Q,l,e ds iz;kstu ds vUrxZr laLFkkvksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa <strong>dh</strong> lwph------------------------------------------------- 79<br />

4-3 vkjñ dsñ ohñ okbZñ vkcaVu ekun.M -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81<br />

4-4 vkjñ dsñ ohñ okbZñ <strong>dh</strong> ubZ miL<strong>dh</strong>esa 2011&<strong>12</strong> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 84<br />

4-5 X;kjgoha ;kstuk ds nkSjku frygu] nygu] eDdk vkSj vkW;yike <strong>dh</strong> okLrfod y{; vkSj miyfC/k ---------- 86<br />

4-6 eDdk ds {ks=] mRiknu vkSj mRikndrk esa eq[; miyfC/k;ka -------------------------------------------------------------- 88<br />

4-7 d`f"k {ks= gsrq rsjgoha foÙk vk;ksx n~okjk laLrqr vuqnku -------------------------------------------------------------------- 89<br />

4-8 fo'o cSad lgk;rk izkIr d`f"k ifj;kstuk,a ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 90<br />

5-1 U;wure leFkZu ewY; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1<strong>12</strong><br />

5-2 31-10-2011 <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong> ds vuqlkj d`f"k ef.M;ksa ¼,ih,elh vf/kfu;e½ esa lq/kkj <strong>dh</strong> izxfr------------------- 113<br />

5-3 ns'k esa d`f"k os;j gkmflax {kerk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 117<br />

7-1 vf[ky <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; Lrj ij nw/k] v.Mk] Åu vkSj eNyh ds mRiknu esa la;qDr okf"kZd o`f) nj ¼lh , th vkj½ 168<br />

8-1 [kkn~; izlaLdj.k {ks= <strong>dh</strong> o`f) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 179<br />

8-2 iathd`r izlaLdj.k ,ddksa <strong>dh</strong> {ks=okj la[;k -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 180<br />

8-3 vizSy 2010 ls vxLr 2011 rd [kkn~; izlaLdj.k {ks= esa fons'kh izR;{k iwath fuos'k ----------------------------- 180<br />

8-4 fofHkUu Qlyksa esa viO;;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 187<br />

8-5 d`f"k ftUlksa esa viO;; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 187<br />

9-1 dk'rdkjh <strong>fLFkfr</strong> vkSj vkdkj oxks± n~okjk Hkkjr esa ifjpkyukRed forj.k -------------------------------------------- 197<br />

iv


S-3/e/Report 20<strong>12</strong>/3973Agr./3973Agr.Contd.<br />

vkd`fr;ksa <strong>dh</strong> lwph<br />

Øe<br />

la[;k<br />

'kh"kZd i`"B lañ<br />

1-1 vkfFkZd dk;Zdyki ds vuqlkj ldy ?kjsyw mRikn <strong>dh</strong> lajpuk ---------------------------------------------------------- 2<br />

1-2 fofHkUu d`f"k lax.kukvksa ¼lHkh vkdkj lewgksa gsrq½ ds vuqlkj tksrksa dk vkSlr vkdkj ¼gSñ½ ------------------- 2<br />

1-3 o`f) nj] thMhih ¼lEiw.kZ½ vkSj thMhih ¼d`f"k ,oa lac) {ks=½------------------------------------------------------- 3<br />

1-4 thMhih ,oa d`f"k&thMhih <strong>dh</strong> o`f) dk rqyukRed izn'kZu ---------------------------------------------------------------<br />

1-5 d`f"k rFkk lac) {ks= ls ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn <strong>dh</strong> vkSlr okf"kZd o`f) nj ¼%½ 1994&95 ls -<br />

4<br />

1999&2000 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5<br />

1-6 d`f"k rFkk lac) {ks= ls ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn <strong>dh</strong> vkSlr okf"kZd o`f) nj ¼%½ 2000&01 ls 2008&09 -- 5<br />

1-7 eDdk dk {ks=] mRiknu vkSj mit ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6<br />

1-8 dikl dk {ks=] mRiknu vkSj iSnkokj ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7<br />

1-9 d`f"k vkSj lac) {ks= ds mRiknu <strong>dh</strong> lajpuk ¼izfr'kr½ VhbZ 1990&91 ------------------------------------------------ 8<br />

1-10 d`f"k vkSj lac) {ks= ds mRiknu <strong>dh</strong> lajpuk ¼izfr'kr½ VhbZ 2009&10------------------------------------------------ 8<br />

1-11 dqy ldy iwath fuekZ.k esa d`f"k vkSj lac) {ks= dk izfr'kr va'k------------------------------------------------------- 9<br />

1-<strong>12</strong> thMhih ¼d`f"k½ ds izfr'kr ds :i esa thlh,Q ¼d`f"k½ ----------------------------------------------------------------- 10<br />

1-13 d`f"k vkSj lac) {ks= esa lkoZtfud ,oa futh fuos'k dk va'k ¼%½----------------------------------------------------<br />

1-14 1950&51 ls o"kZ 2008&09 rd ldy Qly {ks=] fuoy cks;k x;k {ks=] fuoy flafpr {ks= vkSj ldy<br />

11<br />

flafpr {ks= esa mrkj&p


S-3/e/Report 20<strong>12</strong>/3973Agr./3973Agr.Contd.<br />

Øe 'kh"kZd i`"B lañ<br />

la[;k<br />

2-7 lYQj <strong>dh</strong> deh n'kkZrs gq, Hkkjr esa thvkbZ,l vk/kkfjr e`nk moZjrk ekufp= ---------------------------------------- 33<br />

2-8 psd MSe] lseyh LVªhe xksaMy rkyqdk] jktdksV ftyk] xqtjkr ij iu/kkjk gkosZfLVax lajpuk --------------------- 36<br />

2-9 lesfdr d`f"k ekSle foKku ijke'khZ lsok ds rgr lg;ksxh laxBu ,oa muds lEidZ ------------------------------ 41<br />

2-10 foinkvksa ds izfr xzkeh.k laosnu'khyrk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 44<br />

3-1 Hkkjr esa moZjdksa <strong>dh</strong> [kir] mRiknu ,oa vk;kr ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 52<br />

3-2 yksdfiz; d`f"k midj.k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 60<br />

3-3 o"kZ 2000&01 vkSj 2009&10 esa laLFkkxr d`f"k _.k ds lzksr------------------------------------------------------------ 64<br />

3-4 o"kZ 2004&05 ls 2011&<strong>12</strong> rd d`f"k _.k dk y{; vkSj miyfC/k ---------------------------------------------------- 66<br />

4-1 eq[; pkoy mRiknd ftys ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72<br />

4-2 eq[; xsgwa mRiknd ftys ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73<br />

4-3 eq[; nygu mRiknd ftys ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75<br />

4-4 de ykxr okyk I;kt Hk.Mkj&egkjk"Vª ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83<br />

4-5 d`f"k rkykc&egkjk"Vª --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83<br />

4-6 VªkUlIykUVj&rfeyukMq ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83<br />

4-7 lqO;ofLFkr d`f"k&dsyk&rfeyukMq --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83<br />

4-8 Hkw&psruk&vjgj ds lkFk eDdk vUr%Qlyu&dukZVd-------------------------------------------------------------------- 85<br />

4-9 izeq[k ckxokuh Qlysa ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 94<br />

4-10 vk/kqfud 'khr J`a[kyk HkaMkj.k] fgekpy izns'k ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 97<br />

4-11 Qyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa dk eaMh vkod --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 100<br />

4-<strong>12</strong> ckxokuh mRikn dk fu;kZr -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 101<br />

4-13 vuktksa vkSj nkyksa <strong>dh</strong> izfr O;fDr miyC/krk --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 102<br />

4-14 vuktksa <strong>dh</strong> izfrO;fDr [kir ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 103<br />

4-15 Qyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa <strong>dh</strong> [kir ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 103<br />

4-16 nw/k <strong>dh</strong> [kir ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 104<br />

5-1 lHkh ftalksa] [kkn~; oLrqvksa] vuktksa vkSj nyguksa esa LQhfr <strong>dh</strong> izo`fRr ------------------------------------------------- 107<br />

5-2 lHkh ftalksa] [kkn~; oLrqvksa] lfCt;ksa vkSj Qyksa esa LQhfr <strong>dh</strong> izo`fRr -------------------------------------------------- 107<br />

5-3 lHkh ftalksa] [kkn~; oLrqvksa] nw/k] vaMs] ekal vkSj eNyh esa LQhfr <strong>dh</strong> izo`fRr ---------------------------------------- 108<br />

5-4 lHkh ftalksa] [kkn~; oLrqvksa phuh vkSj [kkn~; rsy esa LQhfr <strong>dh</strong> izo`fRr ------------------------------------------------ 108<br />

5-5 vkU/kz izns'k esa jk;Fkw cktkj -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 114<br />

5-6 egkjk"Vª esa 'ksrdkjh cktkj -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 115<br />

5-7 fo'ks"k xzkeh.k xksnke --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 117<br />

5-8 Hkkjr dk izeq[k d`f"k fu;kZr------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <strong>12</strong>2<br />

5-9 Hkkjr dk izeq[k d`f"k vk;kr ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ <strong>12</strong>2<br />

vi


S-3/e/Report 20<strong>12</strong>/3973Agr./3973Agr.Contd.<br />

Øe 'kh"kZd i`"B lañ<br />

la[;k<br />

8-1 ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ¼2004&05 ewY;ksa ij½ d`f"k esa izfr'kr o`f) ¼eRL; lfgr½ rFkk [kkn~; izlaLdj.k {ks=---- 179<br />

8-2 iathd`r [kkn~; izlaLdj.k mn~;ksx iwathxr fuos'k---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 181<br />

8-3 iathd`r [kkn~; izlaLdj.k mn~;ksx esa iwath fuos'k ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 181<br />

9-1 fofHkUu d`f"k lax.kukvksa ds vuqlkj lapkyukRed tksrksa <strong>dh</strong> la[;k ----------------------------------------------------- 198<br />

9-2 lapkyukRed tksr {ks=ksa n~okjk fHkUu d`f"k lax.kuk ds o`gr lapkfyr {ks= --------------------------------------------- 198<br />

vii


S-3/e/Report 20<strong>12</strong>/3973Agr./3973Agr.Contd.<br />

ckWDlksa <strong>dh</strong> lwph<br />

Øe<br />

la[;k<br />

'kh"kZd i`"B lañ<br />

2-1 mRrj izns'k dk viuh feV~Vh igpkus vfHk;ku -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23<br />

2-2 xqtjkr esa jkT; ijh{k.k iz;ksx'kkyk;sa ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24<br />

2-3 ikFkZ lkjFkh lfefr ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 36<br />

2-4 vkbZMCY;w,eih dk mís'; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37<br />

2-5 iu/kkjk fodkl ifj;kstuk dk izHkko vkbZlhvkj vkbZ,l,Vh -------------------------------------------------------------- 38<br />

2-6 iu/kkjk ifj;kstuk dk izHkko Vh bZ vkj vkbZ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38<br />

3-1 cht fo/ks;d] 2004--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50<br />

3-2 moZjd ¼fu;a=.k½ vkns'k] 1985 esa ifjorZu --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52<br />

3-3 daI;wVjhd`r vkWuykbZu d`feuk'kh iathdj.k iz.kkyh ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55<br />

3-4 d`feuk'kh fo'ys"k.k iz;ksx'kkykvksa dk izR;k;u------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55<br />

3-5 l[r fofu;ked O;oLFkk--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55<br />

3-6 xgu uk'khtho fuxjkuh vkSj izca/ku -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56<br />

3-7 {kerk fuekZ.k&jk"Vªh; ikni LokLF; izcU/ku laLFkku ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 56<br />

3-8 ikS/k laxjks/k lsokvksa dk mUu;u -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57<br />

4-1 d`f"k deZu iqjLdkj----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70<br />

4-2 iwohZ Hkkjr esa gfjr ØkfUr ykuk -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71<br />

4-3 fjdkWMZ mRiknu ds fy;s nygu mRiknu j.kuhfr ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74<br />

4-4 ,u,Q,l,e <strong>dh</strong> miyfC/k -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 78<br />

4-5 ,e,e, L<strong>dh</strong>e <strong>dh</strong> eq[; fo'ks"krk,a --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 80<br />

4-6 vkjdsohokbZ ds rgr /;ku fn;s x;s {ks= -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82<br />

4-7 Lof.kZe fdj.k ifj;kstuk ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 87<br />

4-8 ,p,e,ubZ,p fe'ku ds ?kVd --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 99<br />

5-1 U;wure leFkZu ewY; --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 111<br />

5-2 fdlkuksa n~okjk izR;{k foi.ku ds izdkj ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 115<br />

5-3 d`f"k e.Mh lwpuk iz.kkyh ¼, ,e vkbZ ,l½--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <strong>12</strong>0<br />

5-4 d`f"k vkmVlksfl±x% Hkkjr ds fy;s laHkkfor volj -------------------------------------------------------------------------- <strong>12</strong>0<br />

6-1 d`f"k uokpkj Hkkjr ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ <strong>12</strong>4<br />

6-2 jk"Vªh; d`f"k uokpkj ifj;kstuk ¼,u,vkbZih½ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <strong>12</strong>5<br />

6-3 tyok;q ds izfr vuqdwy d`f"k ij jk"Vªh; igy ¼,uvkbZlhvkj,½------------------------------------------------------ <strong>12</strong>6<br />

viii


S-3/e/Report 20<strong>12</strong>/3973Agr./3973Agr.Contd.<br />

Øe 'kh"kZd i`"B lañ<br />

la[;k<br />

6-4 tyok;q ifjorZu esa pqukSfr;ka----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <strong>12</strong>7<br />

6-5 fdLeksa esa lQyrk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ <strong>12</strong>8<br />

6-6 vjgj ftukse ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- <strong>12</strong>9<br />

6-7 ;syks jLV jksx------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 133<br />

6-8 nf{k.k ,f'k;k dk cksjykx laLFkku ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 135<br />

6-9 jk"Vªh; d`f"k ck;ks bUQksesfVDl fxzM ¼,u,chth½--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 136<br />

6-10 djuky esa HkSal Dyksfuax ,uMhvkjvkbZ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 144<br />

6-11 jk"Vªh; d`f"k vuqla/kku izcU/ku vdkneh ¼,u,,vkj,e½ ----------------------------------------------------------------- 154<br />

6-<strong>12</strong> vuqla/kku if=dkvksa gsrq [kqyh vf/kxeu uhfr ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 155<br />

6-13 d`f"k esa vk/kkjHkwr j.kuhfrd vkSj vxz.kh vuqiz;ksx vuqla/kku gsrq jk"Vªh; fuf/k --------------------------------------- 156<br />

6-14 jk"Vªh; d`f"k foKku vdkneh ¼,e,,,l½ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 159<br />

6-15 jk"Vªh; d`f"k foKku dsUnz ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 159<br />

8-1 [kkn~; lqj{kk ;kstuk,a laca/kh ?kVd ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 184<br />

8-2 [kkn~; izlaLdj.k {ks= esa ekuo lalk/ku fodkl------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 184<br />

8-3 vkbZvkbZlhihVh <strong>dh</strong> miyfC/k;ka--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 185<br />

8-4 ,u,uihihch <strong>dh</strong> miyfC/k;ka ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 185<br />

8-5 vkbZthihch ds dk;Z vkSj mís'; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 186<br />

9-1 dEI;wVjhd`r vkWuykbZu <strong>dh</strong>Vuk'kd iathdj.k iz.kkyh ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 193<br />

ix


S-3/e/Report 20<strong>12</strong>/3973Agr./3973Agr.Contd.<br />

vuqca/kksa <strong>dh</strong> lwph<br />

Øe la[;k 'kh"kZd i`"B la[;k<br />

1-1 vkfFkZd dk;Zdykiksa }kjk ;kstuk&okj fodkl nj 200<br />

1-2 vkfFkZd dk;Zdykiksa }kjk dqy vFkZO;oLFkk dk ;kstuk&okj va'k 202<br />

1-3 ldy iwath fuekZ.k esa lkoZtfud vkSj futh {ks= dk ;kstukokj o"kZokj fgLlk 204<br />

1-4 ;kstukokj o"kZokj thlh,Q@fuos'k dk izfr'kr va'k ¼2004&05 ds ewY;½ 206<br />

1-5 eq[; Qlyksa ds {ks=] mRiknu vkSj iSnkokj <strong>dh</strong> vf[ky <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; vkSlr fodkl nj 208<br />

1-6 d`f"k ,oa leoxhZ dk;Zdykiksa ds v/khu vyx&vyx lkoZtfud {ks= ds ifjO;;@O;; 209<br />

2-1 Hkw&mi;ksx oxhZdj.k 211<br />

2-2 Hkkjr esa mi;ksx <strong>dh</strong> tkus okyh d`f"k Hkwfe 2<strong>12</strong><br />

3-1 moZjdksa ds laca/k esa iks"kd rRoksa <strong>dh</strong> vf[ky <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; [kir 213<br />

3-2 p;fur ns'kksa esa d`f"k Hkwfe esa izfr gSDVs;j moZjdksa dk miHkksx 214<br />

3-3 Hkkjr esa cht] moZjdksa] <strong>dh</strong>Vuk'kdksa dk mRiknu vkSj [kir 215<br />

3-4 moZjdksa <strong>dh</strong> jkT;okj [kir 217<br />

3-5 moZjdksa <strong>dh</strong> izfr gSDVs;j jkT;okj vuqekfur [kir 219<br />

3-6 izekf.kr@xq.koÙkkijd chtksa dk Qlyokj forj.k 220<br />

3-7 d`f"k ds mís';ksa ds fy;s fo|qr <strong>dh</strong> [kir 222<br />

3-8 2008&2009 esa d`f"k ds mís';ksa ds fy, fo|qr <strong>dh</strong> jkT;okj [kir 223<br />

3-9 fdlku ØsfMV dkMZ vkSj Lohd`r ewY; <strong>dh</strong> jkT;okj la[;k&30 vDrwcj] 2011 rd 224<br />

3-10 d`f"k {ks= ds fy;s lkaLFkkfud _.k ds izokg 225<br />

3-11 jk"Vªh; d`f"k chek ;kstuk ¼,u,vkbZ,l½ 226<br />

4-1 [kk|kUuksa ds {ks= dk vf[ky <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; vuqeku 227<br />

4-2 [kk|kUuksa ds mRiknu dk vf[ky <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; vuqeku 228<br />

4-3 [kk|kUuksa <strong>dh</strong> mit dk vf[ky <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; vuqeku 229<br />

4-4 okf.kfT;d Qlyksa dk {ks= 230<br />

4-5 okf.kfT;d Qlyksa dk mRiknu 231<br />

4-6 okf.kfT;d Qlyksa <strong>dh</strong> mit 232<br />

4-7 ckxokuh Qlyksa dk {ks=] mRiknu ,oa mRikndrk 233<br />

4-8 Hkkjr esa [kk|kUu <strong>dh</strong> dqy izfr O;fDr miyCèrk 234<br />

4-9 ikjEifjd [kk| inkFkks± <strong>dh</strong> izfr O;fDr miyCèrk 235<br />

4-10 mHkjrs gq, [kk| oLrqvksa <strong>dh</strong> izafr O;fDr miyCèrk 236<br />

4-11 miHkksDrk O;; <strong>dh</strong> izfr'kr lajpuk 237<br />

x


S-3/e/Report 20<strong>12</strong>/3973Agr./3973Agr.Contd.<br />

Øe la[;k 'kh"kZd i`"B la[;k<br />

5-1 eq[; d`f"k ftUl lewgksa <strong>dh</strong> Fkksd fcØh ewY; lwph 238<br />

5-2 eq[; d`f"k ftUl lewgksa esa LQhfr nj 238<br />

5-3 U;wure leFkZu ewY; 239<br />

5-4 izeq[k 10 d`f"k fu;kZr ensa 240<br />

5-5 izeq[k 10 d`f"k vk;kr ensa 241<br />

6-1 d`f"k vuqla/kku ,oa f'k{kk foHkkx@Hkkñd`ñvuqñ ifj"kn~ ds laLFkkuksa <strong>dh</strong> lwph 242<br />

6-2 d`f"k fo'ofo|ky;ksa <strong>dh</strong> lwph 244<br />

7-1 vf[ky <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; nw/k] v.Ms vkSj Åu dk mRiknu 246<br />

xi


la{ksi vFkZ<br />

la{ksik{kjksa <strong>dh</strong> lwph<br />

,ñvkbZñ d`f=e lspu<br />

,,,l d`f"k ekSle foKku ijke'khZ lsok,a<br />

,lh, vfrfjDr dsUæh; lgk;rk L<strong>dh</strong>e<br />

,lh,chlh d`f"k&Dyhfud vkSj d`f"k O;kikj dsUæ<br />

,Mhch ,f'k;k fodkl cSad<br />

,MhMCY;wMhvkj,l d`f"k _.k ekQh vkSj _.k jkgr L<strong>dh</strong>e<br />

,,Qlh d`f"k foRr fuxe<br />

,vkbZlh d`f"k chek dEiuh<br />

,vkbZlhohvkbZih vf[ky <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; leUo; lCth fodkl ifj;kstuk<br />

,vkbZvkj vf[ky <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; jsfM;ks<br />

,,y ,Y;wehfu;e<br />

,,eMhih Rofjr eDdk fodkl dk;ZØe<br />

,,e,Q;w,l d`f"k&ekSle [ksr bdkbZ<br />

,,evkbZth,l d`f"k foi.ku volajpuk xzsfMax vkSj eku<strong>dh</strong>dj.k L<strong>dh</strong>e<br />

,,evkbZ,l d`f"k e.Mh lwpuk iz.kkyh<br />

,ih,elh d`f"k mRikn foi.ku lfefr<br />

,vkj;w vksfM;l vuqla/kku bdkbZ<br />

,,lbZ,,u nf{k.k iwoZ ,f'k;k jk"Vªksa dk laxBu<br />

,Vh,e, d`f"k izkSn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong> izca/ku ,tsUlh<br />

chch cSDVhfj;y CykbZV<br />

chlh,e fcfy;u D;wfcd ehVlZ<br />

chthvkjbZvkbZ iwohZ Hkkjr esa gfjr ØkfUr ykuk<br />

chvkbZ,e,lVhbZlh cgq&{ks=h; rduh<strong>dh</strong> vkSj vkfFkZd lg;ksx ds fy, caxky igy<br />

chvkbZ,l, cksjyksx nf{k.k ,f'k;k laLFkku<br />

ch,elh cYd feYd dwyj<br />

chvkjvkbZlh,l czkthy] jf'k;k] Hkkjr] phu ,oa nf{k.k vQzhdk<br />

chVh csflyl Fkwjhutsusfll<br />

chVhVh CykWd izkSn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong> ny<br />

lh, dsfY';e<br />

xii


S-3/e/Report 20<strong>12</strong>/3973Agr./3973Agr.Contd.<br />

la{ksi vFkZ<br />

lh,, ,.M , egkfu;a=d ys[kk vkSj ys[kk ijh{kd<br />

lh,lhih d`f"k ykxr vkSj ewY; vk;ksx<br />

lh,,QVh vfxze ladk; izf'k{k.k dsUæ<br />

lh,thvkj la;qDr okf"kZd fodkl nj<br />

lhMh,ih O;kid ftyk d`f"k ;kstuk<br />

lhbZlh, O;kid vkfFkZd lg;ksx le>kSrk<br />

lhbZih, O;kid vkfFkZd lgHkkfxrk lgefr<br />

lh,Qch dks:xsV QkbZcj ckWDl<br />

lh,QMhvks dsUæh; pkjk fodkl laxBu<br />

lh,Q,lih,Q dsUæh; pkjk cht mRiknu QkeZ<br />

lhth,e,l lkbZVksIyktfed esy LVsjhfyVh<br />

lhvkbZch ,.M vkjlh dsUæh; uk'kdthoekj cksMZ ,oa iathdj.k lfefr<br />

lhvkbZ,y dsUæh; uk'kdthoekj iz;ksx'kkyk<br />

lhvkbZ,e,eokbZVh varjkZ"Vªh; eDdk vkSj xsgwa lq/kkj dsUæ<br />

lhvkbZih,elh dsUæh; lesfdr d`f"k izca/ku dsUæ<br />

lh,eVhih dsUæh; feuh<strong>dh</strong>V izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe<br />

lh,e;w dsUæh; ekuhVju bZdkbZ<br />

lhvksvkjMh&,e dsUæh; laxBukRed vuqla/kku ,oa fodkl izca/ku<br />

lh,llh dsUæh; cht lfefr<br />

lh,lvks dsUæh; lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong>; laxBu<br />

lh,lVh,y dsUæh; cht izf'k{k.k iz;ksx'kkyk<br />

lhoh fofHkUurk dk lgn{krk<br />

lhMCY;wMCY;wth Qly tyok;q okp lewg<br />

Mh,,ih ftyk d`f"k dk;Z ;kstuk<br />

Mh,lh d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx<br />

Mh,,pMh,Q i'kqikyu] Ms;jh ,oa ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> foHkkx<br />

Mh,ih MkbZ veksfu;e QkLQsV<br />

Mh,vkjbZ d`f"k vuqla/kku vkSj foLrkj foHkkx<br />

MhMhih jsfxLrku fodkl dk;ZØe<br />

MhbZMh,l Ms;jh mn~;e'khyrk fodkl L<strong>dh</strong>e<br />

MhbZ,l vkfFkZd ,oa lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong> funs'kky;<br />

xiii


S-3/e/Report 20<strong>12</strong>/3973Agr./3973Agr.Contd.<br />

la{ksi vFkZ<br />

Mh,QD;w,Q dj eqDr vkSj dksVk eqDr<br />

Mhth egkfuns'kd<br />

Mh,p, MksdkslkgSDlkukbV vEy<br />

Mh,ylh ftyk Lrj lfefr;ka<br />

Mhih,ih lw[k izo.k {ks= dk;ZØe<br />

MhihihD;w ,.M ,l ikS/k laj{k.k] laxjks/k ,oa HkaMkj funs'kky;<br />

MhihD;w,l xq.koRrkizn cht dk mRiknu vkSj forj.k gsrq volajpuk lqfo/kk dk fodkl<br />

,oa lqn`


S-3/e/Report 20<strong>12</strong>/3973Agr./3973Agr.Contd.<br />

la{ksi vFkZ<br />

fQax fp=<br />

,Q,yMh vxz.kh izn'kZu<br />

,Q,e QzhDosUlh ekMwys'ku<br />

,Q,eMh QwV vkSj eksFk jksx<br />

,Qihvks d`"kd mRiknd laxBu<br />

,QihVhlh [kkn~; izlaLdj.k izf'k{k.k dsUæ<br />

,QD;wlh,y moZjd xq.koRrk fu;a=.k iz;ksx'kkyk,a<br />

,QVh, eqDr O;kikj lgefr<br />

,QokbZ,e d`f"k ;kMZ [kkn<br />

,QokbZih iapo"khZ; ;kstuk<br />

th,ih vPNh d`f"k iz.kkfy;ka<br />

thlh,Q ldy iwath fuekZ.k<br />

thMhih ldy nslh mRikn<br />

th,pth xzhu gkÅl xSlsa<br />

th,pih vPNh ckxokuh iz.kkfy;ka<br />

thvkbZ,l Hkw oSKkfud lwpuk iz.kkyh<br />

th,e vkuqokaf'kd v'kksf/kr<br />

th,eih vPNh volajpuk iz.kkyh<br />

thih,l Hkw vk/kkfjr iz.kkyh<br />

thvkj ftIle vko';drk<br />

th,lMhih ldy jkT; ns'kh mRikn<br />

thVhtsM teZu rduh<strong>dh</strong> lg;ksx<br />

,plhlhih ,tkMZ fo'ys"k.k vkSj tfVyrk fu;a=.k fcUnq<br />

,p,e,ubZ,p,l iwoksZRrj vkSj fgeky;h jkT;ksa gsrq ckxokuh fe'ku<br />

,pvkjMh ekuo lalk/ku fodkl<br />

,pokbZoh mPp mit fdLeasa<br />

vkbZch,l, Hkkjr] czkthy] nf{k.k vQzhdk<br />

vkbZlh,vkj <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn<br />

vkbZlhvkjvkbZ,l,Vh vYi 'kq"d Vªªksfidy gsrq varjkZ"Vªh; Qly vuqla/kku laLFkku<br />

vkbZlhVh lwpuk vkSj lapkj izkSn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong><br />

vkbZMh, varjkZ"Vªh; fodkl ,tsalh<br />

vkbZMhMCY;wth vUr%&foHkkxh; dk;Z lewg<br />

xv


S-3/e/Report 20<strong>12</strong>/3973Agr./3973Agr.Contd.<br />

la{ksi vFkZ<br />

vkbZ,Q,Mh vUrjkZ"Vªh; d`f"k fodkl fuf/k<br />

vkbZthihch <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; xzsi izfØ;k cksMZ<br />

vkbZvkbZlhihVh <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; Qly izfØ;k izkSn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong> laLFkku<br />

vkbZvkbZihvkj <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; nygu vuqla/kku laLFkku<br />

vkbZvkbZ,l,l <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; e`nk foKku laLFkku<br />

vkbZ,eMh <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; ekSle foKku foHkkx<br />

vkbZih,e lesfdr d`f"k izca/ku<br />

vkbZihihlh varjkZ"Vªh; ikS/k laj{k.k lEesyu<br />

vkbZihvkj ckSf)d vf/kdkj lEink<br />

vkbZvkjvkbZMCY;wvkbZ xsgwa fodkl ds fy, varjkZ"Vªh; vuqla/kku igysa<br />

vkbZ,lvks varjkZ"Vªh; eku<strong>dh</strong>dj.k laxBu<br />

vkbZ,lvksihvks,e lesfdr frygu] nygu] vk;yike vkSj eDdk L<strong>dh</strong>e<br />

vkbZVhMhih ifjogu vkSj fodkl laLFkku uhfr<br />

vkbZohvkj vuqfØ;k ds LFkku ij varfØ;k<br />

vkbZMCY;wMhih lesfdr catj Hkwfe fodkl dk;ZØe<br />

vkbZMCY;w,eih lesfdr iu/kkjk izca/ku dk;ZØe<br />

ts,Q,elh la;qDr ou izca/ku lfefr<br />

tsvkbZlh, tkiku varjkZ"Vªh; lg;ksx ,tsalh<br />

tsvkj,Q twfu;j vuqla/kku Qsyksf'ki<br />

ds iksVsf'k;e<br />

dslhlh fdlku dky dsUæ@fdlku ØsfMV dkMZ<br />

dsñthñ fdyksxzke<br />

,yih, nh?kkZof/kd vkSlr<br />

,yMCY;wvks fVM~Mh lapsruk laxBu<br />

,e,,u,lthbZ jk"Vªh; d`f"k foLrkj izca/ku laLFkku<br />

,e,,l ekWYD;wyj ekdZu lgk;rk pquko<br />

,ech,e ehV&lg&cksu ehy<br />

,ebZvkjvkslhvks,l;wvkj esjdkMks dksewuMsy dksuks lwj@,Øksfue ftldk LiSu esa vFkZ&lkmFkZu<br />

lkekU; e.Mh<br />

,e,Q fefyVªh QkeZ<br />

,e,Qih,l es?kk [kkn~; ikdZ L<strong>dh</strong>e<br />

xvi


S-3/e/Report 20<strong>12</strong>/3973Agr./3973Agr.Contd.<br />

la{ksi vFkZ<br />

,eth eSXuhf';e<br />

,eth,uvkjbZth, jk"Vªh; egkRek xka/kh xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjaVh dk;ZØe<br />

,e,p, fefy;u gSDVs;j<br />

,evkbZih e.Mh gLr{ksi ewY;<br />

,evkbZ,l e.Mh gLr{ksi L<strong>dh</strong>e<br />

,e,e, c`gr d`f"k izca/ku<br />

,e,u,vkbZ,l la'kksf/kr jk"Vªh; d`f"k chek L<strong>dh</strong>e<br />

,evks eksfycMsfu;e<br />

,evks, d`f"k ea=ky;<br />

,evksbZVhVh cgq vksC;wys'ku ,Eczhvks VªkUlQj izkSn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong><br />

,evks,QihvkbZ [kkn~; izlaLdj.k mn~;ksx ea=ky;<br />

,evksih E;wfj;V vkWQ iksVkl<br />

,evkjvkbZ,u e.Mh vuqla/kku lwpuk usVodZ<br />

,evkjih fefJr iqu% Lej.k vof/k<br />

,e,lih U;wure leFkZu ewY;@U;wure eku<strong>dh</strong>dj.k uokpkj<br />

,eVhlh vk/kqfud izf'k{k.k ikB~;Øe<br />

,u ukbVªkstu<br />

,u,,,l jk"Vªh; d`f"k foKku vdkneh<br />

,u,ch,vkjMh jk"Vªh; d`f"k vkSj xzkeh.k fodkl cSad<br />

,u,ch,y ijh{k.k vkSj v'kkadu iz;ksx'kkykvksa ds fy;s jk"Vªh; izR;k;u cksMZ<br />

,u,Mhvkj,l jk"Vªh; i'kq jksx fjiksfV±x iz.kkyh<br />

,u,,QbMh jk"Vªh; d`f"k lgdkjh foi.ku la?k<br />

,u,vkbZ,l jk"Vªh; d`f"k chek ;kstuk<br />

,u,,e, xSj d`f"k e.Mh rd igqap<br />

,u,ihlhlh tyok;q ifjorZu ij jk"Vªh; dk;Z ;kstuk<br />

,u,vkjih jk"Vªh; d`f"k vuqla/kku ifj;kstuk<br />

,uch,l,l,y;wih jk"Vªh; e`nk losZ{k.k vkSj Hkw mi;ksx ;kstuk C;wjks<br />

,ulh,ih jk"Vªh; d`f"k vFkZ vkSj uhfr vuqla/kku dsUæ<br />

,ulhMhlh jk"Vªh; lgdkjh fodkl fuxe<br />

,ulhvkbZih,e jk"Vªh; lesfdr d`f"k izcU/ku dsUæ<br />

,uMhlh jk"Vªh; fodkl ifj"kn~<br />

xvii


S-3/e/Report 20<strong>12</strong>/3973Agr./3973Agr.Contd.<br />

la{ksi vFkZ<br />

,uMhMhch jk"Vªh; Ms;jh fodkl cksMZ<br />

,ubZthih&, jk"Vªh; d`f"k bZ xous±l ;kstuk<br />

,u,Q,l,e jk"Vªh; [kkn~; lqj{kk fe'ku<br />

,u,p,e jk"Vªh; ckxokuh fe'ku<br />

,uvkbZlh jk"Vªh; lwpuk dsUæ<br />

,uvkbZ,QVhbZ,e jk"Vªh; [kkn~; izkSn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong>] mn~;ferk ,oa izcU/ku laLFkku<br />

,uvkbZih,p,e jk"Vªh; ikS/k LokLF; izcU/ku laLFkku<br />

,u,y, jk"Vª Lrjh; ,tsfUl;ka<br />

,u,e,,e jk"Vªh; d`f"k ;a=hdj.k fe'ku<br />

,u,eihihch jk"Vªh; ekal ,oa dqDdqV izlaLdj.k cksMZ<br />

,u,eih,l jk"Vªh; izksVhu vkiwfrZ<br />

,u,e,l, jk"Vªh; lrr d`f"k fe'ku<br />

,uihlhchch jk"Vªh; i'kq vkSj lkaM iztuu ifj;kstuk<br />

,uihvkbZ,y jk"Vªh; uk'kdthoekj fujh{k.k iz;ksx'kkyk<br />

,uih,e,l,p ,.M ,Q jk"Vªh; e`nk LokLF; ,oa moZjd izca/ku ifj;kstuk<br />

,uihihVhvkbZ jk"Vªh; ikS/k laj{k.k izf'k{k.k laLFkku<br />

,uihvkjvkj jk"Vªh; uk'kdthekj ls lacaf/kr HkaMkj<br />

,uih,lMh ubZ cht fodkl uhfr<br />

,uvkjlh jk"Vªh; vuqla/kku dsUæ<br />

,uvkjlhbZ bZD;wuhl ij jk"Vªh; vuqla/kku dsUæ<br />

,u,llh jk"Vªh; cht fuxe<br />

,u,lvkjVhlh jk"Vªh; cht vuqla/kku vkSj izf'k{k.k dsUæ<br />

,u,l,l jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k laxBu<br />

,u,l,lvks vkfFkZd lg;ksx vkSj fodkl ds fy, laxBu<br />

,uVhvkbZ uksMy izf'k{k.k laLFkku<br />

,uMCY;wMhihvkj, o"kkZflafpr {ks= ds fy, jk"Vªh; iu/kkjk fodkl ifj;kstuk<br />

vksbZlhMh vkfFkZd lg;ksx vkSj fodkl ds fy, laxBu<br />

vks,QVh vkWu QkeZ Vªk;y<br />

vksih,bZ vk;yike {ks= foLrkj<br />

vsihMhih vk;yike fodkl dk;ZØe<br />

vksihih frygu fodkl dk;ZØe<br />

xviii


S-3/e/Report 20<strong>12</strong>/3973Agr./3973Agr.Contd.<br />

la{ksi vFkZ<br />

vksVh,l ,d LFkk;h O;oLFkk<br />

ih QkLQksjl<br />

ih,lh,l izkFkfed d`f"k _.k lkslkbZVh<br />

ihlhvkj ikyhesjhu Ja`[kyk vfHkfØ;k<br />

ihMh,l lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh<br />

ih,QMhlh lqO;ofLFkr d`f"k fodkl dsUæ<br />

ihth LukrdksRrj<br />

ih,p,e dVkbZ i'pkr izca/ku<br />

ih,pVh,e dVkbZ i'pkr~ izca/ku vkSj izca/ku<br />

ihds,l ikyhdsjVkbZM flUFkst<br />

ih,eVh ifj;kstuk izca/ku ny<br />

ihihih lkoZtfud futh lgHkkfxrk<br />

ihihvkj isLV Msl isVhVl lehusUVl<br />

ihihoh ,.M ,Qvkj ikS/k fdLeksa vkSj fdlku vf/kdkjksa dk laj{k.k<br />

ihD;w,l ikS/k laxjks/k dsUæ<br />

ih,llh ikni LoPNrk izek.k i=<br />

ih,l,l ewY; leFkZu L<strong>dh</strong>e<br />

ihVh, izhQsUlh;y O;kikj djkj<br />

ih;w,Q, ikY;wlspqjsVsM QSVh vEy<br />

D;wVh,y ek=kRed VsªV ykslh<br />

vkj ,.M Mh vuqla/kku vkSj fodkl<br />

vkj,Mhih o"kkZflafpr {ks= fodkl dk;ZØe<br />

vkjch,p xzkeh.k O;kikj gc<br />

vkjlh iathdj.k lfefr<br />

vkjMhvkbZ,e,l vkjdsohokbZ MkVkcsl vkSj izca/ku lwpuk iz.kkyh<br />

vkjvkbZMh,Q xzkeh.k volajpuk fodkl fuf/k<br />

vkjdsohokbZ jk"Vªh; d`f"k fodkl ;kstuk<br />

vkjihD;w,l {ks=h; ikS/k laxjks/k LVs'ku<br />

vkjihVh,y {ks=h; uk'kdthoekj izf'k{k.k iz;ksx'kkyk<br />

vkjvkjch {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSad<br />

vkj,l,Qih ,.M Mh Qksjst mRiknu vkSj izn'kZu ds fy, {ks=h; dsUæ<br />

xix


S-3/e/Report 20<strong>12</strong>/3973Agr./3973Agr.Contd.<br />

la{ksi vFkZ<br />

vkjVhihlhvkj rr~dky vkSj fj;yVkbZe iksyhejst Ja`[kyk vfHkfØ;k<br />

vkohih ,.M ,Qihvkj unh ?kkVh ifj;kstuk ,oa ck


S-3/e/Report 20<strong>12</strong>/3973Agr./3973Agr.Contd.<br />

la{ksi vFkZ<br />

Vh,evks frygu ij izkSn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong> fe'ku<br />

Vh,u rfey ukMq<br />

VhihMh,l yf{kr lkoZtfud forj.k ;kstuk<br />

VhohbZ 'kgj vkSj xkao mn~;e<br />

;wth voj&Lukrd<br />

;w,ubZ,llh,ih ,f'k;k vkSj iz'kkar egkn~ohi ds fy, la;qDr jkT; vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd<br />

vk;ksx<br />

;wih mRrj izns'k<br />

;wvkjih lle; iquLej.k vof/k<br />

;wVh la?k jkT; {ks=<br />

oh,Vh ewY; of/kZr VSDl<br />

MCY;wch if'pe caxky<br />

MCY;wchlhvkbZ,l ekSle vk/kkfjr Qly chek ;kstuk<br />

MCY;wMhih iu/kkjk fodkl dk;ZØe<br />

MCY;wMhih,llh, >we d`f"k {ks= esa iu/kkjk fodkl<br />

MCY;w,Qih fo'o [kkn~; dk;ZØe<br />

MCY;w,pvks fo'o LokLF; laxBu<br />

MCY;wihvkbZ Fkksd ewY; ifjf'k"V<br />

MCY;wVhvks fo'o O;kikj laxBu<br />

,DlMhvkj fo'ks"k vkgj.k vf/kdkj<br />

xxi


v/;k;&1<br />

<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k% izn'kZu ,oa pqukSfr;ka<br />

1-1 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; vFkZO;oLFkk esa d`f"k ,d egRoiw.kZ {ks= gSA gkykafd ns'k <strong>dh</strong> lexz ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ¼thMhih½ esa bldk<br />

;ksxnku o"kZ 1990&91 esa yxHkx 30 izfr'kr ls ?kVdj o"kZ 2011&<strong>12</strong> esa 15 izfr'kr ls Hkh de gks x;k gS] ,d ,slk #[k tks<br />

fdlh Hkh vFkZO;oLFkk <strong>dh</strong> fodkl izfØ;k esa izR;kf'kr gS] fQj Hkh d`f"k vHkh Hkh fodkl dk eq[; vk/kkj gSA ,d lkekU;<br />

<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; vkt Hkh vius O;; dk yxHkx vk/kk [kkn~; inkFkks± ij O;; djrk gS tcfd Hkkjr ds dk;Z cy dk yxHkx vk/kk Hkkx<br />

viuh vkthfodk gsrq vkt Hkh d`f"k {ks= esa yxk gqvk gSA fuEu vk; oxZ] xjhc vkSj lekt ds laosnu'khy rcds ds vf/kdka'k<br />

Hkkx ds fy, vkthfodk dk eq[; lzksr vkSj [kkn~; lqj{kk nksuksa gksus ds pyrs bldk izn'kZu izLrkfor jk"Vªh; [kkn~; lqj{kk<br />

fo/ks;d vkSj tkjh egkRek xka/kh jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjUVh vf/kfu;e ¼,eth,uvkjbZth,½ L<strong>dh</strong>e ds n`f"Vxr vkSj vf/kd<br />

egRo j[krk gSA ^fczDl* ns'kksa dk vuqHko ;g n'kkZrk gS fd d`f"k {ks= esa ,d izfr'kr <strong>dh</strong> o`f) xSj d`f"k {ks=ksa esa gksus okyh<br />

leku o`f) <strong>dh</strong> rqyuk esa xjhch dks de djus esa nks&rhu xquk vf/kd izHkkoh gSA ;g ekurs gq, fd Hkkjr esa vkt Hkh fo'o esa<br />

lcls T;knk xjhc ,oa dqiksf"kr yksx gSa] lexz o`f) ds lkFk&lkFk d`f"k {ks= dks mPp izkFkfedrk ds xjhch vkSj dqiks"k.k dks<br />

de djus dk y{; izkIr fd;k tk ldsxkA d`f"k] dbZ d`f"k vk/kkfjr m|ksxksa ,oa d`f"k lsokvksa ds lalk/ku vk/kkj rS;kj djrh<br />

gSa vr% d`f"k dks dsoy d`f"k ds :i esa u ns[krs gq,] lexz ewY; J`a[kyk] ftlesa d`f"k] Fkksd O;kikj] Hkk.Mkxkj O;oLFkk ¼laHkkj<br />

ra= lfgr½] izkslsflax vkSj [kqnjk O;kikj 'kkfey gSa] ds :i esa ns[kuk O;kogkfjd gksxkA blds vykok] ;g Hkh uksV fd;k tk;s<br />

fd fiNyh nks iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa esa ;g Li"V :i ls mYys[k fd;k x;k gS fd 9 izfr'kr ij vFkZO;oLFkk <strong>dh</strong> o`f) ds fy,<br />

;g egRoiw.kZ gS fd d`f"k de ls de 4 izfr'kr <strong>dh</strong> nj ij o`f) djsA<br />

1-2 ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ¼thMhih½ esa 8&9 izfr'kr <strong>dh</strong> o`f) nj xjhch dks de djus ds lanHkZ esa vf/kd ;ksxnku ugha dj<br />

ldrh gS tc rd fd d`f"k o`f) esa rsth ugha vkrhA blds lkFk gh ^^lexzrk ds lkFk fodkl** rHkh gks ldrk gS tc d`f"k<br />

fodkl rst gks ,oa ns'k ds lHkh {ks=ksa vkSj ykxksa ds e/; ;g o`gr~ :i ls lk>k gksA ;s lHkh ?kVd dsoy ,d ckr <strong>dh</strong> vksj<br />

b'kkjk djrs gSa fd d`f"k dks fdlh Hkh lq/kkj dk;ZØe vFkok fu;kstu izfØ;k ds dsanz esa j[kuk gksxk rkfd xjhch ,oa dqiks"k.k<br />

esa lkFkZd deh <strong>dh</strong> tk lds ,oa gekjs ykxksa gsrq nh?kkZof/kd [kkn~; lqj{kk lqfuf'pr <strong>dh</strong> tk ldsA<br />

1-3 bl v/;k; esa laf{kIr :i esa fiNys nks n'kdksa ds nkSjku] d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong> ,oa izn'kZu <strong>dh</strong> leh{kk <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gS vkSj Rofjr<br />

o`f)] lexzrk ds gekjs mís';ksa dks ns[krs gq, vkSj xjhch ,oa Hkw[k dks de djus ds fy, vkxs <strong>dh</strong> j.kuhfr D;k gks ldrh gS]<br />

dks Hkh izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA<br />

<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> lajpuk ,oa lajpukRed :ikUrj.k<br />

1-4 Hkkjr esa d`f"k esa ijaijkxr d`f"k vFkZO;oLFkk ls lsok vk/kkfjr vFkZO;oLFkk esa ifjorZu dk ladsr nsrs gq, thMhih<br />

esa fgLlk 1990&91 esa 30 izfr'kr ls ?kVdj o"kZ 2010&11 esa 14-5 izfr'kr ds :i esa egRoiw.kZ lajpukRed ifjorZu<br />

gq, gSa ¼fp= 1-1½A thMhih esa d`f"k ds ;ksxnku esa bl deh ds ln`'k deh jkstxkj esa d`f"k ds fgLls esa ugh gqbZ gSA<br />

dqy dk;Zcy dk yxHkx 52 izfr'kr vc Hkh QkeZ {ks= esa yxk gS tks vkthfodk gsrq d`f"k ij fuHkZj <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; tula[;k<br />

ds vk/ks ls vf/kd gS ¼,u,l,l 66oka nkSj½A rFkkfi] xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk esa xSj d`f"k dk;Zdykiksa ls vk; esa fgLlk<br />

Hkh c


2 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

lzksr% lh,lvks<br />

vkd`fr 1-1% vkfFkZd dk;Zdyki ds vuqlkj ldy ?kjsyw mRikn <strong>dh</strong> lajpuk<br />

d`f"k ,oa lac) m|ksx lsok,sa<br />

1-5 Hkkjr esa izpkyukRed tksrksa dk vkSlr vkdkj o"kZ 1970&71 esa 2-28 gSñ ls Øfed :i ls ?kVdj o"kZ 1990&91 esa 1-55 gSñ<br />

,oa o"kZ 2005&06 esa 1-23 gSñ gks x;k gS ¼fp= 1-2½A d`f"k lax.kuk 2005&06 ds vuqlkj lhekar tksr ¼1 gSñ ls de {ks=½ dk Hkkx<br />

1995&96 esa 61-6 izfr'kr ls c


<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k% izn'kZu ,oa pqukSfr;ka 3<br />

1-7 izpkyukRed tksrksa ds fo[k.Mu us vf/kdka'k jkT;ksa esa d`f"k fijkfeM ds vk/kkj dks foLr`r fd;k gSA gkykafd vuqHkfod v/;;u<br />

;g n'kkZrs gSa fd d`f"k mRikndrk ij vkdkj dk izHkko ugha gksrkA mRikndrk dks fu/kkZfjr djus okys dkjdksa esa vU; ds vykok<br />

vk/kqfud vknkuksa rd vklku ,oa fo'oluh; igqap] fof'k"V vko';drkvksa gsrq cukbZ xbZ mfpr izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> rd igqap] lgk;d<br />

volajpuk ,oa uokpkjh foi.ku i)fr;ksa <strong>dh</strong> mi<strong>fLFkfr</strong> rkfd bl izdkj <strong>dh</strong> NksVh tksrksa ls n{k ,oa izHkkoh :i ls mRiknu dks ,df=r<br />

djus vkSj foif.kr fd;k tk lds] vkfn 'kkfey gSaA d`f"k izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> esa] chVh dikl ,oa eDdk ds ekeyksa <strong>dh</strong> rjg mPp mit nsus<br />

okyh fdLeksa dk mi;ksx] vknku mi;ksx esa ferO;;rk] xq.koÙkkizn chtksa <strong>dh</strong> miyC/krk vkSj vUrr% foi.ku laidks± ds lkFk pkoy<br />

xguhdj.k tSlh [ksrh izkS|ksfxfd;ksa ls mRikndrk c


4 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

1-10 ldy vFkZO;oLFkk <strong>dh</strong> o`f) #[k vkSj d`f"k ,oa lac) {ks=ksa ds o`f) #[k ds chp c


<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k% izn'kZu ,oa pqukSfr;ka 5<br />

fcgkj<br />

vkd`fr 1-5% d`f"k rFkk lac) {ks= ls ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn <strong>dh</strong> vkSlr okf"kZd o`f) nj ¼%½]<br />

1994&95 ls 1999&2000<br />

fVIi.kh% th,lMhih vuqeku 1993&94 ewY; ij gSaA<br />

lzksr% lh,lvks<br />

jktLFkku<br />

jktLFkku<br />

xqtjkr<br />

>kj[kaM<br />

if'pe caxky<br />

dukZVd<br />

mÙkj izns'k<br />

fp= 1-6% d`f"k rFkk lac) {ks= ls ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn <strong>dh</strong> vkSlr okf"kZd o`f) nj ¼%½]<br />

2000&01 ls 2008&09<br />

xqtjkr<br />

fcgkj<br />

pMhx


6 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

1-13 d`f"k Qlyksa ds mRiknu esa o`f) {ks= ,oa mit ij fuHkZj djrh gSA {ks= esa foLrkj <strong>dh</strong> lhfer laHkkouk dks ns[krs gq, o`f) ds<br />

nh?kkZof/kd ifj.kke dk eq[; lzksr mit esa lq/kkj djrk gSA nks vof/k;ksa 1990&91 ls 1999&2000 vkSj 2000&01 ls 2010&11 gsrq<br />

fofHkUu Qlyksa ds {ks=] mRiknu vkSj mit <strong>dh</strong> vkSlr okf"kZd o`f) njksa esa rqyukRed <strong>fLFkfr</strong> lkj.kh 1-1 esa nh xbZ gSA xsgwa ds ekeys esa<br />

o"kZ 2000&01 ls 2010&11 ds nkSjku {ks= ,oa mit esa o`f)( lhekar jgh tks n'kkZrk gS fd bl Qly esa mit Lrj vf/kdre gS vkSj<br />

mRiknu ,oa mRikndrk dks c


<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k% izn'kZu ,oa pqukSfr;ka 7<br />

feñ Vu@feñ gSñ<br />

{ks=<br />

mRiknu<br />

mit<br />

chñVhñ dikl<br />

<strong>dh</strong> [ksrh dk<br />

vkjaEHk<br />

lzksr% vFkZ ,oa lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong> funs'kky;] d`f"k ea=ky;<br />

vkd`fr 1-8 dikl dk {ks=] mRiknu vkSj iSnkokj<br />

lkj.kh 1-1 izeq[k Qlyksa ds {ks= mRiknu vkSj iSnkokj ds vf[ky <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; vkSlr okf"kZZd o`f) nj ¼izfr'kr½<br />

Qly@Qly lewg 1990&91 ls 1999&2000 2000&01 ls 2010&11¹<br />

{ks= mRiknu mit {ks= mRiknu mit<br />

pkoy 0.70 2.09 1.36 -0.39 1.32 1.47<br />

xsgwa 1.62 4.52 2.87 0.57 1.39 0.73<br />

eDdk 0.85 2.24 1.37 2.68 7.<strong>12</strong> 4.13<br />

eksVs vukt -2.42 -0.08 2.03 -0.13 5.0 4.64<br />

dqy vukt -0.<strong>12</strong> 2.29 2.38 -0.09 1.82 1.69<br />

puk 0.88 3.86 2.97 4.31 6.39 1.19<br />

rwj -0.45 1.89 2.03 2.58 1.89 -0.65<br />

dqy nygu -0.91 1.06 1.82 2.30 4.02 1.21<br />

dqy [kk|kUu -0.27 2.19 2.43 0.34 1.95 1.37<br />

ewaxQyh -2.25 -2.40 -0.30 -1.08 13.13 <strong>12</strong>.76<br />

vkj ,.M ,e 2.28 4.82 2.96 2.76 6.26 2.72<br />

lks;kchu 11.01 16.37 4.67 4.15 8.31 4.17<br />

frgyu 0.75 2.53 1.76 1.27 7.00 5.18<br />

xUuk 2.25 3.16 0.91 1.95 2.<strong>12</strong> 0.03<br />

dikl 1.42 0.93 -0.54 2.66 <strong>12</strong>.<strong>12</strong> 9.15<br />

fVIi.kh% ,% {ks= ih% mRiknu] okbZ% mit<br />

lzksr% vFkZ ,oa lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong> funs'kky;] d`f"k ea=ky;<br />

fdñ xzkñ@gSñ


8 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

1-16 d`f"k ds ltZu esa lajpukRed ifjorZu ls 1990 ds n'kd ds <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k dk ckxokuh] i'kq/ku vkSj ekfRl;<strong>dh</strong> vkfn esa<br />

fofo/khdj.k gqvk gS tksfd dqN cM+h pqukSfr;ksa vkSj vlhfer voljksa ds lkFk ,d egRoiw.kZ dk;Zdyki gSA d`f"k ,oa lac) {ks= ds<br />

dqy mRiknu esa i'kq/ku dk va'k o"kZ 1990&91 dks lekIr rhu o"kZ <strong>dh</strong> vof/k ¼VhñbZñ½ esa 20 izfr'kr ls c


<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k% izn'kZu ,oa pqukSfr;ka 9<br />

lzksr% lh,lvks<br />

fVIIk.kh% lHkh vkadM+s 2004&05 ewY;ksa ij gSaA<br />

vkd`fr 1-11% dqy ldy iwath fuekZ.k esa d`f"k vkSj lac) {ks= dk izfr'kr fgLlk<br />

1-19 d`f"k o`f) ds lapkydksa esa eq[; lwpd d`f"k&thMhih ds izfr'kr ds :i esa d`f"k esa thlh,Q gSA ;g lwpd] d`f"k&thMhih<br />

ds izfr'kr ds :i esa d`f"k ,oa lac) {ks= esa thlh,Q] igyh ;kstuk ¼1951&56½ ds nkSjku 7-0 izfr'kr ls c


10 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

fVIi.kh% lHkh vkadM+s 2004&05 ewY;ksa ij gSaA<br />

lzksr% lh,lvks<br />

vkd`fr 1-<strong>12</strong>% thMhih ¼d`f"k½ ds izfr'kr ds :i esa thlh,Q ¼d`f"k½<br />

1-20 d`f"k&thMhih ds izfr'kr ds :i esa gkykafd thlh,Q esa dkQh lq/kkj gqvk gS ysfdu d`f"k {ks= <strong>dh</strong> o`f) nj esa vkuqikfrd<br />

lq/kkj ugha gqvkA ,d nwljk igyw tks d`f"k fodkl dks izHkkfor djrk gS og jktlgk;rk ls lacaf/kr gSA bu lHkh vknku jktlgk;rkvksa<br />

esa lcls vR;f/kd moZjd jktlgk;rk gS vkSj bl ckr ds Li"V ladsr gSa fd blds pyrs iatkc vkSj gfj;k.kk tSls jkT;ksa esa ,u] ih vkSj<br />

ds dk vlaarqfyr mi;ksx gqvk gS vkSj blls e`nk <strong>fLFkfr</strong> esa fod`fr vkbZA jktlgk;rkvksa ij O;; d`f"k vuqla/kku] flapkbZ] xzkeh.k lM+dksa<br />

,oa ÅtkZ ds {ks= esa lkoZtfud fuos'k ls vf/kd gSA jktlgk;rk ds izko/kku ij vkSj vf/kd tksj nsus ds dkj.k de lkoZtfud fuos'k]<br />

vckf/kr ÅtkZ vkiwfrZ lkoZtfud lsok <strong>dh</strong> xq.koÙkk dks vkSj vf/kd fod`r djsxk] dqYk ekeyksa esa Mhty tsujsfVax lsVksa esa futh fuos'k<br />

tSlh esØksbdksukWfed v{kerk 'kkfey gSA blds QyLo:i [kjkc forj.k ,oa j[kj[kko ds dkj.k ÅtkZ {kerk ds mi;ksx esa deh<br />

vk;sxhA<br />

1-21 dqN vuqla/kku v/;;u miyC/k gSa tks ;g n'kkZrs gSa fd xjhch mUewyu vFkok d`f"k o`f) dks c


<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k% izn'kZu ,oa pqukSfr;ka 11<br />

vkd`fr 1-13% d`f"k ,oa lac) {ks=ksa esa lkoZtfud ,oa futh fuos'k dk va'k ¼izfr'kr½<br />

lzksr% vFkZ ,oa lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong> funs'kky;] d`f"k ea=ky; vkSj lh,lvks<br />

1-22 ;g uksV fd;k tk, fd ;|fi d`f"k esa lkoZtfud fuos'k cgqr egRoiw.kZ gS] okLro esa ;g d`f"k esa dqy fuos'k dk<br />

yxHkx 20 izfr'kr gS( 80 izfr'kr futh {ks= ls izkIr gksrk gS ¼fp= 1-13½A mnkgj.k ds fy,] 1980 ds n'kd <strong>dh</strong> 'kq#vkr esa<br />

d`f"k esa ldy iwath fuekZ.k esa lkoZtfud {ks= vkSj futh {ks= ¼?kjsyw {ks= lfgr½ dk va'k yxHkx cjkcj Fkk] ysfdu o"kZ 2000<br />

ds n'kd <strong>dh</strong> 'kq#vkr esa futh {ks= dk va'k o"kZ 2004&05 ds ewY;ksa ij lkoZtfud {ks= ds va'k ls pkj xquk vf/kd FkkA blds<br />

vykok] futh {ks= d`f"k esa izksRlkgu lajpuk ds izfr csgrj vkSj rst xfr ls izfrfØ;k n'kkZrk gSA vr% d`f"k esa vkSj vf/kd<br />

lkoZtfud fuos'k dks c


<strong>12</strong> <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

vkd`fr 1-14% 1950&51 ls o"kZ 2008&09 rd ldy Qly {ks=] fuoy cks;k x;k {ks=] fuoy flafpr {ks= vkSj<br />

ldy flafpr {ks= esa mrkj&p


<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k% izn'kZu ,oa pqukSfr;ka 13<br />

lzksr% vFkZ ,oa lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong> funs'kky;] Mh,lh<br />

vkd`fr 1-15 2008&09 esa jkT;okj flapkbZ dojst ¼izfr'kr½<br />

UTTARAKHAND<br />

1-26 ;|fi iatkc ¼98½] gfj;k.kk ¼85½] mÙkj izns'k ¼76½] fcgkj ¼61½] rfeyukMq ¼58½ vkSj if'pe caxky ¼56½ esa flapkbZ<br />

ds v/khu vk/ks ls Hkh vf/kd Qly {ks= gS] vksfM'kk] jktLFkku] e/; izns'k] dukZVd] NÙkhlx


14 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

1-27 dqy cks, x;s {ks= flapkbZ <strong>dh</strong> ek=k vkSj Qly xgurk ¼fp= 1-17½ ds fo'ys"k.k ls irk pyrk gS fd mÙkj izns'k] fcgkj]<br />

vka/kz izns'k vkSj rfeyukMq jkT;ksa esa viuh Qly xgurk dks c


<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k% izn'kZu ,oa pqukSfr;ka 15<br />

vk/kkjh chtksa dk mRiknu] yk[k fDoaVy<br />

lzksr% vFkZ ,oa lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong> funs'kky;] Mh,lh<br />

vkd`fr 1-18% Hkkjr esa chtksa dk mRiknu vkSj forj.k<br />

izekf.kr@xq.koÙkk chtksa dk forj.k yk[k fDoaVy<br />

1-29 d`f"k o`f) esa moZjd ,d vU; egRoiw.kZ vknku gSA gkykafd moZjdksa dk lexz miHkksx o"kZ 1991&92 ds 70 fdxzkñ@gSñ ls<br />

c


16 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

vkd`fr 1-20 o"kZ 2000&01 vkSj 2010&11 ds nkSjku dqy moZjd miHkksx esa ukbVªkstu] QkWLQsfVd vkSj iksVkf'kd<br />

moZjdksa dk va'k<br />

QkLQsV ;qDr<br />

¼ih½<br />

29%<br />

1-30 d`f"k izpkyuksa gsrq vk/kqfud vknku [kjhnus ds fy, _.k izkfIr bl ifjorZu esa lgk;d gSA tcfd d`f"k esa lexz _.k<br />

izokg yxHkx fiNys 5 o"kks± ds nkSjku yxkrkj c


<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k% izn'kZu ,oa pqukSfr;ka 17<br />

lzksr% lh,lvks] Mh th vkbZ ,.M ,l<br />

vkd`fr 1-21% d`f"k ftUlksa ds O;kikj dk #[k<br />

1-33 LFkkuh; eafM;ksa dks jk"Vªh; vkSj oSf'od eafM;ksa ls tksM+us ds fy, ?kjsyw eafM;ksa dks O;ofLFkr djus vkSj volajpuk vkSj<br />

laLFkkvksa dk fodkl djus ds fy, lq/kkj dk;Zdykiksa ls <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; izfrLi/kkZRedrk esa nh?kZdkfyd lq/kkj gksxk vkSj blds lkFk gh O;kikj<br />

mnkjhdj.k dk ykHk Hkh feysxkA<br />

<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k esa lkoZtfud&futh Hkkxhnkjh<br />

1-34 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k esa futh {ks= dks gky gh esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA ;g chVh dikl] eDdk esa gkbfczM cht izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> tSls {ks=ksa<br />

esa ubZ izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> dks 'kkfey djuk] i'porhZ {ks=ksa esa xzkeh.k O;kikj@lfoZl gCl ¼vkjch,p½ dk lesdu djds NksVs tksr/kkjdksa dks<br />

eq[; /kkjk esa ykuk vkSj vxz.kh {ks= esa d`f"k izlaLdj.k m|ksx vkSj laxfBr [kqnjk O;kikj dks eq[; /kkjk esa ykus tSlh igyksa ls Li"V gksrk<br />

gSA chVh dikl] gkbfczM eDdk] iwlk cklerh pkoy vkfn tSls lQy mnkgj.kksa ls irk pyrk gS fd futh {ks= fdlku lewgksa ,oa bl<br />

izdkj ds lewgksa ds lkFk lkoZtfud {ks= <strong>dh</strong> Hkkxhnkjh ls ykHkdkjh ifj.kke izkIr gksrs gSaA ljdkj dks ,d leUo;d] lqfo/kk iznkudrkZ<br />

vkSj ,d fofu;ked ds :i esa lfØ; Hkwfedk fuHkkuh gksrh gSA lM+d] ugj] iu/kkjk] psd MSe vkfn tSlh vk/kkjHkwr volajpuk esa<br />

fuos'k dks c


18 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

¼mnkgj.kkukFkZ—xsgwa vkSj pkoy ij fu;kZr izfrca/k vFkok futh O;kikfj;ksa ij vukt ds Hk.Mkj.k <strong>dh</strong> lhek r; fd;k tkuk ftuls<br />

futh {ks= ds O;kikjh d`f"k {ks= esa fuos'k djus ls grksRlkfgr gq, gSa½A gkykafd orZeku esa d`f"k eaMh esa ljdkj dk eq[; gLr{ksi d`f"k<br />

ftUlksa gsrq U;wure leFkZu ewY; ¼,e,lih½ <strong>dh</strong> uhfr gSA ckxokuh mRiknksa] tksfd 'kh?kz [kjkc gksus okyh izd`fr ds gSa vkSj ewY; leFkZu<br />

L<strong>dh</strong>e ds rgr doj ugha gSa] ds izki.k ds fy,] bu mRiknksa dks mxkus okys fdlkuksa ds fgrksa <strong>dh</strong> j{kk djus ds fy, rkfd Qly<br />

fudyus ds nkSjku cgqr vf/kd Qly mRiknu gksus <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong> esa tc ewY; mRiknu <strong>dh</strong> bdksukWfed dkWLV ls uhps pys tkrs gSa] budks<br />

etcwjh esa <strong>dh</strong> tkus okyh fcØh ls cpk;k tk lds] rc ml jkT;@dsanz 'kkflr izns'k ds vuqjks/k ij eaMh gLr{ksi L<strong>dh</strong>e ¼,evkbZ,l½<br />

dk dk;kZUo;u fd;k tkrk gS] tks 50 izfr'kr gkfu ¼iwoksZÙkj jkT;ksa ds ekeys esa 25 izfr'kr½ dks ogu djus ds fy, rS;kj gks] ;fn dksbZ<br />

bl L<strong>dh</strong>e ds dk;kZUo;u esa gksrh gSA<br />

foi.ku vkSj Hkk.Mkxkj lqfo/kk,a<br />

1-37 [kk|kUu uhfr ds laca/k esa gekjs [kk|kUu Hk.Mkjksa esa cM+s [kk|kUu LVkWd gksus vkSj mPp [kk| eqnzkLQhfr ds ,d lkFk vkus ls<br />

fpark,a c


<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k% izn'kZu ,oa pqukSfr;ka 19<br />

1-40 [kk| ,oa iks"k.k lqj{kk <strong>dh</strong> izkfIr vkSj xjhch mUewyu vkSj csjkstxkjh dks lrr~ :i ls gVkuk izkd`frd lalk/kuksa ¼Hkwfe@e`nk] ty]<br />

d`f"k&tSo fofo/krk vkSj tyok;q½ ds n{k vkSj foosdiw.kZ mi;ksx ij fuHkZj djrk gSA Hkwfe] ty] ÅtkZ vkSj d`f"k jlk;uksa tSls mRiknd<br />

lalk/kuksa ds xSj&n{krkiw.kZ mi;ksx vkSj dqizca/ku us e`nk <strong>dh</strong> moZjrk dks cqjh rjg ?kVk;k gS vkSj blds HkkSfrd] jklk;fud vkSj tSfod<br />

xq.kksa dks [kafMr fd;k gSA d`f"k gsrq miyC/k Hkwfe <strong>dh</strong> lhek lekIr gks xbZ gSA gekjs n~okjk yxkrkj vfoosdiw.kZ mi;ksx ls bu<br />

xSjuohdj.kh; izkd`frd lzksrksa dk xaHkhj izHkko iM+ ldrk gSA<br />

1-41 ijaijkxr [ksrh ls mPp ewY; d`f"k esa ifjorZu izkFkfed :i ls futh fuos'k }kjk lapkfyr gksxk tks d`f"k esa dqy fuos'k dk rhu<br />

pkSFkkbZ gSA gkykafd blds lqpk: vkSj rst xfr ls gksus <strong>dh</strong> lqfuf'prrk ds fy, ljdkj <strong>dh</strong> uhfr dks vuqla/kku ,oa fodkl] lM+dksa vkSj<br />

lkoZtfud flapkbZ esa vkSj vf/kd fuos'k miyC/k djkdj ,d mRizsjd ds :i esa dke djus <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA<br />

1-42 rhu egRoiw.kZ ?kVdksa % ¼d½ Hkkjr dk rqyukRed ykHk( ¼[k½ ?kjsyw Lrj ij ,d izHkkoh cktkj vkSj Lora= O;kikj( vkSj ¼x½<br />

i;kZoj.kh; lrrrk esa vo'; gh d`f"k ds fy, ,d j.kuhfrd n`f"Vdks.k fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA d`f"k {ks= esa foi.ku ls fuos'k vkSj laLFkkxr<br />

ifjorZu] fo'ks"kr% ty izca/ku esa] ubZ izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong>] Hkwfe cktkj vkSj n{k ewY; J`a[kykvksa ds l`tu esa cM+s lq/kkjksa <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA<br />

1-43 vkxs ds v/;k;ksa esa izR;sd ?kVd vkSj d`f"k ds fofHkUu dk;ZØeksa esa <strong>dh</strong> xbZ izxfr vkSj vkxs <strong>dh</strong> j.kuhfr ds C;kSjs fn, x, gSaA


Hkw&mi;ksx<br />

v/;k; 2<br />

izkd`frd lalk/ku izca/ku<br />

2-1 tula[;k ds ncko] vkfFkZd 'kfDr;ka] i'kq/ku ncko vkSj vkSipkfjd vFkok vukSipkfjd :i ls Hkw&mi;ksx dks<br />

fofu;fer djus okyh fofHkUu izdkj <strong>dh</strong> laLFkkvksa ds detksj iM+us ls gky gh esa o"kks± ds Hkkjr esa Hkw&mi;ksx esa ifjorZu rst<br />

gq, gSaA izkd`frd dkj.kksa ls Hkh Hkw&mi;ksx izfreku esa dqN ifjorZu gq, gSaA ,d lqfopkfjr ;kstuk ,oa uhfr ds vHkko esa] Hkwfe<br />

ds vfoosdiw.kZ mi;ksx esa dbZ tfVyrk,a gSa tks blds lrr~ ,oa b"Vre mi;ksx dk vfrØe.k djrh gSa ,oa ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i<br />

vkfFkZd] lkekftd] i;kZoj.k ,oa lkSUn;Z jfgr vO;ofLFkr fodkl gksxkA<br />

2-2 fofHkUu izdkj ds mi;ksx ds vk/kkj ij Hkw&mi;ksx oxhZdj.k ;g n'kkZrk gS fd ns'k esa dqy 328-73 feñ gSñ Hkwfe esa ls<br />

Hkwfe mi;ksx gsrq {ks= 306 feñ gSñ lwfpr fd;k x;k gSA blesa 141 feñ gSñ ¼dqy lwfpr {ks= dk yxHkx 46 izfr'kr½ dqy cks;k<br />

x;k {ks= gS] 70 feñ gSñ ¼23 izfr'kr½ ou {ks=] 26 feñ gSñ xSj d`f"k mi;ksx ds rgr] 25 feñ gSñ ijrh Hkwfe] 17 feñ gSñ catj<br />

vkSj vd`"; Hkwfe] 13 feñ gSñ d`f"k ;ksX; catj Hkwfe] 10 feñ gSñ LFkk;h pkjkxkg Hkwfe vkSj vU; pkjkxkg Hkwfe] vkSj 3 feñ gSñ {ks=<br />

fofo/k o`{k Qlyksa vkSj miouksa ds v/khu gSA foxr o"kks± ls xSj d`f"k mi;ksx gsrq {ks= esa Øfed :i ls o`f) gq;h gSA fiNys 40<br />

o"kks± ¼1970&71 ls 2008&09½ ds nkSjku fuoy cks;k x;k {ks= dqy feykdj 141 feñ gSñ ij fLFkj jgk gSA xSj&d`f"k mi;ksxksa<br />

ds rgr {ks= 16 fefy;u gSñ ls c


izkd`frd lalk/ku izca/ku 21<br />

vkd`fr 2-1% Hkkjr esa Hkw&mi;ksx izfreku] 1970&71<br />

vkd`fr 2-2% Hkkjr esa Hkw&mi;ksx izfreku] 2008&09<br />

ou<br />

xSj d`f"k mi;ksxksa ds rgr {ks=<br />

catj vkSj Ålj Hkwfe<br />

LFkkbZ pkjkxkg rFkk vU; pjkbZ<br />

<strong>dh</strong> Hkwfe<br />

fofo/k o`{k Qlyksa rFkk forku<br />

ds rgr {ks=<br />

lq/kkj ;ksX; catj Hkwfe<br />

ou<br />

ijrh Hkwfe<br />

ldy cqvkbZ {ks=<br />

xSj d`f"k mi;ksxksa ds rgr {ks=<br />

catj vkSj Ålj Hkwfe<br />

LFkkbZ pkjkxkg rFkk vU; pjkbZ<br />

<strong>dh</strong> Hkwfe<br />

fofo/k o`{k Qlyksa rFkk forku<br />

ds rgr {ks=<br />

lq/kkj ;ksX; catj Hkwfe<br />

ijrh Hkwfe<br />

ldy cqvkbZ {ks=


22 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

pqukSfr;ka<br />

2-3 vkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong>dj.k] 'kgjhdj.k] vkokl vkSj volajpuk <strong>dh</strong> ekax ds pyrs d`f"k Hkwfe dks xSj&d`f"k mi;ksx esa ifjorZu djus dk<br />

ncko c


izkd`frd lalk/ku izca/ku 23<br />

2-7 d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx us e`nk LokLF; ,oa moZjrk cuk, j[kus ds fy, tSfod [kknksa tSls QkeZ ;kMZ [kkn ¼,QokbZ,e½]<br />

oehZ dEiksLV ,oa gjh [kkn ds lkFk jklk;fud moZjdksa ds e`nk ijh{k.k vk/kkfjr larqfyr ,oa foosdiw.kZ iz;ksx dks izksRlkfgr djus ds<br />

fy, ,oa 19 eq[; jkT;ksa esa LFkku fof'k"V laLrqfr;ksa ds l`tu gsrq e`nk ijh{k.k Qly izfrfØ;k vkadM+s ds lkFk e`nk moZjrk <strong>fLFkfr</strong> dks<br />

tksM+us lfgr Hkw lanfHkZr e`nk moZjrk ekufp=.k ds fy, ,d ubZ ;kstuk ^jk"Vªh; e`nk LokLF; ,oa moZjrk izca/ku ifj;kstuk*<br />

¼,uih,e,l,p ,.M ,Q½ 'kq: <strong>dh</strong> gSA<br />

ckWDl 2-1 mÙkj izns'k dk viuh feêh igpkusa vfHk;ku<br />

jkT; esa 73 ftyk Lrjh; e`nk ijh{k.k iz;ksx'kkyk,a gSaA blds lkFk gh 182 mi&izHkkx@rglhy Lrjh; e`nk ijh{k.k iz;ksx'kkyk,a ,oa<br />

18 eksckbZy e`nk ijh{k.k iz;ksx'kkyk,a gSaA vc rd 27-91 yk[k e`nk uewus bdës fd, x, gSa ,oa 21-22 yk[k e`nk uewus fo'ysf"kr fd, x,<br />

gSaA 18-25 yk[k e`nk LokLF; dkMZ fdlkuksa ds chp igys gh forfjr dj fn, x, gSaA<br />

e`nk uewuksa dks ^viuh feêh igpkusa vfHk;ku* esa bdëk fd;k tk jgk gS tks [kjhQ ,oa jch ekSle esa vyx&vyx vk;ksftr fd;k<br />

tkrk gSA<br />

2-8 e`nk LokLF; ,oa mRikndrk esa lq/kkj ds fy, moZjdksa dk e`nk ijh{k.k vk/kkfjr vuqiz;ksx vko';d gSA 2010&11 esa izfro"kZ 106<br />

yk[k e`nk uewuksa <strong>dh</strong> e`nk fo'ys"k.k {kerk ds lkFk ns'k esa 1049 e`nk ijh{k.k iz;ksx'kkyk,a gSaA e`nk LokLF; dkMks± esa e`nk moZjrk o`gn<br />

,oa lw{e iks"kd Lrj ,oa e`nk ls lacaf/kr leL;kvksa dk C;kSjk gSA bl lwpuk ls fdlku dks i;kZIr iks"k.k lfEeJ.k lesr rnuqlkj d`f"k<br />

i)fr;ksa dks viukus esa enn feyrh gSA jkT; ljdkjksa dks fdlkuksa dks e`nk LokLF; dkMZ tkjh djus ds fy, ^jk"Vªh; d`f"k fodkl<br />

;kstuk* ¼vkjdsohokbZ½ ,oa o`gn d`f"k izca/ku ¼,e,e,½ ds rgr foRrh; lgk;rk ysus ds fy, izksRlkfgr fd;k tk jgk gSA jkT;<br />

ljdkjksa us fdlkuksa dks vDrwcj] 2011 rd 408 yk[k e`nk LokLF; dkMZ tkjh fd, gSaA Lohd`r e`nk ijh{k.k iz;ksx'kkykvksa@moZjd<br />

xq.koRrk fu;a=.k iz;ksx'kkykvksa <strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk@lqn`


24 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

ckWDl 2-2 xqtjkr esa jkT; ijh{k.k iz;ksx'kkyk;sa<br />

20 e`nk ijh{k.k iz;ksx'kkyk,a ftlesa 2 eksckbZy oSu 'kkfey gSaA<br />

Ng iz;ksx'kkykvksa esa lw{e iks"kd fo'ys"k.k lqfo/kk,a gSaA<br />

dqy uewuk fo'ys"k.k {kerk 2]40]000 izfro"kZ gSA<br />

vkjdsohokbZ ds rgr fofHkUu d`f"k mRikn foi.ku lfefr;ksa ds varxZr LFkkiuk ds fy, 2009&10 ds nkSjku 61 e`nk ijh{k.k<br />

iz;ksx'kkyk,a Lohd`r <strong>dh</strong> xbZA<br />

vU; laLFkkvksa tSls jkT; d`f"k fo'ofo|ky;] xqtjkr Hkwfe fodkl fuxe ,oa xqtjkr jkT; cht fuxe dks e`nk ijh{k.k dk;ZØe<br />

esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA<br />

2010&11 ds nkSjku fofHkUu phuh lgdkfjrkvksa }kjk LFkkiuk fd, tkus ds fy, dqy 15 ,lVh,y Lohd`r <strong>dh</strong> xbZA<br />

e`nk ijh{k.k vk/kkfjr moZjd mi;ksx laLrqfr;ksa dks fdlkuksa rd ^vkuykbu* lEizsf"kr fd;k tkrk gSA<br />

jk"Vª Lrjh; ,oa jkT;okj e`nk moZjrk vkdyu ¼2002½ ds vk/kkj ij] ukbVªkstu e/;e tcfd QkLQksjl de ,oa iksVsf'k;e<br />

vf/kd gSA<br />

jkT; esa dkQh {ks= esa ftad <strong>dh</strong> deh gSA fo'ysf"kr fd, x, 30152 e`nk uewuksa ds vk/kkj ij ;g ik;k x;k fd 24- uewuksa esa ftad<br />

<strong>dh</strong> deh gS tcfd dsoy 2- uewuksa esa cksjksu de gSA<br />

2-9 voØe.k lcls cM+h pqukSfr;ksa esa ls ,d gS tks c


izkd`frd lalk/ku izca/ku 25<br />

2-10 Qly vif'k"Vksa dks gVkus] iks"k.k mi;ksx ds de ,oa vlarqfyr gksus rFkk vijnu ds dkj.k <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; e`nk esa tSfod dkcZu rRo<br />

dkQh de gSA vf/kdrj ikS/kksa ds ck;ksekl dks pkjs] b±/ku vFkok Hkou fuekZ.k lkexzh ds :i esa mi;ksx ds fy, [ksr ls gVk fy;k tkrk<br />

gS ,oa vxyh Qly ds fy, Hkwfe dks 'kh?kz rS;kj djus ds fy, BwaBksa dks tyk fn;k tkrk gSA <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; e`nk ds vuqekfur 29-4 feñ gSñ<br />

esa moZjrk esa deh vk jgh gS ftlds Hkfo"; esa c


26 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

2-14 tSfod [kknksa <strong>dh</strong> vogsyuk ds lkFk iks"kdksa ds vi;kZIr ,oa vlarqfyr iz;ksx ds ifj.kkeLo:i <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; e`nk esa cgqiks"kdksa <strong>dh</strong><br />

deh gqbZ gSA lYQj] ftad ,oa cksjksu ds ekeys esa ;s dfe;ka cgqr gh xaHkhj gSaA iks"kdksa <strong>dh</strong> iwfrZ Qlyksa }kjk fy, x, iks"kdksa <strong>dh</strong> xfr<br />

ls rkyesy ugha cSBk l<strong>dh</strong> ,oa xgu d`f"k ds rgr <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; e`nk dk moZjrk Lrj dkQh rsth ls fxjk gS ,oa fo'ks"kdj flU/kq&xaxk eSnkuh<br />

{ks= esa ;g Ðkl ds ladsr n'kkZus yxk gSA jk"Vªh; Lrj ij gekjh e`nk esa yxHkx 8&10 feñ Vu ,uihds <strong>dh</strong> fo'kq) deh gks jgh gSA e`nk<br />

esa ls lcls vf/kd fy;k tkus okyk iks"kd ¼ds½ iksVsf'k;e gS tks 7 ehfVªd Vu fy;k tkrk gS ,oa iwfr dsoy ,d ehfVªd Vu <strong>dh</strong> gks<br />

ikrh gSA ns'k ds lHkh Hkkxksa esa ikbZ tkus okyh lYQj <strong>dh</strong> deh nf{k.kh {ks= esa lcls T;knk gSA 'kq) cks, x, {ks= ds yxHkx 60 feñ gSñ<br />

dks doj djrs gq, 40&45- ftyksa esa deh ik, tkus <strong>dh</strong> laHkkouk gSA <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; e`nk esa jkT;okj e`nk moZjrk <strong>fLFkfr</strong> ,oa lw{e iks"kdksa <strong>dh</strong><br />

deh <strong>dh</strong> lhek Øe'k% lkj.kh 2-3 ,oa 2-4 esa nh xbZ gSA<br />

lkj.kh 2-3% jkT;okj e`nk moZjrk <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

jkT; dk uke moZjrk Lrj <strong>dh</strong> Js.kh<br />

ukbVªkstu QkLQksjl iksVsf'k;e<br />

iwohZ {ks=<br />

vle e/;e e/;e e/;e<br />

v:.kkpy izns'k mPp fuEu mPp<br />

ef.kiqj fuEu fuEu e/;e<br />

es?kky; mPp fuEu e/;e<br />

fetksje mPp fuEu e/;e<br />

ukxkySaM mPp e/;e fuEu<br />

mM+hlk fuEu fuEu e/;e<br />

f=iqjk e/;e e/;e e/;e<br />

if'pe caxky e/;e e/;e e/;e<br />

if'peh {ks=<br />

xqtjkr e/;e fuEu mPp<br />

xksok mPp e/;e mPp<br />

e/; izns'k e/;e e/;e mPp<br />

egkjk"Vª fuEu fuEu mPp<br />

mÙkjh {ks=<br />

gfj;k.kk fuEu fuEu e/;e<br />

fgekpy izns'k mPp e/;e fuEu<br />

tEew ,oa d'ehj e/;e fuEu fuEu<br />

iatkc e/;e e/;e mPp<br />

mÙkj izns'k fuEu fuEu e/;e


izkd`frd lalk/ku izca/ku 27<br />

jkT; dk uke moZjrk Lrj <strong>dh</strong> Js.kh<br />

ukbVªkstu QkLQksjl iksVsf'k;e<br />

nf{k.kh {ks=<br />

vkaèz izns'k fuEu fuEu mPp<br />

vaMeku ,oa fudksñ }hi lewg fuEu fuEu fuEu<br />

dukZVd e/;e e/;e mPp<br />

dsjy fuEu e/;e e/;e<br />

iqMqpsjh fuEu fuEu e/;e<br />

rfeyukMq fuEu e/;e mPp<br />

vf[ky Hkkjr fuEu e/;e mPp<br />

òkksr% eksVlkjk ,eñvkjñ ¼2002½] <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; e`nk esa miyC/k ukbVªkstu] QkLQksjl ,oa iksVsf'k;e Lrj tSlk fd e`nk moZjrk uD'kksa }kjk n'kkZ;k x;k gS% moZjd<br />

lekpkj] oksyqe 47 ¼8½] 2002<br />

2-15 mPp ih,p okyh lksMk ,oa pwuk;qDr e`nk ds pkoy esa iks"kf.kd vlarqyu ds :i esa ftad <strong>dh</strong> deh ikbZ xbZ gSA dBksj pêkuh<br />

e`nk ds pkoy esa ,QbZ <strong>dh</strong> deh ikbZ xbZ gSA blh izdkj] xsgwa esa eSXuhf'k;e <strong>dh</strong> deh c


28 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

jkT; dk uke@la?k uewuksa <strong>dh</strong> uewuksa esa deh dk izfr'kr<br />

'kkflr {ks= la[;k ftad dkWij Qsjl eSXuht cksjkWu ekWyhcsMue<br />

¼tsM,u½ ¼lh;w½ ¼,QbZ½ ¼,e,u½ ¼ch½ ¼,evks½<br />

fgekpy izns'k 155 42 0 27 5 & &<br />

tEew ,oa d'ehj 93 <strong>12</strong> & & & & &<br />

dukZVd 27860 73 5 35 17 32 &<br />

dsjy 650 34 3


izkd`frd lalk/ku izca/ku 29<br />

vkd`fr 2-3% ukbVªkstu <strong>dh</strong> deh n'kkZrs gq;s Hkkjr esa thvkbZ,l vk/kkfjr e`nk moZjrk ekufp=


30 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

vkd`fr 2-4% QkLQksjl <strong>dh</strong> deh n'kkZrs gq;s Hkkjr esa thvkbZ,l vk/kkfjr e`nk moZjrk ekufp=


izkd`frd lalk/ku izca/ku 31<br />

vkd`fr 2-5% iksVsf'k;e <strong>dh</strong> deh n'kkZrs gq;s Hkkjr esa thvkbZ,l vk/kkfjr e`nk moZjrk ekufp=


32 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

vkd`fr 2-6% ftad <strong>dh</strong> deh n'kkZrs gq;s Hkkjr esa thvkbZ,l vk/kkfjr e`nk moZjrk ekufp=


izkd`frd lalk/ku izca/ku 33<br />

vkd`fr 2-7% lYQj <strong>dh</strong> deh n'kkZrs gq;s Hkkjr esa thvkbZ,l vk/kkfjr e`nk moZjrk ekufp=


34 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

2-16 e`nk ds tSo dkcZu <strong>dh</strong> dkcZu pØ] ok;qe.My esa ¼th,pth½ xzhu gkml xSlksa ds mRltZu ,oa e`nk ds<br />

HkkSfrd&jklk;fud&tSfod i;kZoj.k dks izHkkfor djus esa Hkwfedk gksrh gSA flU/kq xaxk eSnku ¼vkbZthih½ esa pkoy&xsgwa i)fr<br />

<strong>dh</strong> mRikndrk esa deh ds iwoZ lkekU;hdj.k dks e`nk esa tSfod rRo <strong>dh</strong> ?kVrh ek=k ls lac) fd;k x;k gSA<br />

2-17 laf[k;k ls nwf"kr e`nk esa ;g laf[k;k ft;kstsfud lzksrksa ls vkrk gSA laf[k;k <strong>dh</strong> vf/kd ek=k okys ik;fjfVd ryNV ds<br />

vkDlhd`r fo?kVu ls lYQ~;wfjd vEy fudyrk gS tks laf[k;k dk foy; dj nsrk gSA ;g ?kksy tyk'k;ksa esa pyk tkrk gS tks<br />

Hkwfexr ty dks nwf"kr djrk gSA fo'o LokLF; laxBu ¼MCY;w ,p vks½ ds ekudksa ds vuqlkj Hkwfexr ty esa 0-01 feñxzkñ izfr<br />

yhVj ls Åij la[;k dk lkanz.k LokLF; ds fygkt ls gkfudkjd gSA lanw"kd [kkn~; J`[kyk esa izos'k dj tkrs gSa ,oa euq";ksa rFkk<br />

i'kqvksa ds fy, laHkkfor LokLF; tksf[ke cu tkrs gSaA lsysfu;e ls nwf"kr e`nk esa lsysfu;e <strong>dh</strong> ek=k 5 feñxzkñ lsysfu;e izfr<br />

fdñxzkñ mRikn <strong>dh</strong> Lohdk;Z lhek ls dkQh vf/kd gksrk gSA nwf"kr Hkkstu ysus ls i'kqvksa ,oa euq";ksa esa ØkWfud lsysukWfll<br />

¼lsysfu;e fo"kkDrrk½ gks tkrk gSA xsgwa&pkoy Øe esa xsgwa esa 0-8 Vu izfr gSñ <strong>dh</strong> nj ij ,d ckj ftIle Mkyus ls lsysfu;e<br />

fo"kkDrrk <strong>dh</strong> leL;k esa lQyrkiwoZd fuiVk tk ldrk gSA vU; fodYi lsysfu;e izfrjks/kh Qlyksa dks mxkuk vkSj@vFkok<br />

pkoy&xsgwa <strong>dh</strong> vis{kk de flapkbZ vko';drk okys eDdk&xsgwa Qly Øe dks viukuk gSA<br />

vkxs <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

2-18 e`nk dk blds cgqvk;keh dk;ks± fo'ks"kdj Qly mRikndrk ,oa i;kZoj.k laj{k.k esa b"Vre mi;ksx ds fy, lrr<br />

vk/kkj ij izca/k djuk pkfg,A voØfer e`nk ds uohdj.k ds fy, izkFkfedrk vk/kkj ij laj{k.k d`f"k] lesfdr iks"k.k izca/ku]<br />

dkcZu lhd~osLVªs'ku] vijn u fu;a=.k] yo.kh; vkSj {kkjh; e`nk ijh{k.k] e`nk lqj{kk ds fy, fo/kku] nwjLFk laosnh ,oa oSf'od<br />

<strong>fLFkfr</strong> ra= ¼thih,l½ vk/kkfjr fu.kZ; leFkZu ra= ¼Mh,l,l½ dk fodkl ,oa nwf"kr e`nk dk lq/kkj 'kq: fd;k tkuk pkfg,A<br />

ty<br />

2-19 ehBs ty dk lalk/ku d`f"k ds lkFk&lkFk vU; dbZ vkfFkZd dk;Zdykiksa ds fy, egRoiw.kZ vknku gSaA ;g vkdyu gS<br />

fd ns'k esa yxHkx 3 fefy;u gSñ {ks= rkykc] tyk'k;ksa] [kkjk ty] ySxwu] ufn;ksa ,oa ugjksa ls f?kjk gSA LFkkfud ,oa rkieku<br />

ds cnykoksa] mPp ok"if.kd ekax] fujUrj lw[ks ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu ds lkFk fofHkUu {ks=ksa ds chp ty <strong>dh</strong> cs ty ¼yxHkx 300 chlh,e½ ls de gSA<br />

2-21 ;g vkdyu fd;k x;k gS fd 2050 rd yxHkx 22% HkkSxksfyd {ks= ,oa 17% tula[;k dks ty <strong>dh</strong> vR;Ur deh<br />

dk lkeuk djuk iM+sxkA ty <strong>dh</strong> izfr O;fDr miyC/krk tks 2010 esa yxHkx 1704 D;wfcd ehVj Fkh] og 2050 esa <strong>12</strong>35 lh,e<br />

¼D;wfcd ehVj½ ekuh xbZ gSA blfy, foKku ,oa izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> <strong>dh</strong> enn ls izca/ku ds lkFk&lkFk dbZ Lrjksa ij tSls uhfr] iz'kklu]<br />

fofu;eu ,oa izca/ku ls ty fodkl esa egRoiw.kZ iz;klksa <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA 4000 fcfy;u D;wfcd ehVj ¼chlh,e½ ds<br />

dqy okf"kZd o"kZ.k esa ls ok"i.k ,oa viokg ds i'pkr dsoy 1<strong>12</strong>3 chlh,e ¼28%½ ty dk mi;ksx ;ksX; gSA orZeku esa ty<br />

mi;ksx 634 chlh,e gS ,oa 2025 esa ty mi;ksx 784&843 chlh,e iz{ksfir gSA vkS|ksfxd ,oa is;ty rFkk mtkZ {ks= esa ty<br />

<strong>dh</strong> c


izkd`frd lalk/ku izca/ku 35<br />

izHkko iM+sxkA blds vykok] fiNys nks n'kdksa ls ty <strong>dh</strong> xq.koÙkk ,d xaHkhj fpark dk fo"k; gSA vla'kksf/kr uxjh; vif'k"V<br />

,oa vkS|ksfxd fo"kkDr inkFkks± dk feyuk lrgh ty <strong>dh</strong> xq.koÙkk ds fy, ,d cM+k [krjk gSA Hkwfexr ty <strong>dh</strong> xq.koÙkk laf[k;k]<br />

vk;ju] Q~y;wjkWbM <strong>dh</strong> ek=k] vfrnksgu] moZjd ,oa uk'khthoekj mi;ksx rFkk rVh; {ks=ksa esa [kkjs ty ds izos'k ds dkj.k<br />

izHkkfor gksrh gSA<br />

2-22 mi;qDr e`nk ,oa ty laj{k.k mik;ksa ds tfj, viuk;s x, iu/kkjk fodkl n`f"Vdks.k ds ifj.kkeLo:i ns'k esa<br />

v/kZ&'kq"d ,oa o"kkZ flafpr {ks=ksa esa d`f"k mRiknu ,oa mRikndrk esa lq/kkj gqvk gSA voØfed Hkwfe;ksa ds fodkl ds fy, d`f"k<br />

ea=ky; ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky; n~okjk fofHkUu iu/kkjk fodkl dk;ZØe ¼MCY;wMhih½ dk;kZfUor fd, tk jgs gSaA d`f"k ,oa<br />

lgdkfjrk foHkkx o"kkZ flafpr {ks=ksa esa jk"Vªh; iu/kkjk fodkl ifj;kstuk ¼,uMCY;wMhihvkj,½] unh ?kkVh ifj;kstuk ,oa ckwe [ksrh {ks=ksa esa iu/kkjk fodkl ifj;kstuk<br />

¼MCY;wMhih,llh,½ tSls dk;ZØe dk;kZfUor dj jgk gSA XI oha ;kstuk ds rhljs o"kZ <strong>dh</strong> lekfIr rd bu dk;ZØeksa ds rgr<br />

yxHkx 20-81 feñgSñ {ks= fodflr fd;k x;kA<br />

2-23 Hkw&lalk/ku foHkkx 1995&96 ls iu/kkjk vk/kkj ij rhu {ks= fodkl ;kstuk,a ;Fkk lw[kk izo.k {ks= dk;ZØe<br />

¼Mhih,ih½] e#LFky fodkl dk;ZØe ¼MhMhih½ ,oa lesfdr catj Hkwfe fodkl dk;ZØe ¼vkbZMCY;wMhih½ dk;kZfUor dj<br />

jgk gSA bu dk;ZØeksa ds rgr dqy 32-31 fefy;u gSñ {ks= dks doj djus okyh ifj;kstuk,a Lohd`r <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSaA 7 jkT;ksa esa 40<br />

ftyksa ds 235 Cykdksa esa MhMhih dk;kZUo;uk/khu gSaA bl dk;ZØe ds rgr 1995&96 ls iu/kkjk vk/kkj ij 7-87 fefy;u<br />

gSDVs;j dks doj djrs gq, dqy 15746 ifj;kstuk,a Lohd`r <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSaA 16 jkT;ksa esa 195 ftyksa ds 972 Cykdksa esa Mhih,ih<br />

lfØ; :i ls dk;kZUo;uk/khu gSA 1995&96 ls Mhih,ih ds rgr iu/kkjk vk/kkj ij 13-72 feñgSñ {ks= dks doj djrs gq, dqy<br />

27439 ifj;kstuk,a Lohd`r <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSaA vkbZMCY;wMhih ds rgr ifj;kstuk,a lkekU;r;k MhMhih ,oa Mhih,ih n~okjk doj ugha<br />

fd, x, {ks=ksa esa Lohd`r <strong>dh</strong> tkrh gSaA ;g dk;ZØe ns'k ds 28 jkT;ksa esa 470 ftyksa esa dk;kZfUor fd;k tk jgk gSA dk;ZØe<br />

ds rgr~ 1995&96 ls iu/kkjk vk/kkj ij 10-72 feñgSñ {ks= dks doj djrs gq, 1877 ifj;kstuk,a Lohd`r <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSaA bu<br />

ifj;kstukvksa ds iwjk gksus ij tksj Mkyus ds fy, 2007&08 ls bu dk;ZØeksa ds rgr dksbZ ubZ ifj;kstuk,a Lohd`r ugha <strong>dh</strong> xbZaA<br />

lkj.kh 2-5% vkbZMCY;w,eih ds vUrxZr iwjh <strong>dh</strong> xbZ@lekIr ifj;kstukvksa <strong>dh</strong> dk;ZØe&okj la[;k<br />

vkbZMCY;w,eih ls iwoZ 1995&96 ls 2005& 2010&11 rd iwjh <strong>dh</strong> Lohd`r ifj;kstukvksa<br />

ds dk;ZØe 06 ds nkSjku Lohd`r xbZ@can ifj;kstuk,a ds izfr'kr ds :i esa<br />

ifj;kstukvksa <strong>dh</strong> iwjh <strong>dh</strong> xbZ<br />

la[;k ifj;kstuk,a<br />

Mhih,ih 27]439 20]580 75-0<br />

MhMhih 15]746 10]998 69-8<br />

vkbZMCY;wMhih 1]877 917 48-9<br />

dqy 45]062 32]495 72-1<br />

lzksr% Hkw&lalk/ku foHkkx


36 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

vkd`fr 2-8% psd MSe] lseyh LVªhe xksaMy rkyqdk] jktdksV ftyk] xqtjkr ij iu/kkjk gkosZfLVax lajpuk<br />

2-24 foHkkx us vkbZMCY;w,eih ifj;kstukvksa ls igys <strong>dh</strong> tkjh ifj;kstukvksa <strong>dh</strong> leh{kk <strong>dh</strong> gS ,oa bls fuf'pr le; lhek<br />

ds Hkhrj iwjk djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k gSA 2003&04 ls igys Lohd`r lHkh iwoZ&gfj;kyh ifj;kstukvksa dks iwjk djus <strong>dh</strong> le;<br />

lhek 31-3-2011 FkhA rnuqlkj cQhZys {ks=ksa esa dk;kZfUor <strong>dh</strong> tk jgh 326 ifj;kstukvksa dks NksM+dj lHkh iwoZ&gfj;kyh<br />

ifj;kstuk,a iw.kZ vFkok can <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSA cQhZys {ks=ksa] tgka o"kZ esa 3&4 eghus gh dk;Z gksrk gS] esa fLFkr ifj;kstukvksa dks NksM+dj<br />

2003&04 ls 2006&07 ds nkSjku Lohd`r lHkh gfj;kyh ifj;kstuk,a 31-<strong>12</strong>-20<strong>12</strong> rd iwjh <strong>dh</strong> tkuh gSA bu {ks=ksa ds fy, jkT;<br />

ljdkj n~okjk izek.ki= izLrqr djus ij vafre frfFk ds ckn rhu o"kZ <strong>dh</strong> vof/k c


izkd`frd lalk/ku izca/ku 37<br />

ckDl 2-4 vkbZMCY;w,eih dk mís';<br />

o"kkZ ty lap;u ,oa Hkwfexr ty Lrj dk fjpktZ djuk<br />

feV~Vh ds dVko dks jksdukA<br />

mUur izkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds tfj, mRiknu i)fr ¼Qly] i'kq/ku½ esa lq/kkj<br />

lesfdr iu/kkjk izca/ku <strong>dh</strong> izfØ;k ds tfj, o"kkZ flafpr@voØfer Hkwfe <strong>dh</strong> mRikndrk dks ck fn'kkfunsZ'kksa ds vuq:i 2009&10 ls vkbZMCY;w,eih ds vUrxZr ifj;kstuk,a dk;kZfUor <strong>dh</strong> tk jgh gSaA<br />

2-27 X;kjgoha iapo"khZ; ;kstukof/k ds nkSjku Hkw lalk/ku foHkkx n~okjk iu/kkjk fodkl dk;ZØeksa ds rgr fy, tkus okys u,<br />

{ks=ksa ds fy, 22-65 feñgSñ dk y{; fuf'pr fd;k gSA ;kstuk ds igys nks o"kks± ds nkSjku vkbZMCY;w,eih ds rgr dksbZ<br />

ifj;kstuk,a Lohd`r ugha <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSaA 2009&10 ,oa 2010&11 ds nkSjku ns'k esa 23 jkT;ksa esa 15-13 feñgSñ {ks= dks doj djus<br />

okyh ifj;kstuk,a Lohd`r gqbZa] tks uhps nh xbZ gSaA <strong>12</strong>oha ;kstuk ds fy, vkbZMCY;w,eih ds rgr dqy 25 feñgSñ {ks= ¼izfr o"kZ<br />

5 feñgSñ tksM+us <strong>dh</strong> nj ij½ dks doj djus okyh ubZ ifj;kstukvksa dks Lohd`r djus dk y{; fuf'pr fd;k x;k gSA<br />

lkj.kh 2-6% X;kjgoha ;kstukof/k ds nkSjku vkbZMCY;w,eih ds vUrxZr okLrfod izxfr<br />

o"kZ fodkl ds fy, fy;k x;k {ks= ¼feñgSñ½<br />

y{; miyfC/k<br />

2009&10 5-41 6-31<br />

2010&11 8-5 8-82<br />

2011&<strong>12</strong> 8-74 &<br />

dqy 22-65 15-13<br />

2-28 bu mís';ksa dks izkIr djus ds fy, laLFkk fuekZ.k( ekuo lalk/ku fodkl] iu/kkjk fodkl dk;Zdykiksa] vkthfodk<br />

dk;Zdykiksa] vU; ;kstukvksa ds lkFk lesdu ,oa {ks= ls ifj;kstukvksa ds gVus ds i'pkr igys gh l`ftr <strong>dh</strong> xbZ ifjlEifÙk;ksa<br />

dk izca/ku djus ds fofo/k dk;Zdykiksa ds fy, izko/kkuksa dks vkbZMCY;w,eih dk lapkyu djus okys fn'kk funsZ'kksa esa lfUufgr<br />

fd;k x;k gSA


38 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

ckWDl 2-5 iu/kkjk fodkl ifj;kstukvksa dk izHkko&vkbZlhvkjvkbZ,l,Vh<br />

Hkkjr esa fofHkUu iu/kkjk fodkl dk;ZØeksa ds izHkko ds foospukRed vkdyu ,oa catjHkwfe dks de djus okys ldkjkRed rF;ksa<br />

dks fpfUgr djus ds fy, v/kZ&'kq"d dfVca/kksa gsrq varjkZ"Vªh; Qly vuqla/kku laLFkku ¼vkbZlhvkjvkbZ,l,Vh½] gSnjkckn dks<br />

2008 ds nkSjku ^^Hkkjr esa iu/kkjk dk;ZØe dk foLr`r vkdyu** laca/kh ,d v/;;u lkSaik x;kA vf/kd izekf.kd ,oa okLrfod<br />

ifj.kke izkIr djus ds fy, bl v/;;u esa 636 lw{e v/;;uksa <strong>dh</strong> lgk;rk ls iu/kkjk dk;ZØeksa ds izHkko dk ewY;kadu fd;k<br />

x;kA v/;;u esa vU; ckrksa ds lkFk&lkFk lwfpr fd;k x;kA<br />

iu/kkjk dk;ZØeksa ds gLr{ksi 1-1 Vu@gSñ@o"kZ e`nk Ðkl dks jksdk x;kA<br />

iu/kkjk dk;ZØe ds ifj.kkeLo:i 500 gSñ iu/kkjk esa yxHkx 38 gSñ&ehVj <strong>dh</strong> vfrfjDr ty laxzg.k {kerk dk l`tu<br />

fd;k x;kA<br />

flapkbZ ds rgr {ks= esa 52% <strong>dh</strong> o`f) gqbZ tcfd Qly l?kurk esa 35-5% <strong>dh</strong> o`f) gqbZA<br />

iu/kkjk dk;ZØeksa ds ykHk mPp vk; {ks=ksa <strong>dh</strong> rqyuk esa fuEu vk; {ks=ksa esa vf/kd fn[kkbZ fn, ,oa miyC/k izkS|ksfxfd;ksa<br />

ls 700 feñehñ ,oa 1000 feñehñ <strong>dh</strong> lhek okys o"kkZ {ks=ksa esa vf/kd ykHk gqvkA<br />

vf/kdrj iu/kkjk dk;ZØe NksVs ,oa lhekUr fdlkuksa] efgykvksa ,oa Hkwfeghu Jfedksa <strong>dh</strong> vko';drkvksa ds vuq:i ugha<br />

gSa ,oa mUgsa iu/kkjk laca/kh fu.kZ; ysus <strong>dh</strong> izfØ;k esa NksM+ fn;k x;kA<br />

iu/kkjk dk;ZØe ds laHkkfor ykHkksa dks izkIr djus ds fy, mfpr lkaLFkkfud izca/k <strong>dh</strong> deh FkhA<br />

yksxksa <strong>dh</strong> Hkkxhnkjh iu/kkjk dk;ZØeksa <strong>dh</strong> lQyrk esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA tgka yksxksa <strong>dh</strong> Hkkxhnkjh T;knk Fkh ogka<br />

iu/kkjk esa ykHk ykxr vuqikr vf/kd FkkA<br />

500 gSñ ls de {ks= okyh lw{e&iu/kkjkvksa <strong>dh</strong> rqyuk esa o`gn&iu/kkjk,a ¼1000 gSDVs;j ls vf/kd {ks=½ csgrj fu"iknu<br />

djrh gSaA<br />

esVk&fo'ys"k.k ds ifj.kkeksa esa ;g Hkh lkeus vk;k fd xzkeh.k jkstxkj c


izkd`frd lalk/ku izca/ku 39<br />

pqukSfr;ka<br />

2-30 Hkfo"; <strong>dh</strong> izo`fÙk;ksa ,oa ifjn`';ksa laca/kh fparkvksa dks o`f)r ty n{krk] flafpr ikfj<strong>fLFkfr</strong><strong>dh</strong> iz.kkfy;ksa <strong>dh</strong> lrrrk]<br />

vkthfodk ,oa b.Vjtsujs'kuy lkE;rk ij dsafnzr gksuk pkfg,A Hkkjr ds dqN Hkkx igys gh ty <strong>dh</strong> deh dk lkeuk dj jgs gSa<br />

,oa c ,oa lesdu <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA blesa tyok;qoh;] ty foKku laca/kh] tyh; ,oa e`nk&ty<br />

iz.kkyh] Hkwfexr ty jhpktZ] Qly o`f) ,oa QkeZ] {ks=h; rFkk oSf'od Lrj ij vkfFkZd izfØ;k,a 'kkfey gSaA ,sls<br />

iwokZuqeku ;k Hkfo";ok.kh djus ds fy, ftUgsa lalk/ku izca/ku laca/kh fu.kZ; ysus <strong>dh</strong> izfØ;k esa 'kkfey fd;k tk<br />

ldrk gS] ds fy, mPp Lrj ds O;kid QhYM] iz;ksx'kkyk ,oa lS)kafrd vuqdj.kh; vuqla/kku <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA<br />

fofHkUu LFkkfud ,oa vLFkk;h Lrj ij foLr`r MkVk] lwpuk ,oa Kku i)fr dks l`ftd djus ,oa O;kid rFkk<br />

fofo/k ra= ds chp bls 'ks;j djus <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA<br />

bl i)fr ds #[k <strong>dh</strong> csgrj le{k dks ty fu;a=.k ds dq'ky rjhdksa vkSj varj.k esa mi;ksx fd, tkus rFkk QhYM<br />

vuqiz;ksx i)fr;ksa ds lkFk tksM+s tkus <strong>dh</strong> t:jr gSA<br />

,slh Bksl j.kuhfr;ka cuk,a tkus <strong>dh</strong> t:jr gS tks ty {ks= esa gks jgs tyok;q&laca/kh dk;Zdykiksa ,oa ?kVukvksa ds izfr<br />

vuqdwyu {kerk c


40 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

ekSle rFkk tyok;q<br />

2-34 twu ls flrEcj rd o"kkZ <strong>dh</strong> ek=k ,oa dkfyd ,oa fof'k"V forj.k dks doj djrs gq, ekSle ,oa tyok;q fofo/krk<br />

[kjhQ ekSle ds nkSjku d`f"k fu"iknu dk egRow.kZ fu/kkZjd gS 1990 ls 2000 ds nkSjku yxHkx 10 o"kks± rd fujarj vuqdwy<br />

ekSle ,oa tyok;q ifjfLFkr;ksa ds dkj.k <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k dks ykHk igqapkA ijUrq fiNys 10 o"kks± esa ekSle ,oa tyok;q fofo/krk<br />

cko gksrs gSaA ,,e,Q;w ds d`f"k ,oa foLrkj fo'ks"kKksa ds varj&fo"k;h lewg<br />

;s lq>ko rS;kj djrs gSa ¼fp= 2-9½A


izkd`frd lalk/ku izca/ku 41<br />

vkd`fr 2-9 lesfdr d`f"k ekSle foKkku ijke'khZ lsok ds rgr lg;ksxh laxBu ,oa muds lEidZ<br />

→<br />

←<br />

lg;ksxh laxBu ,oa muds lEidZ<br />

i`Foh foKku ea=ky;<br />

Hkkjr ljdkj<br />

jk"Vªh; d`f"k ekSle foKku ijke'khZ<br />

lsok eq[;ky;<br />

jkT; d`f"k foHkkx jkT; d`f"k ekSle foKku dsUnz<br />

¼,l,,elh <strong>dh</strong> 28 bdkbZ½<br />

↑<br />

↑<br />

,,Q,e;w ¼130&d`f"k tyok;q tksu½<br />

jkT; d`f"k<br />

fo'ofo|ky;@vkbZlh,vkj laLFkk,a<br />

↑<br />

ftyk Lrjh; d`f"k foLrkj O;oLFkk<br />

¼6<strong>12</strong>½<br />

↑<br />

↑<br />

CykWd Lrj<br />

¼ch- Mh- vks-½ ↑<br />

xzke Lrj ¼xzke iapk;r Lrj ij<br />

MhvkbZVh }kjk LFkkfir fd,<br />

tkusokys 6000000 lh,llh<br />

2-35 orZeku esa ns'k esa 550 ftyksa esa ftyk Lrjh; cqysfVu tkjh fd, tkrs gSaA jkT; ljdkj ds dfeZ;ksa] moZjd m|ksx]<br />

uk'khthoekj m|ksx] flapkbZ foHkkx] cht fuxe] d`f"k ds fy, egRow.kZ vknku miyC/k djkus okyh ifjogu laLFkkvksa }kjk<br />

mi;ksx fd, tkus ds fy, ,,e,Q;w ls izkIr tkudkjh ls lHkh jkT;ksa ,l,elh }kjk la;qDr :i ls jkT; Lrjh; cqysfVu rS;kj<br />

fd, tkrs gSaA jkT; Lrjh; Qly ekSle fuxjkuh lewg ¼lhMCY;wMCY;wth½ <strong>dh</strong> cSBd ds fy, ;g cqysfVu tkudkjh nsus dk<br />

,d egRoiw.kZ lk/ku gSA fofHkUu jkT;ksa ls izkIr tkudkjh dk iz;ksx djrs gq, jk"Vªh; d`f"k ekSle foKku ijke'khZ lsok dsUnz ,oa<br />

d`f"k ekSle foKku izHkkx] vkbZ,eMh] iq.ks n~okjk jk"Vªh; d`f"k ekSle foKku ijke'khZ cqysfVu rS;kj fd, tkrs gSaA jk"Vªh; Lrj ij<br />

lhMCY;wMCY;wth cSBdksa esa egRoiw.kZ fu.kZ; ysus ds fy, d`f"k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj bu cqysfVuksa dk mi;ksx djrh gSA ;s<br />

lsok,a dbZ vU; laLFkkvksa ds lg;ksx ls miyC/k djkbZ tkrh gSaA fdlkuksa dks vknku leFkZd lsok,a miyC/k djkus ds fy, ,d<br />

eghus ds vfxze le; ds lkFk LFkkfud ,oa dkfyd :i ls fHkUu ekSle lwpuk miyC/k djkus ds fy, vkbZ,eMh] jk"Vªh; e/;e<br />

jsat ekSle iqokZuqeku dsUnz ¼,ulh,evkj,QMCY;w½] Mh,lh] vkbZlh,vkj] ,l,lh] vkbZvkbZVhMh ,oa vkbZvkjvkbZ }kjk la;qDr<br />

:i ls d`f"k ea=ky; }kjk izk;ksftr foLrkfjr jsat ekSle iwokZuqqeku ra= ¼bZvkj,Q,l½ ds fodkl laca/kh ,d lg;ksxh dk;ZØe<br />

pyk;k tk jgk gSA<br />

2-36 bZesy] VsyhQksu] ,l,e,l ,oa vkbZohvkj ¼b.Vj,fDVo okW;l fjLikUl izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong>½ bR;kfn ds tfj, lkewfgd ,oa<br />

O;fDrxr laca/kksa ds lkFk&lkFk vkdk'kok.kh] Vsyhfotu] fizaV ehfM;k] b.VjusV tSls ekl ,oa bysDVªksfud ehfM;k lesr igqap<br />

<strong>dh</strong> cgqiz.kkfy;ksa ds tfj, d`f"k&ijke'kZ laca/kh lwpuk dk izlkj fd;k tkrk gSA 15 jkT;ksa esa ,l,e,l ,oa vkbZohvkj ,oa<br />

egkjk"Vª esa jkT; d`f"k foHkkx] egkjk"Vª ljdkj ds lg;ksx ls d`f"k ekSle foKku laca/kh ijke'khZ lsok ¼,,,l½ ds rgr fn, x,<br />

d`f"k ekSle foKku ijke'kks± dk izlkj dbZ futh Qeks± tSls fj;wVj ykbV] gs.Mhxks] bQdks lapkj fyñ] uksfd;k dj jgh gSA<br />

→<br />

←<br />

}<br />

vkbZ,eMh7 ,ulh,evkjMCY;w,Q&LFkku<br />

fof'k"V ekSle iqokZuqeku<br />

d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx<br />

&,ulh,Qlh,aMlhMCY;wMCY;wth<br />

vkbZlh,vkj&vkj,aMMh vknku<br />

vUrfj{k foHkkx&izjksgh lwpdkad<br />

izlkj <strong>Hkkjrh</strong><br />

lwpuk izkSn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong> foHkkx<br />

jkT; Qly ekSle fuxjkuh<br />

lewg ¼lhMCY;wMCY;wth½<br />

1- lw[kk ekuhVfjax dsUnz<br />

2- nks jkT; vkj,l vuqiz;ksx dsUnz<br />

3- Mh,vks@dsohds@,uthvks<br />

←<br />

,uthvks


42 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

2-37 d`f"k ekSle foKku laca/kh ijke'khZ lsok ¼,,,l½ us fdlkuksa <strong>dh</strong> lexz rS;kjh c


izkd`frd lalk/ku izca/ku 43<br />

lw[kk ,oa <strong>dh</strong>V izfrjks/kh Qly fdLeksa rFkk laLFkkxr leFkZu <strong>dh</strong> vkxkeh i;kZIrrk dk fodkl djds 'kq"d Hkwfe d`f"k ds lao/<br />

kZu dks lokZf/kd egRo fn;k tk,xk rFkkfi i'kq/ku vkSj ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> ds lkFk d`f"k iz.kkfy;ksa ds lesdu ds fy, fe'ku Hkh lrr~<br />

d`f"k ds fy, viuh dojst o"kkZ flafpr {ks=ksa rd c


44 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

2-48 Hkkjr esa izpkfyr gks jgh ekulwu iz.kkfy;ka nks rjg <strong>dh</strong> gSa ¼d½ nf{k.k&if'pe ;k xzh"e ekulwu ¼[k½ mRrj&iwohZ ;k<br />

'khrdkyhu ekulwuA nf{k.k&if'pe ekulwu ls ns'k esa okf"kZd o"kkZ <strong>dh</strong> yxHkx 70- o"kkZ gksrh gS] fdUrq LFkku vkSj le; nksuksa<br />

iSekuksa ij ekulwuh o"kkZ esa c


izkd`frd lalk/ku izca/ku 45<br />

2-51 Hkkjr ljdkj ds vkink izca/ku dk;ZØe dks fo'o esa lokZf/kd O;kid dk;ZØeksa esa ls ,d dk ntkZ fn;k x;k gS rFkk<br />

bl dk;ZØe us 2004 ds lqukeh] 1999 ds pØokr vkSj 2002 o 2009 ds lw[ks tSlh xaHkhj vkSj fodV ?kVukvksa ds izHkko dk<br />

lkeuk djus esa mYys[kuh; lQyrk ikbZ gSA ck


46 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

lqn`


v/;k; 3<br />

QkeZ vknku ,oa izcaèu<br />

3-1 Lora=rk izkfIr ls vc rd d`f"k mRiknu esa vHkwriwoZ o`f) mPp vknku mi;ksx] fo'ks"kdj [kjhns x, vknkuksa vkSj lkFk gh<br />

izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> vfHkizsfjr mRikndrk o`f) }kjk mRizsfjr jgh gSA eq[; vknku] ftUgksaus d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> n'kk dks ifjofrZr fd;k muesa 'kkfey g®<br />

,pokbZoh ¼mPp mit okyh fdLe½ cht] jklk;fud moZjd] flapkbZ] uk'kdthoekj] QkeZ e'khujh vkSj midj.k] _.k rFkk JeA<br />

cht@ikSè jksi.k@iztuu lkexzh<br />

3-2 vyx&vyx d`f"k tyok;q {ks=ksa esa d`f"k mRiknu o mRikndrk c


48 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

ubZ cht fodkl uhfr ¼,uih,lMh½<br />

3-5 ubZ cht fodkl uhfr ¼,uih,lMh½] 1988 dks fons'kksa esa miyCè loZJs"B ikSè jksi.k lkexzh dks <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; fdlkuksa dks eqgS;k djkus<br />

<strong>dh</strong> n`f"V ls rS;kj fd;k x;k FkkA d`f"k mRiknu o mRikndrk esa lqèkj ykus ds fy, fiNys o"kks± esa bl uhfr esa eksVs vuktksa] nyguksa]<br />

lfCt;ksa] Qwyksa vkfn ds chtksa tSlh fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa ds chtksa ds vk;kr dks ljy cuk;k gSA ;g uhfr vk;krd }kjk bu gkml tkap rFkk<br />

vkbZlh,vkj ds vf[ky <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; lefUor ijh{k.kksa ds vèhu cgqLFkkfud tkap ds fy, vuktksa] fryguksa] nyguksa vkfn <strong>dh</strong> FkksM+h ek=k<br />

ds izkjfEHkd vk;kr <strong>dh</strong> vuqefr nsrh gSA cgq&LFkkfud ijh{k.kksa ds larks"ktud ifj.kke ds vkèkj ij vk;krdksa dks vfèd ek=k esa<br />

vk;kr <strong>dh</strong> vuqefr nh tkrh gSA<br />

jk"Vªh; cht uhfr] 2002<br />

3-6 jk"Vªh; vkfFkZd vkSj lkFk gh d`f"k {ks= esa gks jgs rhoz ifjorZuksa rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; cktkjksa esa gksus okys ifjorZuksa dks Hkh /;ku esa j[krs<br />

gq, jk"Vªh; cht uhfr] uhfr] 2002 rS;kj <strong>dh</strong> xbZ FkhA bl uhfr dk mís'; cht izfrLFkkiu njksa ¼,lvkjvkj½ dks i;kZIr :i ls c


QkeZ vknku ,oa izca/ku 49<br />

3-9 volajpuk esa dfe;ksa <strong>dh</strong> vksj /;ku nsus rFkk fofHkUu xq.koÙkkizn chtksa <strong>dh</strong> miyCèrk c


50 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

jk"Vªh; cht fe'ku<br />

3-10 ;ífi orZeku L<strong>dh</strong>e vFkkZr ^^xq.koÙkkizn chtksa ds mRiknu o forj.k ds fy, volajpukRed lqfoèkvksa dk fodkl ,oa<br />

lqn`


QkeZ vknku ,oa izca/ku 51<br />

vfèd leFkZu nsuk egRoiw.kZ gSA lkoZtfud ikni iztuu dk;ZØeksa ds iqu#)kj ds fy, foÙkiks"k.k Hkh t:jh gSA uhfr;ksa ds tfj,<br />

vkSipkfjd rFkk fdlku }kjk cpk, x, cht lacaèh iz.kkfy;ksa dks tksM+s tkus vkSj LFkkuh; cht m|eksa ds vfoHkkZo dks izsfjr fd, tkus<br />

esa enn <strong>dh</strong> tkuh pkfg,A<br />

3-13 fdLe fodkl vkSj fueqZfDr rFkk cht vkiwfrZ ds fy, uhfr;ksa vkSj foèku esa lqèkj fd;k tkuk] yphyk fdLe fueqZfDr foèku<br />

dk fofèdj.k] o`f)r iztuu dk leFkZu djus ds fy, dq'ky O;olkf;;ksa <strong>dh</strong> ,d ubZ ih


52 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

3-16 moZjdksa <strong>dh</strong> i;kZIr miyCèrk lqfuf'pr fd, tkus ds fy, d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx¼Mh,lh½ lHkh jkT;ksa vkSj lacafèr<br />

,t—fl;ksa ds ijke'kZ ls izR;sd Qly ekSle vFkkZr [kjhQ ¼1 vizSy ls 30 flrEcj½ vkSj jch ekSle ¼1 vDVwcj ls 31 ekpZ½ ls igys<br />

eq[; moZjdksa vFkkZr~ ;wfj;k] Mh,ih] ,evksih rFkk fefJr moZjdksa <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk dk vkdyu djrk gSA blds vykok] fdlkuksa ds<br />

fy, i;kZIr ek=k lqfuf'pr fd, tkus ds fy,] moZjd dks vfuok;Z ftUl ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj ns'k esa moZjdksa ds ewY;] xq.koÙkk<br />

vkSj forj.k dks fofu;fer djus ds fy, moZjd ¼fu;a=.k½ vkns'k ¼,Qlhvks½ dks izofrZr fd;k x;k FkkA ,Qlhvks esa moZjd<br />

fofuekZrkvksa] vk;krdksa vkSj foØsrkvksa ds vfuok;Z iathdj.k( ns'k esa fofufeZr vFkok vk;kfrr vkSj csps tkus okys lHkh moZjdksa ds<br />

fofunsZ'ku] moZjd feJ.kksa ds fofuekZ.k laca/kh fofu;eu] moZjdksa ds FkSyksa <strong>dh</strong> iSfadax vkSj ekfd±x( izorZu ,tsafl;ksa <strong>dh</strong> fu;qfDr]<br />

xq.koÙkk fu;a=.k iz;ksx'kkykvksa <strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk fd, tkus rFkk xSj&ekud vFkok udyh ;k feykoVh moZjdksa ds fofuekZ.k vkSj vk;kr rFkk<br />

fcØh dk fu"ks/k fd;k tkus dk izko/kku gSA<br />

vkd`fr 3-1 Hkkjr esa moZjdksa <strong>dh</strong> [kir] mRiknu o vk;kr<br />

¼yk[k Vu esa½<br />

[kir<br />

mRiknu<br />

3-17 o"kZ 2010&11 ds nkSjku dsUnz ljdkj ds moZjd fujh{kdksa us ;wfj;k] ,evksih] Mh,ih vkSj 100 izfr'kr ty esa ?kqyu'khy fefJr<br />

moZjdksa ds 1]254 ty;kuksa dk fujh{k.k fd;k vkSj 6 ty;ku xSj&ekud moZjdksa okys ik, x,A orZeku esa ns'k esa 1-31 yk[k uewuksa<br />

<strong>dh</strong> dqy okf"kZd moZjd fo'ys"k.k {kerk ds lkFk 74 iz;ksx'kkyk,a ¼4 dsUnzh; ljdkj <strong>dh</strong> iz;ksx'kkykvksa lfgr½ gSaA<br />

vk;kr<br />

ckDl% 3-2 moZjd ¼fu;a=.k½ vkns'k] 1985 esa ifjorZu<br />

gky ds o"kks± esa ,sls mik; fd, x, gSa ftuls ,Qlhvks] iks"kd rRo izca/ku uhfr ds vkSj T;knk lfØ; lk/ku ds :i esa lsok iznku dj<br />

ldsA LFky fof'k"V iks"k.k izca/ku ds fgr esa dLVksekbTM moZjdksa dks vuqefr nsus ds fy, [k.M 20[k tksM+k x;k gSA ,Qlhvks esa<br />

dLVksekbTM moZjdksa <strong>dh</strong> 36 Jsf.k;ksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA xkS.k vkSj lw{e iks"kd rRoksa dks cM+s iSekus ij c


QkeZ vknku ,oa izca/ku 53<br />

3-18 xgu d`f"k ls tgka [kk| mRiknu c


54 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

3-23 moZjdksa <strong>dh</strong> vkiwfrZ fuf'pr djus ds fy, moZjdksa <strong>dh</strong> c


QkeZ vknku ,oa izca/ku 55<br />

ckWDl 3-3 dEI;wVjhd`r vkWuykbu d`feuk'kh iathdj.k iz.kkyh<br />

dsUnzh; <strong>dh</strong>Vuk'kh cksMZ ,oa iathdj.k lfefr ¼lhvkbZch ,aM vkjlh½ Qjhnkckn ds lfpoky; esa tqykbZ] 2008 esa ,d dEI;wVjhd`r<br />

vkWuykbZu uk'khthoekj iathdj.k iz.kkyh 'kq: <strong>dh</strong> xbZ FkhA ;g iz.kkyh uk'khthoekj dEifu;ksa dks uk'khthoekj mRiknksa ds iathdj.k ds<br />

fy, vkosnu djus rFkk dfe;ksa ds ckjs esa vkWuykbZu iz'u izkIr djus esa l{ke cukrh gSA vkosnd dks vkosnu <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong> Hkh vkWuykbZu fey<br />

tkrh gSA bl iz.kkyh dks csgrj ikjnf'kZrk ds lkFk n{krk dks c


56 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

ckDl% 3-6 xgu uk'khtho fuxjkuh ,oa izca/ku<br />

gky ds o"kks± esa eq[; uk'khtho vkØe.kksa <strong>dh</strong> izfrfØ;k esa] dqN jkT;ksa esa jk"Vªh; fodkl ;kstuk ¼vkjdsohokbZ½ ds v/khu uk'khthoksa vkSj<br />

jksxksa ds izfr laosnu'khy eq[; Qlyksa ds fy, xgu uk'khtho fuxjkuh ,oa izca/ku iz.kkfy;ka dk;kZfUor <strong>dh</strong> gSa] mnkgj.kkFkZ egkjk"Vª us 2009<br />

esa ¼lks;kchu o nyguksa ds fy,½ rFkk mM+hlk us 2010 esa ¼pkoy ds fy,½A ubZ j.kuhfr izHkkoh fl) gqbZ gS vkSj vkbZlh,vkj ds jk"Vªh;<br />

lesfdr uk'khtho izca/ku dsUnz ¼,ulhvkbZih,e½] ubZ fnYyh }kjk vU; jkT;ksa dks bl<strong>dh</strong> lykg nh xbZ gSA<br />

3-29 ljdkj uk'khthoekjksa ds lqjf{kr ,oa foosdiw.kZ mi;ksx ds fy, lesfdr uk'khtho izca/ku ¼vkbZih,e½ dks ikni laj{k.k<br />

j.kuhfr ds ,d eq[; vk/kkj ds :i esa c


QkeZ vknku ,oa izca/ku 57<br />

ckDl% 3-8 ikS/k laxjks/k lsokvksa dk mUu;u<br />

ns'k <strong>dh</strong> tSo lqj{kk <strong>dh</strong> j{kk <strong>dh</strong> mHkj jgh pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus ds fy, ikni laj{k.k fofu;ked Qzs eodZ ds mUu;u fd, tkus <strong>dh</strong><br />

vko';drk gSA bu iz;klksa ds Hkkx ds :i esa fuEufyf[kr eq[; igysa <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSa%<br />

• fu;kZrdksa dks ikni LoPNrk izek.ki= ds fy, vkosnu djus esa rFkk vk;krdksa dks vk;kr ijfeV gsrq vkosnu djus esa l{ke cukus rFkk<br />

fueqZDr vkns'k dks vkWuykbZu djus ds fy, tuojh] 2011 esa vkuWykbZu ikni laxjks/k lsok,a 'kq: <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSaA ikni laxjks/k dk;Z dk<br />

93 izfr'kr vc vkWu ykbZu fd;k tk jgk gSA<br />

• pSUubZ] eqEcbZ vkSj ubZ fnYyh esa pkSchlksa ?kaVs ¼24x7½ ikni laxjks/k lsok,a 'kq: <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSaA<br />

• tkylkth dks jksdus ds fy, ekud QkesZV vkSj o`f)r lqj{kk fo'ks"krkvksa okys ikni LoPNrk izek.ki= 'kq: fd, x, gSaA<br />

• ve`rlj] pSUubZ] dksydkrk] eqEcbZ vkSj ubZ fnYyh esa fLFkr ikap eq[; {ks=h; ikni laxjks/k dsUnzksa ¼vkjihD;w,l½ us vkbZ,lvks 9001%<br />

2000 izek.khdj.k izkIr dj fy;k gS tks ,d laxBu <strong>dh</strong> xq.koÙkk izca/ku iz.kkyh ds fy, vUrjjk"Vªh; ekud gSA<br />

3-32 uk'khthoekj ds fofu;eu dks vf/k'kkflr djus okyk fo|eku fo/kku iqjkuk gS vkSj bls u, dkuwuksa] ftuesa vkSj vf/kd izHkkoh<br />

fofu;ked Qzs eodZ dk izko/kku gks] ls izfrLFkkfir fd, tkus <strong>dh</strong> t:jr gSA uk'khthoekj izca/ku fo/ks;d] ftlls <strong>dh</strong>V vf/kfu;e]<br />

1968 dks izfrLFkkfir fd;k tkuk vfHkizsr gS] dks laln esa izLrqr dj fn;k x;k gSA oS'ohdj.k] vkuqoaf'kd baftfu;fjax] tyok;q<br />

ifjorZu] tSfod vkradokn vkSj lhekikj jksxksa lfgr u, vkSj mHkj jgs ?kVdksa us ikni vkSj i'kq LokLF; rFkk lkFk gh ekuo LokLF;<br />

ds lkFk xgjs laca/k j[kus okys i;kZoj.k ij xaHkhj ck/kk,a [kM+h <strong>dh</strong> gSaA bu pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus ds fy,] fo|eku iz.kkfy;ksa dks<br />

etcwr cuk, tkus <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA ikni laj{k.k esa {kerk dk mUu;u djus ds iz;klksa dks tkjh j[ks tkus <strong>dh</strong> t:jr gSA<br />

vkxs <strong>dh</strong> j.kuhfr<br />

3-33 uk'khthoekj izca/ku ij u;k fo/kku cuk, tkus ls Hkfo"; esa uk'khthoekjksa dk vkSj vf/kd izHkkoh fofu;eu miyC/k gksxkA<br />

3-34 fouk'kd <strong>dh</strong>V ,oa uk'khtho vf/kfu;e] 1914 dks izfrLFkkfir fd, tkus rFkk ns'k <strong>dh</strong> d`f"k tSo lqj{kk <strong>dh</strong> j{kk ds fy, ikni]<br />

i'kq o leqnz laj{k.k rFkk laxjks/k laLFkkiukvksa ds lkFk i;kZIr 'kfDr;ksa okyh ,d mPp 'kfDrlEiUu fudk; ds v/khu ykus ds fy, ,d<br />

d`f"k tSo lqj{kk fo/ks;d rS;kj fd;k tk jgk gSA<br />

3-35 lanHkZ ekudksa <strong>dh</strong> vkiwfrZ rFkk uk'khthoekj uewuksa ds fo'ys"k.k esa fHkUurk ds eqíksa dk lek/kku djus ds fy, ,d jk"Vªh;<br />

uk'khthoekj lanHkZ fjiksftVjh ¼,uihvkjvkj½ LFkkfir fd;s tkus <strong>dh</strong> ;kstuk cukbZ xbZ gSA blds vykok] ekbØksfc;y tSo uk'khthoekjksa<br />

vkSj mRiknksa esa jklkf;ud uk'khthoekjksa <strong>dh</strong> mi<strong>fLFkfr</strong> dk irk yxkus ds fy, jk"Vªh; Lrj ij jk"Vªh; uk'khthoekj vUos"k.kkRed<br />

iz;ksx'kkyk ¼,uihvkbZ,y½ uked ,d ubZ iz;ksx'kkyk LFkkfir fd, tkus <strong>dh</strong> ;kstuk cukbZ xbZ gSA bl iz;ksx'kkyk esa uk'khthoekj<br />

ijh{k.k iz;ksx'kkykvksa ds dk;Z dks ekfuVj djus ds fy, ,d rduh<strong>dh</strong> ys[kk ijh{kk izHkkx Hkh gksxkA iz;ksx'kkykvksa ds izR;k;u ds lkFk<br />

,uihvkjvkj vkSj ,uihvkbZ,y uk'khthoekjksa ds ijh{k.k ds ekud esa fof'k"V ifjorZu fd, tkus esa enn djsaxsA<br />

3-36 jk"Vªh; d`f"k d`f"k fodkl ;kstuk ds v/khu miyC/k foÙkiks"k.k dk ykHk ysrs gq, jkT;ksa }kjk uk'khthoksa o jksxksa ds izfr laosnu'khy<br />

eq[; Qlyksa ds fy, xgu uk'khtho fuxjkuh vkSj izca/ku iz.kkfy;ka viukuh gksaxhA<br />

3-37 dsoy ns'k esa gh ugha cfYd varjkZ"Vªh; :i ls Hkh ikni LokLF; izca/ku ds lkFk&lkFk tSo lqj{kk esa {kerk ds mUu;u esa lgk;rk<br />

fd, tkus ds fy, jk"Vªh; ikni LokLF; izca/ku laLFkku] gSnjkckn dk vkxs vkSj fodkl fd;k tk,xkA


58 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

QkeZ e'khujh ,oa midj.k<br />

3-38 QkeZ ;a=hdj.k le; vkSj Je <strong>dh</strong> cpr djrk gS rFkk yEcs le; esa Qly mRiknu ykxrksa dks de djrk gS] Qly dVkbZ i'pkr~<br />

gksus okyh gkfu;ksa dks de djrk gS rFkk Qly mRiknu o QkeZ vk; dks c


QkeZ vknku ,oa izca/ku 59<br />

mÙkj izns'k esa fofuekZ.k izfØ;k esa O;kid rsth vkbZ gSA yxHkx 700&800 dEckbUl <strong>dh</strong> okf"kZd fcØh gksrh gSA VªSDVj pkfyr dEckbZu<br />

gkosZLVj ftl<strong>dh</strong> ykxr lsYQ izksisYM dEckbZu dk dsoy 25&30 izfr'kr gh gS] iatkc ds fofuekZrvksa }kjk ,d vPNk vfHkuo iz;kl<br />

jgk gS( vkSj fdlku bl e'khu dks O;fDrxr :i ls [kjhn ldrs gSaA lsYQ izksisYM dEckbZUl dk LokfeRo cM+s Lrj ij dLVe gk;fjax<br />

dkUVªSDVlZ }kjk fd;k tkrk gSaA miLdj fofuekZ.k dk eku<strong>dh</strong>dj.k vkSj xq.koÙkk eq[;r;k chvkbZ,l }kjk lqfuf'pr <strong>dh</strong> tkrh gS rFkk<br />

d`f"k e'khujh ij 500 ls vf/kd ekud fu/kkZfjr gSaA lkrosa n'kd ds vkjEHk ls d`f"k izpkyuksa gsrq mtkZ ds fofHkUu lzksrksa ds rqyukRed<br />

fgLls lajpuk esa egRoiw.kZ ifjorZu gq, gSa tSlk fd lkj.kh 3-6 ls ns[kk tk ldrk gSA ,d v/;;u ¼flag ,V ,yñ½] ds vuqlkj d`f"k<br />

dkexkjksa rFkk Hkkjokgh i'kqvksa dk 'ks;j 1971&72 ds 63-5 izfr'kr ls de gksdj 2009&10 esa 13-67 izfr'kr gks x;k gS tcfd VªSDVjksa]<br />

ikoj fVyjksa vkSj Mhty batuksa rFkk fo|qr eksVjksa ds laca/k esa ;g blh vof/k ds nkSjku 36-51 izfr'kr ls c


60 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

3-43 jkT; vkSj dsUnzh; ljdkj ds lqlagr iz;klksa ls Hkwfe rS;kj djus vFkok tqrkbZ] gkosZfLVax vkSj pkoy izR;kjksi.k esa ;a=hdj.k dks<br />

vf/kd ek=k esa viuk;k tkuk ns[kk x;k gSA Øfed :i ls yksdfiz; gks jgs dqN d`f"k midj.kksa@QkeZ e'khujh fp= 3-2 esa n'kkZbZ xbZ gSA<br />

vkd`fr 3-2 yksdfiz; d`f"k midj.k<br />

¼d½ efgyk vuqdwy jhij de ckbZUMj<br />

¼³½ ¼³½ ystj y®M y®M ysoyj<br />

¼[k½ dEckbZu gkosZLVj<br />

¼x½ VªSDVj pkfyr ¼d½ cht efgyk lg vuqdwy moZjd fMªy jhij de ckbZUMj ¼è½ lHkh ds fy, vuqdwy pkoy VªkUlIykUVj


QkeZ vknku ,oa izca/ku 61<br />

pqukSfr;ka<br />

3-44 Hkkjr esa d`f"k ;a=hdj.k us fiNys nks n'kdksa esa 5 izfr'kr ls Hkh de dk vR;Yi fodkl nj n'kdksa dk izkIr fd;kA ns'k esa d`f"k<br />

gsrq vkSlr fctyh miyC/krk phu] dksfj;k tSls vU; ns'kksa <strong>dh</strong> rqyuk esa fuEu Lrj ij gSA Hkkjr esa d`f"k ;a=hdj.k vHkh Hkh izkjfEHkd<br />

pj.kksa esa gSA gky ds o"kks± esa d`f"k dk;ks± gsrq Jfedksa esa Hkkjh deh dks ns[krs gq, d`f"k ;a=hdj.k ,d vko';drk cu xbZ gSA<br />

3-45 Hkwfe dks rS;kj djus rFkk dVkbZ tSls dk;ks± esa NksVs vkSj nwjLFk Hkwfe lewgksa dk ;a=hdj.k ^^iSekus <strong>dh</strong> vFkZO;oLFkk** ds izfrdwy<br />

gSA [ksrksa ds vkSlr vkdkj esa yxkrkj deh gksus ds dkj.k vf/kd ls vf/kd [ksr izfrdwy Js.kh esa vk tk,axs ftlds dkj.k d`f"k<br />

e'khujh dk ,dy LokfeRo yxkrkj vf/kd [kphZyk gks tk,xkA lkFk gh d`f"k ;a=hdj.k iwath xgu gS] vr% ;g NksVs vkSj lhekUr<br />

fdlkuksa <strong>dh</strong> igqap ds ckgj gSA dLVe gk;fjax dsUnz bldk fodYi gks ldrk gSA fdarq bu dsUnzksa ds fy, dq'ky ifjpkyu gsrq U;wure<br />

iSekus <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gksxh D;ksafd ;g dk;Zdyki iwath xgu gSA d`f"k laca/kh ekaxksa ds ekSleh Lo:i ds dkj.k de ifjlEifÙk mi;ksx<br />

ds dkj.k mu<strong>dh</strong> vf/kd ijkjksg.k vof/k gSA<br />

3-46 ^^vfuf'pr ekax** vkSj vifjiDo e.Mh ds dkj.k vf/kd tksf[ke us bl {ks= esa izos'k gsrq dq'ky O;olk; laLFkkvksa dks jksd<br />

fn;k gSA bu dsUnzksa <strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk ds bPNqd izFke ih


62 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

3-50 Hkkjr esa d`f"k ;a=hdj.k ds Rofjr vkSj xgu fodkl gsrq fe'ku esa fuEufyf[kr ?kVdksa ij fopkj fd;k x;k%<br />

• izf'k{k.k] ijh{k.k vkSj izn'kZu ds tfj;s d`f"k ;a=hdj.k dk lao)Zu vkSj lqn`


QkeZ vknku ,oa izca/ku 63<br />

etnwj vkSj d`f"k etnwjh<br />

3-55 vf[ky <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; Lrj ij yxHkx 60 izfr'kr xzkeh.k Jfed cy rFkk 45 izfr'kr 'kgjh Je cy vius jkstxkj esa gSA xzkeh.k<br />

fngkM+h etnwj Hkkjr esa dqy dk;Z cy dk ,dy lcls cM+k Hkkx gSaA d`f"k dk;Z esa yxs gq, vf/kdrj dkexkj cgqr gh vYi jkstxkj<br />

esa gSa rFkk mu<strong>dh</strong> vk; dk Lrj cgqr gh fuEu gSA d`f"k etnwjh xzkeh.k Hkkjr esa etnwjksa ds dY;k.k dks izfrcaf/kr djrh gSA vr% xzkeh.k<br />

d`f"k etnwjh nj dks u dsoy d`f"k Jfedksa vfirq lexz xzkeh.k vkcknh ds vkfFkZd dY;k.k ds lokZf/kd etcwr ladsrdksa esa ls ,d<br />

ds :i esa le>k tkrk gSA<br />

3-56 d`f"k ,d etnwjh xgu dk;Zdyki gSA [ksrh vkadM+ksa <strong>dh</strong> ykxr ;g iznf'kZr djrh gS fd etnwjh vf/kdrj ekeyksa esa mRiknu <strong>dh</strong><br />

dqy ifjorZuh; ykxr ds 40 izfr'kr ls vf/kd gSA vr% d`f"k mRiknu dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy, d`f"k esa dk;Z ds fy, etnwjksa <strong>dh</strong><br />

miyC/krk egRoiw.kZ gSA d`f"k vkSj xSj d`f"k {ks=ksa esa fngkM+h etnwjksa <strong>dh</strong> etnwjh Lrj dks c


64 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

ls c


QkeZ vknku ,oa izca/ku 65<br />

3-64 bl {ks= esa eq[; pqukSfr;ksa esa ls ,d fdlkuksa gsrq le; ij vkSj i;kZIr _.k dk izko/kku lqfuf'pr djuk jgk gSA Hkkjr ljdkj<br />

}kjk 1999 esa fopkj <strong>dh</strong> xbZ uohu j.kuhfr us fdlku ds ØsfMV dkMZ dk l`tu fd;k gS] ftlds tfj;s fdlku cSadksa ls Qlyksa gsrq y?kq<br />

vkof/kd _.k izkIr dj ldrs gSaA ;g L<strong>dh</strong>e <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; fjtoZ cSad rFkk jk"Vªh; d`f"k vkSj xzkeh.k fodkl cSad ds ijke'kZ ls 'kq: <strong>dh</strong> xbZ<br />

rFkk vDrwcj] 2011 ds vUr rd iwjs ns'k esa ik= fdlkuksa dks 10-78 djksM+ fdlku ØsfMV dkMZ tkjh fd;s x;sA lHkh lgdkjh cSadksa]<br />

vuqlwfpr okf.kfT;d cSadksa vkSj {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSadksa dks okf"kZd y{; fn;s x;s rFkk izR;sd pj.k ij ukckMZ }kjk mu<strong>dh</strong> izxfr dk<br />

ekWfuVju fd;k x;kA<br />

3-65 fdlku ØsfMV dkMZ mRiknu _.k vko';drkvksa] [ksrh ds [kpks± rFkk fdlkuksa ds vkikrdkyhu Qlyksa dks iwjk djus ds fy;s<br />

fudkyus vkSj pqdrk djus ;k pqdkus ds lkFk pØh; udn _.k lqfo/kk gSA gky gh esa cSadksa esa bl L<strong>dh</strong>e ds tfj;s i'kq&iztuu vkSj<br />

dqDdqV ikyu tSls vU; dk;Zdyki ds fy;s dk;Z'khy iwath vko';drkvksa ds fy;s Hkh _.k nsuk 'kq: fd;sA izR;sd fdlku dks<br />

iklcqd fn;k tkrk gS rFkk _.k lhek eatwj <strong>dh</strong> tkrh gS ftlesa muds dk;Z fu"iknu vkSj iquHkqZxrku ds vk/kkj ij la'kks/ku fd;k tk<br />

ldrk gS vkSj muds rFkk cSad ds chp dk;Zdkjh laca/k j[kk tk ldrk gSA tcfd lafØ;kxr tksrksa] Qly izfreku rFkk ifjpkyu ds<br />

iSekus ds vk/kkj ij _.k fu/kkZfjr fd;k tkrk gS rFkkfi _.kh ds iwjs o"kZ <strong>dh</strong> _.k vko';drk dk /;ku j[kk tkrk gS rFkk izR;sd dkMZ<br />

5 o"kZ rd oS/k gSA U;wure dkxth dkjZokbZ rFkk fuf/k;ksa dks fudkyus ds fy;s izys[ku ds ljyhdj.k ds lkFk u dsoy _.k <strong>dh</strong><br />

miyC/krk dks ljy cuk;k x;k gS vfirq iz.kkyh dks Hkh ifjpkfyr djus ds fy;s rFkk fdlkuksa dks ;g fu.kZ; ysus ds fy;s i;kZIr<br />

Lora=rk nh xbZ gS fd os fdl izdkj vius _.k dk mi;ksx djsaA dkMZ esa ukeek= ds izhfe;e ij chek doj Hkh fn;k x;k gSA<br />

3-66 L<strong>dh</strong>e ds fØ;kUo;u ls d`f"k {ks= gsrq _.k izokg esa o`f) gqbZ gS rFkk y?kq vkof/kd vko';drkvksa ds fy;s vukSipkfjud {ks=<br />

ls m/kkj ysus esa i;kZIr deh vkbZ gSA dk;ZØe ls fdlkuksa vkSj cSadjksa nksuksa dks ykHk feyk gS D;ksafd le; rFkk _.k forj.k esa i;kZIr<br />

cpr gqbZ gS] dkjksckj ykxrksa esa deh vkbZ gS] csgrj olwyh gqbZ gS rFkk cSad <strong>dh</strong> 'kk[kkvksa ds dk;ZHkkj esa deh vkbZ gS rFkkfi de _.k<br />

lhekvksa <strong>dh</strong> eatwjh chek laca/kh fo'ks"krkvksa ds ckjs esa tkx:drk dk de Lrj rFkk udn _.k lqfo/kk ds ctk; vkof/kd _.k<br />

lqfo/kk ds :i esa dkMZ dks ekuus <strong>dh</strong> izo`fÙk vHkh Hkh fpUrk ds {ks= gSaA<br />

3-67 cSadksa us vc dkMZ ,Vh,e dks vuq:i cukus] fpi vk/kkfjr LekVZ dkMZ dks tkjh djus esa dkMZ <strong>dh</strong> fo'ks"krkvksa dks c


66 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

ebZ 2011 ds vuqlkj 53]026 izkFkfed d`f"k _.k lfefr;ksa ¼ih,lbZ,l½ ds iqu% iathdj.k gsrq Hkkjr ljdkj ds va'k ds :i esa ukckMZ<br />

}kjk 8993-01 djksM+ #i;s <strong>dh</strong> /kujkf'k fueqZDr <strong>dh</strong> xbZA<br />

3-69 Hkkjr ljdkj <strong>dh</strong> d`f"k _.k ekQh vkSj _.k jkgr L<strong>dh</strong>e 2008 dk mn~ns'; _.k <strong>dh</strong> mu ck/kkvksa dks gVkuk Fkk tks fdlkuksa ij<br />

_.k ds cks> ds dkj.k _.k ysus esa vlqfo/kk gksxh rFkk bu fdlkuksa dks u;s _.k dk ik= cukuk FkkA fdlkuksa dks 1 vizSy] 1997 ls<br />

31 ekpZ 2007 ds chp lkoZtfud {ks=ksa ds cSadksa] futh {ks= ds cSadksa] lgdkjh cSadksa LFkkuh; {ks= ds cSadksa vkSj {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSadksa<br />

}kjk forfjr lHkh d`f"k _.k tks 31 fnlEcj] 2007 <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong> ds vuqlkj vfrns; gS rFkk 28 Qjojh] 2008 rd Hkqxrku ugha fd;k<br />

x;k gks _.k ekQh] _.k jkgr ds ik= gSaA lhekUr fdlkuksa ¼vFkkZr~ 1 gSDVs- rd½ tks vkSj NksVs fdlkuksa ¼1&2 gSDVs- rd½ tkS ds fy;s<br />

mu lHkh _.kksa <strong>dh</strong> iw.kZ ekQh gS tks 31 fnlEcj] 2007 rd vfrns; Fks vkSj 29 Qjojh] 2008 rd Hkqxrku ugha fd;k x;k FkkA vU;<br />

fdlkuksa ds fy;s lHkh _.k tks 31 fnlEcj] 2007 rd vfrns; Fks vkSj ftudk Hkqxrku 29 Qjojh] 2008 rd ugha fd;k x;k Fkk] ds<br />

fy;s ,d ckjxh fuiVku ¼vksVh,l L<strong>dh</strong>e½ dk izko/kku FkkA vksVh,l ds vUrxZr 'ks"k 75 izfr'kr ds Hkqxrku ij 25 izfr'kr <strong>dh</strong> NwV<br />

nh xbZ gS] Mhih,ih] MhMhih vkSj ih,e fo'ks"k jkgr iSdst ds vUrxZr doj fd;s x;s jktLo ftyksa ds ekeys esa vU; fdlkuksa dks ik=<br />

jkf'k dk 25 izfr'kr vFkok 20 gtkj #i;s tks Hkh vf/kd gks vksVh,l jkgr nh xbZA og Hkh bl 'krZ ij fd fdlku 'ks"k ik= jkf'k dk<br />

Hkqxrku djrs gSaA L<strong>dh</strong>e dk _.k ekQh Hkkx 30 twu 2008 dks cUn dj fn;k x;kA<br />

3-70 vuafre vkadM+s ds vuqlkj dqy 3-01 djksM+ NksVs vkSj lhekUr fdlku rFkk 67 yk[k vU; fdlku 65]318-33 djksM+ #ñ <strong>dh</strong><br />

_.kekQh vkSj _.kjkgr L<strong>dh</strong>e ls ykHkkfUor gq, gSaA blds eqdkcys fn'kk funsZ'kksa esa vuqer lekos'ku vkSj cfgjos'ku ds ckn ljdkj<br />

ls izfriwfrZ gsrq ik= nkoksa <strong>dh</strong> dqy jde mi;qZDr vkadM+s ls yxHkx 15 izfr'kr de gksus <strong>dh</strong> vk'kk gS D;ksafd _.knkrk laLFkkvksa dks u<br />

rks dsUnzh; ljdkj ls nkok djuk Fkk vkSj u fdlkuksa ls olwyh dj yh FkhA mnkgj.k ds fy;s% 1&ewy/ku ls vf/kd C;kt 2&viz;qDr<br />

C;kt 3&nkf.Md C;kt 4&fof/kd izHkko 5&fujh{k.k izHkkj 6&fofo/k izHkkjA<br />

3-71 ljdkj }kjk fd, x, fofHkUu iz;klksa ds QyLo:i [kkl dj 2000&01 ds ckn d`f"k {ks=ksa gsrq laLFkkxr _.k esa dkQh o`f)<br />

ntZ <strong>dh</strong> x;h gSA y?kq vkof/kd laLFkkxr _.k us o"kZ 2005&06 ds nkSjku d`f"k ds nkSjku d`f"k esa iz;qDr vknkuksa <strong>dh</strong> dqy ykxr ¼etnwjh<br />

dks NksM+dj½ <strong>dh</strong> yxHkx nks frgkbZ iwjh <strong>dh</strong>A blh o"kZ ds nkSjku mRiknu _.k dk Lrj d`f"k mRiknu ds ewY; ls 15 izfr'kr c


QkeZ vknku ,oa izca/ku 67<br />

3-72 [kjhQ 2006&07 ls fdlku 7 izfr'kr C;kt nj ij 3 yk[k #ñ ewy/ku rd Qly _.k izkIr dj jgs gSaA o"kZ 2010&11 ds nkSjku<br />

ljdkj us mu fdlkuksa tks vuqlwph ds vuqlkj viuk y?kq vkof/kd Qly _.k pqdrk djrs gSa ds fy;s izksRlkgu ds :i esa nks izfr'kr<br />

vfrfjDr C;kt NwV nh x;h gSA ljdkj us 2011&<strong>12</strong> ls Qly _.k le; ij pqdkus ds fy, bl NwV dks nks izfr'kr ls c


68 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

27 izfr'kr d`"kd ifjokjksa us vkSipkfjd òkksrksa ls _.k fy;k tcfd 22 izfr'kr us vukSipkfjd òkksrksa ls _.k fy;kA 'ks"k ifjokj ftlesa<br />

eq[;r% NksVs vkSj lhekUr fdlku 'kkfey gSa] ds ikl cdk;k _.k ugha gSA laLFkkxr foÙkh; iz.kkyh ls NksVs vkSj lhekUr fdlkuksa ds cM+s<br />

oxZ ds foÙkh; ofgjos'ku ls jksdus ds fy, mik; djus <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA jkT;ksa ds Hkhrj Hkh fodflr {ks=ksa dks _.k izokg esa cgqr<br />

vf/kd varj gSA vYi fodflr ftyksa vkSj {ks=ksa <strong>dh</strong> rqyuk esa 'kgjh dsUnzksa ds fudV ds {ks=ksa <strong>dh</strong> okLrfod volajpuk rd vf/kd<br />

igqap gSA ns'k esa le;&le; ij 'kq: <strong>dh</strong> x;h fofHkUu d`f"k chek ;kstukvksa ds ckotwn bUgksaus lhfer :i esa dk;Z fd;k gSA {ks=]<br />

fdlkuksa <strong>dh</strong> la[;k vkSj d`f"k mRiknu ds ewY; ds laca/k esa dojst cgqr de gS vkSj vf/kdrj L<strong>dh</strong>eksa dks vHkh Hkh viuh mi;ksfxrk<br />

fl) djuh gSA<br />

vkxs <strong>dh</strong> j.kuhfr<br />

3-78 laLFkkxr _.k rd igqap c


v/;k;&4<br />

d`f"k mRiknu vkSj dk;ZØe<br />

4-1 lHkh yksxksa ds fy, [kkn~; lqj{kk izkIr djus gsrq d`f"k mRiknu c


70 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

vknrksa us ckxokuh mRiknksa <strong>dh</strong> ekax esa o`f) <strong>dh</strong> gSA Qyksa lfCt;ksa vkSj iq"iksa ls {ks= <strong>dh</strong> izfr ;wfuV ldy mRiknu vf/kdrj vU; Qly<br />

lewgksa ls dkQh vf/kd gSA fiNys n'kd ds nkSjku NksVs fdlkuksa <strong>dh</strong> tksrksa us Hkh ckxokuh {ks= ds fodkl esa Qly fofo/khdj.k dks<br />

ljy cuk;k gSA ckxokuh esa fo'kky o`f) {kerk us uohu ekWMyksa dks fodflr djds [ksr ls Hkkstu rd dks tksM+rs gq, bl {ks= esa mn~;e<br />

yxkus ds fy, dkiksZjsV ?kjkuksa dks vkdf"kZr fd;k gSA i'kq/ku vkSj eNyhikyu [kk| vkiwfrZ iz.kkyh dk vfHkUu vax gS bu ij v/;k;<br />

lkr esa vyx ls ppkZ <strong>dh</strong> tk,xhA<br />

[kk|kUu<br />

4-5 nloha ;kstuk ds vUr rd Hkkjr 217-28 fefy;u ehñVu dk dqy [kk|kUu mRiknu izkIr dj ldkA yxkrkj pkj o"kks± 2005&06<br />

ls 2008&09 esa ekulwu ds vPNs dk;Z fu"iknu] lao)ZukRed iz;klksa] ykHkizn ewY; uhfr leFkZu ds ifj.kkeLo:i [kk|kUu mRiknu<br />

esa o`f) dk #[k Fkk rFkk ;g 2008&09 esa 234-47 fefy;u ehñVu ds fjdkMZ ij igqap x;kA o"kZ 2009&10 esa ns'k ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa<br />

esa Hk;adj lw[ks ds dkj.k dqy [kk|kUu mRiknu rsth ls ?kVdj 218-11 fefy;u ehñVu gks x;k rFkkfi o"kZ 2010&11 ds nkSjku [kk|kUu<br />

mRiknu 244-78 fefy;u ehñVu vkSj o"kZ 2011&<strong>12</strong> esa f}rh; vfxze vuqeku ds vuqlkj mRikn 250-42 fe Vu gks x;k tks vc rd<br />

dk lokZf/kd gSA o"kZ 2010&11 esa fjdkMZ mRiknu djus esa mRd`"V dk;Z djus dks ekU;rk nsus ds fy, jkT;ksa dks d`f"k deZ.k iqjLdkj<br />

fn, x, ¼ckDl 4-1½A<br />

ckDl 4-1 d`f"k deZu iqjLdkj<br />

d`f"k deZ.k iqjLdkjksa ds tfj, o"kZ 2010&11 ds fy, d`f"k ea=ky; }kjk [kk|kUkksa dk lokZf/kd mRiknu izkIr djus gsrq jkT; ljdkjksa <strong>dh</strong><br />

igpku <strong>dh</strong> x;hA ;s iqjLdkj fofHkUu Jsf.k;ksa & cM+s] e/;e vkSj NksVs jkT;ksa gsrq dqy mRiknu] xsgwa] pkoy] eksVs vukt vkSj nygu esa d`f"k<br />

ea=ky; }kjk igyh ckj 'kq: fd, x,A blesa uxn iqjLdkj] VªkQh vkSj iz'kalki= 'kkfey gSaA Hkkjr ds ekuuh; iz/kkuea=h }kjk 16 tqykbZ]<br />

2011 dks fuEufyf[kr iqjLdkj fn, x,A<br />

dqy [kk|kUu mRiknu gsrq d`f"k deZ.k iqjLdkj<br />

cM+h Js.kh ds jkT; & iatkc vkSj mÙkj izns'k<br />

e/;e Js.kh ds jkT; & mM+hlk vkSj vle<br />

NksVh Js.kh ds jkT; & f=iqjk<br />

pkoy Qly gsrq d`f"k deZ.k ,okMZ & NÙkhlx


d`f"k mRiknu vkSj dk;ZØe 71<br />

vkd`fr& 4-1 eq[; pkoy mRiknd ftys<br />

pkoy


72 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

99-18 fefy;u ehñVu ds fjdkMZ Lrj ij igqap x;kA pkoy dk mRiknu] tks nh?kkZof/kd lw[ks ds dkj.k o"kZ 2009&10 esa 89-09<br />

fefy;u ehñVu gks x;k Fkk og o"kZ 2011&<strong>12</strong> esa c


d`f"k mRiknu vkSj dk;ZØe 73<br />

fp=& 4-2 eq[; xsgwa mRiknd ftys<br />

xsgwa


74 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

eksVs vukt<br />

4-9 eksVs vuktksa ds varxZr o"kZ 2004&05 esa 29-03 fefy;u gSDVs;j ls {ks= dojst ?kVdj o"kZ 2011&<strong>12</strong> esa 26-76 fefy;u gSDVs;j<br />

gks x;k gSA rFkkfi] eksVs vuktksa <strong>dh</strong> mRikndk o"kZ 2004&05 esa 1153 fdyksxzke@gSDVsñ ls iz;kZIr :i ls c


d`f"k mRiknu vkSj dk;ZØe 75<br />

vjgj vkSj puk ds 72 ,3ih ;wfuVksa esa lapkfyr jk"Vªh; lesfdr uk'kdtho izca/ku dsUæ ¼,ulhvkbZih,e½ ds bZ&isLV fuxjkuh dk;ZØe]<br />

eq[; uk'kdthoksa vkSj jksxksa ds fu;a=.k esa lQy jgk gSA vU; ,ddksa esa Hkh jkT;ksa }kjk ;gh ekWMy viuk;k x;k gSA<br />

nygu mRiknd eq[; jkT;ksa esa p;fur iu/kkjk {ks=ksa esa nygu mRiknu c


76 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

frygu<br />

4-15 frygu ds varxZr o"kZ 2004&05 esa 27-2 fefy;u gSDVs;j ls {ks= dojst cgqr de ?kVdj o"kZ 2011&<strong>12</strong> esa 27-00 fefy;u<br />

gSDVs;j gks x;k gSA rFkkfi] frygu 2004&05 esa 885 fdyksxzke@gSDVsñ ls mRikndrk iz;kZIr :i ls c


d`f"k mRiknu vkSj dk;ZØe 77<br />

Qly {ks= esa igy@dk;ZØe<br />

4-19 o"kZ 2004&05 ls Qly {ks= esa 5 ySx'khi dk;ZØe rFkk ckxokuh {ks= esa 2 ySx'khi dk;ZØe ds tfj, mRiknu c


78 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

4-22 o"kZ 2007&08 ls blds dk;kZUo;u ds pkj o"kksZa ds nkSjku 5-33 yk[k izn'kZuksa] pkoy xguhdj.k iz.kkyh ij 68]853 izn'kZuksa]<br />

ladj pkoy ij 36]554 izn'kZuksa] pkoy] xsgaw] nYgu rFkk ladj pkoy <strong>dh</strong> vf/kd mit nsus okyh fdLeksa ds 130-27 yk[k fDoaVy<br />

chtksa ds forj.k] ty cpr lk/kuksa lfgr 28-4 yk[k mUur d`f"k e'khujh] e`nk lq/kkjdksa ¼ftIle@ykbZe@lw{e iks"kd rRoksa½ ds lkFk<br />

97-74 yk[k gSDVs;j {ks= ds mipkj rFkk vkbZih,e i)fr;ksa ds vUrxZr 37-36 yk[k gSDVs;j ds ek/;e ls ubZ d`f"k i)fr;ksa ds mi;ksx<br />

ds lEcU/k esa ,u,Q,l,e ds vUrxZr egRoiw.kZ miyfC/k;ka ntZ <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSaA QkeZ Lrj ij 39]741 d`"kd {ks=h; fo|ky;ksa ¼,Q,l½<br />

dk izcU/k djds fdlkuksa ds {kerk fuekZ.k dks ckj[k.M] NRrhlx


d`f"k mRiknu vkSj dk;ZØe 79<br />

nygu 14.20 14.76 14.57 14.66 18.24 17.28 o"kZ 2006&07 <strong>dh</strong> rqyuk esa<br />

3-08 fefy;u Vu dk<br />

vfrfjDr mRiknuA<br />

dqy [kkn~;kUu 217.28 230.78 234.47 218.11 244.78 250.42 o"kZ 2006&07 <strong>dh</strong> rqyuk esa<br />

33-14 fefy;u Vu dk<br />

vfrfjDr mRinkuA<br />

4-23 lh/ks fuf/k varj.k ls lefFkZr yf{kr gLr{ksiksa <strong>dh</strong> viuh etcwrh dk fuekZ.k djds rFkk etcwr ekuhVfjax


80 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

c`gn d`f"k izca/ku L<strong>dh</strong>e<br />

4-24 o`gr dqf"k izca/ku L<strong>dh</strong>e ,d dsUnzh; izk;ksftr L<strong>dh</strong>e gS tks jkT;ksa esa d`f"k ds fodkl ds fy, /;ku nsus gsrq vkSj fof'k"V m|eksa<br />

ds ek/;e ls lqfuf'pr dsUnzh; lgk;rk iznku djus ds fodYi ds lkFk o"kZ&2000&01 esa izpkfyr gqbZA L<strong>dh</strong>e lgdkfjrk ls lacafèr<br />

27 dsUnzh; izk;ksftr L<strong>dh</strong>eksa] Qly mRiknu dk;ZØeksa ¼pkoy] xsgwaw] eksVs vukt] twV xUuk ds fy,½ iu/kkjk fodkl dk;ZØeksa ¼,u<br />

MCY;w Mh ih vkj ,] vkj oh ih@,Q ih vkj½] ckxokuh] moZjdksa] e'khujh vkSj cht mRiknu dk;ZØeksa ds lkeatL; <strong>dh</strong> 'kq:vkr dj<br />

jgk gSA o"kZ 2005&06 esa jk"Vªh; ckxokuh fe'ku ¼,u ,p ,e½ <strong>dh</strong> 'kq:vkr ds lkFk bl L<strong>dh</strong>e ds ifjn`'; esa ckxokuh fodkl<br />

lkeatL; esa 10 ckxokuh fodkl dks fy;k x;k FkkA jkT; Hkw mi;ksx cksMZ ¼,l ,y ;w oh½ ls lacaf/kr ?kVdksa dks 1 vxLr] 2009 esa<br />

lekIr dj fn;k x;k gSA<br />

ckWDl 4-5 ,e ,e , L<strong>dh</strong>e <strong>dh</strong> eq[; fo'ks"krk,a<br />

xzke Qly {ks= vkSj y?kq ,ao lhekUr i.k/kkfj;ksa ds vUrxZr {ks= ij ubZ vkoaVu izfØ;k vk/kkj n~okjk ,sfrgkfld vk/kkj ij<br />

jkT;ksa@la?k 'kkflr izns'kksa dks vkoafVr fuf/k;ksa <strong>dh</strong> i)fr;ksa <strong>dh</strong> iqu% LFkkiuk <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSA jkT;ksa@la?k'kkflr izns'kksa dks 100 izfr'kr ds<br />

:i esa lgk;rk iznku <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSA<br />

d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx n~okjk lHkh L<strong>dh</strong>eksa <strong>dh</strong> dk;kZUo;u ds vUrxZr jkt lgk;rk ds leku <strong>dh</strong> izfreku cukus ds fy,<br />

jktlgk;rk lajpuk xfBr <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSA la'kksf/kr jkt lgk;rk izfreku lgk;rk <strong>dh</strong> vf/kdre mfpr lhek n'kkZrk gSA ;|fi jkT;<br />

fo|eku izfreku j[k ldrs gSa ;k izfrekuksa ds fy, dkj.k lfgr Lrj ij c


d`f"k mRiknu vkSj dk;ZØe 81<br />

d`f"k fodkl dk;Zuhfr;ksa esa vkSj X;kjgoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ds nkSjku 4 izfr'kr okf"kZd o`f) izkIr djus ds fy, <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k<br />

iqu#)kj ls u, iz;kl djus ds fy, dsUnz vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa ls dgkA bl mís'; <strong>dh</strong> izkfIr ds fy, ,u Mh lh vU; ckrksa ds lkFk<br />

X;kjgoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ds nkSjku 25]000@& djksM+ #ñ ds ,e ifjdfYir ifjO;; ds lkFk d`f"k ,ao leoxhZ {ks=ksa ds fy,<br />

,d vfrfjDr dsUnzh; lgk;rk L<strong>dh</strong>e ¼, lh ,½ ds :i esa jk"Vªh; d`f"k fodkl ;kstuk ¼vkj ds oh okbZ½ <strong>dh</strong> 'kq#vkr <strong>dh</strong> ladYi<br />

<strong>dh</strong> gSA<br />

4-27 vkj ds oh okbZ izkFkfed :i ls ,d vfHkeq[kh L<strong>dh</strong>e gSA rFkkfi] vkj ds oh okbZ xSj&ifj;kstukFkZ eksM+ esa Hkh orZeku jkT; vkSj<br />

dsUnzh; L<strong>dh</strong>eksa ij vfrfjDr ifjO;; ds fy, lgk;rk iznku djrh gSA blds vuq:i] vkj ds oh okbZ nks LVªheksa esa jkT;ksa }kjk fuf/k;ksa<br />

dk Hkh mi;ksx dj ldrk gSA<br />

LVªhe&I vkj ds oh okbZ fuf/k;ksa dk 75 izfr'kr dk U;wure mi;ksx fof'k"V ifj;kstuk@L<strong>dh</strong>eksa@dk;ZØeksa ds fy, mi;ksx fd;k tk;sxk<br />

ftls jkT; vkSj ftyk ;kstuk ds Hkkx ds :i esa vuqeksfnr fd;k x;k gSA<br />

LVªhe&II vkj ds oh okbZ fuf/k dk dqy 25 izfr'kr <strong>dh</strong> vf/kdre fuf/k orZeku jkT; {ks= L<strong>dh</strong>eksa ds lqn`


82 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

vkj ds oh okbZ ds vUrxZr iwjh 4000 ifj;kstuk,a py jgh gSaA tfVy volajpuk tSls jkT; ohu QkeZ] e`nk vkSj moZjdksa ijh{kk<br />

iz;ksx'kkykvksa] fuf/k;ksa <strong>dh</strong> #dkoV ds pj.k iwjs o"kZ oafpr jguk] ds fy, iwjs jkT;ksa dks vf/kd lgk;rk <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA vkj ds<br />

oh okbZ ds vUrxZr fdlh Hkh fof'k"V {ks= ;k mn~;eksa ds ckjs esa O;k[;k ugha <strong>dh</strong> x;h gSA jkT; mu ifj;kstukvksa dks pquus ds fy, Lora=<br />

gS mu ifj;kstuk tks muds QSlys esa d`f"k vkSj leoxhZ {ks=ksa esa o`f) lapkfyr djrk gS vkSj vkj ds oh okbZ ds mís';ksa gsrq ckaVsxkA<br />

vkj ds oh okbZ fn'kkfunsZ'k dsoy ?kVdksa@fØ;kdykiksa <strong>dh</strong> lwph ek= gks ldrs gSa] dks fu/kkZfjr jkT; 'kq: dj ldrs gSa ;g ckWDl 4-6<br />

esa fn;k x;k gSA<br />

ckWDl 4-6 vkj ds oh okbZ ds rgr /;ku fn;s x;s {ks=<br />

i- izeq[k [kkn~; Qlyksa tSls xsgwa] /kku] eksVs vukt] y?kq dnnu] nygu] frygu dk lesfdr fodklA<br />

ii- d`f"k ;a=hdj.k<br />

iii- e`nk LokLF; dks c


d`f"k mRiknu vkSj dk;ZØe 83<br />

vkj ds oh okbZ ds vUrxZr jkT;ksa n~okjk 'kq: fd, x, d`f"k dk;Zdyki ;k l`ftr voljapuk uhps n'kkZ;s x;s gSa%—<br />

vkd`fr la[;k 4-4 vkd`fr la[;k 4-5<br />

de ykxr okyk I;kt HkaMjk&egkjk"Vª d`f"k rkykc egkjk"Vª<br />

vkd`fr la[;k 4-6 vkd`fr la[;k 4-7<br />

VªkalIykUVj&rfeyukMq lqO;ofLFkr d`f"k&dsyk&rfeyukMq<br />

4-30 vkj ds oh okbZ jkT;ksa dks yphykiu nsus vkSj izkf/kdj.k iznku djrs gq, ubZ L<strong>dh</strong>eksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa dks 'kq: djus ds fy, leFkZ<br />

gSA foÙk ea=h us o"kZ 2011&<strong>12</strong> esa vius ctV Hkk"k.k esa iwohZ Hkkjr ds fy, gfjr Økafr ctfVax <strong>dh</strong> mi L<strong>dh</strong>e vkSj nygu gsrq<br />

la'kksf/kr 60]000 xkoksa ds lesfdr fodkl dks tkjh j[kus ds lkFk vkj ds oh okbZ ds Hkkx ds :i esa ikap u, fo'ks"k igyksa <strong>dh</strong> 'kq:vkr<br />

djus <strong>dh</strong> ?kks"k.kk <strong>dh</strong> gSA blds vfrfjDr o"kkZ flafpr {ks= fodkl dk;ZØe ¼vkj , Mh ih½ vkSj dslj fe'ku Hkh o"kZ 2011&<strong>12</strong> ds<br />

nkSjku vkj ds oh okbZ ds Hkkx ds :i esa dk;kZfUor fd;k tk jgk gSA o"kZ 2011&<strong>12</strong> ds nkSjku 'kgjh dyLVj ds fy, lCth 'kq:vkr]<br />

feysV lao)Zu 'kq:vkr ds ek/;e ls iks"kdrk lqj{kk ds fy, 'kq:vkr] izksVhu vkiwfrZ ds fy, jk"Vªh; fe'ku vkSj rRdky pkjk fodkl<br />

dk;ZØeksa lfgr ikap ubZ mi L<strong>dh</strong>eksa <strong>dh</strong> 'kq:vkr <strong>dh</strong> gSA dqy feykdj 2500 djksM+ #ñ ds dqy vkoaVu ds lkFk pkyw foÙkh; o"kZ esa<br />

vkj ds oh okbZ <strong>dh</strong> mi L<strong>dh</strong>eksa ds :i esa ukS fo'ks"k dk;ZØeksa vkSj L<strong>dh</strong>eksa dks fuEufyf[kr lkj.kh 4-4 esa n'kkZ;s ds vuqlkj dk;kZfUor<br />

fd;k tk,xkA


84 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

lkj.kh 4-4 vkj ds oh okbZ <strong>dh</strong> u;h mi L<strong>dh</strong>esa] 2011&<strong>12</strong><br />

Øñlañ mi L<strong>dh</strong>esa vkoaVu ¼#ñ djksM+ esa½<br />

i- iwohZ {ks= dks gfjr ØkfUr esa ykuk 400<br />

ii- o"kkZ flafpr {ks= esa 60]000 nygu xkoksa dks lesfdr fodkl 300<br />

iii- vk;y ike {ks= foLrkj ¼vk;y ike½ ij fo'ks"k dk;ZØe 300<br />

iv- 'kgjh dyLVj ¼lCth dyLVj½ ds fy, lCth igy 300<br />

v- xgu feysV lao/kZu ¼iks"kd vuktksa½ ds ek/;e ls iks"kdrk lqj{kk gsrq igy 300<br />

vi- jk"Vªh; izksVhu vkiwfrZ fe'ku ¼izksVhu vkiwfrZ½ 300<br />

vii- Rofjr pkjk fodkl dk;ZØe ¼, ,Q Mh ih½ 300<br />

viii- o"kkZ flafpr {ks= fodkl dk;ZØe ¼vkj , Mh ih½ 250<br />

ix- dslj fe'ku&tEew ,oa d'ehj dslj dk vkfFkZd iqu#)kj 50<br />

dqy 2500<br />

4-31 ukS mi&L<strong>dh</strong>eksa ds cgqr fof'k"V mís'; gSaA<br />

1- iwohZ {ks= dks gfjr ØkfUr esa ykuk% ns'k ds iwohZ {ks= esa pkoy vk/kkfjr Qlyu iz.kkyh <strong>dh</strong> mRikndrk esa lq/kkj ds fy, foLr`r<br />

izkSn~;ksfxfd;ksa ds fy, 400 djksM+ #ñ dk vkoaVu fd;k x;k gSA<br />

2- o"kkZ flafpr {ks=ksa esa 60]000 nygu xkaoksa dks lesfdr fodkl% vxys rhu o"kks± ds vUrxZr nygu ds mRiknu esa Lo n{krk izkIr<br />

djus ds fy, e.Mh lEc)ksa <strong>dh</strong> Qly mRikndrk c


d`f"k mRiknu vkSj dk;ZØe 85<br />

8- o"kkZ flafpr {ks= fodkl dk;ZØe% blds fy, 250 djksM+ #ñ dk vkoaVu fd;k x;k gSA L<strong>dh</strong>e dk izeq[k mís'; izkd`frd<br />

lalk/kuksa ij vk/kkfjr fofHkUu d`f"k iz.kkyh vkSj fdlkuksa n~okjk l`ftr o`frnku ;k L<strong>dh</strong>eksa tSls eujsxk] vkj ds oh okbZ] ,u ,p<br />

,e vkSj iu/kkjk ifj;kstuk <strong>dh</strong> laHkkoukvksa dks foLrkj :i nsuk gSA<br />

9- o"kZ 2011&<strong>12</strong> ds nkSjku 50 djksM+ #ñ ds vkoaVu ds lkFk tEew ,oa d'ehj jkT; esa dslj mRiknu dks c


86 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

frygu mRiknu dk;ZØe dk izn'kZu<br />

4-34 ukS frygu mRiknd ftlesa lkr [kkn~; frygu 'kkfey gSa ¼ewaxQyh] rksfjek ,oa ljlksa] lks;kchu] lwjteq[kh] fry] dqlqe vkSj<br />

jkefry½ vkSj nks xSj&[kkn~; frygu ¼vj.M vkSj ealwj½ ds fy, ns'k esa ifjofrZr d`f"k ikfj<strong>fLFkfr</strong><strong>dh</strong>; <strong>fLFkfr</strong> vqudwy gSA frygu dk<br />

mRiknu eq[; :i ls o"kkZ flafpr {ks=ksa esa gksrk gS tks ns'k ds 'kq"d vkSj mi&'kq"d {ks=ksa esa y?kq vkSj lhekUr fdlkuksa <strong>dh</strong> vkthfodk ds<br />

fy, egRoiw.kZ gSA u, Qly izkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds izpkyu] ,d lesfdr n`f"Vdks.k vknkuksa <strong>dh</strong> vPNh vkiwfrZ vkSj foi.ku ds fy, foLrkj<br />

lsok leFkZu vkSj dVkbZ i'pkr izkS|ksfxfd;ksa vkSj cgqr cf


d`f"k mRiknu vkSj dk;ZØe 87<br />

ewaxQyh<br />

4-37 ewaxQyh ds d`f"k dk yxHkx 86 izfr'kr {ks= [kjhQ ekSle esa ekulwu o"kkZ ij fuHkZj jgrk gSA ewaxQyh ds vUrxZr {ks= o"kZ<br />

2003&04 esa 8-13 fefy;u Vu ls c


88 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

lkj.kh 4-6 eDdk ds {ks=] mRiknu ,oa mRikndrk esa izeq[k miyfC/k;ka<br />

Ok"kZ {ks= mRiknu mit<br />

¼fefy;u gSDVs-½ ¼fefy;u Vu½ ¼fdxzk-@gSDVs-½<br />

1995&96 ¼Vh,evks½ 5-98 9-53 1595<br />

2004&05 ¼vkbZ,lvksihvks,e½ 7-43 14-17 1907<br />

2005&06 7-59 14-71 193<br />

2006&07 7-89 15-10 19<strong>12</strong><br />

2007&08 8-<strong>12</strong> 18-96 2335<br />

2008&09 8-17 19-93 2414<br />

2009&10 8-26 16-72 2024<br />

2010&11 8-55 21-73 2540<br />

2011&<strong>12</strong>¹<br />

uksV¹ f}rh; vfxze vuqeku 03-02-20<strong>12</strong> dks fueZqDr<br />

lzksr% Mh bZ ,l] Mh , lhA<br />

8-67 21-60 2492<br />

vk;yike<br />

4-40 vkW;yike&ckxku eq[; :i esa vkU/kz izns'k] dsjy] dukZVd] rfeyukMq] mM+hlk] xqtjkr] xksok] vle] f=iqjk vkSj fetksje ds<br />

jkT;ksa esa yxk, tkrs gSa o"kZ 2010&11 rd vksihMhih ds vUrxZr 189] 625 gSDVs;j dk {ks= ifj;ksftr fd, x, gSaA cgqr vf/kd<br />

vk;kr ds dkj.k ewY;ksa esa rhoz deh ds dkj.k 17-944 gSDVs;j <strong>dh</strong> foLrkj ds fy, vk;yike ckxkuksa <strong>dh</strong> jksi.k esa dqN dfBukbZ vkbZ<br />

FkhA vkW;yike ikS/k&jksi.k ds vUrxZr vHkh o"kZ 2010&11 ds vUr rd dqy 171]681 gSDVs;j vkdfyr fd;k x;k gSA o"kZ 2011&<strong>12</strong><br />

ds nkSjku vkW;yike ds vUxZr 60]000 gSDVs;j ykus ds fy, jk"Vªh; d`f"k fodkl ;kstuk ¼vkjdsohokbZ½ ds vUrxZr 300 djksM+ #i;s<br />

dk izko/kku fd;k x;k gSA vkW;yike ckxkuksa ds vUrxZr {ks= foLrkj] mn~;eksa] lgk;rk ds izfreku] vuqla/kku vkSj fodkl ?kVd]<br />

laLFkkxr laca)] ekWuhVju] vko';drk okys jkT;ksa esa izfØ;k lqfo/kk l`tu ds fy, igyksa ds fy, fof'k"V y{; jkT;ksa <strong>dh</strong> dk;Zuhfr<br />

n'kkZus ds fy, vkW;yike ds pkj ls ikap o"kks± ds mRiknu ls o`f) ds fy, jkT;ksa dks fof'k"Vrk nh xbZ gSA vkW;yike d`f"k ds varxZr<br />

{ks= dks foLrkj nsus ds iz;kl fd, tk jgs gSA ftlls [kkn~; rsyksa <strong>dh</strong> ?kjsyw mRiknu esa o`f) gqbZ gSA blds vykok d`f"k ,ao lgdkfjrk<br />

foHkkx u, L<strong>dh</strong>e vkjdsohokbZ ds vkW;yike {ks= foLrkj ¼vks ih , bZ½ izpkfyr dj jgk gSA vks ih , bZ o"kZ 2011&<strong>12</strong> esa vkB jkT;ksa<br />

esa dk;kZfUor <strong>dh</strong> tk jgh gSA<br />

d`f"k ifj;kstukvksa ds fy, foÙk vk;ksx n~okjk vuqnku<br />

4-41 rsjgosa foÙk vk;ksx us lhekUr {ks=ksa ;k lewgksa <strong>dh</strong> vko';drkvksa] ckWMZj {ks=ksa esa volajpuk ds fy, izko/kku] ,sfrgkfld ;k<br />

iqjkrkfRod ewY;ksa ds fuf'pr Lekjdksa dk laj{k.k] lqjf{kr is;ty dk izko/kku] LokLF; ds fy, tfVy volajpuk esa [kkbZ dks Hkjuk]<br />

cPpksa ij /;ku nsus lfgr vkSj n{krkow.kZ lao)Zu vkSj iqfyl ls lacaf/kr vko';drkvksa ds iz'keu ds fy, jkT; fof'k"V vuqnku<br />

¼,l,elh½ <strong>dh</strong> flQkfj'k <strong>dh</strong> gSA d`f"k {ks=ksa ds fy, vk;ksx us vkB jkT;ksa uker% vkU/kz izns'k] v#.kkpy izns'k] xqtjkr] tEew ,oa<br />

d'ehj] es?kky;] ukxkyS.M] mM+hlk vkSj mÙkj izns'k ds fy, dqy 754 djksM+ #ñ ds vuqnku <strong>dh</strong> flQkfj'k <strong>dh</strong> gSA C;kSjk rkfydk<br />

4-7 esa fn;k x;k gSA


d`f"k mRiknu vkSj dk;ZØe 89<br />

lkj.kh 4-7 d`f"k {ks= gsrq rsjgoh foÙk vk;ksx n~okjk laLrqr vuqnku<br />

Øñ lañ jkT;ksa ds uke jkf'k L<strong>dh</strong>e dk lkj<br />

¼djksM #ñ½<br />

1 vkU/kz izns'k 100 iqjkuh e'khujh] u, izfØ;k iznku djus ds fy, vkSj Hk.Mkj.k lqfo/kkvksa vkfn <strong>dh</strong><br />

iqu% LFkkiu n~okjk chtksa <strong>dh</strong> mRiknu o`f) ds fy,<br />

2 v#.kkpy izns'k 15 ihMh,l ds fy, lqfuf'pr ifjogu vkSj vko';d lkefxz;ksa ds Hk.Mkj.k gsrq<br />

mfpr LFkkuksa ij lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh ¼ihMh,l½ xksnkeksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy,<br />

3 xqtjkr 150 600 ls vf/kd rVh; xkaoksa esa Hkwfe izHkkfor ds 10-69 yk[k gSDVs;j esa yo.krk ds<br />

vkus <strong>dh</strong> leL;k ds iz'keu ds fy,A<br />

4 tEew ,oa d'ehj 15 ysg [kyLrh vkSj uwcjk] vuktksa ds Hk.Mkj.k ds fy, xksnkeksa ds fuekZ.k ds en esa]<br />

lCth foØsrkvksa <strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk djuk vkSj izlaLdj.k bdkb;ksa dks c


90 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

djus ds fy, 387 fefy;u ,DlMhvkj <strong>dh</strong> dqy vkbZMh, _.k 'kkfey gSA 184-43 fefy;u ,DlMhvkj <strong>dh</strong> dqy vDrwcj 2011 rd<br />

ikap pkyw ifj;kstuk,a mu<strong>dh</strong> 'kq#vkr ls] ds fy, vkbZMh, _.k lgk;rk dk lap;h fudklh gSa] ftlesa ls yxHkx 47-66 izfr'kr dqy<br />

vkbZMh, _.k ds fy, lafpr gSA bu ifj;sktukvksa dk C;kSjk rkfydk 4-8 esa fn;k x;k gSA<br />

lkj.kh 4-8 fo'o cSad lgk;rk izkIr d`f"k ifj;kstuk,a<br />

Øñ lañ doj <strong>dh</strong> xbZ dk;Z <strong>dh</strong> ykxw dk;Z <strong>dh</strong> lekfIr vkbZMh, _.k vDrwcj 2011 rd<br />

ifj;kstuk,a@jkT; gksus <strong>dh</strong> rkjh[k <strong>dh</strong> rkjh[k fo'o cSad lgk;rk igys<br />

gh mi;ksx fd;k x;k@<br />

miyC/k<br />

¼fefy;u ¼vkbZMh, _.k fefy;u<br />

,DlMhvkj,l esa½ ,DlMhvkj,l esa½<br />

1 vle d`f"k izfrLi/kkZ 14-01-2005 15-03-20<strong>12</strong> 105-00 83-01<br />

ifj;kstuk ¼79-06½*<br />

2 mÙkjk[k.M fodsUnzhd`r 30-07-2004 31-03-20<strong>12</strong> 47-40 46-27<br />

ty 'kSM fodkl ¼97-62½*<br />

ifj;kstuk ¼#½<br />

3 fgekpy izns'k e/; 19-01-2006 31-03-2013 41-40 33-37<br />

fgeky;u iu/kkjk ¼80-61½*<br />

fodkl ifj;kstuk<br />

4 mÙkj izns'k {kkjh; 20-07-2009 31-<strong>12</strong>-2015 <strong>12</strong>7-30 18-11<br />

Hkwfe lq/kkj ifj;kstuk-III ¼14-22½*<br />

5 egkjk"Vª d`f"k 02-11-2010 31-<strong>12</strong>-2016 65-90 3-67<br />

izfrLi/kkZ ifj;kstuk ¼5-57½*<br />

;ksx ¼1 ls 5½ 387-00 184-43<br />

¼43-66a½<br />

uksV% ,DlMhvkj = fo'ks"k MªkWbZx jkbZV~l] vkbZMh, = vUrjkZ"Vªh; fodkl ,tsUlhA<br />

*_.k jkf'k <strong>dh</strong> rqyuk esa izfr'kr mi;ksx<br />

# ifj;kstuk 5-10 fefy;u ,DlMhvkj #ñ <strong>dh</strong> vfrfjDr foÙk iks"k.k ds lkFk Hkh vuqeksfnr <strong>dh</strong> xbZ Fkh vkSj vDrwcj 2011 rd 1-18 ,DlMhvkj fefy;u<br />

izfriwfrZ <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSA<br />

Lkzksr% vkfFkZd ekeys foHkkx ds ys[kk vkSj ys[kk ijhf{kr vuqnku dk fu;a=.kA<br />

vUrjkZ"Vªh; d`f"k fodkl fuf/k ¼vkbZ,Q,Mh½<br />

4-45 orZeku esa ;g foHkkx ,d vkbZ,Q,Mh d`f"k lgk;rk ifj;kstuk ;Fkk&^egkjk"Vª ds leL;kxzLr ftyksa esa d`f"k m|eksa dk laj{k.k*<br />

dk;kZfUor dj jgk gSA ;g ifj;kstuk 30 flrEcj] 2009 ls _.k izHkko esa vk; vkSj 30 twu 2018 rd blh izdkj pyrk jgkA<br />

ifj;kstuk ds ikl o"kZ vDrwcj 2011 rd 26-82 fefy;u ,Dl Mh vkj <strong>dh</strong> lgk;rk gSA vkbZ ,Q , Mh ds ikl _.k jkf'k dk<br />

1-67 fefy;u ,DlMhvkj fefy;u :ñ 6-24 izfr'kr <strong>dh</strong> jkf'k ifj;kstuk ds fy, izfriwfjr gSA


d`f"k mRiknu vkSj dk;ZØe 91<br />

tkiku vUrjkZ"Vªh; lg;ksx ,tsUlh<br />

4-46 17 Qjojh ls ykxw 5001 fefy;u ;su <strong>dh</strong> lgk;rk tkiku vUrjkZ"Vªh; lg;ksx ,tsalh ¼tsvkbZlh,½ ds lkFk ^fgekpy izns'k<br />

Qly fofo/khdj.k lao)Zu ifj;kstuk* dk;kZfUor <strong>dh</strong> tk jgh gSA<br />

teZu rduh<strong>dh</strong> lg;ksx<br />

4-47 orZeku esa ;g foHkkx teZu rduh<strong>dh</strong> lg;ksx ¼thvkbZtsM½ uker* fodsUnzhdj.k iu/kkjk fodkl ds fy, lqn`


92 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

lw[ks] d`fe vkSj <strong>dh</strong>V lg~l ladj izfrjks/kh vkSj fofHkUu d`f"k tyok;q {ks=ksa gsrq mfpr fdLeksa <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA<br />

lalk/ku foghu fdlkuksa <strong>dh</strong> ;ksX;rk ds fy, vPNs xq.koÙkkizn chtksa] moZjdksa] uk'kdthoekjks vkSj QQwanekjd vkfn fn, tkus<br />

gsrq fopkjkFkZA<br />

nwjLFk vkSj fiNM+s {ks=ksa esa ijEijkxr d`f"k iz.kkfy;ksa <strong>dh</strong> lrrrkA<br />

frygu<br />

dqN {ks=ksa vkSj jkT;ksa esa [kjhQ ekSle esa yEcs le; rd lw[kk iM+us ds dkj.k] <strong>dh</strong>V d`fe ls xzLrrk vkSj vU; fofHkUu dkjdksa<br />

vlkekU; ds dkj.k frygu ds mRiknu vkSj mRikndrk esa cgqr vf/kd mrkj&p


d`f"k mRiknu vkSj dk;ZØe 93<br />

blds vfrfjDr fdlkuksa ds fy, nSfud izkFkfedrk vkSj mPp vk; izkfIr ds fy;s d`f"k&vko';drk esa ifjorZu fd;k tk;sA<br />

izR;sd jkT; ds fy, ,lvkjvkj lEc) cht mRiknu fodkl gksuk pkfg,A cht ;kstuk dks d`f"k funs'kd ds v/khu LFkkfir<br />

jkT; cht lfefr }kjk dk;kZUo;u ,tsfUl;ksa ds lkFk fu;fer ekWuhVju djus <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA<br />

,u,Q,l,e jkT; esa {ks=] o"kkZ] miyC/k Hkwfe] ty lalk/ku vkSj lkekftd&vkfFkZd <strong>fLFkfr</strong>;ksa ij fuHkZj gS tks cgqr de jkT;ksa<br />

esa gSA ;gka muds d`f"k&tyok;q vkSj {ks=h;&dsfUnzr cukus ds fy, m|eksa dks iqu% lq/kkj <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA ;g n`f"Vdks.k<br />

vf/k'ks"k Qlyksa <strong>dh</strong> mRikndrk ij blds izHkko ds fu;eksa esa dk;ZØeksa dks vf/kd oSKkfud vkSj izHkkfor cuk,xkA ftyk Lrj<br />

dk;Z ;kstuk fodkl bl ij viuk /;ku dsUnz djsxk tks vkjdsohokbZ L<strong>dh</strong>e ds dk;kZUo;u ds fy, igys ls gh rS;kj O;kid<br />

ftyk d`f"k ;kstuk ¼lhMh,ih½ ij vk/kkfjr gSA<br />

blds vykok dk;ZØeksa dks ,dy Qly ds ctk; vf/kd Qlyu iz.kkyh ij /;ku dsfUnzr djuk pkfg,A pkoy] xsgwa vkSj<br />

nygu&vk/kkfjr Qlyu iz.kkyh ij fopkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A izeq[k Qly iz.kkfy;ksa esa pkoy&pkoy] pkoy&eYdk]<br />

pkoy&xsgwa] xsgwa&vjgj vkSj nygu&xsgwa 'kkfey gSaA<br />

;g n`f"Vdks.k ,d n`f"Vdks.k ftlesa fd fdlh Hkh gky esa vU; Qlyksa ds le; vkSj i)fr;ksa ij fuHkZj jguk iM+rk gS] ds ctk;<br />

,d lkFk vU; Qly iz.kkyh ij /;ku dsfUnzr djsxkA<br />

fe'ku Qly esa eksVs vuktksa dks 'kkfey djus <strong>dh</strong> ekax gS] tks [kk|kUu Js.kh dk Hkkx gSA blesa fo'ks"k :i esa cktjk ij Hkh fopkj<br />

djus <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gS ftls jk"Vªh; [kk| lqj{kk vf/kfu;e izLrko esa 'kkfey djus ds fy; fopkj fd;k tk jgk gSA<br />

fe'ku lw=hdj.k esa vuqla/kku dk;Zuhfr ls lacaf/kr ?kVd blesa ugha gSA fe'ku dks fiNM+s ftyksa esa izekf.kr izkS|fxfd;ksa dks<br />

cus ls mik; gsrq ubZ QkeZ<br />

e'khuksa ls lacaf/kr iz;klksa dks doj dj ldsA<br />

ckxokuh Qly<br />

4-50 fiNys dbZ n'kdksa <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong> ls rqyuk djus ij ckxokuh Qlyksa ds mRiknu esa lrr~ :i ls o`f) gqbZ gSA ckxokuh Qlyksa ds<br />

vUrxZr mRikndrk Lrj 8-8 ls c


94 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

vkd`fr 4-9 izeq[k ckxokuh Qlysa


d`f"k mRiknu vkSj dk;ZØe 95<br />

Qy<br />

4-51 2011&<strong>12</strong> ds nkSjku] Qy&Qly ds varxZr {ks= 77-52 feñ Vu<br />

ds mRiknu ds lkFk 6-58 feñ gSñ gS] tks dqy mRiknu esa 32 izfr'kr<br />

dk ;ksxnku djrk gSA tcfd Hkkjr fo'o esa Qyksa dk nforh; cM+k<br />

mRiknd gS] ;g vke] dsyk] iihrk] liksVk] vukj vkSj vkaoyk tSls<br />

Qyksa dk lcls cM+k mRiknd gSA<br />

lfCt;ka<br />

4-52 ckxokuh mRiknksa ds chp] lCth ,d cgqr egRoiw.kZ {ks= gS]<br />

tks 149-61 fefy;u Vu ds dqy mRiknu ds lkFk 17-42 Vu izfr<br />

gSDVs;j <strong>dh</strong> mRikndrk j[krs gq, 8-59 fefy;u gSDVs;j esa QSyh gSA<br />

lfCt;ksa ds varxZr {ks= Hkkjr esa 2001&02 esa 6 fefy;u gSDVs;j ls<br />

2011&<strong>12</strong> ds nkSjku 8-59 fefy;u gSDVs;j rd c


96 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

jksikbZ Qly<br />

4-55 2011&<strong>12</strong> ds nkSjku jksikbZ Qlyksa dk dqy mRiknu 3-35 fefy;u gSDVs;j ds {ks= ls <strong>12</strong>-99 fefy;u Vu jgk gSA ukfj;y] dktw<br />

vkSj lqikjh ds ckn jksikbZ Qlyksa ds mRiknu esa izeq[k Hkkx dk ys[kk&tks[kk nsrk gSA blesa dktw ds fons'kh O;kikj esa i;kZIr o`f) jgh<br />

gS] tks fdlkuksa dks vPNk ykHkka'k miyC/k djk jgk gSA<br />

vkS"k/kh; vkSj lqxaf/kr ikS/ks<br />

4-56 Hkkjr <strong>dh</strong>erh vkS"k/kh; vkSj lqxaf/kr ikS/kksa dk [ktkuk le>k tkrk gS] tks fu;kZr ds vykok ns'kh vkS"kf/k;ksa ds cukus ds fy,<br />

dPph lkexzh miyC/k djkrh gSaA Hkkjr ljdkj us vkS"k/kh; m|ksx esa muds egRo dks fopkj djrs gq, 9]500 ls vf/kd fdLe ds<br />

ikS/kksa <strong>dh</strong> igpku <strong>dh</strong> gS vkSj mudk ys[kk&tks[kk rS;kj fd;k gSA buesa ls] yxHkx 65 ikS/ks fo'o O;kikj esa o`gn ,oa fujarj ekax j[krs<br />

gSaA blesa o"kZ nj o"kZ vkS"k/kh; vkSj lqxaf/kr ikS/kksa ds {ks= vkSj mRiknu esa ljkguh; o`f) gqbZ gSA<br />

fu;kZr<br />

4-57 d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx us fu;kZr ds fy, dqN Qyksa ¼vke] vaxwj] yhph] eaMkfju] <strong>dh</strong>uw] dktw] v[kjksV] vukj] vkaoyk½]<br />

lfCt;ksa ¼vkyq] I;kt] fepZ] fcVjxkWMZ] fHkaMh½] elkys ¼dkyh fepZ] vnjd] gYnh] thjk] cM+h bykp;h½] vkSj iq"i Qlysa@ensa<br />

¼xqykc] flaihfM;e cxhps] ,aFkksfj;e] dVxzhu vkSj lw[ks Qwy½ <strong>dh</strong> igpku <strong>dh</strong> gSA izlaLdj.k mRiknu {ks= esa] vke xqnk] fMCckcan<br />

el:e vkSj tjfdu] dsyk I;wjh] VekVj I;wjh] VekVj isLV] vkaoyk] csy] dktw] lsc jl dks vPNs fu;kZr laHkkouk,a j[krs gq, igpku<br />

fd;k gSA<br />

izlaLdj.k<br />

4-58 Hkkjr esa izlaLdj.k dk Lrj de jgk gS] tks Qyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa ds fy, dsoy 2 izfr'kr gSA D;ksafd izlaLdj.k csgrj ewY;<br />

olwyh ds fy, fdlkuksa <strong>dh</strong> enn gsrq vR;f/kd egRoiw.kZ jgk gS] dqN ns'kh ewY;of/kZr mRikn tSls&de tkuus okys Qyksa ls Qy is;<br />

vkSj LokLF; is; fodflr fd, tk jgs gSaA<br />

Qyksa ,oa lfCt;ksa esa vkRefuHkZjrk<br />

4-59 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; fpfdRlk vuqla/kku ifj"kn vkSj jk"Vªh; iks"kd&rRo laLFkku] gSnjkckn ds vuqlkj Qy vkSj lCth <strong>dh</strong> izfr O;fDr<br />

U;wure vko';drk izfrfnu Øe'k% 92 xzke vkSj 300 xzke gSA bl izdkj ns'k esa 2011 tux.kuk ds vuqlkj dqy vko';drk Qyksa<br />

<strong>dh</strong> 40-64 fefy;u Vu vkSj lfCt;ksa <strong>dh</strong> 132-52 fefy;u Vu izfr o"kZ gSA pwafd 2011&<strong>12</strong> ds nkSjku ns'k esa Qy vkSj lCth dk<br />

mRiknu Øe'k% 77-52 fefy;u Vu vkSj 149-61 fefy;u Vu Fkk] ;g n'kkZrk gS fd ns'k us Qy vkSj lCth <strong>dh</strong> U;wure iks"kd rRo<br />

vko';drk esa vkRefuHkZjrk gkfly dj yh gSA<br />

ckxokuh {ks= esa fo'ks"k igysa@dk;ZØe<br />

jk"Vªh; ckxokuh fe'ku ¼,u,p,e½<br />

4-60 ckxokuh {ks= ds lEiw.kZ fodkl ds fy, lewg n`f"Vdks.k viukus ds }kjk vxzorhZ vkSj fiNM+s gq, laidks± dks fof/kor lqfuf'pr<br />

djrs gq,] lHkh i.k/kkfj;ksa <strong>dh</strong> lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh ds lkFk] jk"Vªh; ckxokuh fe'ku ij dsUnzh; izk;ksftr L<strong>dh</strong>e 2005&06 ls ns'k esa<br />

dk;kZfUor <strong>dh</strong> tk jgh gSaA lHkh jkT;ksa vkSj rhu la?k jkT; {ks=ksa vaMseku fudksckj }hi lewg] y{k}hi] iqM~MqPpsjh dks flD<strong>dh</strong>e lfgr 8<br />

mÙkjiwoZ jkT;ksa dks NksM+dj fe'ku ds varxZr 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS vkSj tEew d'ehj] fgekpy izns'k ,oa mÙkjk[kaM jkT;ksa dks mÙkjiwoZ<br />

,oa fgeky;h jkT;ksa ds fy, ckxokuh fe'ku ¼,p,e,ubZ,p,l½ ds varxZr 'kkfey fd, x, gSa] jkT;ksa vkSj la?k jkT;ksa {ks=ksa ds<br />

vykok] 13 jk"Vªh; Lrj <strong>dh</strong> ,tsafl;ka ¼,u,y,½ fodkl iz;klksa ds fy, lgk;rk miyC/k djkus gsrq 'kkfey <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSa] ftUgsa jk"Vªh;


d`f"k mRiknu vkSj dk;ZØe 97<br />

Lrj ij vknku <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA lHkh ckxokuh Qlysa tSls fd Qy] elkys] Qwy] vkS"k/kh; vkSj lqxaf/kr ikS/ks] dktw vkSj dksdk<br />

<strong>dh</strong> jksikbZ Qlysa fodkl ds fy, 'kkfey <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSa] tcfd lfCt;ka] cht mRiknu] lajf{kr [ksrh] vkbZ,u,e@vkbZih,e vkSj tSfod<br />

[ksrh ds ek/;e ls 'kkfey <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSaA ckxokuh lewgksa dk fodkl u dsoy dPph lkexzh miyC/k djkus ds fy, mRiknu vk/kkj<br />

fodflr djus ds mís'; ls gS cfYd dVkbZ i'p izca/ku] izlaLdj.k vkSj foi.ku ds fy, volajpuk <strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk djuk Hkh gSA<br />

4-61 fe'ku <strong>dh</strong> dYiuk mRiknu] dVkbZ i'p izca/ku izlaLdj.k vkSj foi.ku dks 'kkfey djrs gq, laiw.kZ igqap djuk gS rkfd iSnk<br />

djus okyksa@mRikndksa ] mRiknu ds fy, vkj ,aM Mh izkS|ksfxd;ksa dks c


98 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

4-63 yxHkx 18-19 yk[k gSDVs;j {ks= fofHkUu ckxokuh Qlyksa ds u, ckxksa ds varxZr yk;k x;k gSA 8-65 yk[k gSDVs;j {ks=<br />

ckjgeklh Qyksa ds varxZr gS ¼ykxr xgu Qy mPp ?kuRo vkSj lkekU; LFkku okyksa lfgr½ vkSj xSj ckjgeklh Qyksa dk {ks= 3-23<br />

yk[k gSDVs;j] Qwyksa ds varxZr 1-26 yk[k gSDVs;j ¼dV vkSj ywt½] elkyksa ds varxZr 3-80 yk[k gSDVs;j] vkS"k/kh; ,oa lqxaf/kr<br />

ikS/kksa ds varxZr 0-58 yk[k gSDVs;j vkSj jksikbZ Qlyksa ds varxZr 1-30 yk[k gSDVs;j gSA iqjkus vkSj tjkxzLr ckxkuksa ds varxZr<br />

3-26 yk[k gSDVs;j {ks= dk iqu#)kj fd;k x;k FkkA blds vfrfjDr] 0-65 yk[k gSDVs;j dks lajf{kr [ksrh ds varxZr 'kkfey fd;k<br />

x;k gS tSls fd xzhu gkml] IykfLVd efYpax] de V;wuYl bR;kfnA 1-40 yk[k gSDVs;j {ks= tSfod [ksrh ds varxZr 'kkfey fd;k x;k<br />

gS vkSj 1]16]539 ;wfuV bdkbZ;ka LFkkfir <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSaA<br />

4-64 8-62 yk[k gSDVs;j {ks= vkbZ,u,e@vkbZih,e ds varxZr yk;k x;k gSA 2]307 ulZfj;ka vkSj 1571 vkbZih,e@vkbZ,u,e<br />

volajpuk LFkkfir djus ds fy, fuf/k;ka miyC/k djkbZ xbZ gSa vFkkZr~ 71 chekjh iwokZuqeku bdkbZ;ka] 89 tSo fu;a=.k iz;ksx'kkyk,a]<br />

<strong>12</strong>3 ouLifr LokLF; Dyhfud vkSj 72 iÙkk@mÙkd fo'kys"k.k iz;ksx'kkyk,aA dqy 21]339 lkeqnkf;d ty [ksrh ty lap;u<br />

VSad@rkykc ckxokuh Qlyksa <strong>dh</strong> lgk;rk ds fy, ladViw.kZ flapkbZ lgk;rk miyC/k djkus ds fy, lftZr fd, x, gSaA dVkbZ<br />

i'p izcaèu ¼ih,p,e½ ?kVd ds varxZr 2273 iSd gkml] 366 'khr HkaMkj bdkbZ;ka] <strong>12</strong> lh, HkaMkj.k] 21 okrkuqdwfyr oSu] 540<br />

py@izkFkfed izlaLdj.k] 216 de ykxr I;kt HkaMkj.k


d`f"k mRiknu vkSj dk;ZØe 99<br />

feuh fe'ku&I% ¼vuqla/kku½<br />

fe'ku ds varxZr izxfr<br />

4-67 2001&02 ls 2010&11 rd blds izkjaHk ls ckxokuh ds lexz fodkl ds fy, egRoiw.kZ miyC/kh <strong>dh</strong> gSA vof/k ds nkSjku]<br />

5]79]558 gSDVs;j vfrfjDr {ks= fofHkUu ckxokuh Qlyksa <strong>dh</strong> [ksrh ds varxZr yk;k x;k gS ftlesa Qy ¼3]16]064 gSDVs;j ½] lCth<br />

¼1]15]140 gSDVs;j ½] elkys ¼82]578 gSDVs;j ½] jksikbZ Qlyksa ¼14]111 gSDVs;j ½] vkS"k/kh; ikS/ks ¼6]464 gSDVs;j ½] lqxaf/kr<br />

ikS/ks ¼10]378 gSDVs;j ½] ewy ,oa dan ¼1]319 gSDVs;j ½ vkSj Qwy ¼33]510 gSDVs;j ½ 'kkfey gSaA tjkxzLr vkSj vumRiknd cxhpksa<br />

<strong>dh</strong> mRiknu laHkkouk iquLFkkZfir djus ds fy, 42]523 cxhpksa dk iqu#)kj fd;k x;k gSA blds vfrfjDr 1]023 ulZfj;ka] <strong>12</strong>]654<br />

lkeqnkf;d VSadl] 14]583 V~;wcosy] 27 Vh'kw dYpj ;wfuV] 39]72]805 oxZ ehVj xzhu gkÅl] 27 ekWMy iq"i [ksrh dsUnz] 27 el:e<br />

;wfuV vkSj 21]055 oehZ dEiksLV ;wfuV LFkkfir <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSaA blds vfrfjDr efgyk fdlkuksa lfgr 2-93 yk[k fdlku vkSj vf/kdkjh<br />

ckxokuh ds fofHkUu igyqvksa esa izf'kf{kr fd, x, gSaA blds vykok] 48 Fkksd ckt+kj 306 xzkeh.k izkFkfed ckt+kj] 70 viuh eafM;ka]<br />

18 jkT; xzsfMax iz;ksx'kkyk,a] 35 'khr HkaMkj ;wfuVsa vkSj 18 izlaLdj.k ;wfuVsa LFkkfir <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSaA<br />

2011&<strong>12</strong> ds fy, y{;<br />

ckWDl % 4-8 ,p,e,ubZ,p fe'ku ds ?kVd<br />

;g feuh fe'ku <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn }kjk lefUor vkSj dk;kZfUor fd;k tkrk gSA ;g feuh fe'ku {ks= ds fy,<br />

leqfpr izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> rS;kj djus ij /;ku nsrk gSA ,e,e&1 ds varxZr izeq[k ?kVd ewy chtksa vkSj jksi.k lkexzh <strong>dh</strong> vkiwfrZ]<br />

izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> eku<strong>dh</strong>dj.k] ifj"dj.k] QkeZ ij izn'kZu vkSj izf'k{k.kA<br />

feuh fe'ku&II% ¼mRiknu vkSj mRikndrk½<br />

bls d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx }kjk lefUor fd;k tkrk gS vkSj jkT; ckxokuh@d`f"k foHkkxksa }kjk dk;kZfUor fd;k tkrk gSA<br />

bl feuh fe'ku dk mís'; mUur mRiknu izkS|ksfxfd;ka viukus ds }kjk mRiknu vkSj mRikndrk c


100 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

'kgjh lewgksa ds fy, lCth igy<br />

4-69 jk"Vªh; d`f"k fodkl ;kstuk ¼vkjdsohokbZ½ ds rRok/kku esa rhu lkS djksM+ #i, ds ifjO;; ds lkFk 2011&<strong>12</strong> ds nkSjku 'kgjh<br />

lewgksa esa lCth igy ij ,d L<strong>dh</strong>e izkjEHk <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSA L<strong>dh</strong>e dk mís'; o"kZ 2011&<strong>12</strong> ds nkSjku izR;sd jkT; esa ,d 'kgj dks 'kkfey<br />

djus dk gS] tks ;k rks jkT; jkt/kkuh gks ;k ,d fefy;u <strong>dh</strong> vkcknh okyk dksbZ vU; 'kgjA ;fn bl dlkSVh ij [kjk ugha mrjus okyk<br />

dksbZ jkT; gS rc ,d fefy;u vkcknh ds fudV dksbZ vU; 'kgjh lewg bl mís'; ds fy, pquk tk,xkA ;g L<strong>dh</strong>e fdlku la?k vkSj<br />

lewg] izf'k{k.k rFkk fdlkuksa <strong>dh</strong> {kerk fuekZ.k] ,<strong>dh</strong>d`rdÙkkZvksa vkSj ckt+kjksa ds lkFk fdlku lewgksa ds tqM+ko] [kqnjk Lrj ds fy,<br />

jksi.k lkexzh ls foi.ku rd izkjaHk djrs gq, 'kgjh dsUnzksa gsrq lCth mRiknu vkSj vkiwfrZ ls lacaf/kr lHkh igyqvksa dks 'kkfey djrh<br />

gSA mÙkjiwoZ vkSj fgeky;h jkT;ksa ¼,p,u,ubZ,p½ esa jk"Vªh; ckxokuh fe'ku ¼,u,p,e½@ckxokuh fe'ku ds varxZr O;fDrxr ?kVd<br />

ds fy, lgk;rk ds fo|eku ykxr izfrekud vkSj iSVªu fn'kk&funsZ'kd ?kVd cukrs gSaA L<strong>dh</strong>e ds izkjaHk gksus ds le; ls] lHkh jkT;ksa<br />

ds laca/k esa dk;Z ;kstuk jkT; Lrj Lohd`fr lfefr ¼,l,y,llh½ }kjk vuqeksfnr <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSaA vk/kkj js[kk losZ{k.k vkSj fdlku<br />

mRiknd laxBu ¼,Qihvks½ ds cukus ij dk;Z vf/kdrj jkT;ksa esa vkxs c


d`f"k mRiknu vkSj dk;ZØe 101<br />

ewY; #ñ djksM+ esa<br />

pqukSfr;ka<br />

4-72 gkykafd] laiw.kZ ns'k esa fofHkUu ckxokuh ftalksa ds mRiknu esa vR;f/kd lq/kkj gqvk gS] fQj Hkh bu ftalksa ds fy, vkiwfrZ J`a[kyk<br />

lq/kkjus gsrq fo'ks"k /;ku fn, tkus <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA<br />

vkxs <strong>dh</strong> dk;Zuhfr<br />

rkts Qy vkSj<br />

lfCt;ka<br />

òkksr% ckxokuh izHkkx] d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx<br />

vkd`fr 4-<strong>12</strong>% ckxokuh mRikn dk fu;kZr<br />

iq"i d`f"k elkys dktq<br />

ftUl<br />

2004-05 2009-10<br />

4-73 ckxokuh mRiknu] izlaLdj.k] ewY; lao/kZu] foi.ku vkSj vkiwfrZ J`a[kyk izca/ku lq/kkjus ds fy, fuEufyf[kr mik; lq>k, x,<br />

gSaA<br />

lewg vk/kkfjr n`f"Vdks.k us ckxokuh mRikn <strong>dh</strong> dPph lkexzh ds fy, òkksr ds :i esa ckxokuh lewgksa dk fodkl lqyHk fd;k<br />

gSA [kir dsUæksa dk csgrj tqM+ko lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, vkSj Vh'kq dYpj ;wfuVsa] iz;ksx'kkyk,a vkSj 'khr HkaMkj.k ;wfuVksa tSlh<br />

LFkkuh; volajpuk dks vckf/kr fctyh vkiwfrZ <strong>dh</strong> miyC/krk ds fy, vU; foHkkxksa ds dk;ZØeksa vkSj L<strong>dh</strong>eksa ds ekeys esa<br />

lkeatL; LFkkfir djus ds fy, lewg vk/kkfjr n`f"Vdks.k dks et+cwr fd, tkus <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA<br />

cM+h ulZfj;ksa] Vh'kq dYpj ;wfuVksa vkSj lCth cht mRiknu ;wfuVksa ds ekeys esa volajpuk <strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk ,d Lokxr ;ksX; ladsr<br />

gSA bls fdlkuksa dks vkiwfjr <strong>dh</strong> tk jgh jksi.k lkexzh vkSj chtksa <strong>dh</strong> xq.koÙkk fuf'prrk ds fy, et+cwr iz.kkyh ds lkFk vuqiwfjr<br />

fd, tkus <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA<br />

dVkbZ i'p izca/ku vkSj foi.ku gsrq volajpuk mRiknu Lrj ds lkFk rkyesy cSBkus ds fy, et+cwr fd, tkus <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk<br />

gSA ,d et+cwr 'khr J`a[kyk volajpuk [kM+h djus <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA<br />

VehZuy ekdsZV dkEIysDl <strong>dh</strong> vo/kkj.kk foi.ku izpkyuksa esa vkSj mRikndksa }kjk ckxokuh mRikn dk lh/ks foi.ku lqyHk djus<br />

ds fy, ikjnf'kZrk c


102 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

[kk| ekax<br />

4-74 2007&08 esa fo'o [kk| ladV us fo'o O;kih :i ls [kk| ewY;ksa esa vR;f/kd csyh Fkh] mDr vof/k esa fxjrs gq, [kk| ewY;ksa ds dkj.k 1972 ls ;g lcls [kjkc<br />

FkkA gky ds eghuksa esa [kk| enksa ds ewY; esa cgqr vf/kd o`f) jgh] fo'ks"k :i ls Qyksa ,oa lfCt;ksa] nw/k vkSj nw/k mRikn] vaMksa] ekal<br />

vkSj eNyh ds ewY;ksa esaA [kk| volQhrh ,d xgu eqík jgrk gS] pwafd ,d vkSlr <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; vHkh Hkh [kk| enksa ij vius O;; ds 50<br />

izfr'kr ls vf/kd [kpZ djrk gSA<br />

4-75 vuktksa vkSj nkyksa <strong>dh</strong> izfr O;fDr izfrfnu miyC/krk ¼fu;kZr] vk;kr] cht nkuk vkSj Nhtu ,oa LVkWd esa ifjorZu ds fy,<br />

lek;ksftr½ 1990 ds n'kd izkjaHk ls fxjh gS tSlk fd js[kkfp= 4-13 ls ns[kk tk ldrk gSA rFkkfi] vuktksa ds ewY; yxHkx fLFkj gSa<br />

D;ksafd miHkksDrk [kir esa vuktksa ls mPp ewY; enksa tSls fd Qy vkSj lfCt;ka] nw/k vkSj Ms;jh mRikn vkSj vaMs] ekal rFkk eNyh rd<br />

miHkksDrk ekax esa /khjs&/khjs ifjorZu gqvk gS] tSlk fd jk"Vªh; izfr n'kZ losZ{k.k dk;kZy; ds ifjokj [kir o losZ{k.k }kjk O;Dr gSA<br />

vuktksa ls vU; mRiknksa rd nksuksa xzkeh.k {ks= ds lkFk&lkFk 'kgjh {ks= esa miHkksDrk O;; ds Hkkx esa vR;f/kd cnyko gSA mnkgj.k ds<br />

fy,] xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa] vuktksa ds ekeys esa Hkkx vR;f/kd :i ls 1987&88 esa 26-3 izfr'kr ls 2009&10 esa 15-6 izfr'kr rd de<br />

gqvk gSA ln'kZ vkadM+s 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa Øe'k% 15 izfr'kr vkSj 9 izfr'kr gSaA tgka rd fofHkUu ftalksa <strong>dh</strong> izfr O;fDr [kir esa ifjorZu<br />

dk laca/k gS blesa xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa vkSj 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa pkoy ds ekeys esa deh gqbZ gSA rFkkfi] eksVs vuktksa <strong>dh</strong> [kir fo'ks"k :i ls xzkeh.k<br />

{ks=ksa esa vR;f/kd de gqbZ gSA blesa nksuksa xzkeh.k ,oa 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa dsyk] lfCt;ka] nw/k] vaMk] eNyh vkSj fpdu <strong>dh</strong> [kir esa o`f)<br />

gqbZ gSA ,u,l,lvks ds miHkksDrk O;; losZ{k.k }kjk lwfpr ds vuqlkj vuktksa] Qyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa rFkk nw/k <strong>dh</strong> izfr O;fDr [kir<br />

Øe'k% js[kkfp= 4-14] 4-15] 4-16 esa nh xbZ gSA<br />

òkksr% vFkZ ,oa lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong> funs'kky;] d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx<br />

vkd`fr 4-13% vuktksa vkSj nkyksa <strong>dh</strong> izfr O;fDr miyC/krk<br />

[kk|kUuksa <strong>dh</strong> izfr O;fDr izfr fnu xzke esa miyC/krk<br />

pkoy xsgw¡ eksVs vukt nkysa [kk|kUu


d`f"k mRiknu vkSj dk;ZØe 103<br />

òkksr% ,u,l,lvks] ,evks,lihvkbZ<br />

òkksr% ,u,l,lvks] ,evks,lihvkbZ<br />

vkd`fr 4-14% vuktksa <strong>dh</strong> izfr O;fDr [kir<br />

xzke izfr ekg<br />

xzkeh.k 'kgjh<br />

vkd`fr 4-15% Qyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa <strong>dh</strong> [kir<br />

fd-xzk- izfr O;fDr izfr o"kZ<br />

xzkeh.k 'kgjh


104 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

òkksr% ,u,l,lvks] ,evks,lihvkbZ<br />

4-76 Hkkjr foxr n'kdksa ls gfjr Økafr ds ek/;e ls [kk|] 'osr Økafr ds ek/;e ls nw/k] uhyh Økafr ds ek/;e ls eNyh vkSj Lo.kZ<br />

Økafr ds ek/;e ls Qy ,oa lfCt;ksa dk mRiknu c


d`f"k mRiknu vkSj dk;ZØe 105<br />

gSA blh izdkj izkFkfed d`f"k ftalksa ij djk/kku ds LFkku ij oSV <strong>dh</strong> 'kq:vkr] mitkÅ t+ehu ¼iêk½ vkSj _.k ckt+kjksa dk l`tu]<br />

uohd`r t+ksf[ke U;wuhdj.k dk iz;ksx vkSj vk'oLr mRikn ryk'k djus <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA<br />

mi;qDr e/; dkfyd la'kks/ku djus ds fy, lHkh tkjh fodkl dk;ZØeksa <strong>dh</strong> ekWuhVfjax vkSj ewY;kadu dks et+cwr djukA<br />

LokLF;] f'k{kk vkSj d`f"k gLr{ksiksa ds lkFk iks"k.k dks tksM+ukA<br />

[kk| LVkWd vkSj O;kikj ds bLVre la;kstu ds ek/;e ls [kk| iz.kkfy;ksa esa fLFkjrk lqfuf'pr djuk vkSj ewY; lapkyu ds<br />

leUo; esaA


d`f"k ewY;<br />

5-1 Hkkjr esa [kkn~; ,oa d`f"k oLrqvksa ds ewY; eq[;r% ?kjsyw uhfr ewY; n~okjk izHkkfor ?kjsyw ekax vkSj vkiwfrZ dkjdksa n~okjk fu/kkZfjr<br />

fd;s tkrs gSaA ;g d`f"k oLrqvksa dk lkeuk dj jgh ef.M;ksa <strong>dh</strong> izd`fr vkSj bu ef.M;ksa <strong>dh</strong> =qfV;ka Hkh ewY; lapj.k vkSj vfUre<br />

miHkksDrk ewY;ksa dks izHkkfor djrk gSA Hkkjr [kkn~; rsyksa vkSj nyguksa tSls dqN oLrqvksa dks NksM+dj ?kjsyw mRiknu ds ek/;e ls viuh<br />

cM+h [kkn~; ekax dks iwjk djrk gSA<br />

5-2 eqnzk LQhfr vkSj [kkn~; enksa <strong>dh</strong> ewY; o`f) fo'o ds uhfr fu/kkZjdksa fo'ks"kdj Hkkjr vkSj vU; fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds fy;s izeq[k<br />

fpUrk cu xbZ gSA Hkkjr esa gky esa ekax c


d`f"k ewY; vkSj ef.M;ka 107<br />

vizSy 10<br />

ebZ<br />

vizSy 10<br />

ebZ<br />

twu<br />

vkd`fr 5-1 lHkh ftalksa] [kkn~; oLrqvksa] vuktksa vkSj nyguksa esa LQhfr <strong>dh</strong> izo`fÙk<br />

twu<br />

lHkh ftalsa [kk| oLrq,a vukt nkysa<br />

tqykbZ<br />

vxLr<br />

flrEcj<br />

vDrwcj<br />

uoEcj<br />

fnlEcj<br />

tuojh<br />

Qjojh<br />

ekpZ<br />

vkd`fr 5-2 lHkh oLrqvksa] [kkn~; oLrqvksa] lfCt;ksa vkSj Qyksa LQhfr <strong>dh</strong> izo`fÙk<br />

lHkh ftalsa [kk| oLrq,a vukt Qy<br />

tqykbZ<br />

vxLr<br />

flrEcj<br />

vDrwcj<br />

uoEcj<br />

fnlEcj<br />

tuojh<br />

Qjojh<br />

ekpZ<br />

vizSy 11<br />

ebZ<br />

vizSy 11<br />

ebZ<br />

twu<br />

twu<br />

tqykbZ<br />

tqykbZ<br />

vxLr<br />

flrEcj<br />

vDrwcj<br />

vxLr<br />

flrEcj<br />

vDrwcj


108 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

vkd`fr 5-3 lHkh oLrqvksa] [kkn~; oLrqvksa] nw/k] v.Ms] ekal vkSj eNyh ¼bZ,e,Q½ LQhfr <strong>dh</strong> izo`fÙk<br />

vizSy 10<br />

ebZ<br />

twu<br />

vizSy 10<br />

ebZ<br />

lHkh ftalsa [kk| oLrq,a nw/k bZ,e,Q<br />

tqykbZ<br />

vxLr<br />

flrEcj<br />

vDrwcj<br />

uoEcj<br />

fnlEcj<br />

tuojh<br />

Qjojh<br />

ekpZ<br />

vizSy 11<br />

ebZ<br />

twu<br />

vkd`fr 5-4 lHkh ftalksa] [kk| oLrqvksa] phuh [kk| rsy esa LQhfr <strong>dh</strong> izo`fÙk<br />

twu<br />

lHkh ftalsa [kk| oLrq,a phuh [kk| rsy<br />

tqykbZ<br />

vxLr<br />

flrEcj<br />

vDrwcj<br />

uoEcj<br />

fnlEcj<br />

tuojh<br />

Qjojh<br />

ekpZ vizSy 11<br />

ebZ twu<br />

tqykbZ<br />

vxLr<br />

flrEcj<br />

vDrwcj<br />

tqykbZ<br />

vxLr<br />

flrEcj<br />

vDrwcj


d`f"k ewY; vkSj ef.M;ka 109<br />

5-7 vUrjkZ"Vªh; e.Mh esa [kkn~; ewY;ksa esa o`f) 2007 ls vf/kd xfr ls gqbZ gSA ,slh o`f) ls ?kjsyw ewY;ksa ij izR;{k vFkok vizR;{k :i<br />

ls izHkko iM+k gSA ?kjsyw ewY;ksa esa mrkj&p


110 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

gks xbZ gSA ;g [kkn~; oLrqvksa ds ewY;ksa ij ncko Mkyrss gq, ekax c


d`f"k ewY; vkSj ef.M;ka 111<br />

es tkuk x;k gSA vjgj ¼rwj½] eawx vkSj mM+n ds ekeys esa {ks= vkSj mRiknu esa ifjorZu egRoiw.kZ jgs gSaA 2006&07 vkSj 2010&11 ds<br />

chp vjgj ds varxZr {ks= esa yxHkx 24 izfr'kr rd vkSj blds mRiknu esa 25 izfr'kr rd o`f) gqbZA bl vof/k ds nkSjku pus ds<br />

varxZr {ks= esa yxHkx 23 izfr'kr vkSj blds mRiknu esa 30 izfr'kr rd o`f) gqbZ o"kZ 2006&07 vkSj 2010&11 ds chp xsgwa varxZr<br />

{ks= esa yxHkx 5 izfr'kr <strong>dh</strong> o`f) gqbZ ftlesa mRiknu esa 13 izfr'kr <strong>dh</strong> lap;h o`f) gqbZ gSA ewaxQyh ds ekeys esa tgka {ks= o`f) 6<br />

izfr'kr rd gqbZ mRiknu esa 55 izfr'kr rd o`f) gqbZ ftlesa mRiknu izfr gSDVsñ esa Hkh lq/kkj fn[kk;k gSA blh izdkj lks;kchu ds ekeys<br />

esa 15 izfr'kr rd {ks= esa o`f) ls mRiknu esa 43 izfr'kr rd o`f) gqbZA 2006&07 vkSj 2010&11 ds chp dikl ds varxZr {ks= esa<br />

yxHkx 22 izfr'kr vkSj blds mRiknu esa yxHkx 48 izfr'kr rd o`f) gqbZA<br />

pqukSfr;ka<br />

5-24 vusd jkT;ksa tSls fcgkj] iwohZ mRrj izns'k] mM+hlk] vle] e/; izns'k vkSj NRrhlx


1<strong>12</strong> <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

ij iwoZ fuèkZfjr ek=k usQsM }kjk [kjhnh tkrh gS tks fd dsUnzh;<br />

,t—lh vkSj jkT; ljdkj }kjk fofufnZ"V ,t—fl;ksa ds :i esa fuèkZfjr<br />

vofè vFkok ,evkbZih ds Åij ewY;ksa dks LFkk;h djus rd] tks<br />

Hkh igys gS] ds fy, gSA izpkyu {ks= dsoy lacafèr jkT; ds<br />

fy, izfrcafèr gSA<br />

5-27 o"kZ 2010&11 ds nkSjku ,evkbZ,l ikap jkT;ksa esa vkyw ¼10<br />

yk[k ehfVªd Vu <strong>dh</strong> dqy ek=k ds lkFk mÙkj izns'k vkSj if'pe<br />

caxky½] vk;yike ¼vkaèz izns'k% 47500 ehfVªd Vu djus½ 'ks"k<br />

¼fgekpy izns'k 6100 ehfVªd Vu½ vkSj lqikjh ¼dukZVd <strong>12</strong>00<br />

ehfVªd Vu½ dk;kZfUor fd;k x;k gSA<br />

ewY; leFkZu L<strong>dh</strong>e ¼ih,l,l½<br />

5-28 d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx usQsM ds ek/;e ls vk;ylhM]<br />

nygu vkSj dikl <strong>dh</strong> [kjhn ih,l,l dk;kZfUor djrk gS tks fd<br />

ljdkj }kjk ?kksf"kr U;wure leFkZu ewY; ij dsUnzh; uksMy ,t—lh<br />

gSA usQsM vk;ylhM] nygu vkSj dikl <strong>dh</strong> [kjhn ih,l,l ds<br />

varxZr djrk gS tc vkSj tSls ewY; leFkZu ewY; ls de gks tkrk<br />

gSA ih,l,l ds varxZr [kjhn ewY; ds LFkk;h gksus rd vFkok<br />

,e,lih ls vfèd gksus rd tkjh jgsxhA ,e,lih izpkyu djus<br />

esa usQsM }kjk ;fn gkfu;ksa ij dksbZ [kpZ fd;k x;k gS rks bls<br />

dsUnzh; ljdkj }kjk izfriwfrZ <strong>dh</strong> tk,xhA ,e,lih ds izpkyu esa<br />

;fn dksbZ ykHk gks rks bldk Js; dsUnz ljdkj dks fn;k tkrk gSA<br />

lkj.kh 5-1 U;wure leFkZu ewY;<br />

¼Qly o"kZ ds vuqlkj½ ¼#i, izfr fDoaVy½<br />

[kkn~; oLrq,a<br />

[kjhQ Qlysa<br />

/kku<br />

2010&11 2011&<strong>12</strong><br />

lkekU; 1000 1080<br />

xzsM ^,* 1030 1110<br />

cktjk 880 980<br />

eDdk 880 980<br />

vjgj ¼rwj½ 3000¹ 3200¹<br />

eawx 3170 3500*<br />

mM+n<br />

dikl<br />

2900¹ 3300¹<br />

LVsiy ysñ % 24-5&25-5,e,e 2500 2800<br />

LVsiy yañ % 29-5&30-5 ,e,e 3000 3300<br />

fNyds okyh eawxQyh 2300 2700<br />

fry<br />

jch Qlysa<br />

2900 3400<br />

xsgwa 1<strong>12</strong>0# <strong>12</strong>85<br />

puk 2100 2800<br />

jsilhM vkSj ljlksas<br />

vU; Qlysa<br />

1850 2500<br />

ukfj;y 4450 4525<br />

xUuk@ 139-<strong>12</strong> 145<br />

5-29 o"kZ 2010&11 ds nkSjku ih,l,l ds varxZr 135 djksM+ #i, ds dqy ewY; ds fy, pkj jkT;ksa esa ;Fkk rfeyukMq ¼7434 ehfVªd<br />

Vu½] dsjy ¼<strong>12</strong>]408 ehfVªd Vu½] vaMeku vkSj fudksckj }hi lewg ¼53]35 ehfVªd Vu½ vkSj dukZVd ¼3086 ehfVªd Vu½ dksijk<br />

fefyax ¼iks"k.k½ ds fy, [kjhn <strong>dh</strong> xbZ FkhA<br />

d`f"k eafM;ka<br />

uksV%¹ Qly dVkbZ ds nkSjku@nks ekg <strong>dh</strong> vkod vof/k esa Hkqxrku fd, tkus okys<br />

[kjhn ,tsafl;ksa dks csps tkus okys rwj] mM+n vkSj ewax 500@& #i, izfr fDoaVy ds<br />

vfrfjDr izksRlkgu ij<br />

#,e,lih ij Hkqxrku fd, tkus gsrq 50 #i, izfr fDoaVy dk vfrfjDr izksRlkgu<br />

cksul<br />

@mfpr vkSj ykHkdkjh ewY;A<br />

5-30 d`f"k mRiknu <strong>dh</strong> c


d`f"k ewY; vkSj ef.M;ka 113<br />

d`f"k mRikn eafM;ksa dk fofu;eu ¼,ih,llh½<br />

5-32 d`f"k oLrqvksa <strong>dh</strong> [kjhn vkSj fcØh <strong>dh</strong> izHkkoh iz.kkyh izkIr djus ds fy, vfèdrj jkT; ljdkj— vkSj la?k jkT; {ks=ksa us d`f"k<br />

mRikn eaMh ds fofu;eu eqgS;k djkus gsrq vusd foèku vfèfu;fer fd;k gSA okLrfod eafM;ksa ds usVodZ <strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk djus esa ewy<br />

mís'; cktkj okrkoj.k l`ftr dj fdlkuksa dks mi;qDr ykHk nsuk lqfuf'pr djuk gS tgka cktkj i}fr;ksa dks fofu;fer djus vkSj dk;Z<br />

fooj.k esa ikjnf'kZrk ykus ds fy, ekax vkSj vkiwfrZ cyksa <strong>dh</strong> mfpr Hkwfedk gSA ckj[k.M] dukZVd]<br />

eafM;ksa ds fy, ,ih,elh vfèfu;e esa lqèkj egkjk"Vª] fetksje] ukxkyS.M] mM+hlk]<br />

fd, x, g®A jktLFkku] flfDde] mÙkjk[kaM vkSj f=iqjk<br />

2 jkT;@la?k jkT; {ks= tgka ,ih,elh d½ izR;{k foi.ku% ,ulhVh fnYyh]<br />

vfèfu;e esa vkaf'kd :i ls lqèkj fd;k e/; izns'k vkSj NÙkhlx


114 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

,ih,elh fu;eksa <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

5-34 fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa ,ih,elh lqèkjksa <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong> uhps nh xbZ gS%μ<br />

¼d½ jkT; tgka fu;e iwjh rjg rS;kj fd, tk pqds g®μvkaèz izns'k] jktLFkku] egkjk"Vª] mM+hlk] fgekpy izns'k] dukZVd jkT;ksa us iwjh<br />

rjg ls fu;e rS;kj dj fy, g®A<br />

¼[k½ jkT; tgka fu;e vkaf'kd :i ls rS;kj fd, x, g®%μ<br />

¼i½ dsoy fetksje cktkj eqDr ,dy fcUnq olwyh ds fy,A<br />

¼ii½ e/; izns'k ,d ls vfèd cktkj ds fy, lafonk d`f"k vkSj fo'ks"k ykbl—l ds fy,<br />

¼iii½ gfj;k.kk lafonk d`f"k ds fy,A<br />

5-35 cktkj lqèkj <strong>dh</strong> xfr esa rsth ykus ds fy, d`f"k ea=ky; us egkjk"Vª] xqtjkr] gfj;k.kk] mÙkjk[kaM] fcgkj] vle] mM+hlk] vkaèz<br />

izns'k] dukZVd vkSj e/; izns'k jkT;ksa ds lnL;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk ekpZ] 2010 ds jkT; ea=h izHkkjh d`f"k foi.ku lfefr xfBr <strong>dh</strong>A lfefr<br />

us viuh igyh fjiksVZ ljdkj dks flrEcj] 2011 esa izLrqr <strong>dh</strong> gS ftls bl<strong>dh</strong> flQkfj'kksa dks dk;kZUo;u ds fy, vkSj fVIif.k;ka] ;fn<br />

dksbZ gS] nsus ds fy, lHkh jkT;ksa vkSj la?k jkT; {ks= dks ifjpkfyr dj fn;k x;k gSA<br />

5-36 Hkkjr ljdkj us ;g Hkh fu.kZ; fy;k gS fd jk"Vªh; ckxokuh fe'ku ds varxZr lgk;rk vkSj jkT; ,t—fl;ksa@,ih,elh <strong>dh</strong> cktkj<br />

volajpuk ifj;kstuk ds fodkl ds fy, d`f"k foi.ku volajpuk dk fodkl vkSj lqn`


d`f"k ewY; vkSj ef.M;ka 115<br />

fdlkuksa dks cktkj ls tksM+uk<br />

vkd`fr 5-6% egkjk"Vª esa 'ksrdkjh cktkj<br />

5-37 jkT; vkSj jk"Vªh; Lrj ij volajpuk fodkl vkSj izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong>; uokpkjksa ds ek/;e ls fdlkuksa dks cktkj ls tksM+us ds fy,<br />

<strong>dh</strong> xbZ dqN igys ckWDl 5-2 esa uhps nh xbZ gSA fof'k"V jk;Fkw cktkj <strong>dh</strong> n`'; vkd`fr 5-5 esa n'kkZbZ xbZ gS tcfd vkd`fr 5-6 esa<br />

egkjk"Vª esa 'ksVdkjh cktkj LFky n'kkZ;k x;k gSA<br />

ckWDl 5-2 fdlkuksa }kjk izR;{k foi.ku ds izdkj<br />

jk;Fkw cktkj ,d volajpuk lqfo/kk l`ftr djus <strong>dh</strong> igy gS ftlds }kjk fdlku vius mRiknksa dks lh/ks gh miHkksDrkvksa dks cspus esa leFkZ<br />

cukrk gSA ftlds tfj, ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k tkrk gS fdlku csgrj ewY; izkIr dj ldrs gSa vkSj miHkksDrk mfpr ewY; ij rkth lfCt;ksa]<br />

Qy vkfn izkir djrs gSa vkSj bl izdkj d`f"k foi.ku volajpuk esa ck/kkvksa dk lek/kku fd;k tkrk gSA jk;Fkw cktkj ls mRiknd vkSj<br />

miHkksDrk nksuksa ykHkkfUor gksrs gSa D;ksafd miHkksDrk ds #i, esa mRiknd dk fgLlk vU; cktkj <strong>dh</strong> rqyuk esa 15 ls 40 izfr'kr vf/kd gksrk<br />

gS vkSj miHkksDrk utnh<strong>dh</strong> cktkj ds ewY;ksa ls 25 ls 30 izfr'kr de ewY; rkth lfCt;ka] Qy vkSj [kk| lkexzh izkIr djrk gSA<br />

fo'ks"k :i ls jk;Fkw cktkj esa 10 ls 15 xkao 'kkfey gksrs gSa vkSj blesa 10 lewgksa ¼Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa½ lfgr de ls de 250 fdlku 'kkfey<br />

gksrs gSa ftUgsa xkaoksa esa cktkj vk;ksftr djus esa eaMy jktLo vf/kdkfj;ksa] ckxokuh vf/kdkfj;ksa vkSj d`f"k vf/kdkfj;ksa ds ny }kjk pquk tkrk<br />

gSA jk;Fkw cktkj ds fy, jkT; lM+d ifjogu fuxe ds ijke'kZ ls eky <strong>dh</strong>


116 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

fdlku e.Mh@izR;{k foi.ku dk izHkko<br />

5-38 mRiknd vius mRikn ds fy, loksZÙke ewY; izkIr djus ds fy, j.kuhfr ds :i esa o"kZ ds fofHkUu vof/k;ksa esa fofHkUu cktkj<br />

vkmVysVksa ¼deh'ku ,tsaVksa] LFkkuh; O;kikfj;ksa vkSj fdlku eafM;ksa½ dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA fdlku eaMh mu NksVs mRikndksa ftUgsa<br />

ijEijkxr cktkj iz.kkyh esa 'kq"d ekSle ds nkSjku de ek=k <strong>dh</strong> oLrqvksa dks cspus esa dfBukb;kWa gksrh gSa] ds fy, fo'ks"k :i ls<br />

ykHknk;d gksrh gSaA fdlku eafM;ksa <strong>dh</strong> nks eq[; rjhdksa ls ^^izHkkfor mRiknd** i)fr;kWa gksrh gS%& ¼1½ lfCt;ksa <strong>dh</strong> O;kid<br />

fdLeksa dks 'kkfey djus ds fy, mRiknu dk fofo/khdj.k vkSj ¼2½ iwjs o"kZ ty vkSj Hkwfe lalk/ku ds iz;ksx dks vf/kdkf/kd<br />

djus ds fy, xguhdj.k fdlku eaMh dk miHkksDrkvksa <strong>dh</strong> vko';drkvksa dks csgrj rjhds ls le>dj vkSj vk;] [kku&iku <strong>dh</strong><br />

vknrsa vkSj LFkkuh; vko';drkvksa ds vk/kkj ij izkFkfedrk nsdj foi.ku j.kuhfr;ksa dks viukdj vfHkizsfjr mRiknd dks viukuk<br />

Hkh gSA ifjorZuksa dks viukus ds fy, mRiknd {kerk dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdksa esa _.k vkSj foRrh; lEinkvksa rd igqap vkSj<br />

iz.kkyh rd Hkh laLFkkxr lgk;rk 'kkfey gSA ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, izeq[k dkjd gSa fd fdlku dks fdlku eaMh igyksa ls<br />

iwjh rjg ykHk feyrk gS vkSj os csgrj lek/kku ds gdnkj Hkh gSaA izR;{k foi.ku fdlkuksa vkSj izlaLdj.kdrkZvksa vkSj vU; cM+s<br />

iSekus ds [kjhnnkjksa dks ifjogu ykxr de iM+rh gS vkSj ewY; vuqeku esa egRoiw.kZ :i ls lq/kkj djus esa leFkZ cukrh gSA blesa<br />

mUgsa mRiknd {ks=ksa ls izR;{k :i ls [kjhnksa ds izHkko gsrq O;kid iSekus <strong>dh</strong> foi.ku daifu;ksa dks izksRlkfgr Hkh djrk gSA<br />

cktkj vuqla/kku lwpuk usVodZ ¼,evkjvkbZ,u½<br />

5-39 cktkj lwpuk lHkh foi.ku iz.kkyh ds fy, vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gS ftlesa fdlku] O;kikjh] izlaLdj.kdrkZ vkSj miHkksDrk 'kkfey<br />

gSa ftUgsa fofHkUu iz;kstuksa ds fy, cktkj lwpuk <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk iM+rh gSA ns'k esa d`f"k mRikn cktkjksa esa vkus okyh d`f"k oLrqvksa<br />

ds ewY;ksa <strong>dh</strong> lwpuk miyC/k djkus <strong>dh</strong> n`f"V ls d`f"k ea=ky; us ewY; vkSj cktkj ls tqM+h lwpuk ds laxzg.k vkSj izpkj izlkj ds fy,<br />

ns'k esa egRoiw.kZ Fkksd eafM;ksa dks bysDVªkfud dusfDVfoVh miyC/k djkus ds fy, ekpZ] 2000 esa foi.ku vuqla/kku vkSj lwpuk<br />

usVodZ <strong>dh</strong> vkbZlhVh vk/kkfjr dsUæh; {ks= L<strong>dh</strong>e 'kq: <strong>dh</strong> gSA bl L<strong>dh</strong>e dks o"kZ 2000&01 esa dk;kZfUor fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj vkt<br />

<strong>dh</strong> rkjh[k esa ns'k Hkj <strong>dh</strong> 3000 ls vf/kd eafM;ka dsUæh; iksVZy (http://agmarknet.nic.in) ls tqM+ xbZ gSaA ;s eafM;ka lHkh<br />

izeq[k d`f"k vkSj ckxokuh mRikn dks 'kkfey djrs gq, 1900 ls vf/kd eafM;ksa ls vf/kd 300 oLrqvksa vkSj 200 fdLeksa ds laca/k<br />

esa nSfud ewY;ksa vkSj vkod laca/kh fjiksfV±x dj jgh gSaA vkod vkSj ewY;ksa ds laca/k esa lwpuk <strong>12</strong> {ks=h; Hkk"kkvksa esa izlkfjr <strong>dh</strong><br />

tkrh gSA<br />

5-40 ewY; ds vfrfjDr iksVZy ij vusd eaMh ls tqM+h lwpuk eqgS;k djkbZ tkrh gSA ;s xzsM yscfyax] LoPNrk vkSj ikni LoPNrk<br />

vkSj ikni LoPNrk <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk] HkaMkj.k vkSj os;j gkmflax] foi.ku vgkrksa] nsus ;ksX; 'kqYd vkfn <strong>dh</strong> okLrfod volajpuk<br />

ds Lohd`r ekudksa ds lkFk tksM+rs gSaA thvkbZ,l IysVQkeZ ij d`f"k eafM;ksa ds jk"Vªh; ekufp= rS;kj djus ds iz;kl fd, tk jgs<br />

gSa tks HkaMkj.k] 'khr HkaMkj.k] cktkj ls lacaf/kr volajpuk lfgr ns'k esa lEiw.kZ foi.ku volajpuk <strong>dh</strong> miyC/krk dks n'kkZ,xkA blh<br />

izdkj egRoiw.kZ oLrqvksa <strong>dh</strong> QlyksijkUr vko';drkvksa dks n'kkZus okyk oLrqvksa <strong>dh</strong> :ijs[kk dks iksVZy ij Mkyk tk jgk gSA<br />

5-41 bl ifj;kstuk ds izeq[k i.k/kkjh fdlku] d`f"k mRiknksa ds Øsrk vkSj deh'ku ,tsaV] ehfM;k ls tqM+s O;fDr] ljdkj deZpkjh]<br />

ifj"kn lnL;x.k] cktkj ls tqM+s dehZ] d`f"k O;olk; ls tqM+s ijke'kZnkrk vkfn vkrs gSaA iksVZy ij miyC/k lwpuk lkoZtfud<br />

{ks=kf/kdkj esa gS vkSj bls fo'o esa dgha ls Hkh izkIr dj ldrs gSaA fdlku vkSj i.k/kkjh ns'k ds fdlh Hkh dksus esa ;g lwpuk izkIr<br />

dj jgs gSa vkSj vusd ,tsafl;ka cktkj laca/kh lrdZrk dk l`tu djus ds fy, iksVZy <strong>dh</strong> fo"k;oLrq dk mi;ksx dj jgs gSa vkSj mfpr<br />

fu.kZ; ysus esa fofHkUu i.k/kkfj;ksa dks lgk;rk djus ds fy, bls miyC/k djk;k x;k gSA ;g ifj;kstuk lwpuk izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> foHkkx<br />

}kjk xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa yxk, tk jgs] izLrkfor ,d yk[k vkbZVh fd;ksLdksa ds fy, tkrk fo"k;oLrq miyC/k djkrh gSA


d`f"k ewY; vkSj ef.M;ka 117<br />

xzkeh.k xksnke Lehd dk fuekZ.k ¼xzkeh.k HkaMkj.k ;kstuk½<br />

5-42 orZeku esa] ns'k esa lhfer os;j gkml {kerk gS ftls<br />

lkj.kh 5-3 esa ns'kk tk ldrk gS vfrfjDr HkaMkj.k {kerk<br />

l`ftr djus ds fy, ljdkj us 1 vizSy] 2011 ls xzkeh.k<br />

HkaMkj.k ;kstuk 'kq: <strong>dh</strong>A bl L<strong>dh</strong>e dk mís'; xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa<br />

leoxhZ lqfo/kkvksa ds lkFk oSKkfud HkaMkj.k {kerk l`ftr<br />

djuk gSA ftlls QkeZ mRikn] izlaLd`r QkeZ mRikn] d`f"k<br />

vknkuksa ds HkaMkj.k djus] xzsfMax] eku<strong>dh</strong>dj.k dk lao/kZu djus<br />

rFkk fdlkuksa ds cspus ;ksX; oLrqvksa dk lq/kkj djus ds fy,<br />

d`f"k mRikn dk xq.koRrk fu;a=.k] foRriks"k.k@foi.ku _.k <strong>dh</strong><br />

lqfo/kk iznku dj QlyksijkUr ds rqjar ckn fcØh ds ncko<br />

dks jksdus vkfn ds fy, fdlkuksa <strong>dh</strong> t:jrksa dks iwjk djuk<br />

ftlls fd ns'k esa ,sls xksnkeksa esa HkaMkfjr d`f"k laca/kh oLrqvksa<br />

lkj.kh 5-3% ns'k esa d`f"k os;j gkmflax {kerk<br />

ih,l;w {kerk ¼,eVh esa½<br />

,QlhvkbZ 32.05<br />

lhMCY;wlh 10.07<br />

,lMCY;wlh 21.29<br />

jkT; flfoy lIykbZ fuxe@foHkkx 11.30<br />

dqy ifCYd lsDVj 74.71<br />

lgdkfjrk {ks= 15.07<br />

futh {ks= 18.97<br />

dqy 108.75<br />

òkksr% <strong>12</strong>oha ;kstuk ds fy, os;j gkmflax vkSj Cykd gS.Mfyax ij milewg<br />

<strong>dh</strong> fjiksVZ [kk| ,oa lkoZtfud forj.kA<br />

ds laca/k esa os;j gkml igaqp <strong>dh</strong> jk"Vªh; iz.kkyh 'kq: djus ds fy, mik; rS;kj djds d`f"k foi.ku volajpuk dks lqn`


118 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

d`f"k foi.ku volajpuk dk fodkl@l`n`


d`f"k ewY; vkSj ef.M;ka 119<br />

vf/kd ckSrk Kkiu] djkj] izksVksdkWy vkSj dk;Z;kstukvksa dk ns'kksa ds lkFk f}i{kh; :i ls<br />

gLrk{kj fd, tkrs gSa vkSj vkxs lgdkfjrk ds fy, dk;kZUo;u fd;k tkrk gSA os ykHk tks {kerk fuekZ.k] oSKkfud vkSj rduhf'k;uksa ds<br />

nkSjksa ds ek/;e ls Kku dk vknku&iznku] vkuqoaf'kd lalk/kuksa dk gLrkarj.k vkfn <strong>dh</strong> izd`fr esa ,sls djkjksa vkSj le>kSrk Kkiuksa ls ml<br />

{ks= dks izkIr gksrs gSa ftlls d`"kdksa ds [ksrksa esa d`f"k mRikndrk c


<strong>12</strong>0 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

vkSj mRikndrk( (ii) eaMh lwpuk vkSj ikjnf'kZrk( (iii) varjkZ"Vªh; uhfr lg;ksx( (iv)vf/kd laosnu'khy {ks=ksa ds fy, ewY;ksa esa<br />

mrkj&p


d`f"k ewY; vkSj ef.M;ka <strong>12</strong>1<br />

5-54 d`f"k ea=ky; dks fons'k ea=ky;] foÙk ea=ky;] okf.kT; ,oa mn~;ksx ea=ky;] <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; fjtoZ cSad] ,fDle cSad vkfn tSls laca)<br />

ea=ky; vkSj ,tsafl;ksa ds lkFk leUo; esa bl igy esa ,d uksMy Hkwfedk fuHkkus <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA le>kSrk Kkiuksa vkSj djkjksa esa<br />

fufgr izko/kku f}okf"kZd dk;Z;kstuk rS;kj djds izpkyu esa gSA vU; ns'kksa ds lkFk f}i{kh; lg;ksx esa lQyrk ds dqN mnkgj.kksa ij<br />

fuEukuqlkj fopkj&foe'kZ fd;k x;k gSA<br />

5-55 50 ls vf/kd ns'k gSa ftuds lkFk Hkkjr us d`f"k lgdkfjrk ds fy, le>kSrk Kkiuksa rFkk djkjksa vkSj dk;Z;kstukvksa ij gLrk{kj<br />

fd, gSaA o"kZ 2010&11 ds nkSjku d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx }kjk fuEufyf[kr le>kSrk Kkiu] djkj vkSj dk;Z;kstukvksa ij gLrk{kj<br />

fd, x,% (i) nf{k.k vQz hdk ds lkFk le>kSrk Kkiu( (ii) rq<strong>dh</strong>Z ds lkFk dk;Z;kstuk vkSj izksVksdky (iii) vtZsfUVuk ds lkFk le>kSrk<br />

(iv) vkfLVª;k ds lkFk le>kSrk Kkiu (v) rkftfdLrku ds lkFk djkj vkSj (vi) vQxkfuLRkku bLykfed x.kjkT; vkSj jk"Vªh; fuekZ.k<br />

ifj;kstuk laLFkku dk Hkkjr ds lkFk le>kSrk KkiuA bu le>kSrk Kkiuksa vkSj djkjksa esa vfHkKkr lg;ksx ds fy, O;kid {ks=ksa esa vuqla/kku<br />

vkSj fodkl] {kerk fuekZ.k] teZ IykTe fofue;] dVkbZ i'pkr~ izca/ku] ewY;o/kZu vkSj [kkn~; izlaLdj.k] ikni laj{k.k] i'kqikyu]<br />

Ms;jh vkSj ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> vkfn esa lg;ksx 'kkfey gSA<br />

5-56 egkjk"Vª jkT; esa Hkkjr&btjk;y dk;Z;kstuk ds varxZr vke] flV~l vkSj vukj ds fy, n{krk dsUnzksa <strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk ds fy,<br />

ifj;kstukvksa ij dk;Z py jgk gSA mlh izdkj gfj;k.kk jkT; esa fljlk vkSj djuky esa Qyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa ds fy, n{krk dsUnz ds fuekZ.k<br />

ds fy, ifj;kstuk 'kq: <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSA ;s iwjk gksus ds vafre pj.k esa gS vkSj dk;Zdyki btjk;yh fo'ks"kKksa <strong>dh</strong> lykg ls 'kq: fd, tk jgs<br />

gSaA btjk;yh fo'ks"kK ftyk&cLlh] t;iqj jktLFkku esa n{krk dsUnz ds fodkl ds fy, ckxokuh foHkkx] jktLFkku dks rduh<strong>dh</strong><br />

lgk;rk Hkh iznku dj jgs gSaaA dk;kZUo;u ds fy, pqus x, izeq[k dk;Zdykiksa esa d`f"k esa [kkjk ty dk iz;ksx vkSj fdUukso [ksrh esa<br />

Qz aVykbu izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> dk izn'kZu 'kkfey gSA blh izdkj Jhyadk dks Hkh ml ns'k <strong>dh</strong> vko';drkvksa ds vuqlkj cht fu;kZr dj lgk;rk<br />

nh tk jgh gSA Hkkjr vkSj la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk ds chp o"kZ 2010 esa d`f"k vkSj [kkn~; lqj{kk esa dk;Zuhfrd lg;ksx ij gLrk{kj djus<br />

ds mÙkjorhZ dk;Z ds :i esa rhu dk;Z lewg xfBr fd, x, gSa ;Fkk ¼1½ dk;Z lewg&1 % [kkn~; lqj{kk ds fy, dk;Zuhfrd lg;ksx<br />

¼vQz h<strong>dh</strong> ns'kksa ds lkFk f=i{kh; lg;ksx lfgr½ (ii) dk;Z lewg&II % [kkn~; izlaLdj.k] [ksr ls eaMh rd dk lEidZ vkSj d`f"k<br />

foLrkj( (iii) dk;Z lewg&(III) Qly vkSj ekSle rFkk tyok;q iwokZuqekuA vuqorhZ dkjZokbZ 'kq: gks xbZ gSA<br />

5-57 vius dk;Zuhfrd fgrksa dks vkxs c


<strong>12</strong>2 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

5-60 d`f"k vk;kr esa o"kZ 2009&10 esa 59528-33 djksM+ #i, ls ?kVdj o"kZ 2010&11 esa 56196-20 djksM+ #i, dk lexz ?kkVk ntZ<br />

fd;k x;k ftlesa fiNyh laxr vof/k esa & 5-6 izfr'kr deh ntZ <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSA bl vof/k ds nkSjku d`f"k vk;kr ds ewY; esa deh<br />

eq[;r% nygu] phuh vkSj dikl ds de vk;kr ds dkj.k gqbZA d`f"k vk;kr ds dqy vk;krksa esa fgLlsnkjh o"kZ 2009&10 esa 4-37<br />

izfr'kr ls ?kVdj o"kZ 2010&11 esa 3-50 izfr'kr gks x;kA<br />

5-61 o"kks± ls d`f"k O;kikj esa vkerkSj ij vf/k'ks"k jgk gSA O;kikj vf/k'ks"k eq[;r% dikl] phuh vkSj vk;yehy ds vis{kkd`r<br />

vf/kd fu;kZr ds dkj.k o"kZ 2009&10 esa 29813-17 djksM+ #i, ls c


d`f"k ewY; vkSj ef.M;ka <strong>12</strong>3<br />

vf/kekU;@eqQr O;kikj le>kSrk ¼ihVh,@,QVh,½<br />

5-62 ihVh,@,QVh, ij okrkZ ;wjksih;kbZ la?k] bZ,QVh, ¼LohVtjyS.M] ukosZ] vkbZlyS.M vkSj fypsVsUVkbu½] edksZlj ¼czkthy]<br />

vts±Vhuk] ijkXos] m:Xos½] fpyh] btjk;y] baMksusf'k;k] vkLVªsfy;k] U;wthyS.M vkSj FkkbyS.M ds lkFk izxfr ds fofHkUu pj.kksa esa gSA<br />

eky djkj esa ,f'k;kbZ ¼czqusbZ] baMksusf'k;k] eysf'k;k] fQyhihal] flaxkiqj] FkkbyS.M] dEcksfM;k] ykvks ihMhvkj] E;kekj vkSj<br />

fo;ruke½ O;kikj ij 13 vxLr] 2009 dks gLrk{kj fd;k x;k FkkA ;g 1 tuojh] 2010 ls ykxw gqvk gSA Hkkjr&nf{k.k dksfj;k<br />

lk>snkjh djkj] O;kid vkfFkZd lk>snkjh djkj ¼lh,ih,½ 7 vxLr] 2009 dks lEiUu gqvk FkkA Hkkjr&tkiku lhbih, vkSj<br />

Hkkjr&eysf'k;k O;kid vkfFkZd lg;ksx djkj ¼lhbZlh,½ ds varxZr eky le>kSrs esa O;kikj dks o"kZ 2010&11 ds nkSjku budks<br />

lEiUu fd;k x;k vkSj Øe'k% 1 vxLr] 2011 vkSj 1 tqykbZ] 2011 ls izHkkoh gks x;k gSA<br />

5-63 fo'o O;kikj laxBu ¼MCY;wVhvks½ esa O;kikj okrkZ dk nksgk pØ ftls uoEcj] 2001 dks 'kq: fd;k x;k Fkk] dks orZeku esa<br />

vfuok;Z :i ls jksd fn;k x;k gSA d`f"k ij vafre la'kksf/kr elkSnk i)fr 6 fnlEcj] 2008 dks ykbZ xbZ FkhA la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk<br />

ds fy, Cyw ckWDl lgk;rk uked nl eqís gSa] 100 izfr'kr 'kqYd ls ijs dikl] laosnu'khy mRiknA xSj&laosnu'khy mRikn] 'kqYd dk<br />

lek/kku] Vªksfidy mRikn vkSj fofo/khdj.k okys mRikn rFkk nh?kZ LFk;h lanHkks± dk laj{k.k pkSdksj dks"Bdksa esa gSa vFkok fnlEcj] 2008<br />

ls i)fr;ksa esa vU;Fkk O;k[;k <strong>dh</strong> xbZA<br />

5-64 fnlEcj] 2011 esa vk;ksftr fd, tkus okys MCY;wVhvks dk;ZØe ds 8oka ea=ky;h lEesyu ds fy, le; ij ^^'kh?kz Qly<br />

dVkbZ** ds :i esa vfre :i nsus ds fy, dqN p;fur eqíksa <strong>dh</strong> laHkkouk ij /;ku fn;k x;kA ^'kh?kz Qly dVkbZ* ds Hkkx ds :i esa<br />

,ylhMh eqíksa dks ysus dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;k ftls la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk esa O;kid :i esa vfLrRo ds :i esa ,yMhlh+eqíksa dks cgqr<br />

cM+k dj fn;k x;kA vkLVªsfy;k 'kh?kz Qly dVkbZ iSdst dks vkxs f[kldkus esa vxz.kh jgk gS ftlesa ,yMhlh eqíksa ds vykok vusd<br />

eqíksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tk,xkA dksj ,yMhlh eqís fu%'kqYd dksVk eqDr ¼Vh,QD;w,Q½ eaMh igqap vkSj dikl jktlgk;rk gSaA la;qDr<br />

jkT; vesfjdk dk vuqjks/k gS fd czkthy] phu vkSj Hkkjr lfgr lHkh izeq[k f[kykM+h iSdst dks vkdkj nsus esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku nsaA<br />

5-65 Hkkjr us dgk gS fd ;|fi ,yMhlh eqíksa dk 'kh?kz Qly dVkbZ egRoiw.kZ Fkk rFkkfi nksgk fodkl dk;ZØe ds 'ks"k eqíksa ij Hkh<br />

dk;Z fd;k tkuk pkfg,A la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk Mh,QD;w,Q vkSj dikl tSls ,yMhlh dksj eqíksa esa dk;Z djus dk bPNqd ugha gS bls<br />

czkthy] phu vkSj Hkkjr ij nkf;Ro Mkyuk pkgrk gSA<br />

pqukSfr;ka<br />

5-66 d`f"k vkSj ,u,,e, ds fy, i)fr;ksa dks vafre :i nsus ds fy, 21 ls 29 tqykbZ] 2008 ds chp tsusok esa ,d y?kq ea=ky;h<br />

cSBd vk;ksftr <strong>dh</strong> xbZ FkhA rFkkfi laonsu'khy mRiknksa] fu%'kqYd dSfiax] fu%'kqYd lek/kku vkfn tSls okrkZ ds vU; egRoiw.kZ {ks=ksa<br />

ij lgefr <strong>dh</strong> deh ds vykok fo'ks"k lqj{kk ra= ¼,l,l,e½ ij lgefr <strong>dh</strong> deh ds dkj.k d`f"k okrkZ VwV xbZA vusd vU;<br />

egRoiw.kZ fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds eqís dikl] lanfHkZr vijnu] Vªksfidy mRikn] fu%'kqYd dksVk jfgr eaMh igqap Fks ftuij lgefr ugha<br />

gks ikbZA<br />

vkxs <strong>dh</strong> dk;Zuhfr<br />

5-67 ;g fjiksVZ <strong>dh</strong> xbZ fd tsusok esa tqykbZ] 2008] dk okrkZ lgefr ds cgqr djhc igqap x;k FkkA ;g izxfr fodflr ns'kksa ls vk;kr<br />

djus ds fo:) viuh d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> j{kk djus esa leFkZ cukus esa dkQh vf/kd yphykiu fy, gq, gSA bl izdkj Hkkjr dks bl pØ dk<br />

fu"d"kZ fudkyus ds fy, cgqr vf/kd esgur djuh iM+sxhA


v/;k;&6<br />

d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj<br />

6-1 Hkkjr us] foKku&izsfjr d`f"k o`f) dk jkLrk viukus ds }kjk leqfpr :i ls etcwr] Lo;a ds Hkjksls ds ;ksX; vkSj lquE; [kk| lqj{kk<br />

<strong>fLFkfr</strong> ds :i esa ykHkka'k izkIr fd;kA <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn~ ¼vkbZlh,vkj½ <strong>dh</strong> vxqokbZ esa Hkkjr <strong>dh</strong> jk"Vªh; d`f"k vuqla/kku<br />

iz.kkyh us fujarj fodflr gksus okyh fparkvksa <strong>dh</strong> vuqfØ;k <strong>dh</strong> gS vkSj vkxkeh o"kks± esa ,slk djus ds fy, vleatl esa gSA rFkkfi]<br />

iks"kd rRoksa vkSj thfodk lqj{kk] xjhch mUewyu] ykHkiznrk] fyax lekurk] ikfj<strong>fLFkfr</strong><strong>dh</strong> vkSj i;kZoj.k] ykxr vkSj xq.koÙkk ds ekeys<br />

esa izfrLi/kkZRedrk <strong>dh</strong> cgqr vf/kd fpark,a jk"Vªh; d`f"k vuqla/kku iz.kkyh ds fy, izeq[k vuqla/kku eqís fujarj jgsaxsA fofof/kd`r<br />

pqukSfr;ksa <strong>dh</strong> bl deh ds fo:)] blesa of/kZr olwyh jgh gS tks d`f"k {ks= esa mRikndrk o`f) <strong>dh</strong> /kkj.kh; [kk| lqj{kk vkSj xjhch<br />

mUewyu ds nksgjs eqís ds lek/kku ds fy, leh{kkRed gSA<br />

6-2 d`f"k mRikndrk c


d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj <strong>12</strong>5<br />

izkd`frd lalk/ku izca/ku<br />

6-3 ekuo <strong>dh</strong> lnSo of/kZr [kk|] js'kk] pkjk] nkuk vkSj b±/ku vko';drkvksa <strong>dh</strong> lnSo c


<strong>12</strong>6 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

pqukSfr;ka<br />

6-6 Hkkjr ds lkeus eq[; pqukSfr;ka tyok;q ifjorZu] of/kZr vknku iz;ksx] vkSj iks"kd rRoksa dq'kyrk lqfuf'pr djuk] ty ,oa Hkw<br />

iz;ksx <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong> esa d`f"k mRikndrk dks lq/kkjus <strong>dh</strong> gSaA<br />

6-7 laj{k.k d`f"k ds ek/;e ls mUur ,<strong>dh</strong>d`r iks"kd rRo izca/ku n~okjk of/kZr iks"kd rRo iz;ksx n{krk laHko gksxhA fdlkuksa dks<br />

lalkèu miyC/krk ds fy, cukbZ xbZ e`nk tkap vk/kkfjr vkWuykbu moZjd flQkfj'kksa gsrq ,d iz;ksxrk fgrS"kh fu.kZ; lg;ksx iz.kkyh<br />

¼Mh,l,l½ ds fodkl gsrq thvkbZ,l vkSj thih,l vkStkjksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, ftyk] rkyqdk vkSj CykWd Lrj ij e`nk moZjd<br />

ekufp= rS;kj fd, tkus <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gksxhA Vsjk ijsVk ¼ck;kspj½ esa laj{k.k ds fy,~ d`f"k Nhtu vkSj vof'k"V ck;ksekl ds<br />

ik;jksykbfll ds ek/;e ls b"Vre gS ftlesa e`nk LokLF; esa tyok;q ifjorZu ds izHkko dks de djus ds fy, e`nk esa nh?kZdkfyd<br />

dkcZu fo;kstu <strong>dh</strong> ryk'k fd, tkus <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA iks"kd rRo iz;ksx dq'kyrk c


d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj <strong>12</strong>7<br />

Hkkoh dk;ZØe<br />

6-8 <strong>12</strong>oha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ds nkSjku izLrkfor dqN fØ;kdykiksa esa fe'ku iz.kkyh dk;ZØe lfgr lesfdr Qk²eax i)fr;ksa dk<br />

izn'kZu rFkk tyok;q ds izfr vuqdwy d`f"k ij jk"Vªh; igy] laj{k.k {ksrh ij jk"Vªh; igy rFkk Bksl vif'k"V ¼d`f"k vif'k"V] uxjh;½<br />

izcaèu ij jk"Vªh; igy laca/kh rhu vuqla/kku IysVQkeZ 'kkfey gSaA<br />

Qly foKkku<br />

6-9 vkbZlh,vkj dk Qly foKku izHkkx jkT; d`f"k fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds lg;ksx ls 25 ls vf/kd {ks=h; Qlyksa ds lq/kkj esa yxk gqvk<br />

gS] ftuesa ls dqN ns'k <strong>dh</strong> [kk| lqj{kk fe'ku dk fgLlk gSaA iPPkhl laLFkkuksa rFkk NCchl vf[ky <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; lefUor vuqla/kku<br />

ifj;kstukvksa ds rgr Iyku dks"k L<strong>dh</strong>eksa ds :i esa mu fof'k"V y{k.kksa okyh mit nsus okyh Qly ds fodkl dk iz;kl fd;k x;k<br />

tks yf{;r lL; ikfj<strong>fLFkfr</strong><strong>dh</strong> ds fofHkUu tSfod rFkk vtSfod nckoksa ds izfr lfg".kq rFkk izfrjks/kh {kerk ds lkFk mit rFkk iks"k<strong>dh</strong>;<br />

xq.koÙkk esa lq/kkj ykrs gSaA bu Qly fdLeksa esa fofHkUu izeq[k <strong>dh</strong>Vksa rFkk jksxksa ds izfr lg~; {kerk fo|eku muesa ls cgqr fdLeksa esa e`nk<br />

<strong>dh</strong> vEyh;rk@{kkjh;rk vkSj lw[kk ,oa yo.k ds izfr lg~; {kerk gSA blds vykok] jkT; fdLe fueZqfDr lfefr;ksa us 6 jkT;ksa esa<br />

fofHkUu <strong>fLFkfr</strong>;ksa ds fy, 16 fdLeksa rFkk 1 ladj fdLe <strong>dh</strong> flQkfj'k <strong>dh</strong> gSA vuqla/kku iz;klksa ds rgr csgrj Qly lao)Zu<br />

izkSn~;ksfxfd;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk mi;qDr mUur Qly fdLeksa ¼ladj lfgr] tSlh <strong>fLFkfr</strong> gks½ ds izko/kku dk iz;kl fd;k x;kA mi;qDr<br />

Qly lao)Zu izkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk ,slh mPp mit nsus okyh fdLeksa ls 2010&11 esa 241-6 feñehñ Vu ds fjdkMZ [k|kUu<br />

mRiknu dks gkfly djus esa ns'k <strong>dh</strong> lQyrk esa ;ksxnku feysxkA buesa ls cgqqr lh izkS|ksfxfd;ka Hkfo"; esa izR;kf'kr tSfod rFkk<br />

vtSfod nckoksa <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong> dk lek/kku djsxhA<br />

miyfC/k;ka<br />

vukt<br />

6-10 okf.kfT;d [ksrh ds fy, pkoy <strong>dh</strong> nks ladj fdLesa ¼lg;kfæ 4 rFkk thds 5003½ rFkk xsgwa <strong>dh</strong> vkB fdLesa ¼,p,l 490]<br />

ihchMCY;w 590] jkt 4<strong>12</strong>0] lhchMCY;w 38] ,eih <strong>12</strong>03] ;w,,l 414 ¼Mh½] ihchMCY;w 596 rFkk ,e,lh,l 2971½ fofHkUu<br />

ikfj<strong>fLFkfr</strong><strong>dh</strong> iz.kkfy;ksa ds fy, rFkk ,d ubZ nksgjs mís'; okyh tkS fd fdLe ¼vkjMh 2715½ fueqZDr <strong>dh</strong> x;h FkhA ns'k ds fofHkUu<br />

lL; ikj<strong>fLFkfr</strong><strong>dh</strong> n'kkvksa ds fy, pkSng eDdk <strong>dh</strong> ladj fdLesa ¼,e,e 11] ,u,,p 2039] bZ,p 434042] Mh,p,e 111]<br />

Mh,p,e 113] Mh,p,e 117] ,uds 30] ,uds 6240] ih,lh 740] tsds,e,p 502] ,l,e,p 3904] fiuSdy] 900 ,e xksYM½<br />

rFkk nks fefJr fdLesa ¼foosd ladqy 35 rFkk foosd ladqy 37½ fueqZDr <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSaaA<br />

ckDl 6-4% tyok;q ifjorZu esa pqukSfr;ka<br />

tyok;q ifjorZu <strong>dh</strong> pqukSfr;ksa dk lek/kku ty ,oa iks"kd rRoksa ds izHkkoh mi;ksx ds fy, mRiknu iz.kkyh vkSj iks"kd rRo izHkkoh dYVhojksa<br />

dk fodkl rFkk mPp rkieku] ck


<strong>12</strong>8 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

tSls izf'k{kd dks izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe] i;kZIr la[;k esa ,sls O;fDr;ksa dks miyC/k djkus ds fy, vko';d gS tks ikS/ks ds lkekU; y{k.kksa ls cnyko<br />

<strong>dh</strong> igpku dj ldrs gSa vkSj mRiknu LFkyksa ls fu;fer laidZ esa gSaA buesa fdlku] ikni jksx oSKkfud] vuqla/kkudrkZ] jkT; rFkk {ks=h; foLrkj<br />

fo'ks"kKksa] Qly ijke'kZnkrk] <strong>dh</strong>Vuk'kd ds iz;ksxdrkZ rFkk vU; 'kkfey gSaA<br />

ns'k esa izHkkoh tSo lqj{kk iz.kkyh ds fy, fuEufy[kr vR;ar vfuok;Z gS—<br />

ikni ,oa tarq tSo lqj{kk iz.kkyh <strong>dh</strong> volajpuk dk lqn`


d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj <strong>12</strong>9<br />

nkysa<br />

6-<strong>12</strong> o"kZ 2010&11 ds fy, nygu mRiknu ds vkdyu ls irk pyrk gS fd dqy nygu mRiknu 26-40 feñgSñ {ks= ls 18-24<br />

feñehñ Vu gS tks loZdkfyd mPp Lrj ij gSA bl<strong>dh</strong> miyfC/k va'kr% fdlkuksa }kjk mUur fdLeksa ds xq.koRrk chtksa <strong>dh</strong> csgrj izkfIr<br />

vkSj {ks= esa o`f) ds tfj, gkfly <strong>dh</strong> tk ldrh gSA vkbZlh,vkj }kjk izeq[k nyguh Qlyksa ds iztud cht mRiknu esa o`f) djus ds<br />

fy, xaHkhj iz;kl fd, x, gSaA mPp mit nsus okyh fdLeksa ds xq.koRrk chtksa <strong>dh</strong> miyC/krk ds vykok <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; nygu vuqla/kku<br />

laLFkku] dkuiqj rFkk lewps ns'k esa ,vkbZlhvkjih ds O;kid usVodZ ls lefFkZr etcwr izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> rFkk U;wure leFkZu ewY;ksa esa o`f)<br />

vkSj ,u,Q,l,e ¼nygu½] 60000 nygu ,oa frygu xzke tSls izHkkoh ljdkjh dk;ZØeksa ls nygu mRiknu esa o`f) djus esa enn<br />

feyh gSA jksxksa ,oa <strong>dh</strong>Vksa ds izfr izfrjks/k rFkk lL; oSKkfud y{k.kksa ds fy, okaNuh; fdLeksa dks lafpr djus ds fy, ladj dk;ZØ;<br />

esa fofHkUu ek/;eksa ds iz;ksx ij nkyksa esa fdLe izfrLFkkiu ds fy, cy fn;k x;k gSa foK esa ladj dk;ZØe ewax Qyh rFkk mM+n ds<br />

vkuqokaf'kd vk/kkj dks O;kid cukus esa mi;ksxh gSA yksfc;k ds fy, cM+s cht ¼izfr 100 cht dk Hkkj 50 xzke ls vf/kd½ okyh<br />

dkcqyh fdLesa dsUnzh; rFkk nf{k.kh vapy ds fy, fodflr <strong>dh</strong> xbZ FkhaA blh izdkj] elwj ds fy, vYidkfyd] QQawnjks/kh cM+s cht<br />

pkoy ds ijrh esa foyac ls jksi.k ds fy, fodflr <strong>dh</strong> xbZ FkhA izeq[k nygu mRiknd jkT;ksa esa vfHkKkr d`f"k foKku dsUnzksa ds<br />

lg;ksx ls vkbZvkbZihvkj] dkuiqj us nyguksa ij 6000 izn'kZuksa dk vk;kstu fd;k gSA moZjd] izca/ku] <strong>dh</strong>V fu;a=.k ds fy, vkbZih,e]<br />

jkbtksfc;e dYpj] [kj&irokj izca/ku vkfn tSlh iw.kZ izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> iSdst ds lkFk {ks= ds fy, gky gh esa fueqZDr fdLeksa ij izn'kZu<br />

vk;ksftr fd, x, gSaA o"kZ 2010 ds nkSjku vk;ksftr izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> izn'kZuksa ds ifj.kke ls 30 ls 60 izfr'kr <strong>dh</strong> lhek esa fdlkuksa <strong>dh</strong><br />

iz.kkyh ij izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> ds izn'kZu ds ekeys esa mit esa o`f) dk irk pyk gSA<br />

ckDl 6-6% vjgj ftukse<br />

<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn~ rwj ftukse dks fodflr djus esa ,d lqn`


130 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

dk yxHkx 70 izfr'kr fgLlk doj djrk gSA [kkn~; rsy <strong>dh</strong> ekax vkiwfrZ ls vf/kd gS rFkk bl O;kid varj dks iwjk djus ds fy,<br />

[kk| rsy ds vk;kr esa Øe'k% o`f) gks jgh gSA Hkkjr esa [kk| rsy <strong>dh</strong> [kir esa rsth ls o`f) gqbZ gS tks izfr O;fDr vk; esa o`f) ls c


d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj 131<br />

ds 172 xkaoksa] nf{k.kh vapy ds 10 ftyksa ds 150 xkaoksa rFkk nf{k.k 24 ijxuk iwohZ vapy dk ftyk] ds 10 xkaoksa esa vkbZvkj,e<br />

dk;Zuhfr;ksa dk izpkj&izlkj fd;k x;k Fkk ftlls 38472 dikl fdlkuksa dks tkudkjh feyhA dikl izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> fe'ku ds tfj, d`f"k<br />

,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx rFkk vkbZlh,vkj ds chp fudVLFk leUo; ls mUur izkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds izpkj&izlkj rFkk ;Fkk laHko de le; esa<br />

cM+s iSekus ij fdlkuksa }kjk rsth ls viukus ds :i esa ns'k dks vR;f/kd ykHk feyk gSA blls ns'k dks dikl rFkk dikl lacaf/kr oL=<br />

ds fu;kZr esa enn ds vykok ns'k dikl {ks= esa vkRefuHkZj cu x;k gSA 11oha ;kstuk ds nkSjku dikl {ks= dk izHkko'kkyh fu"iknu ds<br />

cgqr ls dkj.k gSa ftuesa 'kkfey g®%<br />

xUuk<br />

dikl izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> fe'ku&feuh fe'ku&I rFkk fe'ku&feuh&II ds rgr dk;ZØeksa dk lQy fØ;kUo;uA<br />

11oha ;kstuk ds vkjafHkd v)Z vof/k esa mRikndrk esa lq/kkj ds dkj.k dikl ds dkj.k {ks= esa o`f) vkSj nwljh v)Z vofè<br />

esa dikl ds fdlkuksa dks vkSj vf/kd ykHkizn ewY;A<br />

chVh dikl ds rgr {ks= esa Øfed o`f)A<br />

ladj chtksa ds rgr of)Zr {ks=] bfeMkDyksfizM] fFk;ksesFkksDlke] LihukslkM vkfn ls cht dk mipkj] feyh cx dk lQy<br />

izca/ku] chVh dikl esa tSfod rFkk vtSfod nckoksa ij fu;a=.k djus ds fy, lh,ylhoh rFkk chVh ladjksa <strong>dh</strong> mRikndrk<br />

esa o`f) djus ds fy, vkbZih,e] vkbZ,u,e] vkbZMCY;w,e lfgr foxr dqN o"kks± ds nkSjku cgqr ls izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> lQyrk,aA<br />

dikl izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> fe'ku feuh fe'ku&II ds tfj, vxz.kh izn'kZu] d`"kd {ks= Ldwy rFkk QkeZ midj.kksa] fMªi o Qsjkseksu VªSi<br />

ds fy, foÙkh; lgk;rk dk dk;Z fd;k x;k rFkk <strong>dh</strong>Vuk'kd izfrjks/k ekuhVfjax ,oa izca/ku ls lacaf/kr vkbZvkj,e dk;ZØeksa<br />

<strong>dh</strong> fufoZokn lQyrk ls dikl <strong>dh</strong> mit esa o`f) djus esa lQyrk feyhA<br />

6-17 xUuk lq/kkj ds {ks= esa vkbZlh,vkj jsMjkV ds fy, jks/kh xUuk fdLeksa ds fodkl esa lfØ; :i ls yxk gqvk gSA vHkh rd ns'k<br />

ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa jsMjksV ds fy, jks/kh yxHkx 32 fdLeksa <strong>dh</strong> fueqZfDr rFkk [ksrh ds fy, vf/klwpuk tkjh <strong>dh</strong> x;h gSA vkbZlh,vkj<br />

rFkk lacaf/kr laxBuksa }kjk jksx izca/ku ds fy, fd, x, iz;klksa ls jsMjksV ij lQyrk ls fu;a=.k fd;k x;k gS rFkk blds QyLo:i<br />

ns'k esa xUuk dk mRiknu jsMjksV ds dkj.k ?kVk ugha gSA {ks=h; Lrj ij ue xeZ okr Fksjsih rFkk rhu Lrjh; cht dk;ZØe ds tfj, xUuk<br />

esa jsMjkV <strong>dh</strong> leL;k dk lgh rjhds ls lek/kku fd;k x;k gSA vkbZlh,vkj }kjk VªhdkMekZ] ,d doduk'kh] dk iz;ksx djds jsMjkV<br />

ds tSfod izca/ku ds fy, izkS|kfx<strong>dh</strong> dk fodkl Hkh fd;k x;k gSA blls xUus esa jksxksa ds izfr jks/kh {kerk c


132 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

lq/kkj ykus ds fy, uo&fueqZDr fdLeksa ds izekf.kr chtksa dk mRiknu rFkk forj.k bl le; vfuok;Z gSA vkbZlh,vkj us vius Qkeks±<br />

ij iVlu ds uo&fueqZDr fdLeksa ds xq.koRrkizn chtksa ds mRiknu ds fy, igy <strong>dh</strong> gS ftlls mit esa de ls de 20&30 izfr'kr<br />

<strong>dh</strong> o`f) gks ldrh gSA vkbZlh,vkj }kjk fofHkUu pkyw ifj;kstukvksa ds tfj, mRikndrk esa lq/kkj] xq.koRrk esa lq/kkj] iVlu dk 'kks/ku]<br />

QkeZ e'khujh rFkk xq.koRrk cht mRiknu uked ikap lcls vf/kd egRoiw.kZ eqíksa dk lek/kku fd;k x;k gS] ftl<strong>dh</strong> otg ls twV<br />

izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> fe'ku rFkk d`f"k ea=ky; ds iVlu fodkl funs'kkyu <strong>dh</strong> i;kZIr lgk;rk ls mRiknu dk orZeku Lrj gkfly gqvk gSA<br />

Qly LokLF; izca/ku<br />

6-19 Qly LokLF; izca/ku ij vuqla/kku ls cgqr lh Qly fdLeksa dk fodkl gqvk gS ftudks izeq[k <strong>dh</strong>Vksa ¼d`fe;ksa] dqV<strong>dh</strong>] jksx]<br />

fueSVksM vkfn½ ds izfr mPp lfg".kqrk ds lkFk vf/klwfpr fd;k x;k gSA tcfd dqN tSfod nckoksa ds fy, izfrjks/kh L=ksr yxkrkj<br />

mi;ksx esa yk, tk jgs g®] tSls fd pkoy rFkk xsgwa ds ekeys esa g®] tSfod fu;a=.k rFkk lao)ZukRed i)fr;ksa ds tfj, lesfdr <strong>dh</strong>V<br />

izca/k ls <strong>dh</strong>Vuk'kdksa tks fofHkUu <strong>dh</strong>Vksa ij izHkko fu;a=.k dj ldrs g®] ij vR;f/kd deh vkbZ gSA LVsejLV LVªsu ;wth 99 ds fy,<br />

iztuu <strong>dh</strong> izfØ;k izxfr ij gSA lks;kchu rFkk dikl esa LiksMksiVsjk ls gkfu] pkoy esa ekbZe fFkzi] :VukV fueSVksM rFkk fofHkUu Qlyksa<br />

esa rhu feyh cx <strong>dh</strong> iztkfr tSlh ubZ tSfod nokc <strong>dh</strong> leL;kvksa ds mRiUu gksus ds i'pkr~ ,slh m)r gksus okyh leL;kvksa dk<br />

lekèku djus ds fy, vuqla/kku dk;ZØe pkyw fd, x, g® rkfd fdlkuksa dks i;kZIr jkgr iznku <strong>dh</strong> tk ldsA<br />

6-20 mfpr vuqla/kku iz;klksa ls ns'k <strong>dh</strong> fofHkUu Qly iz.kkfy;ksa ds fy, lesfdr <strong>dh</strong>V izca/k dk fodkl gqvk gSA <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; ekud<br />

C;wjks n~okjk eku<strong>dh</strong>d`r mUur d`f"k iz.kkfy;ksa ds lkFk ,slh vkbZih,e i)fr;ksa dks gky gh esa tksM+us ls fo'o O;kikj laxBu ls lefZFkZr<br />

d`f"k ftalksa ds O;kikj ds lkFk fo'oluh; layXurk izkIr gqbZ gSA<br />

6-21 csgrj fu"iknu nsus okyh Qly thuksVkbZiksa <strong>dh</strong> rsth ls vkSj ifj'kq) igpku ds fy, ekdZj ls lgk;rk izkIr p;u]<br />

ijkvkuqoaf'k<strong>dh</strong>; Qly fdLe fodkl tSlh mfpr tSo izksn~;ksfxfd;ksa vkSj bl izdkj ls cgqr ls u, lk/kuksa rFkk rduhdksa dks mi;ksx<br />

esa yk;k x;k gSA cgqr lh Qly fdLeksa ds fodkl ds le; vkfFkZd ck/;rkvksa ds dkj.k Qly i)fr;ksa rFkk tyok;q ifjorZu ij<br />

fopkj fd;k x;k gSA ldkjkRed fdLeksa ds izR;{kr ykHk izkIr djus ds fy, Qlyksa ij vuqla/kku dk;ZØeksa esa vtSfod ncko <strong>dh</strong><br />

ck/kkvksa] fo'ks"k :i ls cgqr cM+s ckjkuh {ks= esa] ij izeq[k :i ls cy fn;k x;k gSA<br />

cht vuqla/kku ifjn`';<br />

6-22 cht izkSn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong> vuqla/kku ls ns'k esa Qly chtksa ds mRiknu] izlaLdj.k rFkk HkaMkj.k ds fy, i;kZIr vknku feyk gSA<br />

vkbZlh,vkj egRoiw.kZ rFkk yksdfiz; Qly fdLeksa vkSj ladj fdLeksa ds iztud chtksa ds mRiknu ds fy, mÙkjnk;h gSA o"kZ 2009&10<br />

ds nkSjku iztud cht dk mRiknu Hkkjr ljdkj rFkk fofHkUu jkT;ksa ls 91409-8 fDoaVy <strong>dh</strong> ekax <strong>dh</strong> rqyuk esa 115] 866-8 fDoaVy<br />

FkkA bu lHkh ekeyksa esa iztud cht mRiknu ls ekax <strong>dh</strong> t:jrssa iwjh gks xb±A o"kZ 2010&11 ds fy, [kjhQ Qlyksa gsrq iztud cht<br />

mRiknu ds vkadM+ksa ls Hkh irk pyk fd lHkh Qlyksa <strong>dh</strong> ekax iwjh gks xbZ gSA esxk cht ifj;kstuk ds rgr vkbZlh,vkj n~okjk fofHkUu<br />

oxks± ds xq.koÙkk chtksa dk N% yk[k fDoaVy ls vf/kd ek=k esa mRiknu fd;k x;k gSA ns'k ds fy, budk vkfFkZd izHkko rc ifjyf{kr<br />

gksxk tc ;s lHkh viuh laxr cht Ja`[kyk ds vax gksaxs vkSj cM+s iSekus ij fdlkuksa n~okjk [ksrh ds fy, budks viuk;k tk,xkA lewg<br />

ds vFkd dk;Z rFkk ewY;kadu <strong>dh</strong> lefUor iz.kkyh ls <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; mRikndksa ds ykHkkFkZ Qly fdLeksa <strong>dh</strong> fofo/krk dk l`tu gqvkA<br />

Qly mRiknu ds tfj, tSo lqj{kk<br />

6-23 gky gh esa <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k ds le{k fofHkUu <strong>dh</strong>Vksa rFkk jksxksa <strong>dh</strong> leL;k,a mRiUu gqbZ g® ftuesa lhek ikj QSyko <strong>dh</strong> laHkkouk,a<br />

fufgr g®a fofHkUu ns'kksa ls] ftuls [kkn~;kUu dk vk;kr fd;k tkrk gS] mnkgj.kkFkZ xsgwa esa CySdjLV <strong>dh</strong> ;wth 99 js'k] ukfj;y i.kZ chVy]


d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj 133<br />

lks;kchu esa Mkmuh ekbyfMo] cgqr ls [kj&irokj ds cht fof'k"V tksf[ke g®SA gky ds izdksi tSls&ukfj;y ,fj;ksfQV ekbZV] tks ekys<br />

ls Hkkjr esa QSyk vkSj ,d n'kd ds rVorhZ {ks= esa ukfj;y dks u"V djrk jgk] iihrk esa feyhcx tks gky gh esa Jhyadk ls nf{k.kh<br />

Hkkjr esa vk;k vkSj mM+hlk rFkk f=iqjk rFkk lkFk gh izk;n~ohih; jkT;ksa rd QSy x;k] ij lQyrkiwoZd fu;a=.k dj fy;k x;kA<br />

6-24 iihrk es feyhcx ftldk rfeyukMq rFkk vU; jkT;ksa esa izdksi gqvk vkSj rRi'pkr~ iBkjh {ks= vkSj ;gka rd fd iwoksZÙkj Hkkjr<br />

esa f=iqjk rd QSyk x;k] ls 'kgrwr ds jksi.k ls cgqr lh ckxokuh rFkk {ks=h; Qlyksa dks tksf[ke mRiUu gks x;k ftlls vkxs pydj<br />

nf{k.k Hkkjr esa flYd mn~;ksx ij Hkh izHkko iM+kA I;w,jVks jhdks fLFkr ;w,lMh, iz;ksx'kkyk ls izkd`frd ijhthfo;ka <strong>dh</strong> rhu fdLeksa dk<br />

vk;kr le; ij fd, tkus rFkk buesa ls ,d dk mi;ksx fd, tkus ls bl <strong>dh</strong>V ds QSyko rFkk izdksi dks lhfer djus esa lQyrk<br />

feyhA foxr ,d o"kZ esa gh ifjgk;Z Qly gkfu <strong>dh</strong> cpr de ls de 1600 djksM+ #ñ FkhA lks;kchu rFkk dikl <strong>dh</strong> Qlyksa esa<br />

egkjk"Vª esa ikbyV ifj;kstuk ds :i esa Qly <strong>dh</strong>Vksa <strong>dh</strong> okLrfod fuxjkuh dSVjfiyj <strong>dh</strong>Vksa dks izHkkoh rFkk le; ij fu;a=.k djus<br />

ds fy, jk"Vªh; d`f"k fodkl ;kstuk ds lkFk lg;ksx djrs gq, ,d ubZ i)fr lkfcr gqbZA mM+hlk ds /kku ds ekeys esa rFkk cgqr lh<br />

{ks=h; Qlyksa tSls dukZVd vkSj xqtjkr esa nkyksa ds fy, Hkh ,sls iz;kl fd, x, g®A jksx <strong>dh</strong> igpku rFkk funku ls lacaf/kr <strong>dh</strong>V<br />

fodflr fd, tk jgs g®A egkjk"Vª rFkk vU; nf{k.kh jkT;ksa esa vukj lw[k tkus <strong>dh</strong> chekjh ds ekeys esa mYys[kuh; lQyrk feyhA<br />

vfHkKkr <strong>dh</strong>V <strong>dh</strong> {ks=h; tkap <strong>dh</strong> tk jgh gSA vuqla/kku usVodZ iz.kkyh ds rgr cgqr lh Qlyksa dks izHkkfor djus okys foYV<br />

iSFkkstsUl dks nckus ds fy, mfpr fof/k;ksa <strong>dh</strong> igpku <strong>dh</strong> xbZ rFkk ,jaM] dkyh fepZ vkSj VekVj esa Qly izfrjks/k ds vykok fofHkUu<br />

tSfod fu;a=.k fodYiksa dk lQyrkiwoZd fodkl fd;k x;kA mfpr vuqla/kku ds tfj, vkuqoaf'k<strong>dh</strong>; n`f"V ls vk'kks/ku dikl <strong>dh</strong><br />

Qly esa lw[kus rFkk vR;f/kd lSi&lfdax <strong>dh</strong>V ncko esa deh vkbZ gS rFkk fdlkuksa dks dikl <strong>dh</strong> Qly esa ckyokeZ <strong>dh</strong> vuqi<strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

esa mRiUu gksus okys <strong>dh</strong>Vksa dks fu;af=r djus esa enn feyh gSA<br />

ckDl 6-7% ;syks jLV jksx<br />

d`f"k ea=ky; us ;syks jLV jksx tks Qjojh] 2010 esa foyac ls o"kkZ ds dkj.k QSyk] <strong>dh</strong> le; ij igpku ds fy, xq#nkliqj ftys esa Hkkjr&ikd<br />

lhek rFkk lehiorhZ {ks=ksa esa ekfuVfjax dk dke fd;k blls xsgwa mRiknd jkT;ksa esa u, {ks=ksa esa bl jksx ds izlkj dks lhfer djus rFkk izHkkfor<br />

Qly dks vkSj vf/kd gkfu ls cpkus ds fy, [kM+h Qly esa izksfidksukstksy ds lkFk doduk'kh ds fNM+dko tSls lqj{kkRed mik; djus <strong>dh</strong><br />

psrkouh feyhA ekfuVfjax djus okys nyksa esa xsgwa mRiknd ftyksa dk fujh{k.k fd;k vkSj iatkc] gfj;k.kk vkSj mÙkjk[kaM rFkk if'peh mÙkj<br />

izns'k esa doduk'kh dk fNM+dko djus <strong>dh</strong> lykg nhA ladVkiu {ks=ksa esa [ksr esa fNM+dko djus ds fy, rsth ls vkSj vf/kdkj laiUu fu.kZ;<br />

fy, tkus ls xsgwa <strong>dh</strong> Qly ds fcYdqy var esa =qfViw.kZ ekSle foypuksa ls mRiUu bl xaHkhj chekjh ds tksf[ke eas i;kZIr deh vkbZ gSA<br />

vk/kqfud mRiknu rduh<strong>dh</strong> ds tfj, fofHkUu izfrjks/kh thuksa dk la'ys"k.k djus ds fy, ekStwnk xsgwa mRiknu dk;ZØe ls xsgwa <strong>dh</strong> lHkh yksdfiz;<br />

fdLekssa esa ;syks jLV ds izfr mPprj lfg".kqrk fodflr gksxhA<br />

6-25 <strong>dh</strong>Vksa ¼d`fe;ksa] dqV<strong>dh</strong>] jksx fueSVksM rFkk [kj&irokj okys cht½ ds lhek ikj QSyko ds ekeys esa lHkh jkT;ksa n~okjk] la?kh;<br />

iz.kkyh n~okjk lefFkZr] ekStwnk fu;eksa ds l[rh ls fØ;kUo;u ds tfj, fu;kstu rFkk fu"iknu <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gksrh gSA bl<strong>dh</strong><br />

ekfuVfjax djus ds fy, ekuo lalk/ku rFkk volajpuk esa vR;f/kd {kerk fodkl <strong>dh</strong> t:jr gSA<br />

Qly lq/kkj esa tSo izkSn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong><br />

6-26 pkoy esa lL; oSKkfud n`f"V ls egRoiw.kZ y{k.kksa ds fy, rFkk cgqr ls tSfod rFkk vtSfod nokc ds fy, ihlhvkj vk/kkfjr<br />

Mh,u, ekdZj <strong>dh</strong> enn ls thuksa rFkk D;wVh,y <strong>dh</strong> igpku <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSA fofHkUu lL; oSKkfud n`f"V ls egRoiw.kZ y{k.kksa esa yf{kr<br />

cnyko ds fy, vk.kfod ekdZj lgk;rk izkIr p;u dks fu;fer mi;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gS rFkk vc ;g pkoy mRiknu esa {kerk esa<br />

lqèkj ykus ds fy, vR;f/kd {kerk ls yqIr gksus ds :i esa Lohd`r gks pq<strong>dh</strong> gSA Hkkjr esa dqN ,e,,l izkIr mRiknksa ds fodkl rFkk<br />

fueqZfDr ¼mUur lkEck ea'kwjh rFkk mUur iwlk cklerh&1 ftlesa thok.kqtU; CykbZV jksx ds izfr izfrjks/k gS½ rFkk Lo.kZ lc&1 ftlesa<br />

ty fueXurk <strong>dh</strong> {kerk gS] ds tfj, bls iw.kZr% iznf'kZr fd;k x;k gSA


134 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

6-27 eDdk ds ekeys esa foosd D;wih,e 9 Hkkjr esa fueqZDr eDds dk igyk ,e,,l mRikn gSA bl D;wih,e ladj dj fodkl<br />

foosd ladj 9 <strong>dh</strong> nks ewy fdLeksa ¼lh,e 145 rFkk lh,e 2<strong>12</strong>½ esa 02 thu rFkk bUMksLieZ eksfMQk;j ds tfj, fd;k x;k FkkA blh<br />

izfØ;k ds ek/;e ls cgqr lh vU; 'kh?kz ifjiDo gksus okyh Js"B fdLeksa dks muds D;wih,e fdLe esa cnyk x;k gSA<br />

6-28 ijkvkuqoaf'k<strong>dh</strong>; Qlyksa ¼vuqoaf'k<strong>dh</strong>; :i es vk'kksf/kr th,e Qlyksa½ ds fy, lokZf/kd ck/;dkjh ekeyk fuEufyf[kr esa<br />

;ksxnku djus <strong>dh</strong> mu<strong>dh</strong> {kerk gS% ¼1½ o£)r Qly mRikndrk rFkk bl izdkj oSf'od [kkn~;] vkgkj rFkk js'ksa <strong>dh</strong> lqj{kk esa ;ksxnku<br />

¼2½ mriknu ykxr esa deh ¼3½ mPp mRikndrk nsus esa l{ke Hkwfe <strong>dh</strong> cpr djus okyh izkSn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong> ds :i esa tSo fofo/krk <strong>dh</strong><br />

laj{k.k ¼4½ vkSj vf/kd fuoZguh; d`f"k ,oa i;kZoj.k ds fy, ckgjh vknkuksa dk vkSj izHkkoh mi;ksx ¼5½ tSfod rFkk vtSfod nckoksa<br />

ds dkj.k vdky ds le; eqlhcrksa es deh ykus ds fy, mRiknu ds LFkkf;Ro esa o`f) djuk rFkk ¼6½ vkfFkZd rFkk lkekftd ykHkksa<br />

esa lq/kkjA<br />

6-29 Hkkjr esa 2002 eas chVh dikl <strong>dh</strong> [ksrh 'kq: gksus ds i'pkr~ dikl mRiknu esa egRoiw.kZ o`f) gqbZA chVh dikl ds rgr {ks=<br />

2002 esa 29]307 gSDVsñ ls c


d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj 135<br />

lalk/ku izcaèu dk dke thukse lalk/kuksa ds mi;ksx ds fy, tSfod vklwpuk midj.kksa ds fodkl] d`f"k ds fy, egRoiw.kZ thuksa <strong>dh</strong><br />

[kkst rFkk mu<strong>dh</strong> dk;Z&iz.kkyh dk izek.ku rFkk thukse lalk/kuksa vkSj midj.kksa ds fodkl ds lkFk fd;k tkrk gSA<br />

pqukSfr;ka<br />

6-33 gky ds o"kks± esa fuos'k esa deh] volajpukRed fodkl] laLFkkxr ifjorZu] miyC/k l{ke izkSn~;ksfxfd;ksa ds Hkh de izlkj rFkk<br />

izkSn~;ksfxfd;ksa esa vf/kd lq/kkj u gksus ds dkj.k dqy dkjd mRikndrk ds :i esa d`f"k mRikndrk esa o`f) de gksrh jgh gSA dqN [kkn~;<br />

ftalksa es de o`f) rFkk bl<strong>dh</strong> ekax esa vf/kd of`) ds dkj.k vkiwfrZ rFkk ekax ds chp dk varj c


136 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

6-38 21oha lnh ds bl n'kd esa tSfod rFkk vtSfod nksuksa nckoksa ds fy, lfg".kq thu miyC/k djkdj vkuqoaf'k<strong>dh</strong>; :i esa<br />

fodflr Qlyksa ij vf/kd cy fn;k x;k gSA rFkkfi] fo'ks"k :i ls nkyksa] lfCt;ksa rFkk [kkn~; Qlyksa ds fy, vf/kd vuqla/kku<br />

iz;kl rFkk rsth ls ifj.kke izkIr djus ds fy, fuos'k vko';d gSA th,e [kkn~; Qlyksa ij jk"Vªh; uhfr ds rgr ykxr izHkkoh rFkk<br />

mPp mit nsus okyh Qly fdLeksa ds vuq:i th,e Qly vk/kkfjr d`f"k ds fodkl <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA<br />

lh3@lh4 iz.kkfy;ksa ds tfj, izdk'k la'ys"k.k<br />

6-39 lh3 vukt mRiknd Qly ikS/kksa dks lh4 izdkj esa cnyus esa orZeku oSKkfud fodkl dk mi;ksx djus <strong>dh</strong> laHkkouk feyus ls<br />

dkcZuMkbZ vkDlkbZM lkanz.k esa izR;kf'kr o`f) dk lqfo/kktud mi;ksx gksxkA<br />

tSo vklwpuk<br />

6-40 nwljh ih


d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj 137<br />

cgqr ls varjkZ"Vªh; dk;ZØeksa ds vykok {ks= fof'k"V vuqla/kku djrs gSa ftuesa bu eqíksa dk lek/kku fd;k tkrk gSA varjkZ"Vªh; lkyUlh<br />

ftukse usVodZ dk;ZØe rFkk dsyk vkSj IykUVsu ds lq/kkj ij varjkZ"Vh; usVodZ uked nks tsuksfed usVodZ ifj;kstuk,a ckxokuh Qlyksa<br />

ds {ks= esa vkbZlh,vkj <strong>dh</strong> fofHkUu laLFkkvksa esa izpkfyr <strong>dh</strong> tk jgh gSaA<br />

ckxokuh Qlyksa esa Qly lq/kkj<br />

6-43 fu;fer Qly nsus okyh vke <strong>dh</strong> ladj fdLesa] fu;kZr xq.koÙkk ds vaxwj] cgq&jksx jks/kh lCth fdLesa] mPp ewY; okys elkys<br />

rFkk vkSn~;ksfxd egRp <strong>dh</strong> dUn Qlyksa dk fodkl fd;k x;k gS rFkk blls ckxokuh {ks= esa Økafr vk x;h gSA dqN mit nsus okys<br />

xkSjh ladj rFkk JhHknz 'kdjdan <strong>dh</strong> dqiks"k.k dks nwj djus rFkk iks"k<strong>dh</strong>; lqj{kk esa lq/kkj ykus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA blh izdkj] 'kjkc<br />

fuekZ.k ds fy, mi;qDr vaxwj ds dYVhojksa] lqxaf/kr ;kSfxd ^dSfj;ksfQfyu* esa le`) dkyh fepZ ds dYVhojksa dk fodkl rFkk<br />

izlaLdj.k VekVj dk fodkl vkfn ds fy, iztuu dqN ,sls vuqla/kku dk;ZØe gSa ftudks fofHkUu ckxokuh laLFkkuksa esa lapkfyr fd;k<br />

tk jgk gSA fpIl cukus ds fy, vkyw esa izlaLdj.k xq.koÙkk rFkk mPp foyk;d 'kdZjk ls ;qDr lQsn I;kt esa izlaLdj.k xq.koÙkk ds<br />

fy, fdLeksa dk fodkl fd;k tk jgk gS rFkk [kkn~; ds :i esa mRiknu ds fy, iihrk <strong>dh</strong> fdLeksa dk fodkl dqN ,sls lQy<br />

vuqlaèku dk;ZØe gSa ftudks vkbZlh,vkj <strong>dh</strong> fofHkUu laLFkkvksa esa lapkfyr fd;k x;k gSA<br />

mPp mRikndrk rFkk xq.koÙkk ds fy, ladj izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong><br />

6-44 ladj izkSn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong> ls lCth Qlyksa ds mRiknu esa Økafr vk xbZ gS rFkk ladj chtkas <strong>dh</strong> ekax esa yxkrkj o`f) gks jgh gSA ns'k ds<br />

fofHkUu LFkyksa ij VekVj] fepZ] [khjk rFkk [kjcwt <strong>dh</strong> ladj fdLeksa dk mRiknu fd;k tk jgk gSA blds vykok] vf/kdka'kr% dksy<br />

Qlyksa ds vk;kfrr cht <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; fdlkuksa dks miyC/k gSaA vf[ky <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; leu~for lCth lq/kkj ifj;kstuk ds rgr vc rd 45 ls<br />

vf/kd ladj fdLeksa <strong>dh</strong> [ksrh <strong>dh</strong> flQkfj'k <strong>dh</strong> x;h gSA blds vykok futh {ks= n~okjk fodflr rFkk foif.kr lCth Qlyksa <strong>dh</strong><br />

cgqr lh ladj fdLesa Hkh fdlkuksa ds fy, miyC/k gSA orZeku esa lfCt;ksa <strong>dh</strong> ladj fdLeksa ds rgr {ks= dqy {ks= dk 10 izfr'kr gSA<br />

egRoiw.kZ lCth Qlyksa esa mPp mit nsus okyh ,Q1 ladj fdLeksa ds {ks= dk fodkl VekVj] iÙkk xksHkh rFkk cSxu ls fd;k x;k gS<br />

vkSj ladj f'keyk fepZ vkSj fepZ ds rgr {ks= esa o`f) gks jgh gSA mPp mRiknu] 'kh?kzrk mUur xq.koÙkk] leku mRikn rFkk tSfod ,oa<br />

vtSfod ncko ds izfr izfrjks/k ,Q1 ladj fdLeksa ds izeq[k ykHk gSaA fepZ <strong>dh</strong> okf.kfT;d ladj fdLeksa rFkk iz;ksxkRed :i esa I;kt<br />

<strong>dh</strong> l{ke ladj fdLeksa dk mRiknu djus ds fy, lkbVksIykfTed esy LVsjkby fdLeksa dk lQy mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA VekVj] cSxu<br />

rFkk fepZ <strong>dh</strong> tsusfVd esy LVsjkby fdLeksa dk fodkl fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj fofHkUu dsUnzksa ij ykxr izHkkoh iz;ksxkRed ladjksa ds fodkl<br />

esa budk lQy mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA viuh dq'kyrk dk mi;ksx djds fdlkuksa n~okjk fepZ ¼lh,p1] lh,p3] lhlh,p3½] cSxu<br />

¼dk'kh lans'k½ VekVj ¼Vh,p1½ <strong>dh</strong> ladj fdLeksa dk mRiknu fd;k tk jgk gSA fodflr cgqr lh fdLeksa <strong>dh</strong> ewy fdLesa<br />

xSj&,dkafrd vk/kkj ij cht daifu;ksa dks csp nh xbZ gSa ftldk mís'; fdlkuksa esa bu ladj fdLeksa dks c


138 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

xq.koÙkk jksi.k lkexzh rFkk cht izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong><br />

6-46 dsyk] vkyw rFkk lkbVªl esa lQyrk] izo)Zu <strong>dh</strong> rduh<strong>dh</strong>] izo)Zu <strong>dh</strong> okuLifrd fof/k;ksa ds fy, izkS|ksfxfd;ksa rFkk lh,e,l<br />

dk mi;ksx djrs gq, ladj chtksa <strong>dh</strong> mRiknu ds fy, rduh<strong>dh</strong> rFkk cht mRiknu esa izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> ifjorZu gq, gSA okuLifrd izo)Zu <strong>dh</strong><br />

dfM+;ksa esa lapfjr gks jgh chekfj;ksa ds ckjs esa tkudkjh esa Hkh lq/kkj gqvk gS vkSj vc 'kh?kz irk yxkus ds fy, uSnkfud rduh<strong>dh</strong> miyC/k gSA<br />

lgk;d uhfr;ksa ls Hkh fdlkuksa dks loksZÙke lkexzh miyC/k djkus esa enn feyh gSA rFkkfi] dsfUnzd] vk/kkjh rFkk izekf.kr chtksa ds<br />

mRiknu ls lacaf/kr cht J`a[kyk nqcZy gSA xq.koÙkkizn ikS/k ds izca/ku esa lq/kkj <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gS rkfd xq.koÙkk cht rFkk LoLFk jksi.k<br />

lkexzh lqfuf'pr <strong>dh</strong> tk ldsA vr% ;g vfuok;Z gS fd bl lanHkZ esa izkS|ksfxfd;ksa vkSj uhfr;ksa <strong>dh</strong> :ijs[kk dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k tk,<br />

rkfd Hkfo"; <strong>dh</strong> pqukSfr;ksa dk lek/kku fd;k tk lds D;ksafd mfpr cht rFkk jksi.k lkexzh ckxokuh esa lQyrk dk vk/kkj gSA<br />

LokLF; izca/ku ds fy, MkbXuksfLVDl<br />

6-47 fofHkUu fo"kk.kqvksa] thok.kqvksa rFkk dodksa ds fy, fofHkUu MkbXuksfLVDl fof/k;ka tSls ,fylk] ihlhvkj] eYVhIysDl ihlhvkj]<br />

jh;y VkbZe ihlhvkj miyC/k gSaA lkbVªl] dsyk] vkyw] ukfj;y rFkk dan Qlyksa esa QkbVksFkksjk vkSj fo"kk.kqvksa <strong>dh</strong> rsth ls igpku ds<br />

fy, ihlhvkj vk/kkfjr MkbXuksfLVDl izksVksdky dk fodkl fd;k x;k gSA<br />

mPp ?kuRo esa jksi.k <strong>dh</strong> i)fr<br />

6-48 mPp ?kuRo esa jksi.k <strong>dh</strong> izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> dks cgqr lh Qlyksa ds fy, ekud :i fn;k x;k gS rFkk Hkkjr esa cgqr ls Qy mRikndksa<br />

}kjk viuk;k Hkh x;k gSA dsyk] vUukukl] ve:n] iihrk] vke rFkk dktw ds ekeys esa bls lQyrk feyh gSA mPp ?kuRo okys ckxkuksa<br />

ls vR;f/kd mit gh ugha] cfYd vkjafHkd o"kks± esa izfr bdkbZ {ks= ls vkfFkZd ykHk Hkh feyk gS vkSj blls vknkuksa ds vkSj vf/kd izHkkoh<br />

mi;ksx esa Hkh lqfo/kk feyh gSA vke] ve:n] iihrk rFkk vukj ds ekeys esa mPp ?kuRo esa jksi.k ls fudVLFk varjky ds ek/;e ls lkekU;<br />

varjky <strong>dh</strong> rqyuk esa mit dk


d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj 139<br />

fMªi flapkbZ fofHkUu ckxkuh Qlyksa rFkk lfCt;ksa esa 25 ls 60 izfr'kr flapkbZ ty <strong>dh</strong> cpr djds rFkk flapkbZ <strong>dh</strong> ikjaifjd fofè;ksa<br />

<strong>dh</strong> rqyuk esa 10 ls 60 izfr'kr <strong>dh</strong> mit esa o`f) ds lkFk mPp ty mRikndrk nsus esa lQy lkfcr gqbZ gSA ;g flapkbZ <strong>dh</strong> vk/kqfud<br />

fof/k;ksa esa ls ,d gS tks mu {ks=ksa esa yksdfiz; gks jgh gS tgka ty <strong>dh</strong> deh rFkk yo.k <strong>dh</strong> leL;k gSA ckxkuh Qlyksa rFkk lfCt;ksa ds<br />

ekeys esa moZj.k ,d mRd`"V rduhd gS D;ksafd iks"kd rRo ikni o`f) <strong>dh</strong> fof'k"V voLFkk ds fy, mi;qDr le; ij vkSj lgh ek=k<br />

esa ikS/kksa dks fn;k tk ldrk gSA iks"kd rRo ,oa ty mi;ksx <strong>dh</strong> {kerk esa <strong>12</strong>0 ls 290 izfr'kr rd lq/kkj ykus ds fy, Qyksa ¼vke]<br />

dssyk] vaxwj] iihrk] vukj] lkbVªl rFkk LVªkcsjh½] lfCt;ksa ¼VekVj] fepZ] cSxu] vksdkjk] vkyw] [kjcwt] [khjk½] ltkoVh ikS/kksa<br />

¼xqykc] tjcsjk] dkusZlu½ rFkk jksi.kh Qlyksa ¼ukfj;y] lqikjh rFkk dkQh½ esa moZj.k <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk dks eku<strong>dh</strong>d`r fd;k x;k gSA<br />

tSfod ckxokuh<br />

6-51 Hkkjr tSfod pk; ds fu;kZr ds fy, vPNh rjg ls tkuk tkrk gS rFkk elkyksa] Qyksa rFkk lfCt;ksa ds fy, blds ikl ,d Js"B<br />

cktkj Hkh gSA cgqr lh ckxokuh Qlyksa esa tSfod [ksrh ds fy, izksVksdky rS;kj fd;k x;k gS ftlesa tSfod fu;a=.k rFkk tSo<br />

<strong>dh</strong>Vuk'kdksa ds mi;ksx ds lkFk izfrjks/kh fdLeksa dk mi;ksx] e`nk oehZ daiksLV rFkk moZjdksa dk izca/ku vkSj jksxksa o <strong>dh</strong>Vksa dk izca/ku<br />

'kkfey gSA<br />

ckxokuh vk/kkfjr Qly iz.kkyh<br />

6-52 QkeZ lalk/kuksa ds lrr~ mi;ksx rFkk tksf[ke esa deh ds fy, Qkfe±x iz.kkyh rFkk Qlyu i)fr iz.kkyh <strong>dh</strong> okf"kZd ckxokuh<br />

Qlyksa esa lQyrkiwoZd izn'kZu fd;k x;k gSA Qkfe±x iz.kkyh ds fofHkUu ekMyksa dk fodkl fd;k x;k gSA Nk;k esa mxus okyh lqxaf/kr<br />

rFkk vkS"k/kh; ikS/kksa tSls ikVpksyh] jkst tsjkfu;e] yEch dkyh fepZ] liZxa/kk] dpksye vkfn <strong>dh</strong> [ksrh ukfj;y rFkk lqikjh ds rgr<br />

lQyrkiwoZd <strong>dh</strong> x;h gSA ,yhQsaV QwV tehdan <strong>dh</strong> [ksrh yhph] ukfj;y] dsyk ds ckxkuksa esa var% Qly das :i esa <strong>dh</strong> tkrh gSA<br />

dkyh fepZ] vnjd] gYnh] ofuyk] tkfo=h] ykSax rFkk dqN vkS"k/kh; ikS/kksa tSls ekeyksa <strong>dh</strong> [ksrh ukfj;y ds lkFk var% Qly ds :i<br />

esa <strong>dh</strong> tkrh gSA<br />

mPp izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> ckxokuh rFkk izslhtu Qkfe±x<br />

6-53 izslhtu Qkfe±x ds fy, LFkku fof'k"V mPp izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> fØ;kdykiksa ds tfj, lalk/kuksa ds izHkkoh izca/ku <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gksrh<br />

gSA mPp izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> ckxokuh esa fofHkUu izdkj ds fØ;kdyki tSls lw{e flapkbZ] moZj.k] lajf{kr rFkk xzhu gkml [ksrh] e`nk ,oa i.kZ<br />

iks"kd rRo vk/kkfjr moZjd izca/ku] Lo&LFkkus ueh laj{k.k ds fy, iyokj Mkyuk] lw{e dkf;d izo)Zu] teZ IykTe ds fy, tSo<br />

izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong>] vkuqoaf'k<strong>dh</strong>; :i ls vk'kksf/kr Qlysa] tSo moZjdksa dk mi;ksx] oehZ dYpj] mPp ?kuRo esa jksi.k] mPp izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong><br />

;a=hdj.k] gjk pkjk] e`nkghu lao)Zu] tSfod fu;a=.k vkfn 'kkfey gSaA i)fr;ksa ds iSdst ij vk/kkfjr flQkfj'kksa ds lkFk izslhtu<br />

Qkfe±x ds rgr moZjdksa ds vuqiz;ksx ls ykHk feyk gSA yxHkx 17 izslhtu Qkfe±x fodkl dsUnz fofHkUu lL; tyok;qoh; vapyksa esa<br />

LFkkfir fd, x, gSaA dqqN Qlysa ftuds fy, izslhtu Qkfe±x ds ?kVdksa dks viuk;k x;k gS] dsyk] vaxwj] vukj] f'keyk fepZ] VekVj]<br />

fepZ] dktw rFkk p;fur Qwy gSaA<br />

ikni LokLF; izca/ku iz.kkyh<br />

6-54 cgqr ls ,sls <strong>dh</strong>V rFkk jksx tSls taxyh eD[kh] ruk o Qy cksjj] ckdZ bfVax] yhQ xky fet] ,fQM] dqV<strong>dh</strong> rFkk eksFk vkSj<br />

jkssx tSls LdSc] ikmMjh ekbyfM] yhQ LikV] czkmu LikV] xeksfll] dSadj] fofHkUu ckxokuh Qlyksa dks xaHkhj {kfr igaqpkrs gSaA<br />

fofHkUu <strong>dh</strong>Vksa esa nhed rFkk jksMsaV Hkh fo'ks"k :i ls de o"kkZ okys {ks= esa vR;f/kd gkfu igaqpkrs gSA fofHkUu dsUnzksa ij fofHkUu jksxksa vkSj<br />

<strong>dh</strong>Vksa dk jklk;fud fu;a=.k djus ds fy, fof/k;ka fodflr <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSa fdUrq ikfj<strong>fLFkfr</strong><strong>dh</strong> ds vuqdwy iz.kkyh <strong>dh</strong> vHkh Hkh


140 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

vko';drk gSA foxr nks n'kdksa ds nkSjku lesfdr <strong>dh</strong>V izca/k ckxokuh mRiknu dk;ZØeksa esa gkfl;s ls gVdj dsUnz esa vk x;k gSA<br />

fofHkUu d`fe <strong>dh</strong>Vksa ij fu;a=.k ds fy, cgqr lh rduhfd;ksa dk fodkl vkSj ifjektZu fd;k x;k gSA<br />

6-55 ckxokuh Qlyksa esa ikni LokLF; izca/ku ds fy, dsoy dVkbZ iwoZ gh ugha] cfYd dVkbZ i'pkr~~ Hkh ikni LokLF; izca/ku<br />

dk;Zuhfr;ksa tSls <strong>dh</strong>V rFkk jksx eqDr jksi.k lkexzh dk mRiknu] tSfod rFkk vU; o`f)ijd e`nk lq/kkjdksa dk mi;ksx izeq[k iSFkkstSal dk<br />

lwphdj.k] jksi.k lkexzh dk izek.ku] cht IykV rduh<strong>dh</strong> rFkk ewy ckxku rduh<strong>dh</strong> vU; ,sls mik;ksa dk vko';drk gksrh gSA jksx<br />

iwokZuqeku ekMy tks fodflr fd, x, gSa] jksx ds izdV gksus rFkk QSyus esa tyok;qoh; dkjdksa <strong>dh</strong> Hkwfedk ds fu/kkZj.k rFkk mfpr izca/ku<br />

dk;Zuhfr rS;kj djus esa mi;ksxh lkfcr gq, gSaA<br />

dVkbZ i'pkr izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong><br />

6-56 ckxokuh dks O;ogk;Z mn~;e ds :i esa fodflr djus ds fy, ewY; ifjo)Zu vko';d gSA izeq[k ckxokuh Qlyksa ds fy,<br />

dVkbZ lwpdkad] xzsfMax] iSdsftax] HkaMkj.k rduhfd;ksa dk fodkl fd;k x;k gS vkSj ekud :i fn;k x;k gSA cQZ esa lq[kkus] 'kq"d<br />

rFkk lalkf/kr] Qyksa] lfCt;ksa] elkyksa vkSj fd.ou mRiknksa lfgr Qyksa o lfCt;ksa ds futZyhdj.k ds tfj, ewY; ifjo)Zu dk fodkl<br />

fd;k x;k gSA vkyw ds fpIl] elkysnkj ySXl rFkk fQaxj] Qzsap Qz kbZ QkLV QwM O;kikj ds :i esa yksdfiz; gks jgh gSA twl] fpIl]<br />

vfuok;Z rsy] Qyksa ds 'kjkc tSls mRiknksa dk fodkl yksdfiz; gks jgk gSA fofHkUu rkts ckxokuh mRiknksa <strong>dh</strong> iSdsftax ds fy,<br />

lh,Qch] ja/kz;qDr iusV] fDayx fQYe jSIl] lSpsV vkfn tSlh iSfdax lkexzh dks ekud :i fn;k x;k gSA<br />

6-57 [kkn~; [kir <strong>dh</strong> iz.kkfy;ksa esa lqfo/kktud [kkn~; dks 'kfey fd, tkus ds lkFk izh&iSDM lykn] iSSDM [kqEch] csch dkuZ] Qz kstsu<br />

lfCt;ksa tSls mRiknksa ds fy, ekax esa o`f) gqbZ gSA iz'khru HkaMkj.k esa fuHkZjrk esa deh ykus ds fy, Qyksa o lfCt;ksa ds QkeZ ij HkaMkj.k<br />

ds fy, ikfj<strong>fLFkfr</strong><strong>dh</strong> ds vuqdwy de ykxr <strong>dh</strong> 'khr pSEcj rS;kj <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSA lqj{kk ¼<strong>dh</strong>Vuk'kdksa ls eqDr½] iks"k.k rFkk xq.koÙkk ij<br />

vR;f/kd cy nsrs gq, vk'kksf/kr okr iSdsftax rFkk HkaMkj.k iz.kkyh ds eku<strong>dh</strong>dj.k dks vuqla/kku dk;ZØeksa esa izkFkfedrk nh tk jgh gSA<br />

ckxokuh esa ;a=hdj.k<br />

6-58 Hkkjr esa vf/kdka'k ckxokuh izpkyu i'kq 'kfDr ls ;k gkFk ls fd, tkrs gSaA QkeZ izpkyu <strong>dh</strong> {kerk esa o`f) djus ds fy, cgqr<br />

lh e'khusa rFkk vkStkj fodflr fd, x, gSaA Qy Qlyksa esa VªSDVj pkfyr ihV&gksy Mhxj rFkk cqdsV ,DlDosVj fufeZr fd, x, gSa<br />

fdUrq QkeZ ij budk mi;ksx vHkh ugha gqvk gSA Qyksa <strong>dh</strong> ulZfj;ksa esa ehfM;k lhoj] ehfM;k feDlj rFkk IykfLVd cSx fQyj dk<br />

mi;ksx djds ;a=hdj.k fd;k x;k gSA<br />

ckxokuh Qlyksa esa tSo lqj{kk<br />

6-59 [kkn~; lqj{kk] ikni ,oa i'kq LokLF; rFkk i;kZoj.k ls lacaf/kr tksf[keksa dk fo'ys"k.k vkSj izca/ku djus ds fy, tSo lqj{kk<br />

dk;Zuhfrijd rFkk lesfdr iz.kkyh gSA blesa tSfod lqj{kk 'kfey gS tks iqu% fefJr Mh,u, izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> ds mi;ksx ls izkIr mRiknksa<br />

lfgr vk/kqfud tSo izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> dk i;kZoj.k <strong>dh</strong> n`f"V ls lqjf{kr vuqiz;ksx lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, viukbZ xbZ uhfr;ksa rFkk izfØ;kvksa<br />

dks ifjHkkf"kr djrh gSA<br />

6-60 ckxokuh Qlyksa thok.kq] dod rFkk fo"kk.kq tSls ikni iSFkkstsal dk losZ{k.k o fuxjkuh <strong>dh</strong> izfØ;k py jgh gSA ckxokuh<br />

Qlyksa esa jksxksa ds izdksi] fo'ks"k :i ls ckxokuh Qlyksa esa fo"kk.kqtU; gokbZV ykbZV] ,fQM rFkk fFzkIl ds izdksi rFkk tyok;q<br />

ifjorZu ls lacaf/kr dk;ZØe gSA fofHkUu ckxokuh Qlyksa tSls Qyksa] lfCt;ksa rFkk ltkoVh Qlyksa esa jksxksa ds fy, iwokZuqeku iz.kkyh<br />

rFkk okgd vkcknh <strong>dh</strong> ekfuVfjax lapkfyr <strong>dh</strong> tk jgh gSA Ård lao)Zu ls ifjof)Zr ckxokuh Qlyksa esa iSFkkstsal <strong>dh</strong> ekfuVfjax ds


d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj 141<br />

fy, ikap ekU;rk izkIr iz;ksx'kkyk,a miyC/k gSA orZeku esa vkbZlh,vkj fu;kZr rFkk ?kjsyw [kir ds fy, vk;kr] nksuksa ds fy, cht]<br />

izo/kZu lkexzh rFkk Ård lao)Zu esa Qyksa] lfCt;ksa vkSj ltkoVh ikS/kksa ds ikni iSFkkstsal ds fo'ys"k.k esa yxk gqvk gSA<br />

ckxokuh esa tSo izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong><br />

6-61 ckxokuh tSo izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> <strong>dh</strong> fofHkUu rduhdksa dks laHkkfor rFkk dk;Zdkjh nksuksa izdkj ds ekeyksa esa vR;f/kd lQyrk feyh<br />

gS] mnkgj.k ds fy,&Ård lao)Zu ds tfj, okf.kfT;d lw{e izo/kZu] teZ IykTe dk laj{k.k] ijkvkuqoaf'k<strong>dh</strong> dk fodkl] vk.kfod<br />

ekdZj] ekdZj ls lgk;rk izkIr iztuu rFkk fofHkUu vfeDl ¼tsuksfeDl] VªkalfØIVksfeDl] izksVh;ksfeDl] esVkscksyksfeDl] QsuksfeDl<br />

vkfn½A ckxokuh Qlyksa <strong>dh</strong> mUur mRikndrk] xq.koÙkk rFkk of)Zr HkaMkj.k {kerk ds ekeys esa tSfod vklwpuk] thu lkbysaflax] thu<br />

fijkfeM] thu ekbfuax rFkk yf{kr izksVhu bathfu;fjax tSls u, {ks=ksa ls laHkkouk,a cuh gSA vtSfod nckoksa ¼lw[kk rFkk yo.krk ds izfr<br />

lfg".kq½ ds ekeys esa izfrjks/k mRiUu djus okyh thuksa] 'kkduk'kh lfg".kqrk ls Hkh ijkvkuqoaf'k<strong>dh</strong>; oS/khdj.k ds tfj, mudk ewY;<br />

iznf'Zkr gqvk gSA<br />

6-62 Hkkjr esa O;kid :i ls u, y{k.kksa okyh cgqr lh ijkvkuqoaf'k<strong>dh</strong>; ckxokuh Qlysa vfxze ewY;kadu ds fofHkUu pj.kksa esa gSA<br />

vkxkeh o"kks± esa Hkkjr rFkk fons'k esa ckxokuh ds {ks= esa dk;Zjr vU; vuqla/kku laLFkku] <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; ckxokuh vuqla/kku laLFkku rFkk<br />

vkbZlh,vkj ds vU; laLFkkuksa esa ewY; of)Zr ijkvkuqoaf'k<strong>dh</strong>; y{k.kksa okyh cgqr lh th,e ckxokuh Qlysa okf.kfT;dj.k ds fy,<br />

rS;kj gks tk,xhA fo"kk.kqvksa ds mUewyu ds fy, lkbVªl esa esjhLVse dYpj rFkk ekbØks xzkfaVx dk mi;ksx lQy jgk gSA f'keyk fepZ<br />

<strong>dh</strong> fdLe vdkZ xkSjo vkSj VekVj <strong>dh</strong> ladj fdLe vfouk'k 2 ds ,aFkj us fcuk fdlh O;o/kku ds Hkw.ktU; lao)Zu <strong>dh</strong> izfrfØ;k nh<br />

gSA cSxu] dkyh fepZ] iÙkk xksHkh] Qwy xksHkh] vkyw] lrkojh rFkk xktj ds fy, ,aMªkstsusfll dk lQy mi;ksx fd;k x;k gS tcfd<br />

I;kt esa xkbZukstsusfll lQy jgk gSA dsyk <strong>dh</strong> ladj fdLeksa ewlk ,D;wfeuSaVk] ,eñ ckfYcfl;kuk] dSjhdk ii;k] lhñ dkuhyksjk]<br />

vUukukl esa var% fof'k"V ladj fdLeksa rFkk lhMysl ,Dl lhMysl vaxwj <strong>dh</strong> fdLeksa ds mRiknu esa ,Eczk;ks jsLD;w dk lQy iz;ksx<br />

fd;k x;k gSA<br />

6-63 fofHkUu vuqla/kku dsUnzksa ds fy, vke] dsyk] dktw] fxjh] <strong>dh</strong>fo Qy] v[kjksV] vaxwj] lkbVªl vkfn ds fQaxj fizaV ysus ds iz;kl<br />

fd, tk jgs gSA cSxu] VekVj] f'keyk fepZ tSlh cgqr lh Qlyksa esa D;wVh,y ekufp=.k dk dke izxfr ij gS] tcfd dkyh fepZ] bykbZph<br />

rFkk ukfj;y tSlh okf"kZd Qlyksa ds ekeys esa vlksfl,'ku ekufp=.k ¼fyadst fMl,Dohfyfcz;e½ dk mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSA<br />

lkysfu;l lfCt;ksa esa mi;ksxh ftuksa ds fy, thu fijkfeM dk dke ,d i`"BHkwfe okyh okf.kfT;d fdLe ds fy, mi;ksxh gSA<br />

6-64 ijkvkuqoaf'k<strong>dh</strong> ds fodkl ds fy, usVodZ ifj;kstuk ifjpkfyr <strong>dh</strong> tk jgh gS ftlesa dsyk] cSxu] dlkok] iihrk] vkyw vkSj<br />

VekVj tSlh N% ckxokuh Qlysa 'kfey gSA ØkbZ1 ,ch thu ls ;qDr cgqr lh ijkvkuqoa'k<strong>dh</strong>; fdLesa fodflr <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gS ftuesa<br />

vR;fèd gkfu igqapkus okys <strong>dh</strong>Vksa] lkekU;r% ysfiMksIVsjk] rRi'pkr dksfy;ksIVsjk rFkk fMIVsjk ds fy, izfrjks/kd {kerk gSA vkyw esa<br />

vejsUFkl gkbiksdksUMªh;kDl ls vejaFk cht ,Ycksfeu thu dk varj.k djds iks"k.k ds ekeys esa mUur Vªkaltsfud vkyw izkIr fd;k x;k<br />

gS vkSj bUojVsl bUghfcVj thu dk mi;ksx djds vkyw esa ehBk gksus <strong>dh</strong> izfØ;k dks cnyus esa lQyrk feyh gSA<br />

tSfod :i ls lfØ; ?kVd&iks"k.k ewY; esa o`f)<br />

6-65 VekVj ls dSjksVhuksabM~l] czsfldk lfCt;ksa ls XywdksfluksysV~l] lks;kchu ls QkbVksLVªkstsUl rFkk fofHkUu ikS/kksa ls QsuksfyDl rFkk<br />

,aVhvkDlhMsaV tSlh Qly esa lfØ; ?kVdksa esa o`f) djus <strong>dh</strong> ,d ubZ iz.kkyh ls cgqr ls jksxksa ls lqj{kk djus es enn feyrh gSA taxyh<br />

jrkyw ¼Mk;ldksfj;k foykslk½ tSlh MSldksfj;k iztkfr ls QkbVksLVªkstsUl esa cgqr ls HkkSfrd ykHk Hkh gSaA 'kdjdan <strong>dh</strong> dqN fdLeksa esa<br />

e/kqesg dks fu;af=r djus <strong>dh</strong> {kerk gSA


142 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

ckxokuh Qlyksa esa tSo fofo/krk<br />

6-66 ,d lqO;ofLFkr iSekus ij Hkkjr <strong>dh</strong> ckxokuh tSo fofo/krk dk ekufp=.k djus ls vikj laHkkouk,a mRiUu gksrh gS vkSj le>us<br />

<strong>dh</strong> izfØ;k ls ysdj u, mRiknksa ds fodkl rd cgqr ls ykHk feyrs gSaA buds vkadM+ksa ds vk/kkj ls iztkfr;ksa <strong>dh</strong> ubZ forj.k jsat dk<br />

irk yxkus esa enn feysxh rFkk mu iztkfr;ksa <strong>dh</strong> vkcknh <strong>dh</strong> [kkst gksxh ftudks LFkkuh; :i ls foyqIr eku fy;k x;k gSA mnkgj.k<br />

ds fy, if'peh ?kkV <strong>dh</strong> furkar :i ls nqyZHk vkSj LFkkfud o`{k iztkfr] lsehdkiZl dFkydkusesfll ¼oa'k ,ukdkfMZ;klh½ iztkfr gS<br />

ftlds dsoy pkj Kkr vkcknh ds laLFkku gSaA MkVkcsl ds lkFk&lkFk gky gh esa thvkbZ,l ekMfyax midj.kksa ds mi;ksx ls bu<br />

iztkfr;ksa <strong>dh</strong> vkcknh ds LFkku gSaA MkVkcsl ds lkFk&lkFk gky gh esa thvkbZ,l ekMfyax midj.kksa ds mi;ksx ls bu iztkfr;ksa <strong>dh</strong><br />

vkcknh vkSj vfrfjDr LFkyksa <strong>dh</strong> [kkst gqbZ gS ftlls dqN lhek rd foyqIr gksus okyh iztkfr;ksa ds xaHkhj [krjksa dk lek/kku gqvk gSA<br />

varjky rFkk xSj&varjky okys MkVkcsl ls jklk;fud izfØ;kvksa esa enn feysxhA v/;;uksa ls dsoy lhihVh <strong>dh</strong> ek=k ds ekeys esa<br />

i;kZIr HkkSxksfyd fopyu dk gh irk ugha pyk gS cfYd blls iztkfr;ksa <strong>dh</strong> vkcknh rFkk mPp mit nsus okyh iztkfr;ksa <strong>dh</strong> [kkst Hkh<br />

gqbZ gSA blds ifj.kkeLo:i blds fy, mPp ekax dks iwjk djus ds fy, iztkfr;ksa dks e/;e Lrj ij ?kjsyw cukus esa enn feyh gSA<br />

vk'kk <strong>dh</strong> tkrh gS fd fudV Hkfo"; esa ftal fof'k"V MkVkcsl fodflr gksus ls ns'k ds le`) ckxokuh tSfod lalk/kuksa ls ubZ izfØ;kvksa<br />

RkFkk mRiknksa <strong>dh</strong> [kkst gksxhA<br />

pqukSfr;ka<br />

6-67 tyok;q ifjorZu dks tksf[ke ekuk x;k gS rFkk rkieku esa o`f)] =qfViw.kZ o"kkZ] u, izdkj ds tSfod rFkk vtSfod nckoksa ds<br />

dkj.k bldk ckxokuh Qlyksa ij egRoiw.kZ izHkko gksxkA tSfod rFkk vtSfod nckoksa ds dkj.k mRiUu tksf[ke ds rgr Qly mRiknu<br />

ij lrr vuqla/kku <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA ckxokuh ftalksa <strong>dh</strong> uk'koku izd`fr esa deh ykus ds fy, Qlyksaijkar izkFkfed izlaLdj.k dk<br />

LFkk;h egRo gSA<br />

Hkkoh dk;ZØe<br />

6-68 of)Zr ckxokuh mRikndrk RkFkk vk/kqfud izkS|ksfxfd;ksa vkSj fofo/k Qly i)fr;ksa ds vuqiz;ksx ds tfj, foi.ku] izlaLdj.k]<br />

_.k] Qlyksijkar gkfu ij jksd tSlh mRiknksa ls tqM+h gqbZ lgk;d lsok,a izeq[k mís'; esa 'kfey gSA blds tjf, lewps o"kZ esa vklku<br />

ewY;ksa ij Qyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa <strong>dh</strong> i;kZIr miyC/krk ds fy, vuqdwy ifjos'k dk l`tu djds ?ksjyw Lrj ij iks"k.k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong> esa lq/kkj<br />

yk;k tk ldrk gSA Js"B xq.koÙkk <strong>dh</strong> jksi.k lkexzh vkSj chtksa ds iz;ksx rFkk mRiknu <strong>dh</strong> {kerk esa o`f) djds ckxokuh Qlyksa ¼Qyksa]<br />

lfCt;ksa vkSj elkyksa½ ds o"kZ Hkj mRiknu vkSj mRikndrk esa djus ds fy, de vk; ds leqnk; esa lrr {kerk esa fodkl <strong>dh</strong><br />

vko';drk gksxhA QkeZ ij rFkk leqnk; vk/kkfjr mRiknksa ds j[k&j[kko dks c


d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj 143<br />

i'kq foKkku<br />

6-69 Hkkjr esa jkstxkj l`tu] lkE;k] lrrrk rFkk fons'kh eqnzk dk vtZu rFkk vk; ds :i esa i'kq mRiknu d`f"k {ks= dk vk/kkj gSA gjfr<br />

Økafr ds i'pkr~ vLlh ds n'kd esa rFkk 11oha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ds vkjafHkd 4 o"kks± ds nkSjku d`f"k mRiknu esa o`f) 4 izfr'kr <strong>dh</strong> y{;<br />

<strong>dh</strong> rqyuk esa FkksM+k de gSA blds foijhr i'kq mRiknu rFkk mRikndrk esa o`f) <strong>dh</strong> xfr izksRlkfgr djus okyh gSA blds vykok i'kq/ku ds<br />

xSj&[kkn~; ykHkksa esa js'ksa ¼Åu] eksgsj] cky vkfn½] peZ ;k ysnj] xkscj rFkk MªkV ,uthZ 'kfey gSaA bl {ks= ls fofHkUu uLyksa ds i'kqvksa<br />

ds MªkV ls i;kZIr ÅtkZ izkIr gksrh gSA d`f"k {ks= ds dqy mRiknu esa i'kq/ku {ks= dk yxHkx 29 izfr'kr fgLlk gSA orZeku <strong>fLFkfr</strong> ds<br />

vuqlkj fo'ks"k :i ls <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; n'kkvksa esa tgka vkcknh esa rsth ls o`f) vkSj c


144 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

eqxhZ ikyu vkSj vaMk mRiknu<br />

6-72 eqxhZ ikyu mn~;ksx us] tks i'kq izksVhu dk lLrk lzksr miyC/k djkrk gS vkSn~;ksfxd c


d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj 145<br />

ds dkj.k gSA LVkWd pquus dk cgqr vf/kd egRo gS] tks csgrj xq.koÙkk ekal vkSj vaMk mit ds fy, lgt {kerk j[krs gSaA izca/ku<br />

mRiknu ds dk;Z ;ksX; iSdst vkSj Dosy <strong>dh</strong> oSfDyfid ia[k] jax fdLesa oSKkfud lgk;rk] okf.kfT;kd Dosy mRiknu ds fy, fodflr<br />

<strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSaA tkikuh Dosy] dksVwjfuDl tiksfudk] lkekU;rk% cVsj ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gS] dks Dosy ds fodkl'khy [kkl vaMs vkSj ekal<br />

ykbuksa ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k tkrk FkkA egRoiw.kZ Dosy fdLesa lh,vkjvkbZ&iyZ] lh,vkjvkbZ&'osrk] lh,vkjvkbZ&mTtoy]<br />

lh,vkjvkbZ&mRre gSaA rq<strong>dh</strong>Z ds lh,vkjvkbZ&fojkV] xqfu;k esa Qksc~~yl] phrkEcjh] dknEcjh] 'osrkEcjh] cRr[k esa lQsn isfdu]<br />

[kk[kh dSEicsy] eksrh] ns'kh n~oh&mís'; lh,vkjvkbZ&nsosUnzkA<br />

NksVs tqxkyh djus okys i'kq<br />

6-76 vfodkfyu vkSj Hkkjr esfjuksa HksM+ksa <strong>dh</strong> ubZ ulysa NksVs tqxkyh djus okys i'kqvksa ds e/; fodflr <strong>dh</strong> tk jgh gSaA xsjksy<br />

tuunzO; iz;ksx djrs gq, ekyiqjk ls iztuu'khy HksM+ksa dk fodkl izxfr ij gSA rS;kj <strong>dh</strong> xbZ egRoiw.kZ izkSn~;ksfxfd;ksa esa ls dqN<br />

cgq&Lrj d`f"k okfu<strong>dh</strong> iz.kkyh] HksM+ ds ekal ds fy, xgu eSeuk mRiknu] deh ds nkSjku vkgkj ds fy, iw.kZ vkgkj Cykd] rjy BaMs<br />

flesu ds ek/;e ls HksM+ksa dk d`f=e xHkkZ/kku] Hkzw.k LFkkukarj.k izkSn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong>] HksM+ ds fy, ykxr izHkkoh d`fe fu;a=.k dk;ZØe] laxfBr<br />

HksM ,oa cdjh Qkeks± rFkk Åu ,oa cky fefJr mRiknksa ds fy, chekjh MkVk lwpuk iz.kkyh ds ek/;e ls pkjs mRiknu dks vR;f/kd<br />

c


146 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

bls lekIr djus dk gSA dbZ oSfDlu] MªXl vkSj uSnkfud <strong>dh</strong>Vsa fodflr <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSa vkSj fon~;eku rFkk vkfoHkkZfor chekfj;ksa vkSj i'kq/ku<br />

vkSj eqxhZ ikyu ds ik;Fkkstul <strong>dh</strong> pqukSfr;ksa ls yM+us ds fy, le;&le; ij foØ; <strong>dh</strong> tkrh gSaaA rFkkfi] blesa vkS"kf/k;ksa dk mRiknu<br />

vkSj fofHkUu laØe.kdkjh ,oa xSj&laØe.kdkjh chekfj;ksa ds tSfod rFkk vtkuh bfV;ksykstht <strong>dh</strong> chekfj;ka Hkh] ftlesa lhek ikj ls<br />

vkbZ chekfj;ka Hkh 'kkfey gSa] dks c


d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj 147<br />

6-81 i'kq/ku {ks= esa lrr mPprj o`f) ds n~okjk ftlesa bls gkfly fd;k tk ldrk gS os laHkkouk,a vkSj jkLrs ftuesa iks"kd rRo<br />

vkgkj vkSj pkjs <strong>dh</strong> miyC/krk vkSj vkiwfrZ xaHkhj gSA blds vfrfjDr] vuqla/kku eqíksa dks gy djus ds fy, tSo izkSn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong> ds<br />

vkfojHkkfor {ks=ksa esa ,d etcwr ,pvkjMh dk;ZØe] tks i'kq/ku dks izHkkfor djus okyh leL;kvksa ij vuqla/kku djus ds fy, ,d<br />

usVodZ n`f"Vdks.k [k


148 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

mRiknu ds lkFk ,yñ oSUukeh <strong>dh</strong> [ksrh vc laHko gqbZ gS iztuu ds fy, izkSn~;skfxfd vkSj lhckl] cukuk flzEi vkSj eMdzc <strong>dh</strong> [ksrh<br />

tks vR;f/kd laHkkouk j[krh gS vc ns'k esa miyC/k gSA<br />

6-86 ns'k es rkts ty esa eRL; ikyu ds dkiZ] dsVkfQ'k] >haxk] eNyh rFkk ltkoVh eRL; egRoiw.kZ ?kVd gSaA ok;q&'oklh<br />

¼Dysfn;l osVMspl] lsVjksQsuqlVul Qksfly½ rFkk xSj ok;q&'oklh dsV eNfy;ksa ¼okykxksa dqVq] elVl fl?kkayk] ,e vks]<br />

isuxsflHkku isuxsfl;l½ ds izpyu rFkk lao/kZu ds fy, izkSn~;ksfxfd;ka miyC/k LoPN ty esa izksu izkSn~;ksfxfd;ksa esa lQyrk ij igys<br />

gh fdlkuksa dk /;ku vkd`"V gqvk gSA chgkQ ¼ykesfyMsal ekjthukyhl` ,y dksfj;al ra= ikjsf'k;k dksjxsV½ dsfUnzd jksi.k ds tfj,<br />

rkts ty esa laof)Zr iyZ ds mRiknu ls esyldu dYpj egRoiw.kZ gks x;k gS tcfd egRoiw.kZ izkSn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong>] izsfjr eRL; iztuu ds<br />

fefJr dk;Z lao/kZu ls ns'k esa dkiZ lao/kZu dks c


d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj 149<br />

esa ok;jy jksxksa ds fy, mRre izca/ku izpkyuksa gsrq izksVksdky ¼ch ,e ih½ rFkk jksx funku fdVksa ij vuqla/kku fodflr fd, x, gSaA<br />

,y ih ,Q izekf.kr chtksa dks iSnk djus rFkk d`"kdksa dks forfjr djus esa iz;Ruksa <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSa vks"kf/k] ltZjh rFkk [kkn~;<br />

izlaLdj.k esa vuqiz;ksx ds lkFk eRL; mi mRiknksa ds fy, cgqr lh izkSn~;ksfxfd;ka fodflr <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSa tSls phfVu] fPkVkslku] rkts ty<br />

dkiZ ls lthZdy lkexzh] dksykstsu fPkVsu tSls d`f=e Ropk] lkdZ dkfVZyst] lkdZ yhoj vk;y ls LDokfyu] 'kkdZfQu jst] 'kjkc<br />

mn~;ksx ds vkbZfle Xykl] lkanz I;wQk] vksesxk Fkzh QsVh,lhM ds lkFk eNyh dk rsy] vxj leqnhz [kjirokj ls vxzksl bUlwfyu] fQ'k<br />

,Ycksfeu] Xyksdkstkekbu] gkbZMªksDyksjkbM] okby ,dLVªDV] leqnzh [kjirokj ls nokbZ;ka rFkk jlk;u LVsjkbM rFkk fQ'k ftysfVauA<br />

[kkn~; mRiknksa ds okf.kfT;dj.k rFkk vk'kksf/kr ok;qeaMyh; iSdsftax] ftldk fodkl gqvk gS] leqnzh [kkn~; mn~;ksx ess egRoiw.kZ :>ku<br />

gS tksf[ke fo'ys"k.k rFkk egRoiw.kZ fu;a=.k LFkyksa tSls LoPNrk ekudksa dk vuqikyu vfuok;Z gS ftlds fy, izksVksdky dk fodkl<br />

fd;k x;k gSA<br />

6-90 Hkkjr esa O;kikfjd eNyh ikyu] vknku O;; dk egRoiw.kZ Hkkx vnk djrs gq, fefJr vkgkj ds iz;ksx dks O;kid :i ls<br />

'kkfey djrk gSA LFkkuh; miyC/k xSj&ikjEifjd d`f"k&mRiknksa rFkk eRL; ikyu vif'k"V ls xq.koRrk eRL; vkgkj mRiknu fodflr<br />

fd;k x;k gSA<br />

6-91 eNyh ikyu izpkyuksa ds rhozhdj.k dks ns[krs gq, fof'k"V :i ls >haxk eNyh rFkk dkiZ eNyh ikyu egRoiw.kZ gS O;kikj ds<br />

fy, eky dk irk yxkus rFkk ,UVh MfEiax tSl eqíksa dk eNyh ikyu mRiknksa ds fu;kZr esa c


150 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

izko/kkuksa dks fodflr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A xq.koRrk cht <strong>dh</strong> miyC/krk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, eNyh rFkk 'kSy eNyh cht izek.ku<br />

rFkk gSpjh izR;k;u dks izLrkfor fd;k tk jgk gSA vf/kd fof'k"V eNyh vkgkj ikS/ks <strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk <strong>dh</strong> tkuh pkfg, rFkk tUrq eqxhZ vkgkj<br />

ikS/kksa dk mfpr fofu;eu ds lkFk eNyh vkgkj ds mRiknu ds fy, izksRlkfgr djuk pkfg,A<br />

6-94 eNyh ikyu rFkk ?kjsyq xans ikuh ds mipkj gsrq Hkw&{kkjh; ty tSlh fuEu O;oLFkk esa midj.k ds :i esa lesfdr d`f"k rFkk<br />

eNyh ikyu dks vuqeksfnr fd;k x;k gSA iyZ dYpj] LiksVZ eNyh ikyu tSls lEc) igyw] ltkoVh eNyh iztuu rFkk eNyh ikyu<br />

dks fodflr fd;k tk;sxkA ns'k esa fofo/k miHkksDrk ojh;rk ds vuqdwy cukus ds fy, LokLF; vkgkj ds :i esa eNyh ikyu laoèZu<br />

ds fy,] Hkw&eNyh ikyu] eNyh ikyu] izpfyr eNyh mRikn fodkl esa] fofHkUu izpkyuksa ds fy, mi;qDr d`f"k izpkyuksa dk<br />

;a=hdj.k] izHkkoh 'khr J`a[kyk dk fodkl rFkk e.Mh ekWMYl] ,d mPprj cy Hkh izkIr dj ldrk gSA<br />

d`f"k vfHk;kaf=<strong>dh</strong><br />

6-95 d`f"k esa] mRiknu rFkk mRikndrk c


d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj 151<br />

6-98 ljdkj ls vkj ,.M Mh laLFkkuksa ds lrr iz;Ruksa ,oa leFkZu ds ifj.kkeLo:i d`f"k mRiknu rFkk izlaLdj.k ls lacaf/kr dbZ lQy<br />

bathfu;fjax izkS|ksfxfd;ksa dk fodkl gqvk gSA foxr o"kZ ds nkSjku egRoiw.kZ miyfC/k;ka fuEufyf[kr g®%—<br />

QkeZ ;a=hdj.k<br />

ÅtkZ<br />

dVkbZ<br />

pqukSfr;ka<br />

lw{e lhMj<br />

[kkn LizsMj<br />

:VØki gkjosLVj<br />

yglqu IykaVj<br />

lCth lhMfyax VªkalIykVj<br />

Qyksa <strong>dh</strong> lQkbZ ds fy, gkbZMªksfyd IysVQkeZ<br />

lesfdr Vªsyj ds lkFk lfEefyr LVªk<br />

IykfLVd egRo ds fy, iap IykaVj<br />

VªsDVj pkfyr pkjk gkosZLVj<br />

ck;ksekl vk/kkfjr xSj LVkso rFkk dqd&LVkso Qly vof'k"V ls ,ydksgy ¼bFkkuksy½ mRiknu ds fy, izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong>A<br />

xSj&[kk| rsyksa ls ck;ks&Mhty dk mRiknu<br />

ck;ksekl vk/kkfjr fodsUnzhd`r fo|qr mRiknu O;oLFkk dk fodkl i'pkr izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> rFkk ewY; o/kZuA<br />

dnUu ls cuk, x, inkFkZA<br />

fepZ] VekVj] beyh ds chtksa rFkk vukj ds nkuksa ds fy, fu"d"kZdA<br />

Qyksa <strong>dh</strong> lQkbZ] xzsfMax] osfDlax rFkk iSdsftax ds fy, izeq[k IykaVA<br />

pqdUnj] xktj] gjh fepZ] ljlksa lkx] vnjd] I;kt ls izkIr lw[ks ikÅMj tSls ewY; of/kZr lalkf/kr mRiknA<br />

vYi lalkf/kr rFkk egRoiw.kZ lfCt;ksa ds ,e , ih gsrq izksVksdkyA<br />

de ykxr xzhu gkÅlA<br />

dkiZ ds fy, ,Q vkj ih gspjhA<br />

6-99 d`f"k e'khuhdj.k] izlaLdj.k] ewY; o/kZu] [kk| xq.koÙkk rFkk lqj{kk rFkk ÅtkZ izca/ku ds lEeq[k fuEufyf[kr pqukSfr;ka 'kkfey<br />

g®%—<br />

vknku iz;ksx ds mPprj ;ksX;rk ds ek/;e ls mRikndrk rFkk ykHkiznrk dks c


152 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

mi;qDr izkS|ksfxfd;ksa rFkk dLVe gk;fjax eksMYl ds ek/;e ls y?kq QkeZ ;a=hdj.kA<br />

dikl rFkk xUuk Qlyksa dk ;a=hdj.kA<br />

fodsfUnzr ÅtkZ mRiknu gsrq vfrfjDr ck;ksekl dk iz;ksxA<br />

dVkbZ&i'pkr izca/ku {kfr esa deh rFkk ykHkiznrk dks c


d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj 153<br />

6-102 jkT; d`f"k fo'ofo|ky;ksa <strong>dh</strong>] lEcaf/kr jkT; ljdkjksa ls izeq[k foÙkh; leFkZu ds lkFk] lacaf/kr jkT; ds oS/kkfud vf/kfu;e<br />

ds ek/;e ls LFkkiuk <strong>dh</strong> tkrh gS] tks dk;Zdkjh rFkk uhfr fu;a=.k dks iz'kkflr djrk gSA <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn ds ek/;e ls<br />

dsUnzh; ljdkj ns'k esa mPprj f'k{kk <strong>dh</strong> xq.koÙkk rFkk izklafxdrk dks c


154 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

Lukrd Lrj ij v/k~;u gsrq yxHkx 1000 jkުh; VsysaV LdkWyjf'ki] 474 dfu"B vuqla/kku Qsykf'ki] LukdksRrj v/;;u<br />

ds fy, rFkk ih ,p Mh ds fy, 200 ofj"B vuqla/kku Qsykf'ki izR;sd o"kZ ekuo lalk/ku fodkl] jkުh; ,<strong>dh</strong>dj.k] bu<br />

czhfMax dks de djus ds {ks= esa iznku <strong>dh</strong> tkrh gSaA<br />

2009&10 esa izR;sd o"kZ 15 Qsyksf'ki ds izko/kkuksa ds lkFk (i) fons'k ds mRre fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa ls ,d esa <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; f'k{kk<br />

iznku djuk (ii) <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; dqf"k O;oLFkk <strong>dh</strong> {kerk ds izn'kZu <strong>dh</strong> lgk;rk ds fy, <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa fons'kh<br />

fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds ,Mfe'ku dks ljy cukuk] uked nksgjs mn~ns';ksa ds lkFk vkbZ lh , vkj us varjkZÞªh; Qsyksf'ki dk;ZØe dks<br />

vkjEHk fd;kA<br />

vkSipkfjd f'k{kk ds ek/;e ls vQzhdk rFkk vQxkfuLrku esa d`f"k esa ekuo lalk/ku fodkl ds fy,] Øe'k% 75 rFkk 115<br />

Qsyksf'ki ds lkFk] 2010&11 esssa Hkkjr&vQzhdk Qsykf'ki rFkk Hkkjr&vQxkfuLrku Qsykf'ki dk;ZØe vkjEHk fd;k x;kA<br />

lgdkfjrk ds pkj izeq[k vf/klwfpr {ks=ksa esa] mnkgj.k ds fy, (i) ekuo lalk/ku rFkk laLFkkxr dsislBh fcfYMax]<br />

(ii) d`f"k izlaLdj.k rFkk foi.ku] (iii) izkS|ksfxfd;ksa dk mHkjuk rFkk (iv) izkd`frd lalk/ku izca/ku esa baMks&;w ,l uksjeku<br />

oksjyk;w Qsyksf'ki dk;ZØe ds varxZr ;w ,l , esa 43 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; oSKkfudksa rFkk ladk; lnL;ksa dks izf'k{k.k fn;k x;kA<br />

mPp v/;;u ds 31 dsUæksa ds ek/;e ls ladk; {kerk esa lq/kkj fd;k x;kA<br />

egRoiw.kZ {ks=ksa esa izR;sd o"kZ LFkkfir yxHkx 90 xzh"e@'kjn fo|ky;ksa ds ek/;e ls yxHkx 2400 oSKkfudksa dks egRoiw.kZ<br />

{ks=ksa esa izf'k{k.k fd;k x;kA<br />

yxHkx 250 fons'kh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks izR;sd o"kZ nkf[ky djus ds lkFk fons'kh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks lqvolj iznku dj fodkl'khy<br />

ns'kksa ds e/; <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; mPprj d`f"k f'k{kk dk lao/kZuA<br />

vkbZ lh , vkj jkުh; izksQslj rFkk jkުh; Qsyks L<strong>dh</strong>eksa ds ek/;e ls jkުh; Lrj ij mRd`"Vrk dk lao/kZuA<br />

bl {ks= esa mRd`"Vrk ds dsUæ ds fodkl ds lkFk ^^Qly lq/kkj gsrq ck;ks&izks|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> esa ^^ukjeu ckjykx dk;ZØe**<br />

uked jkުh; izksQslj L<strong>dh</strong>e dk xBu fd;k gSA<br />

fof'k"V {ks=ksa esa vuqla/kku gsrq 100 egku] vHkwriwoZ oSKkfudksa dks vkbZ lh , vkj vokMZ iznku fd;k x;kA<br />

loksZRre v/;kid iqjLdkj laLFkk ds ek/;e ls fo'ofo|ky; Lrj ij vHkwriwoZ v/;kidksa <strong>dh</strong> igpkuA<br />

fdlh Hkh le; dgha Hkh fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks lh[kus ds fy, lqfo/kk,a iznku dj d`f"k fo'ofo|ky;ksa esa bZ&f'k{kk dks c


d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj 155<br />

pqukSfr;ka<br />

6-104 d`f"k f'k{kk esa] xq.koÙkk <strong>dh</strong> deh esa lq/kkj ds fy,] foxr gky gh esa iwoZ esa fy, x, fofHkUu mik; fd;s x;s gSa rFkk dqN<br />

ekeyksa esa] okLrfod lq/kkj izHkkfor gqvk Fkk ijUrq orZeku esa ifj<strong>fLFkfr</strong> i.k/kkjdksa <strong>dh</strong> vkdk{kkvksa ds vuq:i cgqr de gSA vf/kdka'k<br />

,lñ,ñ;wñ esa vi;kZIr jkT; foÙk iks"k.k] ladk; lqn`


156 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

fudk; Hkjrh rFkk fodkl] ;qok rFkk rst v/;kidksa ds fy, foÙkiks"k.k vk/kkfjr ifj;kstuk,a] iksLV&MksDVksjy Qsyksf'ki<br />

L<strong>dh</strong>e dks vkjEHk djuk( fudk; fofu;eu] lgk;d foftfVax izksQslj rFkk lsokeqDr oSKkfud L<strong>dh</strong>eksa dk lqn`


d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj 157<br />

díw esa lokZf/kd xEHkhj chekjh MkÅuh ekbYM;w jksx ds 'kq:vkr dk iwokZuqeku ds fy,] fu;e ij vk/kkfjr ,d iwokZuqeku iz.kkyh rS;kj <strong>dh</strong><br />

xbZ gS rFkk vkSlr nSfud rkieku dks 'kkfey djrs gq, bldk izek.ku rFkk jkf= esa i.kZ vknzZrk <strong>dh</strong> vof/k dk vkdyu fd;k x;k gSA o"kZ 2010<br />

rFkk 2011 esa iz;ksx dsUnzksa esa] 3 díw Qlyksa ij bl ekMy dk izek.ku fd;k x;k gS rFkk bl<strong>dh</strong> lQyrk nj 75% gSA bl ekMy dk fdlkuksa<br />

ds [ksrksa esa ijh{k.k fd;k tk jgk gSA<br />

izeq[k dan Qlyksa] dlkok] rkjks] ftehdan esa egRoiw.kZ QQwan tU; jksx ¼QkeVksFkksjk½]ikyxhoksjk] lsjksfV;e jkQlh ls mRiUu½ ds<br />

iz;ksx'kkyk vk/kkfjr vk.kfod fo'ys"k.k rduh<strong>dh</strong>] iztkfr fof'k"V izkbej] rFkk U;wdfyd ,flM tkap dk fodkl fd;k x;k gSA<br />

,xzks osDVhfj;e thok.kq ds jsfM;ksosDVj dk ,d ewy uksu&xky Qkfe±x vkblksysV ;w ,p ,Q ch ,&218 ¼psjh 2 bZ&2&2½ vkMw esa ØkÅu xky<br />

ij 92-147 fu;a=.k n'kkZrk gS tcfd thok.kq ds LVªsu ds&84 ftls fo'o esa vkMw esa cht mipkj ds fy, iz;ksx esa yk;k tkrk gS] 74-19%<br />

fu;a=.k djrk gSA vuqipkfjr ikS/kksa esa jksx <strong>dh</strong> ?kVuk 84-92% FkhA<br />

i'kqvksa esa egRoiw.kZ eqgaidk rFkk [kqjidk fo"kk.kq ds fy, ldkjkRed ekdZj osDlhu rS;kj fd;k x;k gS] rFkk bls ladj eknk cNM+ks esa bldk<br />

ijh{k.k fd;k x;k gSA osDlhu vuqla/kku rFkk fodkl ds fy,] ok;jy osDVj vk/kkfjr ,d uohu eqagidk rFkk [kqjidk jksx ok;jl ,f'k;k&1<br />

¼<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; osDlhu LVªksu½ Hkh fodflr fd;k x;k gSA<br />

miyC/k ikni dk;kZUrj.k fof/k;ksa ds le{k cgqr lh pqukSfr;ka gSa tSls ikni thukse esa iwoZ fu/kkZfjr yksdl esa] ;kn~fPNd lesdju] cgq ijkthu<br />

dkih] rFkk iwoZ dk;e v;ksX; ijkthuA ikni iz.kkyh esa xq.klq=ksa ij visf{kr LFkyksa esa thu dks tksM+us ds fy, rduhd dk fodkl fd;k x;k<br />

gSA thu dks tksM+us ds fy, pkoy ij ijh{k.k bl iz.kkyh <strong>dh</strong> izHkkfork dks n'kkZ;k gS rFkk lQyrk <strong>dh</strong> nj 17% mPp nj ij gSA bl rduhd<br />

dks ikS/kksa esa ijkuqokaf'k<strong>dh</strong> v/;;u eas igyh ckj ykxw fd;k x;k gSA<br />

foLrkj vuqla/kku<br />

6-106 foLrkj ds iz;kl rFkk izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> dk gLrkarj.k] jkT; ds lacaf/kr foHkkxksa] vkbZ lh , vkj laLFkkuksa rFkk , ;w <strong>dh</strong> vxz.kh foLrkj<br />

O;oLFkkvksa] lkewfgd cksMks±] xSj ljdkjh laxBuksa ¼,u th vks½ rFkk LoSfPNd laxBuksa }kjk lapkfyr QhYM foLrkj dk feJ.k gSA ijUrq<br />

muesa ls vf/kdka'k vHkh rd fdlkuksa ds xzkgdx.k ds O;kid izfrcac rd igqapus ds fy, iz;kl dj jgs gSa tks fd leL;kvksa dks<br />

lqy>kus ds fy, izkS|ksfxfd;ksa rFkk lq>koksa dks k tkrk gSA rFkkfi d`f"k foKku dsanzksa ¼d`f"k foKku dsUnz½ tSls dqN u;s L<strong>dh</strong>eksa<br />

dks LFkkfir rFkk izpkfyr dj O;oLFkk dks lqn`


158 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

yksdfiz; gks ldrk gSA ;fn ugha] loksZÙke izn'kZu izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> fodYi esa] izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> ifj'kks/ku ds ek/;e ls LFkkuh; ifj<strong>fLFkfr</strong>;ksa esa<br />

lkeatL; ds fy, FkksM+k lq/kkj fd;k tk ldrk gS] rFkk ,Q ,y Mh ds ek/;e ls bls yksdfiz; fd;k tk ldrk gSA Qly mRiknu esa<br />

fØ;kfUor fd, x, vkWu QkeZ VªkbZy ds varxZr izeq[k {ks= fo"k; 'kkfey gS] mnkgj.k ds fy,] fdLeh; ewY;kadu] lesfdr <strong>dh</strong>V<br />

izcaèu] lalk/ku laj{k.k izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong>] rEckdw izca/ku] lesfdr d`f"k i)fr] dVkbZ i'pkr izca/ku rFkk ewY; o/kZu] mUur midj.k rFkk<br />

QkeZ e'khujh] cht rFkk ikS/k jksi.k] lkexzh mRiknu rFkk mUur Hk.Mkj.k iz.kkyh] i'kq/ku mRiknu rFkk izca/ku ds ekeys esa] jksx izca/ku]<br />

iztuu ewY;kadu rFkk iks"kd rFkk izca/ku rFkk vU; m|ferk ds fo"k; esa] js'ke <strong>dh</strong>V ikyu] e'k:i mRiknu] tSfod [kk| dk fuekZ.k<br />

rFkk e.Mh vk/kkfjr foLrkj dYpjA<br />

6-108 ds oh ds <strong>dh</strong> vU; izeq[k vf/knsf'kr xfrfof/k QazVykbu izn'kZu ¼,Q ,y Mh½ gS ftldk mís'; izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> ,<strong>dh</strong>dj.k ds<br />

ek/;e ls izeq[kr;k m|ferk vFkok fdlh Hkh Qly esa mRikndrk <strong>dh</strong> l{kerk dks lkfcr djuk gSA frygu] nygu rFkk dikl ij<br />

,Q ,y Mh lacaf/kr vyx&vyx iz;kl fd, x,A frygu ds fo"k; esa iSnkokj esa d`f"k] izeq[kr;k fofHkUu d`f"k&tyoh; {ks=ksa dks<br />

mi;qDr mPp iSnkokj fdLeksa <strong>dh</strong> yksdfiz;rk rFkk ewaxQyh ds iÙkksa ij /kCcs] fry Qk;yksMh] QQwanh ikÅMj rFkk lwjteq[kh esa<br />

vyVjusfM;k cykbV vkfn tSls xEHkhj jksxksa ds izfrdwy lesfdr jksx izca/ku dks csgrj rjhds ls viukus ds dkj.k FkkA blds lkFk gh]<br />

frygu fdlkuksa dks Qly mRiknu ds lHkh egRoiw.kZ izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong>; igywvksa dks 'kkfey djrs gq;s csgrj lesfdr Qly izca/ku dks<br />

viukus ds fy, izksRlkfgr fd;k x;kA /kku] xsgwa rFkk 'kyxe <strong>dh</strong> mRikndrk esa o`f) eq[;r;k mPp iSnkokj fdLeksa dk izpkj izlkj<br />

rFkk gk;fczM] lfEeJ.k] d`f"k ;a=hdj.k esa uohu izkS|ksfxfd;ksa dk yksdfiz;dj.k] larqfyr iks"kd rRo izca/ku] ds dkj.k gqbZA nygu<br />

ds fo"k; esa] mPp mRiknu izkfIr ds fy,] lesfdr Qly izca/ku izpkyu ds ek/;e ls] caxkyh puk] elwj] ewax] mM+n] <strong>dh</strong> dbZ mPp<br />

iSnkokj fdLeksa dks yksdfiz; gksus esa izeq[k izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong>; gLr{ksi mÙkjnk;h FkkA pkjk Qlyksa ds fo"k; esa mPp iSnkokj fdLeksa dk iz;ksx<br />

izeq[k izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> jgk gS] ftlds ifj.kke Lo:i mRikndrk esa o`f) gqbZA ckxokuh Qlyksa ds fy, mPp iSnkokj fdLeksa rFkk izeq[k<br />

lfCt;ksa rFkk Qy Qlyksa esa lfeJ.k dsys dk mPp ?kuRo esa jksi.k] fo'ks"k :i ls cSaxu] vksdjk rFkk fepZ <strong>dh</strong> lfCt;ksa esa lesfdr <strong>dh</strong>V<br />

rFkk jksx izca/kd vk; rFkk tslehu esa iks"k.k rRo izca/ku lfgr izkS|ksfxfd;ksa <strong>dh</strong> ,d O;kid Js.kh] mPp mRiknu ds fy, mÙkjnk;h gSA<br />

6-109 fryguksa ¼ewaxQyh vj.Mh] vylh] jkbZ] fry] lks;kchu] lwjteq[kh rFkk rksjh½] nyguksa ¼mM+n] elwj] ewax rFkk jktek½]<br />

vuktksa ¼pkoy] xsgwa] eDdk] lksjxe½] dnUuksa ¼cktjk½ O;kikfjd Qlyksa ¼dikl] vnjd] gYnh½] lfCt;ksa ¼dkVyxbZ] cSaxu]<br />

xksHkh] f'keyk fepZ] fepZ] dyLVj½ rFkk Qyksa ¼vkoayk] lsc rFkk dsyk½ esa lfEeJ.k ij izn'kZu dk lapkyu fd;k x;kA QaQazVykbZu<br />

izn'kZuksa {ks= fnuksa] izn'kZfu;ksa] fdlku esyksa] fdlku xksf"B;kas rFkk fdLe 'kks ds ek/;e ls ns'k ds fofHkUu fgLlksa esa fdlkuksa ds chp<br />

izkS|ksfxfd;ka yksdfiz; gqb±A ds oh ds] d`"kdksa ds [ksrksa esa oSKkfudksa ds nkSjs] lewg cSBd rFkk fopkj foe'kZ] dk;Z'kkykvksa] O;k[;ku<br />

vkfn lfgr vU; foLrkj dk;ZØeksa ds vfrfjDr ekl ehfM;k ds ek/;e ls izkS|ksfxfd;kas dk izpkj izlkj Hkh dj jgk gSA<br />

6-110 fdlkuksa <strong>dh</strong> t:jr&vk/kkfjr dk le; ij tkudkjh ds izpkj izlkj ds fy, lwpuk rFkk lapkj izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> iz;ksx esa] fdlku<br />

eksckbZy ijke'kZnk=h ,d uohu miØe gSA 300 ds oh ,l ds ek/;e ls eksckbZy ijke'kZnk=h lsok,a vkjaHk <strong>dh</strong> xbZA ns'k ds 8 vapyksa<br />

esa fLFkr 300 ftyksa esa] fdlkuksa dks] ekSle] e.Mh rFkk QkeZ izpkyuksa ij lwpuk ls lacaf/kr fu;fer eksckbZy ijke'kZnk=h lsok,a iznku<br />

<strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSaA fdlku eksckby ijke'kZnk=h lsokvksa] fdlkuksa ds fy, lwpuk dks ljy rFkk ykxr izHkkoh cukus ds fy,] dk;Z fd,A<br />

2011&11 ds nkSjku ekSle iwokZuqeku rFkk <strong>dh</strong>V ,oa jksx fu;a=.k ds lkFk d`f"k] ckxokuh rFkk i'kqikyu ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ij yxHkx<br />

64] 108 iathd`r fdlkuksa dks 20]307 lans'k izkIr gq, gSaA ds oh ds ds }kjk fn, x, vU; egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku fuEufyf[kr vjqlkj gS(<br />

izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong>; mRiknksa dk mRiknu rFkk vkiwfrZ] izofrZr izkS|ksfxd vkiwfrZ iz.kkyh] ,Q vkbZ th ds ek/;e ls izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> viukus ds fy,]<br />

,d laLFkkxr iz.kkyh ds vuqlkj] ,Q ,y Mh ds tfj;s izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> dk izpkj izlkj] efgyk vf/kdkfjrk ij fo'ks"k cy] cht vkSj jksi.k<br />

lkexzh tSls vknkuksa dk mRiku] lwpuk ,oa lapkj izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> dk izHkkoh iz;ksx] lqvj ikyu] de ykxr ds [kqEch mRiknu e/kqeD[kh<br />

ikyu vkfn tSls xzkeh.k m|fe;ksa ds fodkl ij cy] vkbZ ih ,e] tSls fVyst vkfn tSlh ifj<strong>fLFkfr</strong><strong>dh</strong> ds vuqdwy iz.kkyh dks


d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj 159<br />

izksRlkgu] ystj ysofyax] lL;] okfu<strong>dh</strong> iz.kkyh tSlh lalk/ku laj{k.k iz.kkfy;ksa dk laoZ/kuA buds vykok ds oh ds us cgqr lh vU;<br />

lQyrk,a izkIr <strong>dh</strong> gSa ftlesa 'kkfey gSa QkeZ ij Je <strong>dh</strong> deh dk vHkko&/kku d`rd cy] xq.koÙkk izksVhu;qDr eDdk] js'ke <strong>dh</strong>V<br />

ikyu esa vfHkuo iz.kkyh] lqvjksa ds fy, 'kdjdan vk/kkfjr vkgkj iz.kkyh rFkk usV gkÅl esa lfCt;ksa <strong>dh</strong> lajf{kr [ksrh] blds vykok]<br />

2009&10 ds nkSjku dqN fo'ks"k dk;ZØe Hkh pyk, x, gSa] mnkgj.k ds fy,] e`nk ty ,oa ikni fo'ys"k.k] lw{e flapkbZ iz.kkyh ds<br />

lkFk o"kkZ ty dk Hk.Mkj.k rFkk lw[ks ij jksd ds fy, fØ;kdyki vkbZ lh , vkj us jk"Vªh; rFkk oSf'od Lrj ij jk"Vªh; d`f"k foKku<br />

vdkneh ¼ckDl 6-14½ rFkk jk"Vªh; d`f"k foKku dsUnz ¼ckDl 6-15½ tSls laxBuksa <strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk djds lwpuk ds lao/kZu rFkk izpkj<br />

izlkj ds fy,] vf}rh; lqfo/kkvksa dk Hkh l`tu fd;k gSA<br />

ckWDl 6-14 jk"Vªh; d`f"k foKkku vdkneh ¼,u , , ,l½<br />

jk"Vªh; d`f"k foKku vdkneh 1990 esa LFkkfir Hkkjr ds foKku vdknfe;ksa esa lcls NksVk gSA bl<strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk Loñ Jh Mkñ ohñ ihñ iky] ,Q<br />

vkj ,l ds n`f"Vdks.k ij gqbZA vdkneh d`f"k&d`f"k m|ksx ds e/; d`f"k&okfu<strong>dh</strong> rFkk var%i`"B Qly mRiknu] i'kqikyu] eNyh ikyu<br />

lfgr] d`f"k foKku ds O;kid igyqvksa ij /;ku dsfUnzr djrh gSA vdkneh d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk rFkk foLrkj ds egRoiw.kZ fo"k;ksa ij fopkj<br />

foe'kZ gsrq d`f"k oSKkfudksa dks ,d eap iznku djrk gS rFkk fofHkUu Lrjksa ij la;kstdksa <strong>dh</strong> vknku uhfr ds vuqlkj fu.kZ; rFkk fopkj rS;kj<br />

djus okys oSKkfud lqenk; ds fopkjksa dks izLrqr djrk gS bUgsa izkIr djus ds fy,] vdkneh] d`f"k foKku ds {ks= esa xaHkhj fo"k;ksa ij jk"Vªh;<br />

rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; lsfeukjksa] fopkj xksf"B;ksa] dk;Z'kkykvksa] fopkj iw.kZ jkT;ksa dk vk;kstuk djrk gSA lEeku iznku vdkneh fofHkUu Lrjksa ij<br />

oSKkfudksa dks lEeku iznku djrh gS rFkk d`f"k foKku ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa egRowi.kZ vuqla/kku dks izksRlkfgr djrh gSA vdkneh d`f"k foKku<br />

lefiZr vuqoknh jk"Vªh; Lrjh; laLFkk ds :i esa mHkjk gSA blus egRoiw.kZ {ks=ksa esa] jk"Vªh; rFkk varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ds dbZ dk;ZØeksa dk vk;kstu<br />

fd;k gSA Hkkjr rFkk fons'k nksuksa txgksa ls vdkneh ds lnL; d`f"k rFkk lEc) foKku {ks=ksa esa izfrf"Br O;fDr;ksa lfgr foKku ds ;ksxnku ds<br />

fy, igpkus tkrs gSaA<br />

ckWDl 6-15 jk"Vªh; d`f"k foKkku dsUnz<br />

<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k foKku dsUnz yxHkx 22 ,dM+ {ks= esa QSyk vkbZ lh , vkj }kjk fufeZr ,d egRowi.kZ dkEIysDl gS ftlesa jk"Vªh; d`f"k E;wft;e]<br />

flEiksft;k dkEIysDl] tehu ds uhps cM+h ikfd±x] d`f"k vuqla/kku ds varjkZ"Vªh; rFkk jk"Vªh; laxBuksa ds dk;kZy;] jk"Vªh; d`f"k foKku<br />

vdkneh] <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k fo'ofo|ky; ifjla?k iksfM;e tSlh mRd`"V cgq&vk;keh lqfo/kk;sa ekStwn gSaA blesa gjk&Hkjk eSnku rFkk iwjh rjg<br />

ls okrkuqdwfyr varjkZ"Vªh; xsLV gkml gSa ftlesa vk/kqfud lqfo/kkvksa] VsyhQksu] bUVjusV] Vh oh vkfn ls lqlfTtr 76 flaxy@Mcy dejs rFkk<br />

22 lwV gSaA<br />

;g dkEIysDl d`f"k vuqla/kku leUo; rFkk blds foLrkj esa yxs gq;s jkT; d`f"k fo'ofo|ky;ksa] dsUnzh; d`f"k fo'ofo|ky; rFkk vU; lHkh<br />

lkoZtfud {ks= ds laxBuksa lfgr varjkZ"Vªh;] jk"Vªh; laLFkku] lkekftd lewgksa rFkk ,tsafl;ksa ds fy;ss laidZ dk eap vkSj jk"Vªh; dsUnz fcUnq<br />

gSA egRoiw.kZ ,u , ,l lh dkEIysDl ubZ fnYyh esa iwlk dSEil esa ,d lgh LFky ij eq[; nso izdk'k 'kkL=h ekxZ ij fLFkr gSA


160 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

pqukSfr;ka<br />

6-1<strong>12</strong> vkbZ lh , vkj ds rgr d`f"k fodkl dsUnzksa ds le{k pqukSfr;ksa esa fuEufyf[kr 'kkfey gS%—<br />

,u vkj ,e] d`f"k O;kikj rFkk foi.ku d`f"k vfHk;kaf=<strong>dh</strong> vkfn tSls u;s fof'k"V {ks=ksa esa] foLr`r gksrs tk jgs vf/kns'k dks iwjk<br />

djus esa ds oh ds dks dfBukbZ;ka gks jgh gSaA<br />

ds oh ds }kjk vkbZ lh Vh ds mi;ksx rFkk vU; vlEc) dk;ZØeksa esa bZ&dusDVfoVh rFkk cSaMokbMFk <strong>dh</strong> leL;k,a ck/kd gSaA<br />

ds oh ds esa i;kZIr LVkQ rFkk mu<strong>dh</strong> fujarrk izxfr djus esa vM+pu ds :i esa lkeus vk jgh gSA<br />

Hkkoh dk;ZØe<br />

6-113 ds oh ds dks bl<strong>dh</strong> dk;Z iz.kkyh esa etcwr cukus ds fy, egRowi.kZ mik;ksa esa fuEufyf[kr 'kkfey gksaxs%—<br />

ds oh ds dks iz[k.M Lrj ij dk;Z ;kstuk ds fu:i.k esa 'kkfey fd;k tk;s rFkk i;kZIr LVkQ rFkk foÙk iks"k.k <strong>dh</strong> lgk;rk<br />

ds oh ds fy, vko';d gSA<br />

izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> laxgky;ksa] vpy QhYM lsok,a] xkao Lohdk;Z dk;ZØe] d`"kd {ks= fo|ky;] nwjHkk"k&ijke'kZ lsok,a] vku<br />

ykbu d`f"k fofM;ks pSuy] ,l ,e ,l vk/kkfjr d`f"k ijke'kZ lsok,a] lwpuk dsUnz] vkink izca/ku gLr{ksi] izn'kZfu;ksa dk<br />

vk;kstu djuk] {ks= fnol] izn'kZu nkSjk vkfn <strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk rFkk j[k&j[kko ds ek/;e ls lapkj rFkk lwpuk vknku iznku <strong>dh</strong><br />

lqn`


d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj 161<br />

<strong>dh</strong> c


162 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

d`f"k Dyhfud rFkk d`f"k O;kikj dsUnzksa <strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk<br />

6-118 2002 esa vkjEHk d`f"k Dyhfud rFkk d`f"k O;kikj dsUnzksa ¼, lh , ch lh½ ij L<strong>dh</strong>e dk mís'; foLrkj lsokvksa dks lqn`


d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj 163<br />

fdlku dky lsaVj ¼ds lh lh½<br />

6-<strong>12</strong>1 d`f"k ea=ky; us d`f"k esa vkbZ lh Vh <strong>dh</strong> {kerk dk nksgu djus ds fy,] ^^fdlku dkWy lsaVj ¼dslhlh½** uked ,d<br />

mRizsjd L<strong>dh</strong>e dks vkjEHk fd;k gSA dsñlhñlhñ 21 tuojh] 2004 ls dk;Zjr gS rFkk lHkh jkT;ksa dks doj djrs gq, 25 fofHkUu<br />

{ks=ksa esa dk;Z dj jgk gSA orZeku esa ds lh lh esa 144 dkWy lsaVj ,tsaV dk;Zjr gSa tks 22 LFkkuh; miHkk"kkvksa esa fdlkuksa ds iz'uksa<br />

ds mRrj ns jgs gSaA lewps jk"Vª esa lIrkg ds lHkh 7 fnu 6 cts izkr% ls 10 cts jkr rd ,d VkWy Qzh uañ 1800&18&1551 Mk;y<br />

djds lHkh fdlku dkWy lsaVjksa ls lEidZ fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl uEcj ij futh lsok iznku djus okys lHkh Vsfydke usVodZ ds<br />

lHkh eksckby uañ rFkk ySaM ykbZu uañ ds ek/;e ls lEidZ fd;k tk ldrk gSA izR;sd fdlku dky lsaVjksa ij fdlku dky lsaVj<br />

,tsaV fo|eku gSaA fdlku dkWy lsaVjksa dks pykus ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj ds 25 uksMy vf/kdkjh rduh<strong>dh</strong> lgk;rk iznku djus ds<br />

fy,] muds lkFk lEidZ cuk, gq, gSaA ds lh lh ds vkjEHk ls flrEcj] 2011 rd fdlkuksa ls 62-5 yk[k dky izkIr gks pqds gSaA<br />

fdlku dky lsaVjksa <strong>dh</strong> xfrfof/k;ksa <strong>dh</strong> ekuhVfjax ds fy, ,d jkT; Lrjh; ekuhVfjax lfefr dk xBu fd;k x;k] ftlesa lfpo<br />

¼d`f"k½@funs'kd] d`f"k lec) foHkkx] LFkkuh; ch ,l ,u ,y dk;kZy; ds izfrfuf/k rFkk lacaf/kr uksMy vf/kdkjh 'kkfey gSaA<br />

fdlkuksa <strong>dh</strong> O;kid rFkk izR;{k lgHkkfxrk dks lqfuf'pr djus gsrq rFkk fofHkUu izdkj <strong>dh</strong> lgk;rk nsus ds fy, dky o`f) x.kuk<br />

dks la'kksf/kr fd;k x;k gSA<br />

{kerk fuekZ.k<br />

6-<strong>12</strong>2 Øe'k% pkj LFkkuksa esa foLrkj f'k{kk laLFkkuksa <strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSa] ftuds uke gSa (i) 1958 esa fuyks[ksM+h ¼gfj;k.kk½<br />

(ii) 1962 esa vkuan ¼xqtjkr½] (iii) 1962 esa jktsUnz uxj] gSnjkckn ¼vka/kz izns'k½] rFkk (iv) 1987 esa tksjgV ¼vle½A pkj foLrkj<br />

'kS{kf.kd laLFkkuksa <strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk dk ewy mís';] d`f"k esa o`f) rFkk fodkl ds fy, fofHkUu izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa esa izf'kf{kd ds :i esa lsok<br />

nsus ds fy,] foLrkj f'k{kk rFkk lapkj ds {ks= esa mPp xq.kor~rk okys O;olkf;d usr`Ro rS;kj djuk gSA izkjaHk esa bu laLFkkuksa ls<br />

fo"k;oLrq fo'ks"kKksa ds fy, rhu ekg vof/k ikB~;Øe vk;ksftr djk;k tkuk vko';d FkkA blds vfrfjDr laLFkku xzke lsod<br />

izf'k{k.k dsUnzksa ds vuqns'kd LVkQ dks nh?kZ vof/k lsok dkfyd izf'k{k.k miyC/k djk jgs FksA bZ bZ vkbZ foLrkj f'k{kk iznku djus <strong>dh</strong><br />

i)fr;ksa vkSj i=S O;ogkj esa vuqdwyh vuqla/kku esa Hkh yxk, x, gSaA foLrkj f'k[kk laLFkkuksa ds laLFkkxr


164 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

fdlkuksa rd igqap esa ehfM;k dk iz;ksx<br />

6-<strong>12</strong>4 dsUnzh; {ks= L<strong>dh</strong>e ^^d`f"k foLrkj ds fy, o`gr ehfM;k lgk;rk ns'k esa bySDVªkfud ehfM;k iz;ksx djus ds }kjk vFkkZr<br />

fdlkuksa rd izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> vkSj lwpuk ds LFkkukUrj.k gsrq nwjn'kZu vkSj vkdk'kok.kh dk O;kid usVodZ foLrkj lsokvksa dks iqu yqHkkus esa<br />

leFkZ cukus ds fy, nloha ;kstuk vof/k ds nkSjku izkjaHk <strong>dh</strong> xbZA L<strong>dh</strong>e dk izkFkfed mís'; nwjn'kZu vkSj vkdk'kok.kh dk iz;ksx<br />

muds o`gr vUr izos'ku ds lkFk ,d ,sls okgu ds :i esa djuk gS ftldk foLrkj ds mís'; gsrq nksgu fd;k tk ldsA os cgqr gh de<br />

<strong>dh</strong>er ij O;kid Jksrk rd igqapus dk ykHk j[krs gSaA bl ;kstuk ds varxZr] nwjn'kZu ¼MhMh½ vkSj vkdk'ok.kh ¼, vkbZ vkj½ <strong>dh</strong><br />

fo|eku volajpuk dk iz;ksx fd;k tk jgk gS rkfd d`f"k vkSj lEc) {ks=ksa esa lacaf/kr vk/kqfud izkSn~;ksfxfd;ksa vkSj vuqla/kkuksa ls<br />

fdlkuksa dks tkx#d cuk;k tk ldsA jk"Vªh; nwjn'kZu ds 18 {ks=h; dsUnzksa vkSj 180 mPp 'kfDr@de 'kfDr VªkalfeVjksa ds ek/;e ls<br />

lIrkg esa ikap ls N% fnu rd ,d 30 feuV dk dk;ZØe izlkfjr fd;k tk jgk gSA lQyrk <strong>dh</strong> dgkfu;ka] uoizorZuksa ds izlkj.k ds<br />

fy, vkSj nwjn'kZu ds 'kfuokj LYkkV ds ek/;e ls ifjorZu ifj<strong>fLFkfr</strong> izk|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> vkSj QkfeZax i)fr;ksa dks yksdfiz; cukus ds fy,]<br />

d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx fQYeksa cuk jgk gS] tks Hkkjr d`f"k ds ldkjkRed igyqvksa ds lkFk lkFk lpsru :i ls n'kkZ, tk,axsA Mh<br />

Mh vkSj , vkbZ vkj ds ek/;e ls dk;ZØeksa dks VSfydkLV@czkMdkLV ds fn'kk&funsZ'k vkSj ekuhVj djus ds fy, ,d rhu Lrjh; iz.kkyh<br />

LFkkfir <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gS] dsUnz esa 'kh"kZ lfefr] jkT; Lrj lfefr ¼,l ,y lh½ vkSj ftyk Lrj lfefrA X;kjgoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ds nkSjku<br />

okLrfod y{; ds laca/k esa lkS izfr'kr lQyrk L<strong>dh</strong>e ds varxZr izR;kf'kr gSA<br />

ladsfUnzr foKkkiu vfHk;ku<br />

6-<strong>12</strong>5 d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx] d`f"k ea=ky; us ^^ladsfUnzr foKkiu vfHk;ku** izkjaHk fd;k gS] tks fofHkUu L<strong>dh</strong>eksa ds varxZr<br />

miyC/k lgk;rkvksa <strong>dh</strong> tkx#drk iSnk djus ds fy, ea=ky; ds lHkh izHkkxksa dks 'kkfey djsxkA vfHk;ku 5 tqykbZ] 2010 dks izkjaHk<br />

fd;k x;k FkkA ;g jk"Vªh; Lrj ij 30&60 lSdsaM ds vYi foKkiuksa <strong>dh</strong> vkfM;ksa ,oa fofM;ksa izLrqfr;ksa ds }kjk dk;kZfUor fd;k tk jgk<br />

gSA izLrqfr;ksa dks lekpkjksa] flfj;yksa vkSj vf/kdre n'kZdksa okys euksjatu dk;ZØeksa ds nkSjku jk"Vªh; vkSj {ks=h; Lrj ij , vkbZ vkj]<br />

Mh Mh vkSj futh pSuy izpkydksa ds ek/;e ls czkMdkLV@VSyhdkLV fd;k tkrk gSA vkSlru] izR;sd ekg esa ,d izLrqrh fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksas<br />

esa Mc <strong>dh</strong> tkrh gSA vkt <strong>dh</strong> rkjh[k esa fuEufyf[kr izLrqfr;ka vfHk;ku ds varxZr cukbZ xbZ gSaA<br />

QkeZ Ldwy ¼equhe½<br />

QkeZ Ldwy ¼lkl cgq½<br />

fdlku ØsfMV dkMZ<br />

jk"Vªh; ckxokuh fe'ku<br />

Rofjr nygu mRiknu dk;ZØe ¼, 3 ih½<br />

tkx#d fdlku&fcgkj] >kj[k.M vkSj if'pe caxky ds fy, lw[kk ijkef'kZdk,aA<br />

moZjdksa dk leqfpr iz;ksx<br />

iwohZ Hkkjr gfjrØkafr<br />

6-<strong>12</strong>6 izLrqfr;ka jk"Vªh; ,o {ks=h; Lrj ij izpkfyr djus okys Mh Mh uS'kuy vkSj Mh Mh ds 25 {ks=h; dsUnzksa vkSj 21 futh pSuyksa<br />

ds ek/;e ls izlkfjr <strong>dh</strong> xbZ FkhaA vfHk;ku dks ekuhVj djus ds fy, ,u vkbZ lh <strong>dh</strong> lgk;rk ls ,d lkVos;j fodflr fd;k x;k<br />

gSA lHkh pSuy ifj&ykWx ¼20 feuV le; cSaM½ vkSj ikSLV&ykWx viyksM dj jgs gSaA vfHk;ku ekuhVj djus ds fy, vkbZ ih Vh oh Hkh<br />

buLVky fd, x, gSaA Mh , lh esa ,d ladsfUnzr izpkj vfHk;ku lfefr cukbZ xbZ gS vSkj dk;ZØe ekuhVj djus ds fy, lfefr <strong>dh</strong>


d`f"k vuqla/kku] f'k{kk vkSj foLrkj 165<br />

fu;fer cSBdsa vk;ksftr <strong>dh</strong> tkrh gSaA nwjn'kZu <strong>dh</strong> n'kZd vuqla/kku ;wfuV ¼, vkj ;w½ ds ek/;e ls vfHk;ku <strong>dh</strong> izfriwfrZ izkIr djus<br />

ds fy, ,d izLrko igys ls gh izkjaHk fd;k x;k gSA<br />

pqukSfr;ka<br />

6-<strong>12</strong>7 lkoZtfud foLrkj lsokvksa <strong>dh</strong> eq[; pqukSfr;ksa esa 'kkfey gSa%—<br />

xqtjkr] gfu;k.kk] fgekpy izns'k] e/; izns'k vkSj if'pe caxky tSls dbZ izxfr'khy jkT; mu<strong>dh</strong> d`f"k fodkl igyksa ds<br />

vuq:i izxfr ds Lrj dks n'kkZus esa leFkZ ugha gq, gSaA vle] ukxkySaM vkSj ef.kiqj dks NksM+dj dbZ mÙkj iwoZ jkT;ksa us<br />

d`f"k&fDyfud vkSj d`f"k&O;kikj dsUnzksa <strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk L<strong>dh</strong>e ds varxZr cgqr de izxfr n'kkbZ gSA<br />

bZ bZ vkbZ ,oa ,e , ,u , th bZ vkSj bZ bZ vkbZ ,oa ,l , ,l bZ Vh vkbZ ds chp dksbZ laLFkkxr laca/k dfBu FkkA bZ bZ vkbZ<br />

QSdYVh }kjk blesa vf/kd ijke'khZ ,oa vuqla/kku dk;Z ugha fd;k x;k gS vkSj blesa futh laxBuksa ds lkFk dksbZ fopkj&foe'kZ<br />

ugha fd;k gSA<br />

lHkh jkT;ksa esa ,l ,u lh ,oa Mh ,y lh xfBr fd, x, gSa ijUrq lfefr;ksa <strong>dh</strong> cSBdsa fu;fer :i ls vk;ksftr ugha <strong>dh</strong> tk<br />

jgha gSaA<br />

xq.koRrk vkSj VsfydkLV@czkMdkLV dk;ZØeksa ds izlax ds laca/k esa L<strong>dh</strong>e <strong>dh</strong> ekuhVfjax ij /;ku fn, tkus <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk gSA<br />

ladsfUnzr foKkiu vfHk;ku <strong>dh</strong> ekuhVfjax] vfHk;ku vkSj dk;ZØeksa ij fdlkuksa <strong>dh</strong> izfr iqf"V ftlesa izLrqfr;ka j[kh tk<br />

ldrh gSa os mRiknukRed jgsaxhA<br />

vkxs <strong>dh</strong> dk;Zuhfr<br />

6-<strong>12</strong>8 lkoZtfud foLrkj lsokvksa dks etcwr djus okys dwN egRoow.kZ mik;ksa esa fuEufyf[kr 'kkfey gSa%—<br />

foLrkj xfrfof/k;ksa esa lfEefyr lHkh laLFkkuksa dks vius ykHkfFkZ;ksa dks csgrj yf{;r djsa] izR;sd ykHkkFkhZ lewg <strong>dh</strong><br />

vko';drkvksa dks of.kZr djsa vkSj mu<strong>dh</strong> foLrkj lsokvksa dks vkpkjc) djas rkfd os yf{;r lewgksa ds fy, lEiw.kZ gy<br />

miyC/kdrkZ gksa ldsaA<br />

ns'kh Kku iz.kkfy;ksa lfgr lrr izkd`frd lalk/ku izca/ku ij tksj nsus ds fy, foLrkj lsok,aA<br />

ledkyhu fdlku uoizorZuksa dk nLrkosthdj.k] ;qDrhdj.k vkSj laLFkkdj.k ,oa yksdfiz;dj.k<br />

xzke Lrj ij foLrkj lsokvksa ds varjkyksa dks Hkjus ds fo"k; esa lh vkbZ th@,l ,p th dks c


166 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

bZ Mh ih iSdstksa] ifj;kstuk fjiksVZ rS;kfj;ksa ,oa ijkef'kZdkvksa] m|ksx vkSj m|e laca/k ,o lk>snkjh] ewY;ksa ij LFkkuh; cktkj<br />

usVodZ LFkkfir djus] ewY; J`a[kyk izn'kZu bdkbZ;ksa <strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk djus bR;kfn ds ek/;e ls cktkj vklwpuk] b Mh ih vkSj<br />

ijke'kZ lqn`


7-1 Hkkjr esa i'kq mRiknu i)fr xjhc yksxksa <strong>dh</strong> lqj{kk ,oa fuokZg ds fy, ,d fefJr Qly i'kq/ku [ksrh i)fr dk egRoiw.kZ fgLlk<br />

gSA ,slh i)fr;ksa] i'kq/ku vk; dk l`tu djrk gS] jkstxkj] Hkkjokgh 'kfDr rFkk [kkn iznku djrk gSA ;g mRiknu i)fr lrr vkfFkZd<br />

o`f)] c


168 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

7-7 ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> mi {ks= esa o`f) dqDdqV ds ckn nwljs LFkku ij gSA ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> fodkl laca/kh uhfr esa varj ns'kh; ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> fo'ks"kdj<br />

ty d`f"k ij tksj fn;k x;k gS] tks eNyh mRiknu esa o`f) djus] fu;kZrksa esa c


i'kqikyu] Ms;jh ,oa ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> 169<br />

jkT; Lrj ij lgdkjh ifjla?kksa dk iqu#)kj djuk gSA iquokZl ;kstuk dks lacaf/kr jkT; Ms;jh ifjla?k@ftyk nqX/k la?k ds ijke'kZ ls<br />

jk"Vªh; Ms;jh fodkl cksMZ ¼,uMhMhch½ }kjk rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA<br />

7-<strong>12</strong> lgdkjh ;kstuk dks lgk;rk ds rgr miyfC/k ;g n'kkZrh gS fd lkr o"kks± <strong>dh</strong> iquokZl vof/k 37 esa ls 17 nqX/k la?kksa <strong>dh</strong> vof/k<br />

lekIr gks x;h gSA buesa ls] pkj la?kksa us ldkjkRed fuoy jkf'k izkIr dj yh gS rFkk 6 la?k ykHk vtZu dj jgs gSa ijUrq vHkh rd dksbZ<br />

ldkjkRed ykHk izkIr ugha dj ik, gSaA ck<strong>dh</strong> lkr la?k ?kkVs esa py jgs gSa rFkk mudk dqy ykHk ukdkjkRed gSA tgka rd ck<strong>dh</strong> 20 la?kksa<br />

dk loky gS] rhu la?kksa us] lkr o"khZ; iquokZl vof/k dks iwjk gksus ls igys gh ldkjkRed ykHk izkIr dj fy, gSaA blds vykok]<br />

lax:j nqX/k la?k <strong>dh</strong> ,d ubZ iquokZl ifj;kstuk gky gh esa eatwj <strong>dh</strong> x;h gSA<br />

Ms;jh mn~;e iwath fuf/k ¼Mhohlh,Q½@Ms;jh mn~;fe;rk fodkl ;kstuk ¼MhbZMh,l½<br />

7-13 Ms;jh dqDdqV mn~;e iwathxr fuf/k ;kstuk <strong>dh</strong> 'kq:vkr fnlEcj] 2004 esa <strong>dh</strong> x;h FkhA blesa la'kks/ku fd;k x;k gS rFkk bls<br />

Ms;jh mn~;fe;rk fodkl ;kstuk ¼MhbZMh,l½ ds :i esa iquuZkfer fd;k x;k gS rFkk bldk fØ;kUo;u flrEcj] 2010 ls fd;k x;k<br />

gSA<br />

xksi'kq ,oa HkSal iztuu i'kq/ku mRiknu<br />

7-14 bl le; 28 jkT; rFkk ,d la?k 'kkflr izns'k ¼;wVh½ jk"Vªh; xksi'kq ,oa HkSal iztuu ifj;kstuk esa Hkkx ys jgs gSaA bl ;kstuk dk<br />

mís'; xkstkfr;ksa ds vkuqokaf'kd mUu;u dks c


170 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

vkxs <strong>dh</strong> jkg<br />

ekuo Je rFkk fuf/k;ksa <strong>dh</strong> deh<br />

xq.koÙkk iztuu lkaMksa <strong>dh</strong> lhfer miyC/krk<br />

HkSalksa esa d`f=e xHkkZ/kku <strong>dh</strong> de Lohdk;Zrk<br />

jksx ds izdksi( e`R;q nj ,oa #X.krk nj<br />

Vhdksa ,oa Vhdkdj.k O;oLFkk <strong>dh</strong> deh<br />

de vkgkj lalk/kuksa okys {ks=ksa esa o.kZ ladfjr i'kqvksa dks 'kkfey djuk<br />

vf/kdka'k pjkbZ Hkwfe ;k rks xSj mUur vFkok vf/kxzghr<br />

vkgkj ,oa pkjk vo;oksa dk vkS|ksfxd mi;ksx ds fy, ifjorZu<br />

7-16 ns'k esa nw/k <strong>dh</strong> rsth ls c


i'kqikyu] Ms;jh ,oa ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> 171<br />

(iii) dqDdqV laink<br />

nks jkT;ksa esa vUos"k.k ik;yV ifj;kstuk] dqDdqV lainkvksa ds ek/;e ls m|eh;rk <strong>dh</strong> fuiq.krk esa lq/kkj yk;k tkuk gSA izkFkfed<br />

:i ls bldk rkRi;Z dqN ekftZu jkf'k ds lkFk f'kf{kr]csjkstxkj ;qokvksa ,oa NksVs fdlkuksa ds dqDdwV ls lacaf/kr fØ;kdykiksa esa<br />

ls oSKkfud rFkk tSo lqjf{kr lewg n`f"Vdks.k ls ,d ykHkizn mn~;e rS;kj djus ls gSA<br />

dqDdqV m|e iwathxr fuf/k<br />

719 mDr ;kstuk ?kVd ukckMZ ds ek/;e ls foÙk iksf"kr gksrs gS ;Fkk de vknku izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> if{k;ksa ds lkFk dqDdqV iztuu QkeZ <strong>dh</strong><br />

LFkkiuk] vkgkj xksnke] vkgkj ehy] vkgkj fo'ys"k.k iz;ksx'kkyk <strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk] dqDdqV mRiknksa ds foi.ku] vaMs <strong>dh</strong> xzsfMax] fu;kZr<br />

{kerk ds fy, iSfdax ,oa HkaMkj.k] [kqnjk dqDdqV Mªsflax ;wfuV] dqDdqV mRiknksa <strong>dh</strong> fcØh ds fy, vaMs rFkk czk;yj dkVZ rFkk dsUnzh;<br />

xzksoj ,dd vkfnA<br />

dsUnzh; dqDdqV fodkl laxBu ,oa dsUnzh; dqDdqV fu"iknu tkap dsUnz<br />

7-20 paMhx


172 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

foKku ,oa izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> ds iz;ksx ls mRikndrk ds {ks= esa mUur fd, tkus okys o`gr yf{kr la[;k ,d dfBu pqukSrh gSA<br />

i'kq mRiknksa ds de Lrjh; izlaLdj.k rFkk ewY; o/kZuA<br />

vkxs <strong>dh</strong> jkg<br />

7-22 Rofjr ,oa lrr o`f) ds fy, ehV ,oa dqDdqV {ks= dk lqn`k, x, gSa(<br />

eDds ds mRiknu rFkk ml<strong>dh</strong> xq.koÙkk esa o`f) djus ds fy, nh?kkZof/k lrr~ mRiknu <strong>dh</strong> tkap <strong>dh</strong> tkuh gSA<br />

fdlh izdksi ds ekeys esa rhoz xfr ls lfØ; fuxjkuh] eksuhVfjax ,oa fu;a=.kA<br />

jk"Vªh; ,oa lkoZHkkSfed dqDdqV MkVk csl rFkk foi.ku vklwpuk ds fy, usVodZ fodflr fd;k tk,A<br />

ekStwnk laLFkkuksa esa i;kZIr izf'kf{kr ekuo 'kfDr dk fodkl fd;k tk,A<br />

c


i'kqikyu] Ms;jh ,oa ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> 173<br />

¹ tcfd i'kq/ku <strong>dh</strong> la[;k c


174 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

i'kq/ku LokLF;<br />

laØked jksx<br />

7-26 i'kq/ku {ks= esa o`f) ds fy, [kqjidk ,oa eqagiDdk jksx ¼,Q,eMh½] Msl isVhV lfeusUVl ¼ihihvkj½] czqlsykfll Dyklhdy<br />

Lokbu Qhoj rFkk ,soh,u ,uQywtk tSlh fofHkUu i'kq fcekfj;ka <strong>dh</strong> mPp fo|ekurk cgqr cM+h ck/kk gSA dsoy [kqjidk ,oa eqagiDdk<br />

jksx ls gh 20]000 djksM+ izfr o"kZ ¼,ulh,ih] izkjafHkd fjiksVZ] 2010½ ls Hkh vf/kd <strong>dh</strong> vkfFkZd {kfr gqbZ gSA buesa ls vf/kdka'k<br />

gkfu dk le;uqdwy izfrjf{kdj.k ds ek/;e ls de fd;k tk ldrk gSA i'kqikyu] Ms;jh ,oa eRL;ikyu foHkkx ¼Mh,Mh,Q½ us<br />

,Q,eMh] ihihvkj rFkk czqlsykfll <strong>dh</strong> jksdFkke ,oa fu;a=.k ds fy, jk"Vªh; dk;ZØeksa <strong>dh</strong> 'kq:vkr <strong>dh</strong> gSA izkjaHk esa [kqjidk ,oa<br />

eqagiDdk fu;a=.k dk;ZØe <strong>dh</strong> 'kq:vkr] 2003 esa ek= 54 ftyksa esa gqbZ Fkh ftlesa izpkj&izlkj 221 ftyksa esa dj fn;k x;k gS rFkk<br />

pj.kc) rjhds ls bldk izpkj&izlkj iwjs ns'k esa fd;k tk,xkA ihihvkj ,oa czslsykfll dks fu;af=r djus ds fy, blh izdkj ds<br />

dk;ZØeksa <strong>dh</strong> 'kq:vkr <strong>dh</strong> x;h gSA bu dk;ZØeksa ds rsth ls fØ;kUo;u ds fy, Vhdksa <strong>dh</strong> deh rFkk leqfpr ijkflru lqfo/kk <strong>dh</strong>f<br />

deh eq[; ck/kk,a gSaA<br />

i'kq fpfdRlk lgk;rk lsok,a<br />

7-27 Hkkjr esa dqy 8]732 i'kq fpfdRlk vLirky ,oa iksyh fDyfud rFkk 18]830 i'kqfpfdRlk vkS"kk/kky; ¼yxHkx 67]000<br />

laLFkkuksa <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk <strong>dh</strong> rqyuk esa½ gSA blesa ls vf/kdka'k ds ikl de ewyHkwr lqfo/kk rFkk midj.k gSaA blds vykok] o`gr i'kq/<br />

ku la[;k ds fy, LokLF; dk;ZØeksa dks lgk;rk nsus gsrq rduh<strong>dh</strong> ekuo 'kfDr cgqr gh vi;kZIr ¼67]000 <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk <strong>dh</strong> rqyuk<br />

esa ljdkjh {ks= esa ek= yxHkx 25]000 i'kq fpfdRlkd½ gSaA i'kqikyu] Ms;jh ,oa eRL;ikyu foHkkx us ekStwnk i'kq fpfdRlk<br />

vLirkyksa rFkk vkS"kk/kky;ksa <strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk rFkk lqí


i'kqikyu] Ms;jh ,oa ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> 175<br />

● vi;kZIr i'kq fpfdRlk jksx funku] bihMs ehyksth] vLirky var%lajpuk rFkk ekuo {kerk esa fodkl fd, tkus <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk<br />

gSA<br />

● i;kZIr i'kq fpfdRlk Vhdksa <strong>dh</strong> vkiwfrZ ds fy, ,d ekStwn dk;ZØe visf{kr gSA<br />

ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> {ks=<br />

7-31 dsUnzh; izk;ksftr ;kstukvksa ,oa dsUnzh; {ks= <strong>dh</strong> ;kstukvksa ds ek/;e ls ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> {ks= ds fodkl ds fy, fd, x, vkoaVu dk<br />

mi;ksx lacaf/kr jkT;ksa rFkk la?k 'kkflr izns'kksa ds ek/;e ls nksuksa fodkl ,oa dY;k.kksaeq[kh ;kstukvksa ds fØ;kUo;u ds fy, fd;k tkrk<br />

gSA dsUnzh; izk;ksftr ;kstukvksa ,oa dsUnzh; {ks= <strong>dh</strong> ;kstukvksa ds ek/;e ls fd, x, vkoaVuksa ds vfrfjDr] jk"Vªh; d`f"k fodkl ;kstuk<br />

¼vkjdsohokbZ½ rFkk gky gh esa 'kq# fd, x, jk"Vªh; izksVhu ifjiwjd fe'ku ¼,u,eih,l½ tSls vU; QySxf'ki dk;ZØeksa ds ek/;e<br />

ls lgk;rk iznku <strong>dh</strong> tkrh gSA<br />

leqnzh ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> fodkl ;kstuk<br />

7-32 11oha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ds nkSjku] <strong>12</strong> eRL;u canjxkgksa rFkk pkj eNyh mrkjus okys dsUnzksa ds fodkl ds fy, leqnzh ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong><br />

fodkl ;kstuk dk izko/kku fd;k x;k gSa dk;Z dks fØ;kUo;u ds fy, izkjaHk fd;k x;k tcfd pkj eRL;u canjxkgksa ds ejEer dk;Z<br />

dks 'kq: fd;k x;k] cQZ la;=ksa] [kqnjk nqdkuksa tSls iksLV gkosZLV var%lajpuk laca/kh 29 ,ddksa dk l`tu fd;k x;k( 5184 ijaijkxr<br />

ty;kuksa dk eksVjhd`r fd;k x;k] 3921 lqj{kk midj.k iznku fd, x,( 40993 ds,y ,p,lMh eNqvkjksa dks NwV ds lkFk iznku fd,<br />

x,( 3 xgjs leqnz esa lalk/ku fof'k"V eRL;u ty;kuksa dks c


176 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

pqukSfr;ka<br />

7-36 ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> {ks= dk lkeuk djus laca/kh eq[; pqukSfr;ksa esa 'kkfey g®—<br />

● xq.koÙkk ,oa LokLF;o/kZd eNyh chtksa rFkk vU; tfVy vknkuksa <strong>dh</strong> dehA<br />

● lalk/ku fof'k"V eRL;u ty;kuksa rFkk fo'oLr lalk/ku@v|ru vkadM+ksa <strong>dh</strong> dehA<br />

● eNyh ds ikS"kfud rFkk vkfFkZd ykHkksa ds ckjs esa vi;kZIr tkx:drkA<br />

● ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> ds fy, vi;kZIr foLrkj deZpkjh rFkk eNqvkjksa ,oa eRL;ikyu dkfeZdksa ds fy, izf'k{k.kA<br />

● eRL; mRiknksa ds eku<strong>dh</strong>dj.k rFkk czkaM <strong>dh</strong> vuqi<strong>fLFkfr</strong>A<br />

vkxs <strong>dh</strong> jkg<br />

7-37 fuEufyf[kr mik; ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> {ks= dks vkSj lqn`


v/;k;&8<br />

dVkbZ i'pkr izca/ku rFkk ewY; o/kZu<br />

8-1 tcfd mRikndrk esa c


178 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

gqbZ vk; ds lkFk [kk| ds fy, jktLo Hkw[kk rFkk cnyrh gqbZ thou'kSyh bl {ks= esa [kk| mRikndksa] [kk| izlaLdj.kdrkZvksa] e'khujh<br />

fuekZrkvksa] [kk| izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong>fo/kksa rFkk lsok iznkrkvksa ds fy, vfo'oluh; cktkj voljksa dks l`tu gSA<br />

8-8 [kk| izlaLdj.k {ks= esa c


dVkbZ i'pkr izca/ku rFkk ewY; o/kZu 179<br />

lkj.kh 8-1 [kkn~; izlaLdj.k {ks= <strong>dh</strong> o`f)<br />

(#i, djksM+ esa)<br />

fØ;kdyki 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 lh,thvkj<br />

(izfr'kr)<br />

[kk| izlaLdj.k {ks= ds rgr fofuekZ.k ¼iathd`r ,oa xSj&iathd`r½<br />

ehV] eNyh] Qy] lfCt;ka rFkk 9,236 8,682 9,548 10,349 <strong>12</strong>,043 <strong>12</strong>,224 7.29<br />

rsy<br />

Ms;jh mRikn 3,509 4,342 4,319 4,608 5,419 4,762 6.66<br />

xzsu fey mRikn 13,467 <strong>12</strong>,347 11,903 <strong>12</strong>,846 15,947 17,741 6.55<br />

vU; [kkn~; mRikn 14,722 17,794 20,895 22,522 25,775 23,664 10.71<br />

efnjk 3,421 4,525 5,499 6,995 7,938 7,687 18.61<br />

dqy 44,355 47,690 52,164 57,320 67,<strong>12</strong>2 66,078 9.30<br />

izfr'kr ldy ?kjsyw mRiknu - 7.52 9.38 9.88 17.1 -1.56<br />

esa o`f) ¼,Qih m|ksx½<br />

ldy ?kjsyw mRikn d`f"k 4,76,634 5,02,996 5,23,745 5,56,956 5,53,454 5,53,010 3.17<br />

eRL;u 27,152 28,749 30,650 32,427 33,561 35,215 5.34<br />

ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ¼d`f"k 5,03,786 5,31,745 5,54,395 5,89,383 5,87,015 5,88,225 3.29<br />

eRL; ikyu½<br />

izfr'kr ldy ?kjsyw mRikn o`f) - 5.55 4.26 6.31 -0.40 0.21<br />

¼d`f"k eRL;u½<br />

lzksr% jk"Vªh; ys[kk lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong>] 2011<br />

8-13 mDr lkj.kh ls ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd ehV] eNyh] Qy] ,oa lfCt;ka] frygu] Ms;jh mRikn] vukt] fey mRikn] efnjk rFkk<br />

vU; [kkn~; mRikn eq[; lkexzh gSa ftudk izlaLdj.k fd;k tk jgk gSA 2004&05 ls 2009&10 ds nkSjku ehV] eNyh] lfCt;ka ,oa<br />

frygu ds lkFk&lkFk efnjk ,oa vU; [kkn~; mRiknksa us mPpre o`f) njsa n'kkZbZ gSaA<br />

vkd`fr 8-1 ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ¼2004&05 ewY;ksa ij d`f"k esa izfr'kr o`f) ¼eRL; lfgr½ rFkk [kkn~; izlaLdj.k {ks=<br />

izfr'kr ldy ?kjsyw mRikn o`f) [kk| izlaLdj.k m|ksx izfr'kr ldy ?kjsyw mRikn o`f) ¼d`f"k ,oa eRL;u½


180 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

8-14 mDr vkadM+ksa ls ;g ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd [kkn~; izlaLdj.k {ks= esa o`f) d`f"k ls ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa o`f) <strong>dh</strong> rqyuk esa<br />

vfèd gSA ;g ,d ldkjkRed fodkl gSA ;g Hkh ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd iathd`r izlaLdj.k ,ddksa <strong>dh</strong> la[;k esa o`f) vukt fey<br />

mRiknksa rFkk chozstksa ¼lkj.kh&8-2½ esa egRoiw.kZ jgh gSA iathd`r [kkn~; izlaLdj.k mn~;ksxksa ds rgr l`ftr jkstxkj esa 2003&04 ls<br />

o`f) gqbZ gS ¼vkadM+s 8-2½ blds vykok] lkj.kh 8-3 ls ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd 2000&11 ds nkSjku [kkn~; izlaLdj.k esa ,QMhvkbZ dqy<br />

,QMhvkbZ dk 1-78 izfr'kr Fkk rFkk eq[; {ks= ftls ,QMhvkbZ us vkdf"kZr fd;k Fkk] [kkn~; izlaLdj.k ,oa QeZuVsa'ku mn~;ksx gSaA mDr<br />

ls ns[kk tk ldrk gS fd o"kks± ls iwathfuos'k ds rhu :iksa ¼fd, x, iwath fuos'k] lkofè tek jkf'k rFkk dk;Zdkjh iwath½ esa èheh xfr<br />

ls o`f) gks jgh gSA<br />

lkj.kh 8-2 iathd`r izlaLdj.k ,ddksa <strong>dh</strong> {ks=okj la[;k<br />

o"kZ ehV] eNyh Ms;jh vukt fey vU; [kkn~; efnjk dqy<br />

Qyksa ,oa lfCt;ksa mRikn mRikn mRikn<br />

rFkk fryguksa ds<br />

izlaLdj.k<br />

1998-1999 4241 737 <strong>12</strong>164 5682 1029 23853<br />

1999-2000 3819 795 <strong>12</strong>405 5810 1113 23942<br />

2000-2001 3740 735 <strong>12</strong>446 5985 1082 23988<br />

2001-2002 3454 865 <strong>12</strong>429 5688 1049 23485<br />

2002-2003 3284 769 <strong>12</strong>856 5899 1008 23816<br />

2003-2004 3352 9<strong>12</strong> <strong>12</strong>741 5757 1078 23840<br />

2004-2005 3484 927 13639 6093 <strong>12</strong>19 25362<br />

2005-2006 3549 1049 13893 6009 <strong>12</strong>25 25725<br />

2006-2007 3459 1015 13880 6245 1160 25759<br />

2007-2008 3667 1096 13805 6300 1351 26219<br />

lzksr% okf"kZd m|ksx losZ{k.k] ,evks,lihvkbZ<br />

lkj.kh 8-3 vizSy 2000 ls vxLr] 2011 rd [kk| izlaLdj.k {ks= esa fons'kh izR;{k iwathfuos'k<br />

Øe {ks= fons'kh izR;{k iwath fuos'k buyksl <strong>dh</strong> jkf'k dqy fons'kh izR;{k<br />

la[;k (djksM+ #i, esa) vesfj<strong>dh</strong> Mkyj iwath fuos'k <strong>dh</strong><br />

fefy;u esa % fgLlsnkjh<br />

1 [kkn~; izlaLdj.k m|ksx 5872.16 1,286.53 0.89<br />

2 QjeaVs'ku m|ksx 4269.92 979.74 0.65<br />

3 lCth rsy ,oa ouLifr 1103.22 238.72 0.17<br />

4 pk; rFkk dkQh 446.61 99.38<br />

dqy [kk| izlaLdj.k {ks= 11691.91 2604.37 1.78<br />

dqy fons'kh izR;{k iwathfuos'k 658586.43 147088.13 100<br />

lzksr% vkS|ksfxd uhfr ,oa izksRlkgu foHkkx


dVkbZ i'pkr izca/ku rFkk ewY; o/kZu 181<br />

vkd`fr 8-2 iathd`r [kk| izlaLdj.k m|ksx esa iwathxr fuos'k ¼#i, djksM+ esa½<br />

lzksr% okf"kZd m|ksx losZ{k.k] ,evks,lihvkbZ<br />

vkd`fr 8-3 iathd`r [kk| izlaLdj.k m|ksx esa iwathxr fuos'k ¼#i, djksM+ esa½<br />

lzksr% okf"kZd m|ksx losZ{k.k] ,evks,lihvkbZ<br />

lafyIr O;fDr o`f) nj ¼fiNys o"kZ <strong>dh</strong> rqyuk esa½<br />

fufgr iwath dk;Zdkjh iwath lkof/k iwath


182 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

;kstuk L<strong>dh</strong>esa<br />

var% lajpukRed fodkl ds fy, ;kstuk<br />

8-15 [kkn~; izlaLdj.k {ks= ds fy, ,<strong>dh</strong>d`r ,oa lexz var%lajpuk dk l`tu djus gsrq vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy,] [kkn~;<br />

izlaLdj.k mn~;ksx ea=ky; ¼eksvks,QihvkbZ½ us vkèqfud lkeF;Zoku var%lajpuk ds l`tu ij etcwrh ls /;ku dsfUnzr djds 11oha<br />

iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa ubZ ;kstuk,a izkjaHk <strong>dh</strong> Fkh rkfd u"V ;ksX; mRikn dk dkjksckj djus ds fy, [kk| izlaLdj.k esa o`f) rFkk ,d<br />

,<strong>dh</strong>d`r iz'khru J`a[kyk vafHk;kaf=<strong>dh</strong> l`tu dks lqlk/; cuk;k tk ldsA d`f"k ,oa [kk| izlaLdj.k {ks= esa ewyHkwr lqfoèkvksa dk lqn`


dVkbZ i'pkr izca/ku rFkk ewY; o/kZu 183<br />

850 djksM+ #i, ds dqy iawthfuos'k ij fopkj fd;k x;k gS tks yxHkx 1-60 yk[k ehfVªd Vu iz'khru J`a[kyk {kerk dk l`tu djsxhA<br />

C;kSjs vuqca/k 8-2 esa fn, x, gSaA Hkkjr esa iz'khru HkaMkj.k] izlaLdj.k] laj{k.k rFkk iz'khru lkexzh lqfoèkvksa <strong>dh</strong> vis{kk <strong>dh</strong> mPp ekax<br />

,oa varj dks /;ku esa j[kdj] ea=ky; ;kstuk ds mUu;u <strong>dh</strong> ;kstuk cuk jgk gS rFkk ;kstuk vk;ksx us mlds fy, igys gh lS)kafrd<br />

:i ls eatwjh ns nh gSA<br />

cwpM[kkuksa ds vkèqfu<strong>dh</strong>dj.k<br />

8-19 ea=ky; us igys pj.k esa 10 ifj;kstukvksa dks eatwjh ns nh gS tks izxfr ds fofHkUu Lrjksa ij g®A nks ifj;kstukvksa dk dk;Z iwjk gks<br />

pqdk gSA ;kstuk dk mUu;u djus lacaèh izLrko fopkjkèhu gSA<br />

[kk| izlaLdj.k m|ksx ds rduh<strong>dh</strong> mUu;u@LFkkiuk@vkèqfu<strong>dh</strong>dj.k lacaèh ;kstuk<br />

8-20 [kk| izlaLdj.k m|ksx ds rduh<strong>dh</strong> mUu;u] LFkkiuk] vkèqfu<strong>dh</strong>dj.k lacaèh ;kstuk ds rgr] ns'k esa rduh<strong>dh</strong> mUu;u ds<br />

lkFk&lkFk u, [kk| izlaLdj.k ,ddksa <strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk djus rFkk ekStwnk ,ddksa ds foLrkj ds fy, vuqnku lgk;rk ds :i esa foÙkh;<br />

lgk;rk nh tkrh gSA ea=ky; lkekU; {ks= esa vfèdre 50 yk[k #i, <strong>dh</strong> 'krks± ij la;a= ,oa e'khujh rFkk rduh<strong>dh</strong> flfoy dk;ks± dks<br />

25 izfr'kr ykxr nj ,oa dfBu {ks=ksa esa vfèdre 75 yk[k #i, <strong>dh</strong> 'krks± ij 33 izfr'kr nj ij m|fe;ksa dks vuqnku lgk;rk ds :i<br />

esa foÙkh; lgk;rk nsrk gSA ;kstuk <strong>dh</strong> fØ;kUo;u i)fr dks 2007 ls vkSj vfèd ikjn'khZ rFkk fodsUnzhd`r cuk;k x;k gSA igys ,sls<br />

vuqnkuksa ds fy, lHkh vH;kosnu i= jkT; ukWMy ,tsafl;ksa ds ek/;e ls ea=ky; }kjk izkIr fd, x, FksA mlds ckn ;s vH;kosnu i=<br />

dsUnzh; :i ls izlaLd`r fd, x, rFkk ea=ky; }kjk vuqnkuksa dks izR;{k :i ls forfjr fd;k x;kA 2007&08 ls] vH;kosnuksa <strong>dh</strong><br />

jlhn] muds ewY;kadu] vuqnku ik=rk dk fglkc djus ds lkFk&lkFk fufè;ksa ds laforj.k dks iw.kZ :i ls fodsUnzhd`r fd;k x;k gSA<br />

ubZ i)fr ds rgr] ,d m|eh@vkosnd iM+kslh c®d czkap@foÙkh; laLFkku ¼,QvkbZ½ ds lkFk vH;kosnu Mky ldrk gSA mlds ckn<br />

ea=ky; }kjk mUgsa fn, x, foLr`r fn'kk&funsZ'k ds vuqlkj c®d@foÙkh; laLFkku vH;kosnu dk ewY;kadu djsxk rFkk mfpr vuqnku jkf'k<br />

dk fglkc djsxkA c®d@foÙkh; laLFkku ifj;kstuk dk ewY;kadu djrk gS rFkk bl iz;kstu ds fy, vuqnku <strong>dh</strong> tkjh jkf'k gsrq viuh<br />

flQkfj'k dks LFkkfir bZ&iksVZy ds ek/;e ls ea=ky; dks HkstsxkA c®d@foÙkh; laLFkku <strong>dh</strong> flQkfj'k rFkk visf{kr dkxtkr dks izkIr<br />

djus ds ckn] ea=ky; vuqnku <strong>dh</strong> eatwjh nsrk gS rFkk Lo;a ds bZ&iksVZy ds ek/;e ls fufè;ksa dk gLrkarj.k djrk gSA blls eatwjh<br />

izfØ;k esa rsth vkbZ gS rFkk ;kstuk ds dk;Z{ks= esa o`f) gks x;h gSA 11oha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk esa 600 djksM+ dk dqy vkoaVu iznku fd;k<br />

x;k FkkA dqy vkoaVu esa ls] vHkh rd 2011&<strong>12</strong> ds 98 djksM+ ctV vuqeku lfgr 488-51 djksM+ #i, <strong>dh</strong> jkf'k izkIr gqbZ gSA bl<br />

;kstuk ds rgr ea=ky; us vfèdka'k vkoafVr laiw.kZ ctV dk mi;ksx fd;k gS rFkk vHkh rd 2532 [kk| izlaLdj.k ,ddksa <strong>dh</strong><br />

lgk;rk <strong>dh</strong> gSA<br />

8-21 ea=ky; us foKkiuksa ds tfj, m|ksx@m|fe;ksa esa tkx:drk dk l`tu djus] iwath fuos'kdksa <strong>dh</strong> cSBd rFkk iwoksZÙkj {ks=ksa esa fo'ks"k<br />

cSBdksa dk vk;kstu djus lacaèh igy <strong>dh</strong> gSA tgka rd lkekU; {ks=ksa dk iz'u gS] ea=ky; =Sekfld vkèkj ij c®dksa ds eq[; dsUnzksa ds<br />

lkFk <strong>fLFkfr</strong> <strong>dh</strong> yxkrkj leh{kk rFkk cSBdksa dk vk;kstu dj jgk gSA ea=ky; vkadM+ksa dk j[k&j[kko djus rFkk ;kstuk <strong>dh</strong> djhch ls<br />

fuxjkuh djus ds fy, ,d ,tsalh ¼lh,evkbZ½ dks Hkh dk;Zjr dj fn;k gSA bl O;oLFkk ds rgr] lHkh yafcr vH;kosnuksa dks mu<strong>dh</strong><br />

ekStwnk <strong>fLFkfr</strong> lacaèh C;kSjs ea=ky; <strong>dh</strong> osclkbV ij lkoZtfud laifÙk ds :i esa j[k fn;k x;k gSA dksbZ Hkh vH;FkhZ vius<br />

vH;kosnu "http:www.mofpi@nic.in vH;kosnu <strong>dh</strong> bZ&iksVZy <strong>fLFkfr</strong> ij Dyhd djds ekStwnk <strong>fLFkfr</strong> dks izkIr dj ldrk gSA<br />

"http://cmi/mofpi/status" bl ;kstuk ls [kk| izlaLdj.k m|ksx <strong>dh</strong> Hkkjh izlaLdj.k {kerk esa o`f) gqbZ gS ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i<br />

vif'k"Vksa <strong>dh</strong> egRoiw.kZ deh gqbZ gSA


184 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

xq.koÙkk vk'oklu] dksMsDl ekud rFkk vuqlaèku ,oa fodkl vkSj izkSUufr lacaèh fØ;kdykisa<br />

8-22 vkt <strong>dh</strong> oSf'od cktkj esa xq.koÙkk rFkk [kk| lqj{kk m|e mRiknu djus okys izlaLd`r vkgkjksa ds fy, ,d izfrLièkZRed fn'kk<br />

nsrh gS rFkk lsok,a iznku djrh gSA [kk| mRiknksa] izlaLdj.k rFkk izcaèu O;olk;ksa ds fy, ?kjsyw ekudksa ds vykok] dksMsDl vPNs<br />

fofuekZ.k O;olk;ksa ds dksMksa ds lkFk&lkFk lqjf{kr ,oa xq.koÙkk okys vkgkj ds fy, varjkZ"Vªh; ekudksa dk fuèkZj.k djrk gS ftls<br />

fo'oHkj esa Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gSA blds vykok] [kk| izlaLdj.k {ks=ksa ds fy, uokpkj mRiknksa] ykxr izHkkoh izlaLdj.kksa rFkk l{ke<br />

izkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds fodkl gsrq vuqlaèku ,oa fodkl fØ;kdykiksa dks lgefr fn, tkus ij leku tksj visf{kr gSA [kk| lqj{kk] dksMsDl<br />

,oa vuqlaèku ,oa fodkl ds fy, ;kstuk ns'k esa bl {ks= esa ,d fu'kku cukus esa lQy jgh gSA ¼ckDl 8-1 ns[ksa½<br />

ckDl 8-1% [kk| lqj{kk ;kstuk,a lacaèh ?kVd<br />

(i) [kk| tkap iz;ksx'kkykvksa <strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk@mUu;u ¼vfèdre vuqnku 2-50 djksM+ #i, izfr ifj;kstuk½ ¼vHkh rd 11oha ;kstuk esa<br />

lgk;rk izkIr 22 ifj;kstuk,a½<br />

(ii) [kk| izlaLdj.k ,ddksa esa ,p,lhlhih@vkbZ,lvks@th,eih@th,pih@lqj{kk izcaèu i)fr dk fØ;kUo;u ¼lkekU; {ks= dfBu<br />

{ks= esa vfèdre vuqnku 15-00 yk[k #i,@20-00 yk[k #i, izfr ifj;kstuk½A ¼vHkh rd 11oha ;kstuk esa lgk;rk izkIr 18<br />

ifj;kstuk,a g®½A<br />

(iii) [kk| izlaLdj.k {ks= esa vuqlaèku ,oa fodklA ¼vHkh rd 11oha ;kstuk esa lgk;rk izkIr 40 ifj;kstuk,a g®½<br />

(iv) ¼foKkiu ,oa izdk'ku lfgr izksUufr lacafè fØ;kdykisa ¼vHkh rd 11oha ;kstuk esa 46-78 djksM+ :i, dk O;; gqvk½<br />

ekuo lalkèu fodkl%<br />

8-23 {ks= esa o`f) tkjh j[kus ds fy, ekuo lalkèu fodkl dkQh foospukRed gSA foLr`r izf'k{k.k rFkk m|ferk fodkl dks<br />

loksZPp izkFkfedrk nh tk jgh gSA ¼ns[ks d{k 8-2½<br />

ckDl 8-2 [kk| izlaLdj.k {ks= esa ekuo lalkèu fodkl<br />

(i) [kk| izlaLdj.k esa fMxzh@fMIyksek ikB~;Øe pykus ds fy, vkèkjHkwr&


dVkbZ i'pkr izca/ku rFkk ewY; o/kZu 185<br />

laLFkkuksa dk lqn`


186 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; vaxwj izlaLdj.k cksMZ<br />

8-28 la?k ljdkj us 2009 esa iq.ks] egkjk"Vª esa] tks ns'k ds izeq[k vaxwj iSnkokj rFkk izkslsflax {ks=ksa ds utnhd gSa] esa <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; vaxwj<br />

izlaLdj.k cksMZ ¼vkbZthihch½ <strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk gsrq viuh eatwjh iznku dj nh gSA 15 lnLlh; cksMZ] ftl<strong>dh</strong> v/;{krk m|ksx ds izfrf"Br<br />

O;kolkf;d }kjk <strong>dh</strong> tkrh gS] dks lkslk;Vh jftLVªs'ku vf/kfu;e] 1860 ds vUrxZr iq.ks esa jftLVMZ fd;k x;k gSA<br />

ckDl 8-5 vkbZthihch ds dk;Z vkSj mís';<br />

vuqla/kku rFkk fodkl] foLrkj rFkk xq.koÙkk esa lq/kkj] foi.ku vuqla/kku rFkk lwpuk rFkk <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; 'kjkc <strong>dh</strong> ?kjsyw rFkk vUrjkZ"Vªh;<br />

izkSUufr ij /;ku dsfUnzr djukA<br />

<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; 'kjkc m|ksx ds fodkl dks tkjh j[kus gsrq izksRlkgu nsukA<br />

<strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; 'kjkc {ks= esa o`f) ykus rFkk ubZ izks|ksfx<strong>dh</strong>;ksa@izfØ;kvksa esa xq.koÙkk dk ntkZ c


dVkbZ i'pkr izca/ku rFkk ewY; o/kZu 187<br />

pqukSfr;ka<br />

8-32 bl {ks= <strong>dh</strong> vU; pqukSfr;ksa esa egRoiw.kZ pqukSrh izR;sd Lrj ij vf/kd viO;; rFk ewY; o`f) dks jksduk 'kkfey gSA<br />

viO;;<br />

8-33 dsUnzh; iksLV gksoZLV baftfu;fjax rFkk izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> laLFkku ¼lhvkbZih,pbZVh½ }kjk fd, x, v/;;u ls vusd mRiknksa esa<br />

viO;; <strong>dh</strong> x.kuk <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSA uhps nh xbZ lkj.kh 8-4 esa bldk lkjka'k fn;k x;k gSA<br />

lkj.kh 8-4 fofHkUu Qlyksa esa viO;;<br />

Qly lafpr viO;; ¼izfr'kr½<br />

vukt 3-9&6<br />

nkysa 4-3&6-1<br />

frygu 6-0<br />

Qy rFkk lfCt;ka 5-8&18<br />

nw/k 0-8<br />

eRL; 2-9<br />

ehV 2-3<br />

dqDdqV 3-7<br />

lzksr% lhñvkbZñihñ,pñbZñVhñ yqf/k;kuk<br />

8-34 ewY; J`a[kyk esa vR;f/kd vkykspukRed igyqvksa essa ewY; J`a[kyk ds lHkh Lrjksa ij viO;; dk gksuk gSA viO;; ds fy,<br />

mÙkjnk;h rF;ksa esa fHkUu Lrjksa ij fHkUurk gS rFkk bls uhps nh xbZ lkj.kh esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA<br />

lkj.kh 8-5 d`f"k ftUlksa esa viO;;<br />

fdlku@oh,y, Lrj Qly {kfr vuqi;qDr iSnkokj rduhd ?kfV;k<br />

iSdsftax vi;kZIr ifjogu<br />

viO;; Fkksd foØsrk@v)Z Fkksd ueh gkfu] vi;kZIr gSaMfyax vi;kZIr ifjgou<br />

foØsrk Lrj cgqy gSaMfyax Hk.Mkj.k ijpwfu;ksa }kjk Js.khc) NaVkbZ<br />

lzksr% lhñvkbZñihñ,pñbZñVhñ yqf/k;kuk<br />

[kqnjk Lrj vi;kZIr gsUMfyax] vi;kZIr ifjogu] xzkgdksa }kjk<br />

gSUMfyax] ueh gkkfu


188 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

Hkkoh dk;Zuhfr<br />

8-35 [kk| izlaLdj.k dk lqn`


dVkbZ i'pkr izca/ku rFkk ewY; o/kZu 189<br />

ftUl vk/kkfjr izca/ku iz.kkyh dk l`tu djuk ykHkdkjh gksxkA ;g ljdkj rFkk vuqla/kku ,oa fodkl laLFkkuksa dks lykg<br />

nsrh gS rkfd ekax] vkiwfrZ] miHkksDrk <strong>dh</strong> vko';drk;sa rFkk ewY;ksa] ?kjsyw rFkk vUrjkZ"Vªh; nksuksa cktkjksa essa [kkst ds fy, iwoZ<br />

dne mBk, tk ldsaA vfHkK lwpuk laxzkgd iz.kkyh dks ns'k essa lHkh mi;ksxdrkZ ,tsafl;ksa rFkk fdlkuksa] tks fd uohure<br />

vkbZVh izkS|ksfxfd;ka rFkk vk/kkjHkwr


9-1 fdlkuksa ds fy, jk"Vªh; uhfr esa xkao Lrj ij lwpuk rFkk lapkj izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> ds mi;ksx ij cy fn;k x;k gS] rkfd fdlkuksa dks<br />

mfpr ijke'kZ rFkk visf{kr lwpuk izkIr gks ldsA vkbZlhVh midj.kksa rFkk vUrfj{k foKku fofu;ksx dk mi;ksx Qly iSnkokj rFkk<br />

mRiknu vkadyu <strong>dh</strong> vfèd fo'oluh;rk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, fd;k tk jgk gSA bl lacaè esa uohure lwpuk izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong><br />

rduhd esa lqèkj ykus rFkk mi;ksx esa ykus gsrq vkadM+ksa dk vfHkxzg.k rFkk feyku djus] blesa ewY; esa o`fð rFkk bls lHkh i.kèkfj;ksa<br />

esa izpkj djus ds fy, lrr~ iz;kl fd, x, gSaA<br />

d`f"k esa Hkw&LFkkfud rduhd dk iz;ksx<br />

izeq[k Qlyksa ds ckjs esa iwoZ iSnkokj mRiknu iwokZuqeku<br />

9-2 izeq[k Qlyksa ds ckjs esa ¼jk"Vªh;@jkT;@ftyk½ Lrjksa ij lSVsykbZV fjeksV ls¯lx MkVk] ekSle vkadM+ksa rFkk Qly o`fð vuq:i.k<br />

ekWMYl dk mi;ksx djds {ks=Qy dk vkadyu rFkk mRiknu iwokZuqeku ds fy, izfØ;kvksa dk fodkl fd;k x;k gSA ;g rduhd]<br />

Qly dVkbZ iSVuZ] ck


lwpuk izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> rFkk d`"kh; vkadM+s 191<br />

Hkw&ueh ij vkèkfjr [kjhQ Qlyksa dk lkIrkfgd ewY;kadu<br />

9-5 Hkw&LFkkfud Hkw ueh ekaMfyx esa mixzg ds mi;ksx ls o"kkZ mRiUu gksrh gSA ¼dYiuk lSVsykbZV ,.M DykbesV izksVsD'ku lsUVj vko<br />

us'kuy vksflfud ,.M ,VeksLQsfjd ,MfefuLVsª'ku] ;w-,l-,- ¼lh-ih-lh-,u-vks-,-,-½ dk fodkl fd;k x;k gS rFkk bldk izeq[k<br />

[kjhQ Qlyksa tSls pkoy rFkk eksVs vuktksa ds fy, Qly y{k.kksa uker% cksvkbZ] [ksr esa ueh <strong>fLFkfr</strong> rFkk ck


192 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

iksVZYl dk fodkl<br />

9-11 d`f"k vkSj lgdkfjrk foHkkx ¼eq[; :i ls jk"Vªh; lwpuk foKku dsUnz ds lg;ksx ls 80 iksVZYl] ,Iyhds'kal vkSj osclkbV~l<br />

fodflr fd, gSa ftlds varxZr eq[;ky; vkSj blesa QhYM dk;kZy;@funs'kky; nksuksa 'kkfey gSA egRoiw.kZ iksVZYl esa lhMusV] MSdusV<br />

,xekdZusV ¼eafM;ksa esa ewY; vkSj vken½ vkjdsohokbZ ¼jk"Vªh; d`f"k fodkl ;kstuk½] ,u,p,e ¼jk"Vªh; ckxokuh fe'ku½] baVªkMSd]<br />

,u,Q,l,e ¼jk"Vªh; [kkn~; lqj{kk fe'ku½ vkSj ,ihokbZ ¼,djst] mRikndrk vkSj iSnkokj½ 'kkfey gSaA d`f"k vkSj lgdkfjrk foHkkx<br />

lhès ftyk Lrj ls vkWuykbu MkVk izfo"V djk jgk gS rkfd visf{kr tkudkjh vkSj fjiksVZl izHkkoh


lwpuk izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> rFkk d`"kh; vkadM+s 193<br />

vkfnA xqtjkr <strong>dh</strong> bZ&d`f"k fdj.k] vU; ckrksa ds lkFk&lkFk ueh] lwpdkadksa] feV~Vh ds iks"kd rRoksa vkSj ekSle ds ekudksa ds vkèkj ij<br />

oSdfYid Qlyksa ds ckjs esa lq>ko nsrh gSA ,-ih- fxztusV LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa mRd`"V vkSj O;kid iksVZy gS ftlesa tks ikj[k.M] dsjy]<br />

e/; izns'k vkSj egkjk"Vª esa dk;kZUo;u gsrq ifj;kstuk Lohd`r <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSA bu lsokvksa esa <strong>dh</strong>Vuk'kdksa] moZjdksa vkSj cht] feV~Vh <strong>dh</strong><br />

<strong>fLFkfr</strong> ds ckjs esa lwpuk] Qly d`f"k e'khujh vkSj izf'k{k.k vkSj vPNh d`f"k i)fr;ka ¼th,ih½ ekSle lacaèh lykg] ewY; vken]<br />

[kjhn dsUnzksa ds ckjs esa lwpuk vkSj fopkj&foe'kZ eap eqgS;k djkus] fu;kZr vkSj vk;kr ds fy, bysDVªkfud vfHkizek.ku] foi.ku <strong>dh</strong><br />

vkèkjHkwr lajpuk ds ckjs esa tkudkjh] ;kstukvksa vkSj dk;ZØeksa ds dk;kZUo;u@ewY;kadu <strong>dh</strong> ekuhV¯jx] ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> vknkuksa ds ckjs esa<br />

lwpuk] ¯lpkbZ lacaèh vkèkjHkwr lajpuk ds ckjs esa lwpuk] lw[kk jkgr vkSj izcaèu] i'kqèu izcaèu 'kkfey gSaA ifj;kstuk ds izFke pj.k<br />

dk dk;kZUo;u 227 djksM+ #( <strong>dh</strong> jkf'k ls fd;k tk jgk gSA<br />

ckDl% 9-1% dEI;wVjhd`r vkWuykbu <strong>dh</strong>Vuk'kd iathdj.k iz.kkyh<br />

dsUnzh; <strong>dh</strong>Vuk'kd cksMZ ,oa iathdj.k lfefr ¼lhvkbZch vkSj vkjlh½ lfpoky; Qjhnkckn esa tqykbZ 2008 esa ,d dEI;wVjhd`r<br />

vkWuykbu iathdj.k iz.kkyh 'k: <strong>dh</strong> xbZ FkhA ml iz.kkyh ds tfj, <strong>dh</strong>Vuk'kd daifu;ka <strong>dh</strong>Vuk'kd mRiknksa ds iathdj.k ds fy, vkosnu<br />

vkSj dfe;ksa ds ckjs esa iz'u vkWuykbu izkIr dj ldrh g®A vkosnu <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong> ds ckjs esa lwpuk Hkh vkosnd dks vkWuykbu miyC/k gSaA ;g<br />

iz.kkyh {kerk c


194 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

d`f"k lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong><br />

9-20 [kk| lqj{kk] ewY; fLFkjrk] varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj vkfn ds lanHkZ esa ;kstuk vkSj uhfr cukus ds fy, d`f"k mRiknu vkSj vU; lacaf/kr<br />

igyqvksa ds ckjs esa le; ij fo'oluh; lwpuk miyC/k djkuk dkQh egRoiw.kZ gSA bu vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, vFkZ ,oa<br />

lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong> funs'kky;] d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx izeq[k [kk|kUu Qlyksa] fryguksa] xUuk] js'kk Qlyksa ds laca/k esa {ks=] mRiknu vkSj<br />

iSnkokj ds vuqeku fjyht djrk gSA bu Qlyksa dk dqy d`f"k mRiknu esa yxHkx 71 izfr'kr ;ksxnku gSA Qly mRiknu dk vuqeku<br />

{ks=Qy ds vuqeku dks iSnkokj ds vuqeku ls xq.kk djds izkIr fd;k tkrk gSA vke rkSj ij izR;sd d`f"k Qly ds nkSjku {ks=Qy]<br />

mRiknu vkSj iSnkokj ds pkj vfxze vuqeku vkSj ,d vafre vuqeku fd;k tkrk gSA {ks=h; vkadM+ksa rFkk Qly mit dk ,d=hdj.k<br />

djus ds fy, viukbZ xbZ iz.kkyh dk laf{kIr fooj.k uhps fn;k x;k gSA<br />

{ks=h; vkadM+s<br />

9-21 {ks=h; vkadM+ksa dks ,d= djus ds fy,] jkT;ksa dks rhu O;kid Jsf.k;ksa esa ckaVk x;k gS] uker%<br />

¼i½ jkT;ksa rFkk la?k 'kkflr {ks=ksa ftudk Hkwdj losZ{k.k fd;k x;k gS rFkk tgka Hkw&fjdkMZ dk j[kj[kko jktLo ,tsfUl;ksa ftudks<br />

lkekU;r% ¼Hkw&fjdkMZ jkT;ksa vFkok vLFkk;h rkSj ij LFkkfir jkT;ksa½ ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS] }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA 17 jkT;ksa<br />

uker% vka/kz izns'k] vle ¼igkM+h ftyksa dks NksM+dj½ fcgkj] NÙkhlxkj[kaM] dukZVd] e/; izns'k] egkjk"Vª] iatkc] jktLFkku] rfeyukMq] mÙkj izns'k rFkk mÙkjk[kaM rFkk pkj la?k 'kkflr {ks=ksa]<br />

paMhx


lwpuk izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> rFkk d`"kh; vkadM+s 195<br />

ekSle fuxjkuh xzqiksa ¼lh-MCY;w-MCY;w-th-½ laca/kh lwpuk esa fopkj&foeZ'k ds vk/kkj ij izfro"kZ ekpZ ds vUr@vizSy ds 'kq: esa tkjh<br />

fd;k tkrk gSA pkSFks vfxze vuqekuksa dks twu@tqykbZ ekg esa] tc vf/kdrj jch Qlyksa <strong>dh</strong> dVkbZ ebZ ds var rd dj yh tkrh gS] rFkk<br />

jkT; d`"kh; lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong> izkf/kdj.k ¼lklk½ nksuksa [kjhQ rFkk jch ekSleksa ds vuqekuksa dks rFkk blds lkFk&lkFk xehZ <strong>dh</strong> Qlyksa ds ckjs<br />

esa laHkkO; ewY;kadu lIykbZ djus <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong> esa gksrs g®] tkjh fd;k tkrk gSA bu<strong>dh</strong> oS|rk vU; lzksrksa ls izkIr miyC/k lwpuk ds vk/kkj<br />

ij <strong>dh</strong> tkrh gSA<br />

9-24 Qly vkadyu <strong>dh</strong> fo|eku iz.kkyh ds varxZr] pkSFks vfxze vuqekuksa dk vuqlj.k vkxkeh d`"kh; o"kZ ds fnlEcj@tuojh esa<br />

vafre vuqekuksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA izeq[k dkjd tks fd vis{kkd`r vf/kd Qly vuqekuksa esa ;ksxnku djrs g®] os g® iwjs ns'k esa Qly<br />

ekSleksa esa c`gr fHkUurk rFkk Qly dVkbZ iz;ksx ds vk/kkj ij mit vuqekuksa dk ladyu djus esa nsjhA<br />

d`"kh; vkadM+ksa esa lq/kkj gsrq ubZ igy<br />

9-25 d`"kh; vkadM+ksa <strong>dh</strong> fo|eku iz.kkyh esa] LFkkfir izfØ;kvksa rFkk O;kid dojst gksus ds ckotwn] Qly mRiknu <strong>dh</strong> iwoZ&iSnkokj<br />

voLFkk ij visf{kr LFkkfud C;kSjs lfgr lgh ewY;kadu iznku djus esa izfrc)rk fufgr g®A<br />

9-26 Qly iwokZuqeku rFkk Qly vkdyu <strong>dh</strong> fo|eku iz.kkyh esa {kerk c


196 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

vf/kd lapkyuh; cuk;k tk lds rFkk ftlds QyLo:i ekuo =qfV;ksa ds de gksus <strong>dh</strong> laHkkouk gksA lfefr }kjk flQkfj'k <strong>dh</strong> xbZ<br />

iquZlajpuk uhfr dk mís'; ¼d½ o"kZ nj o"kZ izR;sd Qly ekSle ds fy, fu;fer vk/kkj ij {ks= rFkk mRiknu ds ckjs esa vkadM+ksa dk<br />

fo'oluh; rFkk lkef;d rkSj ij fudkyuk rFkk ¼[k½ vusd fo'ks"k iz;kstuksa tSls Qly chek <strong>dh</strong> vis{kkvksa ds fy, vko';drk esa<br />

Hksn djuk gSA lfefr ds vuqlkj iquZlajfpr iz.kkyh ds dk;ks± dks igys ds vuqlkj dBksjrk ls lhfer fd;k tkuk pkfg,A<br />

9-29 lfefr dk ;g er gS fd =qfV ds Lohdk;Z ek£tu~ ds vUrxZr fo'oLr vuqekuksa ¼lSEi¯yx rFkk uku lSEi¯yx½ dks la'kksfèr<br />

lSEi¯yx rduhdksa] Lrj.k lfgr izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA jk"Vªh; rFkk jkT; Lrjh; vuqekuksa ds fy, xkaoksa <strong>dh</strong> visf{kr la[;k Vh-vkj-<br />

,l-@bZjkt }kjk doj <strong>dh</strong> xbZ la[;k ls dkQh de gSA y?kq izfrn'kZ laxBu] izf'kf{kr dk£edksa <strong>dh</strong> vko';drkvksa rFkk leqfpr] leFkZ<br />

ykxr ij mfpr i;Zos{k.k vfèd izcaè<strong>dh</strong>; gksxkA lfefr us jk"Vªh; Qly lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong> dsUnz ¼,u-lh-,l-lh-½ ds Lok;Rr O;kolkf;d<br />

rkSj ij pyk, tkus okys laxBu ftl<strong>dh</strong> èujkf'k iw.kZr dsUnz }kjk nh tk,xh] jkT; rFkk jk"Vªh; Lrjksa ij {ks= rFkk mit vuqekuksa <strong>dh</strong><br />

:ijs[kk rS;kj djus] mudk xBu djus rFkk mu<strong>dh</strong> mRifÙk gsrq l`tu djus <strong>dh</strong> Hkh flQkfj'k <strong>dh</strong> gSA lfefr us fo|eku fjeksV ls¯Ulx<br />

dk;ZØe dk foLrkj djus rFkk jkT; rFkk jk"Vªh; Lrjksa ij Qlyksa <strong>dh</strong> c`gr Js.kh gsrq {ks= ds ckjs esa mfpr rFkk oSn~; ekSleh; iwokZuqeku<br />

rFkk ekSle lekfIr ds vuqekuksa rFkk blds lkFk&lkFk xzke Lrj ij Hkw&mi;ksx rFkk Qlyksa ds lacaè esa foLr`r rFkk O;kid IykV Lrj<br />

vkadM+s iznku djus gsrq Hkh flQkfj'k <strong>dh</strong> gSA<br />

d`f"k x.kuk<br />

9-30 d`f"k x.kuk d`"kh; vkadM+ksa dks ,d= djus <strong>dh</strong> c`gr iz.kkyh dk Hkkx gS] tks fd ns'k esa d`f"k ds egRoiw.kZ igyqvksa ds ckjs esa<br />

ek=kRed lwpuk ,d= djus rFkk izkIr djus ds fy, cM+s iSekus ij lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong>; dk;Z djrk gS Hkkjr esa d`"kh; x.kuk ikap o"kks± ds<br />

vUrjky ij <strong>dh</strong> tkrh gS ftlds vUrxZr vkadM+s ,d= djus ds fy, ifjpkyu tksr&{ks= dks lw{e&Lrj ij lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong>;&;wfuV ds rkSj<br />

ij fy;k x;k gSA vkofèd d`f"k x.kuk ifjpkyu tksr&{ks=ksa <strong>dh</strong> ewy fof'k"Vrkvksa tSls Hkw&mi;ksx] Qly dVkbZ iSVuZ] ¯lpkbZ <strong>fLFkfr</strong>]<br />

dk'rdkjh iV~Vs <strong>dh</strong> 'krs± rFkk tksr {ks= foltZu <strong>dh</strong> lwpuk ds eq[; lzksr gSaA bl lwpuk dks fHkUu [ksrh vkdkjksa rFkk lkekftd xzqiksa }kjk<br />

fodkl fu;kstu] lkekftd&vk£Fkd uhfr fofuekZ.k rFkk jk"Vªh; vxzrkvksa <strong>dh</strong> LFkkiuk djus ds fy, vknku ds rkSj ij viukus gsrq<br />

lkj.khc) fd;k tkrk gSA bl x.kuk }kjk d`f"k vkadM+ksa ds O;kid ,<strong>dh</strong>d`r jk"Vªh; iz.kkyh ds fodkl ds fy, Hkh vkèkj iznku fd;k<br />

tkrk gSA ns'k esa 1970&71 ls vkB d`f"k x.kuk iw.kZ <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSA<br />

9-31 d`f"k x.kuk <strong>dh</strong> vuqorhZ dk;Zokgh ds :i esa] vknku losZ{k.k Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA vknku losZ{k.k ds ckjs esa lanHkZ o"kZ d`f"k x.kuk<br />

ds lanHkZ o"kZ vkxkeh o"kZ gSA vknku losZ{k.k }kjk cgqy Qly dVkbZ] jlk;u moZjdksa dk mi;ksx] tSo [kkn rFkk <strong>dh</strong>Vuk'kd ¼fofHkUu<br />

Qlyksa ds vUrxZr ¯lfpr rFkk xSj ¯lfpr {ks=k— ds fy, izFkd rkSj ij½ i'kq/ku] d`"kh; vkStkjk—@e'khujh dk mi;ksx d`"kh; _.k]<br />

mi;ksx e— yk;s x;s chtk— ds izdkj] vkbZñihñ,eñ ij ewY;oku lwpuk iznku <strong>dh</strong> tkrh gS] blds vykok ifjokj ds vkdkj ds ckjs e—]<br />

lk{kjrk rFkk d`f"k ifjokj vkfn <strong>dh</strong> vk;q ds ckjs e— lwpuk iznku <strong>dh</strong> tkrh gSA vHkh rd] 1976&77 lss ns'k e— lkr vknku&losZ{k.k iwjs<br />

dj fy, x, g®A<br />

9-32 Hkkjr e— d`f"k x.kuk la;qDr jk"Vª ds [kk| rFkk d`f"k laxBu ¼,Qñ,ñvksñ½ n~okjk rS;kj d`f"k ds nl&okfZ"kZd fo'o x.kuk <strong>dh</strong><br />

O;kid ekxZn'kZu dks viukdj <strong>dh</strong> tkrh gSA d`f"k x.kuk dks rhu fHkUu pj.kk— e—] ftudks fd lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong>; rkSj ij ,d= fd;k tkrk gS]<br />

dk;kZUo;u fd;k tkrk gS] ijUrq d`f"k vkadMk— ds fHkUUk igyqvk— ij /;ku dsfUnzr fd;k tkrk gSA<br />

9-33 pj.k&1 e— tksr {ks=k— <strong>dh</strong> lwph {ks= lfgr] ¯yx] tksr {ks= dk izdkj rFkk /kkjdk— dk lkekftd ny lfgr rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA<br />

pj.k&2 e— tksr {ks=k— ds d`"kh; fof'k"Vrkvk— ij foLr`r vkadMs+ pqfuUnk xkok— ls ,d= fd, tkrs g® rFkk vuqekuk— dks fofHkUu iz'kkl<strong>dh</strong>;<br />

Lrjk— ij rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA pj.k&3 e— vknku mi;ksx iSVuZ ij vkadMk— dk ,d=hdj.k pqfuUnk xkaok— ds pqfuUnk tksr {ks=k— ls fd;k<br />

tkrk gS rFkk fofHkUu iSjkehVj ds ewY;k— dks ftyk@jkT; Lrjk— ij vkdyu fd;k tkrk gSA


lwpuk izkS|ksfx<strong>dh</strong> rFkk d`"kh; vkadM+s 197<br />

d`f"k x.kuk 2005&2006 ds ifj.kke<br />

9-34 uohure d`"kh; x.kuk 2005&06 ds ifj.kkek— dks ftle— vknku losZ{k.k 2006&07 'kkfey gS dks vfUre :i fn;k x;k gS rFkk<br />

Hkkjr e— lapkykukRed tksr {ks=ksa <strong>dh</strong> la[;k rFkk {ks= ij fjiksVZ dks izdkf'kr fd;k x;k gSA d`"kh; x.kuk 2005&06 <strong>dh</strong> O;kid lwph<br />

foHkkx <strong>dh</strong> osclkbZV http/agcensus.nic.in ij miyC/k gSA<br />

d`f"k x.kuk 2005&06 ds eq[; fu"d"kZ dks lkjka'k esa uhps fn;k x;k gS%<br />

ns'k esa lapkykukRed tksr {ks=ksa <strong>dh</strong> dqy la[;k dk vkdyu 2000&01 esa 119-93 fefy;u <strong>dh</strong> vis{kkd`r 2005&06 esa <strong>12</strong>9-<br />

22 fefy;u fd;k x;k gS] blls 7-8 izfr'kr o`f) dk irk pyrk gSA<br />

2005&06 esa dqy lapkfyr {ks= 158-32 fefy;u gSDVs;j Fkk tcfd 2000&01 esa 159-44 fefy;u gSDVs;j Fkk] blesa 0-7<br />

izfr'kr <strong>dh</strong> ekewyh fxjkoV n'kkZ;h xbZ gSA<br />

lapkykukRed tksr {ks= ds vkSlru vkdkj esa rsth ls fxjkoV gqbZ gSA tksr {ks= dk vkSlr vkdkj tks fd 1970&71 esa 2-28<br />

gSDVs;j Fkk] fxjdj 1976&77 esa 2-00 gSDVs;j] 1980&81 esa 1-89 gSDVs;j] 1985&86 esa 1-69 gSDVs;j] 1990-01 esa 1-55<br />

gSDVs;j] 1995&96 esa 1-41 gSDVs;j] 2000&01 esa 1-33 gSDVs;j rFkk 2005&06 esa 1-23 gSDVs;j gks x;kA<br />

tksr {ks=ksa ds fHkUu vkdkj xzwiksa esa] tksr {ks=ksa <strong>dh</strong> vf/kdre la[;k ¼yxHkx 65 izfr'kr½ lhekar tksr {ks= gS ¼1 gSDVs;j ls<br />

de½ blds i'pkr yxHkx 18 izfr'kr y?kq tksr {ks= ¼1&2 gSDVs;j½ yxHkx 11 izfr'kr v)Z&e/;e tksr {ks= ¼2&4<br />

gSDVs;j½ yxHkx 5 izfr'kr e/;e tksr {ks= ¼4&10 gSDVs;j½ rFkk ,d izfr'kr ls de cgqr tksr {ks= ¼10 gSDVs;j rFkk mlls<br />

vf/kd½<br />

yxHkx 96 izfr'kr tksr {ks=ksa ¼tks dqy lapkfyr {ks= dk 94 izfr'kr½ la?kfVr djrs gSa ds ikl vius fuokl ds xkao esa iw.kZ<br />

lapkfyr {ks= gSA<br />

Qly dVkbZ rhozrk <strong>dh</strong> lax.kuk 132 izfr'kr <strong>dh</strong> xbZ gSA<br />

lkj.kh 9-1 dk'rdkjh <strong>fLFkfr</strong> vkSj vkdkj oxks± }kjk Hkkjr esa ifjpykukRed forj.k<br />

Øeñlañ izeq[k tksr {ks= iw.kZr% LokfeRo iw.kZr;k iw.kZr;k<br />

¼uacj 000 esa½<br />

var'k% LokfeRo<br />

vkdkj <strong>dh</strong> dqy rFkk Lor% iV~Vs ij vU; izdkj var'k% iV~Vs ij<br />

Js.kh la[;k lapkfyr nsuk ls lapkfyr rFkk var'k% vU;<br />

izdkj ls lapkfyr<br />

1 lhekUr 64]437 62]463 245 188 1]541<br />

¼100-00½ ¼96-94½ ¼0-38½ ¼0-29½ ¼2-39½<br />

2 y?kq 18]801 18]201 53 29 519<br />

¼100-00½ ¼96-81½ ¼0-28½ ¼0-15½ ¼2-76½<br />

3 vnoZ& 11]238 11]011 14 13 200<br />

e/;e ¼100-00½ ¼97-98½ ¼0-<strong>12</strong>½ ¼0-<strong>12</strong>½ ¼1-78½<br />

4 e/;e 53]52 5]284 4 3 61<br />

¼100-00½ ¼98-73½ ¼0-7½ ¼0-05½ ¼1-15½<br />

5 c`gr 1]022 1]004 1 ux.;¹ 16<br />

¼100-00½ ¼98-28½ ¼0-13½ ¼1-55½<br />

lHkh vkdkj 1]00]849 97]963 317 232 2]337<br />

Jsf.k;ka ¼100-00½ ¼97-14½ ¼0-31½ ¼0-23½ ¼2-32½<br />

fVIi.kh% ¼1½ dks"Bd esa fn, x, vkadM+s tksr {ks= <strong>dh</strong> dqy la[;k ds ckjs esa lwfpr djrs g®A<br />

fVIi.kh% ¼2½ ldy ;ksx iw.kZ iw.kk±d ds dkj.k vuq:irk ugha vk;sxh] fcgkj] >kj[k.M rFkk egkjk"Vª dks NksM+dj ux.;* ¼500 tksr {ks=ksa ls de½<br />

lzksr % d`"kh; xM+uk 2005&06


198 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

tksrksa <strong>dh</strong> la[;k ¼^000 esa½<br />

tksrksa <strong>dh</strong> la[;k ¼^000 esa½<br />

d`"kh; x.kuk 2010&11<br />

vkd`fr 9-1% fofHkUu d`f"k lax.kuk ds vuqlkj lapykukRed tksrks {ks=ksa <strong>dh</strong> la[;k<br />

vkd`fr 9-2% lapkyukRed tksr {ks=ksa }kjk fHkUu d`f"k lax.kuk<br />

ds o`gr lapkfyr {ks=-<br />

lhekUr<br />

y?kq<br />

v)Z e/;e<br />

e/;e<br />

o`Ùk<br />

lhekUr<br />

y?kq<br />

v)Z e/;e<br />

e/;e<br />

o`Ùk<br />

9-35 ukSoha d`f"k x.kuk lanHkZ o"kZ 2010&11] 4 tuojh] 2011 dks 'kq: fd;k x;k gSA d`f"k x.kuk 2010&11 ds vkadM+s ,d=hdj.k<br />

djus gsrq vuqns'kksa <strong>dh</strong> vuqlwph fu;ekoyh dks jkT;ksa@la?k 'kkflr {ks=ksa dks ifjpkfyr fd;k x;k gS rFkk vusd dk;Zdykiksa dks iwjk djus<br />

ds fy, le; vuqlwph dks jkT;@la?k 'kkflr ljdkjksa ds lkFk ijke'kZ djds rS;kj dj fy;k x;k gSA


vuqca/k 199<br />

Server 3\e\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\Annexure\Annexure<br />

lanHkZ<br />

lhñ,lñvksñ 2011 ys;kuy vdkmaV LVsfVfLVd] lSUVªy LVsfVfLVd vksxsZukbts'ku] lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong> ,oa dk;ZØe dk;kZUo;u ea=ky;]<br />

,pVhVhih@@,evks,lihvkbZj-fud-bu <strong>12</strong>-10-2011<br />

Hkkjr ljdkj ,xzhdYpjy LVsfVfLVd ,V , Xykal] fofHkUu eqís] d`f"k ea=ky;<br />

xqykVh ,ñ] FkksjkV ,lñ rFkk 'ksaxsu ,Q 2008 baosLVesaV] lclhMht ,.M izksiwj xzksFk bu #jy bafM;k] ,xzhdYpjy bdkukfeDl] [kaM 39<br />

i`"B 163% 170<br />

tSu ds] 'kekZ ohñdsñ] dkfn;ku vkjñ,lñ] HkYyk ,lñ,yñ funs'kd foi.ku] foLrkj f'k{kk funs'kky;] lhñ,lñ,lñ] gfj;k.kk d`f"k<br />

fo'ofo|ky;] fglkj<br />

eksTljk] ,eñvkjñ 2002 ,osyscy ukbVªkstu] izkLijl ,.M iisVkf'k;e LVsV~l vkWQ bafM;k ,t fMfiDVsM ck; ;kly QykZbtj eSIl U;wt<br />

478% 15%21-<br />

,uñ,ñ,ñ,lñ LVsV~l bafM;u ,xzhdYpj% us'kuy ,dkneh vkWQ ,xzhdYpjy lkbalst] ubZ fnYyh<br />

,uñ,ñ,ñ,lñ LVsV~l vkWQ bafM;u ,xzhdYpj nh baMks xaxsfVd Iysu] us'kuy ,dkneh vkWQ ,xzhdYpjy lkbalst] ubZ fnYyh<br />

,uñchñ,lñ,lñ ,.M ,yñ;wñihñ 2008 gkeksZukbts'ku vkWQ y®M~;@os#Vy®M MkVklsV~l vkWQ bafM;k<br />

,uñ,lñ,lñvksñ ¼2005½ bUde ,DlihfM,aV ,.M izksMfDVo ,lsV~l vkWQ QkElZ gkmlgksYMl&,uñ,lñ,lñ 59oha cSBd ¼tu-&fnl-] 2003½<br />

fjiksVZ la[;k 497 ¼59@33@5½] fnlEcj<br />

,uñ,lñ,lñvksñ&us'kuy lSeiy losZ vkxsZukbts'ku] fofHkUu cSBdsa dk;ZØe dk;kZUo;u ,oa lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong> ea=ky; ubZ fnYyh<br />

vkfFkZd lykgdkj dk dk;kZy; ¼2011½] Fkksd ewY; lwpdkad] okf.kT; ,oa m|ksx ea=ky;] ubZ fnYyh<br />

;kstuk vk;ksx ¼2002½ nloha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ds fy, fjiksVZ ij LFkk;h lfefr <strong>dh</strong> fjiksVZ] Hkkjr ljdkj ubZ fnYyh<br />

;kstuk vk;ksx ¼2007½ X;kjgoha iapo"khZ; ;kstuk ¼2007&<strong>12</strong>½ d`f"k] xzkeh.k fodkl] m|ksx lsok,a rFkk HkkSfrd volajpuk&[kaM III] Hkkjr<br />

ljdkj] ubZ fnYyh<br />

;kstuk vk;ksx ¼2011½ varjkZ"Vªh; rFkk ckgjh O;kikj ds fy, visf{kr d`f"k foi.ku volajpuk vkSj f}rh; d`f"k uhfr ij dk;Zdkjh ny<br />

izdk'k ohñ fyafdax QkElZ Vw ekdsZV% le lDlslQqy LVMht Qz ke bafM;k @ lhñ,QñVhñvkjñvkbZñ] eSlwj<br />

,lñihñ flag] vkjñ,lñ flag rFkk lqjsUnz flag ¼2011½ lsy VsªM vkWQ VªSDVlZ ,.M QkeZ ikoj vosysfcfyVh bu bafM;k] ,xzhdYpjy bathfu;fjax Vw<br />

Ms] [kaM 35¼2½ vizSy] twu] i`"B 31&49


200 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

Server 3\e\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\Annexure\Annexure<br />

vuqca/k % 1-1 vkfFkZd dk;Zdykiksa }kjk ;kstuk&okj fodkl nj<br />

¼izfr'kr½ ¼2004&05 ds ewY;ksa ij½<br />

o"kZ ikapoha iapo"khZ; dqy d`f"k eRL;ikyu<br />

;kstuk vFkZO;oLFkk okfu<strong>dh</strong> rFkk i'kq/ku lfgr okfu<strong>dh</strong> ,oa<br />

eRL;ikyu d`f"k yksfxax<br />

1 2 3 4 5 6 7<br />

1950-51 .. .. .. .. ..<br />

1951-52 2.3 1.5 1.6 -0.2 6.2<br />

1952-53 izFke iapo"khZ; ;kstuk 2.8 3.2 4.2 -5.4 5.5<br />

1953-54 (1951-56) 6.1 7.7 9.0 -3.2 2.1<br />

1954-55 4.2 2.9 2.8 3.8 7.5<br />

1955-56 2.6 -0.9 -1.5 4.0 8.1<br />

vkSlr 3.6 2.9 3.2 -0.2 5.9<br />

1956-57 5.7 5.4 6.0 -0.7 11.1<br />

1957-58 f}rh; ;kstuk -1.2 -4.5 -5.1 0.4 2.3<br />

1958-59 (1956-61) 7.6 10.1 11.2 -0.2 4.3<br />

1959-60 2.2 -1 -1.5 3.5 0.9<br />

1960-61 7.1 6.7 7.3 1.1 6.9<br />

vkSlr 4.3 3.3 3.6 0.8 5.1<br />

1961-62 3.1 0.1 -0.3 4.0 2.8<br />

1962-63 2.1 -2.0 -2.1 0.2 -5.1<br />

1963-64 r`rh; ;kstuk (1961-66) 5.1 2.3 1.9 5.8 9.3<br />

1964-65 7.6 9.2 10.3 -1.7 10.0<br />

1965-66 -3.7 -11 -13.5 13.4 0.0<br />

vkSlr 2.8 -0.3 -0.7 4.3 3.4<br />

1966-67 okf"kZd ;kstuk (1966-67) 1.0 -1.4 -2.3 4.9 3.6<br />

1967-68 okf"kZd ;kstuk (1967-68) 8.1 14.9 17.1 -0.4 4.3<br />

1968-69 okf"kZd ;kstuk (1968-69) 2.6 -0.2 -0.3 0.4 6.0<br />

vkSlr 3.9 4.4 4.8 1.6 4.7<br />

1969-70 6.5 6.4 7.2 -0.3 2.4<br />

1970-71 5.0 7.1 7.4 4.9 2.6<br />

1971-72 prqFkZ ;kstuk (1969-74) 1.0 -1.9 -2.7 4.4 6.4<br />

1972-73 -0.3 -5.0 -5.6 -0.9 2.7<br />

1973-74 4.6 7.2 8.4 -2.8 2.9<br />

vkSlr 3.4 2.8 3 1.1 3.4<br />

1974-75 1.2 -1.5 -2.8 8.7 7.6<br />

1975-76 9.0 <strong>12</strong>.9 14.2 2.8 6.1<br />

1976-77 ikapoha ;kstuk (1974-79) 1.2 -5.8 -6.1 -3.3 -3.3<br />

1977-78 7.5 10.0 <strong>12</strong>.5 -11.5 0.0<br />

1978-79 5.5 2.3 2.0 5.4 4.8<br />

vkSlr 4.9 3.6 4 0.4 3.1


vuqca/k 201<br />

1 2 3 4 5 6 7<br />

1979-80 okf"kZd ;kstuk (1979-80) -5.2 -<strong>12</strong>.8 -13.4 -8.9 -0.7<br />

1980-81 7.2 <strong>12</strong>.9 14.4 -1.5 1.8<br />

1981-82 5.6 4.6 4.8 2.8 0.9<br />

1982-83 NBh ;kstuk (1980-85) 2.9 -0.3 -0.1 -1.9 -1.1<br />

1983-84 7.9 10.1 10.8 -3.2 19.6<br />

1984-85 4.0 1.6 1.5 0.4 6.8<br />

vkSlr 5.5 5.8 6.3 -0.7 5.6<br />

1985-86 4.2 0.3 0.2 0.6 3.3<br />

1986-87 4.3 -0.4 -0.4 -1.2 0.5<br />

1987-88 lkroha ;kstuk (1985-90) 3.5 -1.6 -1.7 -1.8 2.7<br />

1988-89 10.2 15.6 16.8 -0.6 9.1<br />

1989-90 6.1 1.2 0.4 9.9 11.4<br />

vkSlr 5.7 3 3.1 1.4 5.4<br />

1990-91 okf"kZd ;kstuk (1990-91) 5.3 4.0 4.3 -1.3 4.8<br />

1991-92 okf"kZd ;kstuk (1991-92) 1.4 -2.0 -2.3 0.8 3.6<br />

vkSlr 3.4 1.0 1.0 -0.3 4.2<br />

1992-93 5.4 6.7 7.1 -2.3 8.5<br />

1993-94 5.7 3.3 3.2 -0.5 11.2<br />

1994-95 vkBoha ;kstuk (1992-97) 6.4 4.7 4.7 2.7 6.3<br />

1995-96 7.3 -0.7 -1.0 -0.4 5.2<br />

1996-97 8 9.9 10.4 1.5 8.1<br />

vkSlr 6.5 4.8 4.9 0.2 7.9<br />

1997-98 4.3 -2.6 -3 2.5 1.7<br />

1998-99 6.7 6.3 7.1 1.2 -5.0<br />

1999-00 ukSoha ;kstuk (1997-2002) 7.6 2.7 2.4 4.4 7.0<br />

2000-01 4.3 0.0 -0.6 2.7 4.7<br />

2001-02 5.5 6.0 6.5 3.1 5.0<br />

vkSlr 5.7 2.5 2.5 2.8 2.7<br />

2002-03 4.0 -6.6 -8.1 0.7 4.1<br />

2003-04 8.1 9.0 10.8 -1.1 3.6<br />

2004-05 nloha ;kstuk (2002-07) 7.0 0.2 0.1 2.1 -2.0<br />

2005-06 9.5 5.1 5.5 1.8 5.9<br />

2006-07 9.6 4.2 4.1 3.3 6.6<br />

vkSlr 7.6 2.4 2.5 1.3 3.6<br />

2007-08 9.3 5.8 6.3 1.4 5.8<br />

2008-09 X;kjgoha ;kstuk (2007-<strong>12</strong>) 6.7 0.1 -0.3 1.9 2.7<br />

2009-10 8.4 1.0 0.7 2.8 3.0<br />

2010-11 8.4 7.0 7.8 2.9 3.0<br />

vkSlr (izFke pkj o"kZ) 8.2 3.5 3.6 2.2 3.6<br />

Server 3\e\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\Annexure\Annexure


202 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

vuqca/k % 1-2 vkfFkZd dk;Zdykiksa }kjk dqy vFkZO;oLFkk dk ;kstuk&okj va'k<br />

Server 3\e\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\Annexure\Annexure<br />

¼izfr'kr½ ¼2004&05 ewY;½<br />

o"kZ iapo"khZ; ;kstuk d`f"k i'kq/ku lfgr okfu<strong>dh</strong> ,oa eRL; ikyu<br />

okfu<strong>dh</strong> rFkk d`f"k ykfxax<br />

eRL;ikyu<br />

1 2 3 4 5 6<br />

1950-51 51.9 41.8 14.3 1.0<br />

1951-52 51.4 41.5 14.0 1.0<br />

1952-53 izFke ;kstuk ¼1951&56½ 51.6 42.1 <strong>12</strong>.9 1.0<br />

1953-54 52.4 43.2 11.7 1.0<br />

1954-55 51.7 42.6 11.7 1.0<br />

1955-56 50.0 41 11.9 1.1<br />

vkSlr 51.4 42.1 <strong>12</strong>.4 1.0<br />

1956-57 49.9 41.1 11.1 1.1<br />

1957-58 48.2 39.5 11.3 1.2<br />

1958-59 nwljh ;kstuk ¼1956&61½ 49.3 40.8 10.5 1.1<br />

1959-60 47.8 39.3 10.6 1.1<br />

1960-61 47.6 39.4 10.0 1.1<br />

vkSlr 48.6 40 10.7 1.1<br />

1961-62 46.3 38.1 10.1 1.1<br />

1962-63 44.4 36.5 9.9 1.0<br />

1963-64 rhljh ;kstuk ¼1961&66½ 43.2 35.4 10.0 1.1<br />

1964-65 43.9 36.3 9.1 1.1<br />

1965-66 40.5 32.6 10.8 1.2<br />

vkSlr 43.7 35.8 10 1.1<br />

1966-67 okf"kZd ;kstuk ¼1966&67½ 39.6 31.5 11.2 1.2<br />

1967-68 okf"kZd ;kstuk ¼1967&68½ 42.0 34.2 10.3 1.1<br />

1968-69 okf"kZd ;kstuk ¼1968&69½ 40.9 33.2 10.1 1.2<br />

vkSlr 40.8 33.0 10.5 1.2<br />

1969-70 40.9 33.4 9.4 1.1<br />

1970-71 41.7 34.2 9.4 1.1<br />

1971-72 pkSFkh ;kstuk ¼1969&74½ 40.5 32.9 9.7 1.2<br />

1972-73 38.6 31.2 9.7 1.2<br />

1973-74 39.5 32.3 9.0 1.2<br />

vkSlr 40.2 32.8 9.4 1.2<br />

1974-75 38.5 31.1 9.7 1.3<br />

1975-76 39.9 32.5 9.1 1.2<br />

1976-77 ikapoha ;kstuk ¼1974&79½ 37.1 30.2 8.7 1.2<br />

1977-78 38.0 31.6 7.2 1.1<br />

1978-79 36.8 30.6 7.2 1.1<br />

vkSlr 38.1 31.2 8.4 1.2


vuqca/k 203<br />

1 2 3 4 5 6<br />

1979-80 okf"kZd ;kstuk ¼1979&80½ 33.9 27.9 6.9 1.1<br />

1980-81 35.7 29.8 6.3 1.1<br />

1981-82 35.3 29.6 6.2 1.0<br />

1982-83 NBh ;kstuk ¼1980&85½ 34.2 28.7 5.9 1.0<br />

1983-84 35.0 29.5 5.3 1.1<br />

1984-85 34.2 28.8 5.1 1.1<br />

vkSlr 34.9 29.3 5.7 1.1<br />

1985-86 32.9 27.7 4.9 1.1<br />

1986-87 31.4 26.4 4.6 1.1<br />

1987-88 lkroha ;kstuk ¼1985&90½ 29.9 25.1 4.4 1.1<br />

1988-89 31.3 26.6 4.0 1.1<br />

1989-90 29.9 25.2 4.1 1.1<br />

vkSlr 31.1 26.2 4.4 1.1<br />

1990-91 okf"kZd ;kstuk ¼1990&91½ 29.5 24.9 3.9 1.1<br />

1991-92 okf"kZd ;kstuk ¼1991&92½ 28.5 24.0 3.8 1.1<br />

vkSlr 29 24.5 3.8 1.1<br />

1992-93 28.9 24.4 3.6 1.2<br />

1993-94 28.2 23.8 3.3 1.2<br />

1994-95 vkBoha ;kstuk ¼1992&97½ 27.8 23.5 3.2 1.2<br />

1995-96 25.7 21.7 3.0 1.2<br />

1996-97 26.2 22.1 2.8 1.2<br />

vkSlr 27.4 23.1 3.2 1.2<br />

1997-98 24.5 20.6 2.8 1.2<br />

1998-99 24.4 20.7 2.6 1.0<br />

1999-00 ukSoha ;kstuk ¼1997&2002½ 23.3 19.7 2.6 1.0<br />

2000-01 22.3 18.8 2.5 1.0<br />

2001-02 22.4 18.9 2.5 1.0<br />

vkSlr 23.4 19.7 2.6 1.1<br />

2002-03 20.1 16.7 2.4 1.0<br />

2003-04 20.3 17.1 2.2 1.0<br />

2004-05 nloha ;kstuk ¼2002&07½ 19.0 16.0 2.1 0.9<br />

2005-06 18.3 15.5 1.9 0.9<br />

2006-07 17.4 14.7 1.8 0.9<br />

vkSlr 19.0 16.0 2.1 0.9<br />

2007-08 16.8 14.3 1.7 0.8<br />

2008-09 X;kjgoha ;kstuk ¼2007&<strong>12</strong>½ 15.8 13.4 1.6 0.8<br />

2009-10 14.7 <strong>12</strong>.4 1.5 0.8<br />

2010-11 14.5 <strong>12</strong>.3 1.4 0.7<br />

vkSlr 15.5 13.1 1.6 0.8<br />

Server 3\e\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\Annexure\Annexure


204 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

vuqca/k % 1-3 ldy iwath fuekZ.k (thbZlh) esa lkoZtfud vkSj futh {ks= dk ;kstukokj o"kZokj fgLlk<br />

Server 3\e\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\Annexure\Annexure<br />

(2004-05 ds ewY;ksa ij)<br />

;kstuk vof/k o"kZ d`f"k ,oa leoxhZ {ks=ksa ds i'kq/ku lfgr d`f"k {ks= esa okfu<strong>dh</strong> rFkk ykfxax ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> {ks= ds<br />

lkoZtfud o futh lkoZtfud o futh {ks= esa thlh,Q esa thlh,Q esa lkoZtfud<br />

¼thlh,Q esa½ thlh,Q ¼thlh,Q esa½ thlh,Q lkoZtfud ,oa futh o futh ¼thlh,Q½<br />

dk fgLlk ¼-½ dk fgLlk ¼-½ ¼thlh,Q½ dk fgLlk ¼-½ dk fgLlk ¼-½<br />

lkoZtfud futh lkoZtfud futh lkoZtfud futh lkoZtfud futh<br />

1950-60 miyC/k ugha gS<br />

1960-61 44.6 55.4 44.0 56.0 97.7 2.3 0.0 100.0<br />

rhljh ;kstuk 1961-62 39.7 60.3 39.1 60.9 105.2 -5.2 0.0 100.0<br />

(1961-66) 1962-63 44.0 56.0 42.9 57.1 103.2 -3.2 0.0 100.0<br />

1963-64 42.1 57.9 41.3 58.7 98.5 1.5 0.0 100.0<br />

1964-65 38.9 61.1 38.2 61.8 96.1 3.9 0.0 100.0<br />

1965-66 41.3 58.7 40.7 59.3 96.4 3.6 0.0 100.0<br />

vkSlr 41.2 58.8 40.4 59.6 99.9 0.1 0.0 100.0<br />

okf"kZd ;kstuk<br />

(1966-67)<br />

1966-67 32.7 67.3 32.0 68.0 98.2 1.8 0.0 100.0<br />

okf"kZd ;kstuk 1967-68 27.9 72.1 27.0 73.0 95.1 4.9 0.0 100.0<br />

(1967-68)<br />

okf"kZd ;kstuk 1968-69 29.0 71.0 28.5 71.5 96.7 3.3 0.0 100.0<br />

(1968-69)<br />

vkSlr 29.9 70.1 29.1 70.9 96.7 3.3 0.0 100.0<br />

pkSFkh ;kstuk 1969-70 28.4 71.6 27.8 72.2 105.2 -5.2 0.0 100.0<br />

(1969-74) 1970-71 32.4 67.6 31.7 68.3 98.3 1.7 0.0 100.0<br />

1971-72 32.6 67.4 31.9 68.1 98.2 1.8 0.0 100.0<br />

1972-73 39.8 60.2 39.5 60.5 98.1 1.9 0.0 100.0<br />

1973-74 35.9 64.1 35.6 64.4 98 2.0 0.2 99.8<br />

vkSlr 33.8 66.2 33.3 66.7 99.6 0.4 0.0 100.0<br />

ikapoha ;kstuk 1974-75 32.7 67.3 32.4 67.6 98.4 1.6 0.4 99.6<br />

(1974-79) 1975-76 35.3 64.7 34.9 65.1 98.7 1.3 0.7 99.3<br />

1976-77 40.2 59.8 39.7 60.3 98.7 1.3 0.7 99.3<br />

1977-78 41.9 58.1 41.5 58.5 100.8 -0.8 0.6 99.4<br />

1978-79 38.8 61.2 38.2 61.8 98.6 1.4 0.6 99.4<br />

vkSlr 37.8 62.2 37.4 62.6 99.1 0.9 0.6 99.4<br />

okf"kZd ;kstuk<br />

(1979-80)<br />

1979-80 40.4 59.6 39.8 60.2 98.6 1.4 0.6 99.4<br />

NBh ;kstuk 1980-81 49.2 50.8 48.5 51.5 99 1.0 1.3 98.7<br />

(1980-85) 1981-82 54.7 45.3 54 46 99.2 0.8 1.5 98.5<br />

1982-83 51.2 48.8 50.3 49.7 99.1 0.9 1.6 98.4<br />

1983-84 48.1 51.9 46.7 53.3 98.9 1.1 2.6 97.4<br />

1984-85 49.5 50.5 48.3 51.7 98.9 1.1 3.8 96.2<br />

vkSlr 50.5 49.5 49.6 50.4 99.0 1.0 2.2 97.8<br />

lkroha ;kstuk 1985-86 46.6 53.4 45.6 54.4 99.7 0.3 2.4 97.6<br />

(1985-90) 1986-87 43.8 56.2 42.6 57.4 98.7 1.3 3.4 96.6<br />

1987-88 35.8 64.2 35.0 65.0 98.0 2.0 1.8 98.2<br />

1988-89 35.8 64.2 34.7 65.3 98.2 1.8 0.9 99.1<br />

1989-90 31.0 69.0 29.5 70.5 98.3 1.7 0.9 99.1<br />

vkSlr 38.6 61.4 37.5 62.5 98.6 1.4 1.9 98.1


206 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

vuqca/k % 1-4 ;kstukokj o"kZokj thlh,Q@fuos'k dk ¼izfr'kr va'k½ ¼2004&05 ds ewY;½<br />

(2004-05 ds ewY;ksa ij)<br />

;kstuk vof/k o"kZ dqy esa thlh,Q dk d`f"k ,oa d`f"k ,oa leoxhZ {ks=ksa esa thlh,Q o vFkZO;oLFkk esa thMhih ds izfr<br />

leoxhZ {ks=ksa esa thlh,Q ¼-½ thMhih dk ¼-½ fgLlk thlh,Q dk ¼-½ fgLlk<br />

fgLlk ¼-½<br />

lkoZtfud futh dqy lkoZtfud futh dqy lkoZtfud futh dqy<br />

izFke ;kstuk 1950-51 .. 23.5 .. 7.3 .. 16.1<br />

(1951—56) 1951-52 .. .. 25.2 .. .. 7.5 .. .. 15.3<br />

1952-53 .. .. 26.6 .. .. 6.7 .. .. 13.0<br />

1953-54 .. .. 28.8 .. .. 6.4 .. .. 11.6<br />

1954-55 .. .. 24.3 .. .. 6.5 .. .. 13.7<br />

1955-56 .. .. 23.6 .. .. 7.4 .. .. 15.7<br />

vkSlr 25.7 6.9 13.9<br />

nwljh ;kstuk 1956-57 .. .. 21.0 .. .. 7.9 .. .. 18.9<br />

(1956—61) 1957-58 .. .. 19.8 .. .. 7.6 .. .. 18.6<br />

1958-59 .. .. 21.6 .. .. 6.6 .. .. 15.0<br />

1959-60 .. .. 15.1 .. .. 5.4 .. .. 17.2<br />

1960-61 14.5 18.7 16.6 2.8 3.4 6.2 9.1 8.7 17.8<br />

vkSlr 18.8 6.8 17.5<br />

rhljh ;kstuk 1961-62 13.7 19.8 16.8 2.7 4.1 6.7 9.0 9.5 18.5<br />

(1961—66) 1962-63 13.1 19.4 16.0 3.1 4.0 7.1 10.5 9.1 19.6<br />

1963-64 <strong>12</strong>.0 21.0 15.9 3.2 4.4 7.7 11.6 9.2 20.8<br />

1964-65 11.7 20.4 15.8 3.0 4.7 7.7 11.3 10.2 21.5<br />

1965-66 <strong>12</strong>.0 19.6 15.6 3.6 5.1 8.7 <strong>12</strong>.1 10.5 22.6<br />

vkSlr <strong>12</strong>.5 20.0 16.0 3.1 4.5 7.6 10.9 9.7 20.6<br />

okf"kZd ;kstuk 1966-67 11.5 21.2 16.7 3.2 6.5 9.6 10.8 <strong>12</strong>.1 22.9<br />

(1966—67)<br />

okf"kZd ;kstuk 1967-68 <strong>12</strong>.9 24.2 19.5 2.8 7.3 10.2 9.2 <strong>12</strong>.7 22.0<br />

(1967—68)<br />

okf"kZd ;kstuk<br />

(1968—69)<br />

1968-69 14.5 26.7 21.5 3.3 8.0 11.2 9.2 <strong>12</strong>.2 21.4<br />

vkSlr 13.0 24.0 19.2 3.1 7.3 10.4 9.7 <strong>12</strong>.4 22.1<br />

pkSFkh ;kstuk 1969-70 14.3 24.1 20.2 3.0 7.5 10.5 8.5 <strong>12</strong>.7 21.2<br />

(1969—74) 1970-71 14.6 20.7 18.2 2.8 5.8 8.6 8.0 11.7 19.7<br />

1971-72 14.1 19.6 17.4 3.1 6.3 9.4 8.8 13.1 21.9<br />

1972-73 15.2 21.8 18.6 4.1 6.3 10.4 10.5 11.1 21.6<br />

1973-74 14.3 19.9 17.4 3.4 6.1 9.6 9.5 <strong>12</strong>.2 21.7<br />

vkSlr 14.5 21.2 18.4 3.3 6.4 9.7 9.1 <strong>12</strong>.2 21.2<br />

ikapoh ;kstuk 1974-75 14.6 18.0 16.7 3.3 6.7 9.9 8.6 14.3 22.9<br />

(1974—79) 1975-76 14.1 22.9 18.8 3.2 5.8 9.0 9.0 10.2 19.1<br />

1976-77 16.1 23.6 19.9 4.6 6.9 11.5 10.7 10.9 21.5<br />

1977-78 16.9 19.6 18.4 4.6 6.4 11.0 10.4 <strong>12</strong>.4 22.8<br />

1978-79 17.1 21.2 19.4 4.9 7.7 <strong>12</strong>.6 10.5 13.4 23.9<br />

vkSlr 15.8 21.0 18.6 4.1 6.7 10.8 9.8 <strong>12</strong>.2 22.0<br />

okf"kZd ;kstuk<br />

(1979—80)<br />

1979-80 17.0 23.0 20.2 5.8 8.6 14.4 11.6 <strong>12</strong>.6 24.2<br />

NBh ;kstuk 1980-81 17.0 20.0 18.4 5.7 5.9 11.6 <strong>12</strong>.0 10.5 22.5<br />

(1980—85) 1981-82 13.3 13.4 13.3 5.1 4.2 9.3 13.6 11.2 24.8<br />

1982-83 11.9 15.9 13.6 5.0 4.8 9.8 14.4 10.3 24.8<br />

1983-84 <strong>12</strong>.3 18.2 14.8 4.7 5.1 9.8 13.4 9.8 23.2<br />

1984-85 11.0 15.0 <strong>12</strong>.7 4.4 4.5 9.0 13.8 10.3 24.1<br />

vkSlr 13.1 16.5 14.6 5.0 4.9 9.9 13.4 10.4 23.9<br />

Server 3\e\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\Annexure\Annexure


vuqca/k 207<br />

lkoZtfud futh dqy lkoZtfud futh dqy lkoZtfud futh dqy<br />

lkroha ;kstuk 1985-86 9.5 <strong>12</strong>.9 11.1 4.0 4.5 8.5 13.7 11.6 25.3<br />

(1985—90) 1986-87 8.5 14.4 11.1 4.0 5.1 9.1 14.7 11.1 25.7<br />

1987-88 9.4 17.7 13.5 4.0 7.2 11.2 <strong>12</strong>.7 <strong>12</strong>.2 24.8<br />

1988-89 8.1 13.6 11.0 3.2 5.8 9.0 <strong>12</strong>.3 13.2 25.6<br />

1989-90 7.0 13.8 10.6 2.8 6.2 8.9 11.8 13.4 25.2<br />

vkSlr 8.5 14.5 11.4 3.6 5.7 9.3 13.0 <strong>12</strong>.3 25.3<br />

okf"kZd ;kstuk 1990-91 6.6 19.9 14.1 2.6 10.2 <strong>12</strong>.8 11.8 15.1 26.9<br />

(1990-91)<br />

okf"kZd ;kstuk 1991-92 6.0 15.2 10.9 2.4 6.8 9.1 11.3 <strong>12</strong>.6 23.9<br />

(1991-92)<br />

vkSlr 6.3 17.6 <strong>12</strong>.5 2.5 8.5 11.0 11.5 13.9 25.4<br />

vkBoha ;kstuk 1992-93 6.5 16.1 <strong>12</strong>.2 2.4 8.6 11.0 10.7 15.4 26.1<br />

(1992-97) 1993-94 6.7 14.9 11.2 2.5 6.7 9.1 10.4 <strong>12</strong>.6 23.1<br />

1994-95 6.3 10.9 8.9 2.5 5.6 8.1 11.1 14.2 25.3<br />

1995-96 6.7 7.8 7.4 2.5 5.5 8.1 9.7 18.2 28.0<br />

1996-97 6.8 9.9 8.8 2.2 5.7 7.9 8.5 15.1 23.6<br />

vkSlr 6.6 11.9 9.7 2.4 6.4 8.8 10.1 15.1 25.2<br />

ukSaoh ;kstuk 1997-98 5.8 8.8 7.9 1.9 6.7 8.6 8.1 18.7 26.8<br />

(1997—2002) 1998-99 5.7 9.8 8.5 1.9 7.3 9.2 8.1 18.2 26.4<br />

1999-00 5.4 <strong>12</strong>.6 10.5 2.0 11.2 13.1 8.5 20.6 29.1<br />

2000-01 5.1 <strong>12</strong>.4 10.2 1.8 10.1 11.9 7.9 18.1 26.0<br />

2001-02 6.0 14.3 11.9 2.1 <strong>12</strong>.5 14.6 7.9 19.6 27.5<br />

vkSlr 5.6 11.6 9.8 1.9 9.5 11.5 8.1 19.0 27.1<br />

nloha ;kstuk 2002-03 5.7 <strong>12</strong>.2 10.5 2.0 <strong>12</strong>.2 14.2 7.1 20.1 27.2<br />

(2002—07) 2003-04 6.3 10.0 9.0 2.2 10.1 <strong>12</strong>.4 7.2 20.6 27.8<br />

2004-05 6.7 7.8 7.5 2.9 10.6 13.5 8.1 25.9 34.0<br />

2005-06 7.1 7.4 7.3 3.4 11.2 14.6 8.7 27.7 36.4<br />

2006-07 7.1 6.5 6.6 3.7 10.9 14.6 9.1 29.2 38.3<br />

vkSlr 6.6 8.8 8.2 2.8 11.0 13.9 8.0 24.7 32.7<br />

X;kjgoha ;kstuk 2007-08 6.1 6.7 6.5 3.6 <strong>12</strong>.5 16.0 9.8 31.4 41.2<br />

(2007—<strong>12</strong>) 2008-09 5.3 9.5 8.3 3.5 16.2 19.7 10.3 26.8 37.1<br />

2009-10 5.2 8.6 7.7 3.6 16.7 20.3 10.1 28.4 38.5<br />

vkSlr ¼izFke<br />

pkj o"kZ½<br />

5.5 8.3 7.5 3.5 15.1 18.7 10.1 28.9 38.9<br />

*dqy feykdj vFkZ O;oLFkk gsrq dqy thlh,Q<br />

Server 3\e\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\Annexure\Annexure


208 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

vuqca/k % 1-5 eq[; Qlyksa ds {ks=] mRiknu vkSj iSnkokj <strong>dh</strong> vf[ky <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; vkSlr fodkl nj<br />

Qly 1990-91 ls 1999-2000 2000-01 ls 2010-11*<br />

{ks= mRiknu iSñ {ks= mRiknu iSñ<br />

pkoy 0.70 2.09 1.36 -0.39 1.32 1.47<br />

xsgwa 1.62 4.52 2.87 0.57 1.39 0.73<br />

Tokj -3.45 -0.92 1.88 -3.28 -2.00 1.56<br />

cktjk -1.83 5.43 5.58 1.41 14.61 9.27<br />

eDdk 0.85 2.24 1.37 2.68 7.<strong>12</strong> 4.13<br />

jkxh -3.42 -1.19 2.09 -1.20 4.00 3.51<br />

NksVs vukt -6.23 -6.78 -0.71 -6.59 -3.39 3.57<br />

tkS -2.74 0.61 3.15 0.14 1.76 1.46<br />

eksVs vukt -2.42 -0.08 2.03 -0.13 5.00 4.64<br />

dqy vukt -0.<strong>12</strong> 2.29 2.38 -0.09 1.82 1.69<br />

puk 0.88 3.86 2.97 4.31 6.39 1.19<br />

rwvj -0.45 1.89 2.03 2.58 1.89 -0.65<br />

dqy nqygu -1.40 0.07 1.50 1.13 4.19 2.36<br />

dqy nqygu -0.91 1.06 1.82 2.30 4.02 1.21<br />

dqy [kkn~;kUu -0.27 2.19 2.43 0.34 1.95 1.37<br />

xUuk 2.25 3.16 0.91 1.95 2.<strong>12</strong> 0.03<br />

ewaxQyh -2.25 -2.40 -0.30 -1.08 13.13 <strong>12</strong>.76<br />

fry -3.71 -3.39 1.26 2.99 9.87 5.80<br />

vkj ,oa ,e 2.28 4.82 2.96 2.76 6.26 2.72<br />

lwjteq[kh 3.06 3.20 0.76 -1.04 1.15 3.55<br />

lks;kchu 11.01 16.37 4.67 4.15 8.31 4.17<br />

dqy ukS frygu 0.75 2.53 1.76 1.27 7.00 5.18<br />

dikl 1.42 0.93 -0.54 2.66 <strong>12</strong>.<strong>12</strong> 9.15<br />

twV 2.82 3.67 0.72 -0.80 0.86 1.57<br />

esLrk -1.68 -0.29 1.35 -5.84 -5.13 0.54<br />

twV rFkk esLrk 1.80 3.<strong>12</strong> 1.16 -1.59 0.29 1.85<br />

dqy js'kk 1.37 1.44 0.15 2.13 7.13 4.99<br />

vkyw 3.73 6.60 2.44 3.13 4.15 1.<strong>12</strong><br />

lzksr—vFkZ ,oa lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong> funs'kky;] d`f"k ea=ky;<br />

Server 3\e\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\Annexure\Annexure


vuqca/k 209<br />

vuqca/k 1-6 d`f"k ,oa leoxhZ dk;Zdykiksa ds v/khu vyx&vyx lkoZtfud {ks= ds ifjO;;@O;;<br />

¼orZeku ewY;ksa ij djksM+ #i, esa½<br />

{ks= 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 10oha ;kstuk<br />

dk dqy<br />

c-vuq- la-vuq- c-vuq- la-vuq- c-vuq- la-vuq- c-vuq- la-vuq- c-vuq- la-vuq- c-vuq- la-vuq-<br />

d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx 5379 3644 5202 4514 5828 6023 7372 7065 8432 4195 32213 25441<br />

d½ eRL; ikyu 3361 2597 3726 3329 4240 3938 5624 5225 6196 40<strong>12</strong> 23147 19101<br />

[k½ ckxokuh 0 59 0 82 118 185 189 196 335 na 642 522<br />

x½ e`nk ,oa ty 1315 544 893 650 976 884 941 839 1072 21 5197 2938<br />

laj{k.k<br />

?k½ lgdkfjrk 703 443 583 453 494 1016 618 805 829 162 3227 2879<br />

Server 3\e\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\Annexure\Annexure<br />

i'kqikyu ,oa Ms;jh foHkkx 907 745 935 771 1152 1103 1536 1393 1918 682 6448 4694<br />

d½ i'kqikyu 506 371 545 457 661 643 909 821 1071 440 3692 2732<br />

[k½ Ms;jh fodkl 87 105 93 73 116 110 154 155 187 67 637 510<br />

x½ eRL;ikyu 314 269 297 241 375 350 473 417 660 175 2119 1452<br />

d`f"k] vuqla/kku ,oa 1026 939 1020 1018 <strong>12</strong>57 1163 1434 1374 1768 <strong>12</strong>87 6505 5781<br />

f'k{kk foHkkx


210 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

{ks= 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-<strong>12</strong> X;kjgoha ;kstuk<br />

dk dqy<br />

c-vuq- la-vuq- c-vuq- la-vuq- c-vuq- la-vuq- c-vuq- la-vuq- c-vuq- c-vuq- la-vuq-<br />

d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx 4802 5085 6050 5990 6316 6672 7183 9283 8<strong>12</strong>8 32479 27030<br />

d½ eRL; ikyu 4657 4922 5902 5840 6165 6545 7084 9159 7891 31699 26466<br />

[k½ ckxokuh na na na na na na na na na na na<br />

x½ e`nk ,oa ty laj{k.k 21 21 11 13 14 14 16 15 15 77 63<br />

?k½ lgdkfjrk <strong>12</strong>4 142 137 137 137 113 83 109 222 703 501<br />

i'kqikyu ,oa Ms;jh foHkkx 904 739 1000 898 1<strong>12</strong>7 934 1174 1136 1443 5648 3707<br />

d½ i'kqikyu 540 467 620 601 627 507 855 787 950 3592 2362<br />

[k½ Ms;jh fodkl 80 101 89 89 89 86 77 77 223 558 353<br />

Server 3\e\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\Annexure\Annexure<br />

x½ eRL;ikyu 284 171 291 209 411 341 242 272 270 1498 993<br />

d`f"k] vuqla/kku ,oa f'k{kk foHkkx 1458 <strong>12</strong>91 1584 1584 1584 1707 2070 2070 2492 9188 6652<br />

lzksr% fooj.k 13] O;; ctV Hkkx 1] jkT; Iykx izHkkx] ;kstuk vk;ksx


vuqca/k 211<br />

Server 3\e\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\Annexure\Annexure<br />

vuqca/k % 2-1 Hkw&mi;ksx oxhZdj.k<br />

¼{ks= gtkj djksM+ esa½<br />

[ksrh ds fy, miyC/k ugha fuEufyf[kr dks NksM+dj<br />

ijrh Hkwfe<br />

ijrh Hkwfe dqy<br />

o"kZ HkkSxksfyd d`f"k Hkwfe@ ou xSj&d`f"k xSj&d`f"k pjkbZ ds fofo/k o`{k d`f"k orZeku orZeku Qly<br />

{ks= [ksrh ;ksX; ds mi;ksx mi;ksx ds fy, Qlyksa ;ksX; ijrh ijrh ds rgr<br />

Hkwfe@d`"; ds rgr v/khu LFkkoj ,oa cuh catj Hkwfe ds Hkwfe {ks=<br />

Hkwfe@d`f"k {ks= {ks= pkjkxkg o`{kksa ds Hkwfe vykok<br />

;ksX; Hkwfe v/khu<br />

Hkwfe<br />

fuoy cks;k<br />

x;k {ks=<br />

'kkfey<br />

ugha gS<br />

vU;<br />

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)<br />

1950-51 328726 189641 40482 9357 38160 6675 19828 22943 17445 10679 131893<br />

1960-61 179689 54052 14840 35911 13966 4459 192<strong>12</strong> 11180 11639 152772<br />

1970-71 182056 63830 16478 28<strong>12</strong>8 13261 4367 17500 8728 10598 165791<br />

1980-81 185156 67460 19596 19958 11989 3578 16744 9720 14826 172630<br />

1981-82 185170 67365 19630 20092 <strong>12</strong>025 3603 16424 9658 13365 176750<br />

1982-83 184864 67330 19865 20104 11930 3545 16332 9357 14817 172748<br />

1983-84 184983 66599 20237 20337 <strong>12</strong>034 3628 15565 9271 13308 179560<br />

1984-85 185222 66391 20458 20239 <strong>12</strong>000 3569 15882 95<strong>12</strong> 15358 176330<br />

1985-86 185<strong>12</strong>7 67067 20631 20090 11783 3563 15718 10051 14894 178464<br />

1986-87 185253 66875 20879 20164 11838 3632 15548 10255 16240 176405<br />

1987-88 184898 66936 21168 201<strong>12</strong> 11723 3509 15530 10862 209<strong>12</strong> 170738<br />

1988-89 185142 66944 2<strong>12</strong>99 19916 11525 3514 15167 10247 14323 182277<br />

1989-90 185211 67406 2<strong>12</strong>58 19699 11304 3803 15102 10273 13694 182269<br />

1990-91 185177 67805 21087 19389 11404 3818 14995 9662 13703 185742<br />

1991-92 185000 67866 21465 19270 1<strong>12</strong>99 3761 14994 9941 14672 182242<br />

1992-93 184875 67981 21771 19<strong>12</strong>2 11096 3781 14589 9672 14188 185618<br />

1993-94 184734 68277 22210 18694 10966 3696 14409 9834 14376 186595<br />

1994-95 184173 68603 22556 18463 11034 3732 14262 9969 13250 188053<br />

1995-96 183623 68817 22362 19009 11064 3481 14098 10016 13831 187471<br />

1996-97 184<strong>12</strong>1 69103 22554 17964 10880 3655 14021 10192 13323 189502<br />

1997-98 183972 69245 23138 17461 10845 3730 13943 10078 14275 189988<br />

1998-99 184024 69215 23348 17524 10896 3679 13899 10106 13587 191649<br />

1999-00 183873 69164 23598 17536 10845 3725 13742 10289 15053 188396<br />

2000-01 183506 69529 23889 17590 10666 3441 13630 10293 14778 185340<br />

2001-02 183607 69406 24049 17524 10532 3450 13520 10560 15345 188286<br />

2002-03 183172 69572 24263 17802 10535 3358 13607 11885 21857 175580<br />

2003-04 183186 69654 24651 17576 10488 3379 13240 11338 14471 190077<br />

2004-05* 183007 69646 24890 17578 10456 3400 13271 10687 14481 191546<br />

2005-06* 182742 69680 25<strong>12</strong>2 17441 10448 3389 13224 10603 14065 193316<br />

2006-07* 182565 69688 25568 17397 10418 3362 13270 10510 15425 192491<br />

2007-08* 182505 69625 26017 17175 10363 3423 13066 10353 14759 195156<br />

2008-09*<br />

* vfUre<br />

182385 69635 26308 17017 10343 3402 <strong>12</strong>762 10316 14541 195104<br />

# vkU/kz izns'k] dukZVd] dsjy] e/; izns'k] egkjk"Vª] mM+hlk] jktLFkku] rfeyukMq] iañ caxky vkSj gfj;k.kk jkT;ksa esa o"kZ 2002&03 esa dqy {ks= vkSj fucy cks;s x, {ks= esa dkQh deh vkbZ<br />

gS ,slk de ls de o"kkZ ds dkj.k gqvkA


2<strong>12</strong> <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

Server 3\e\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\Annexure\Annexure<br />

vuqca/k % 2-2 Hkkjr esa mi;ksx <strong>dh</strong> tkus okyh d`f"k Hkwfe<br />

¼fefy;u gSDVs;j½<br />

Øekad oxhZdj.k 1970-71 1990-91 2003-04 2008-09<br />

I. HkkSxksfyd {ks= 328.73 328.73 328.73 328.73<br />

II. fjiksfV±x {ks= 303.75 304.86 305.56 305.69<br />

1. ou 63.83 67.81 69.65 69.63<br />

fjiksfVZM {ks= <strong>dh</strong> izfr'krrk 21.01 22.24 22.80 22.78<br />

2. [ksrh gsrq miyC/k ugha gS ¼d+[k) 44.61 40.48 42.23 43.32<br />

¼d½ d`f"k mi;ksx ds v/khu {ks= 16.48 21.09 24.65 26.31<br />

fjiksfVZM {ks= <strong>dh</strong> izfr'krrk 5.42 6.92 8.07 8.61<br />

¼[k½ catj o vd`"; Hkwfe 28.13 19.39 17.58 17.02<br />

fjiksfVZM {ks= <strong>dh</strong> izfr'krrk 9.26 6.36 5.75 5.57<br />

3. ijrh Hkwfe dks NksMdj (A+B+C) vU; vd`"; Hkwfe 35.13 30.22 27.11 26.51<br />

¼d½ LFkk;h pjkxkg vkSj vU; pjkbZ Hkwfe 13.26 11.40 10.49 10.34<br />

fjiksfVZM {ks= <strong>dh</strong> izfr'krrk 4.37 3.74 3.43 3.38<br />

¼[k½ fofo/k o`{k Qlyksa o cuh o`{k dk fucy<br />

cks;s x, {ks= esa 'kkfey ugha fd;k x;k<br />

4.37 3.82 3.38 3.40<br />

fjiksfVZM {ks= <strong>dh</strong> izfr'krrk 1.44 1.25 1.11 1.11<br />

¼x½ d`f"k ;ksX; catj Hkwfe 17.50 15.00 13.24 <strong>12</strong>.76<br />

fjiksfVZM {ks= <strong>dh</strong> izfr'krrk 5.76 4.92 4.33 4.17<br />

4. ijrh Hkwfe ¼d+[k½ 19.33 23.37 25.81 24.86<br />

¼d½ orZeku ijrh Hkefe;ksa ds ijrh Hkwfe (Current Follow) 8.73 9.66 11.34 10.32<br />

fjiksfVZM {ks= <strong>dh</strong> izfr'krrk 2.87 3.17 3.71 3.37<br />

¼[k½ orZeku ijrh Hkwfe 10.60 13.70 14.47 14.54<br />

fjiksfVZM {ks= <strong>dh</strong> izfr'krrk 3.49 4.49 4.74 4.76<br />

5. fucy cks;k x;k {ks= ¼6&7½ 140.86 143.00 140.76 141.36<br />

fjiksfVZM {ks= <strong>dh</strong> izfr'krrk 46.37 46.91 46.07 46.24<br />

6. dqy Qlfyr {ks= ¼ldy Qlfyr {ks=½ 165.79 185.74 190.08 195.10<br />

7. ,d ckj ls vf/kd cks;k x;k {ks= 24.93 42.74 49.32 53.74<br />

8. Qly xgurk 117.70 <strong>12</strong>9.89 135.04 138.01<br />

III. fucy flafpr {ks= 31.10 48.02 56.96 63.20<br />

IV. ldy flafpr {ks= 38.20 63.20 78.15 88.42<br />

P vaufre<br />

* Qly xgurk fucy cks;s x, {ks= ds ldy Qlfyr {ks= <strong>dh</strong> izfr'krrk gSA<br />

lzksr% vFkZ ,oa lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong> funs'kky;] d`f"k ea=ky;


vuqca/k 213<br />

vuqca/k % 3-1 mojZdksa ds laca/k esa iks"kdrRoksa <strong>dh</strong> vf[ky <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; [kir ¼,u-] ih- rFkk ds½<br />

o"kZ ,uñ ihñ dsñ dqy<br />

1 2 3 4 5<br />

1950-51 58.7 6.9 - 65.6<br />

1955-56 107.5 13.0 10.3 130.8<br />

1960-61 210.0 53.1 29.0 292.1<br />

1965-66 574.8 132.5 77.3 784.6<br />

1970-71 1487.0 462.0 228.0 2177.0<br />

1975-76 2148.6 466.8 278.3 2893.7<br />

1980-81 3678.1 <strong>12</strong>13.6 623.9 5515.6<br />

1985-86 5660.8 2005.2 808.1 8474.1<br />

1986-87 5716.0 2078.9 850.0 8644.9<br />

1987-88 5716.8 2187.0 880.5 8784.3<br />

1988-89 7251.0 2720.7 1068.3 11040.0<br />

1989-90 7386.0 3014.2 1168.0 11568.2<br />

1990-91 7997.2 3221.0 1328.0 <strong>12</strong>546.2<br />

1991-92 8046.3 3321.2 1360.5 <strong>12</strong>728.0<br />

1992-93 8426.8 2843.8 883.9 <strong>12</strong>154.5<br />

1993-94 8788.3 2669.3 908.4 <strong>12</strong>366.0<br />

1994-95 9507.1 2931.7 1<strong>12</strong>4.7 13563.5<br />

1995-96 9822.8 2897.5 1155.8 13876.1<br />

1996-97 10301.8 2976.8 1029.6 14308.1<br />

1997-98 10901.8 3913.6 1372.5 16187.9<br />

1998-99 11353.8 41<strong>12</strong>.2 1331.5 16797.5<br />

1999-00 11592.7 4798.3 1678.7 18069.7<br />

2000-01 10920.2 4214.6 1567.5 16702.3<br />

2001-02 11310.2 4382.4 1667.1 17359.7<br />

2002.03 10474.1 4018.8 1601.2 16094.1<br />

2003-04 11077.0 4<strong>12</strong>4.3 1597.9 16799.1<br />

2004-05 11713.9 4623.8 2060.6 18398.3<br />

2005-06 <strong>12</strong>723.3 5203.7 2413.3 20340.3<br />

2006-07 13772.9 5543.3 2334.8 21651.0<br />

2007-08 14419.1 5514.7 2636.3 22570.1<br />

2008-09 15090.5 6506.2 33<strong>12</strong>.6 24909.3<br />

2009-10<br />

uksV% 1982&83 rd ds vkadM+s Qjojh&tuojh vkSj vkxs vizSy&ekpZ rd<br />

lzksr% d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx<br />

15580.0 7274.0 3632.40 26486.4<br />

Server 3\e\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\Annexure\Annexure<br />

¼gtkj Vu½


214 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

Server 3\e\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\Annexure\Annexure<br />

vuqca/k % 3-2 p;fur ns'kksa esa d`f"k Hkwfe esa izfr gSDVs;j moZjdksa dk miHkksx<br />

¼fdñxzkñ@gSDVs;j½<br />

ns'k 2007 2008<br />

,u ih2 vks5 ds2 vks dqy ,u ih2 vks5 ds2 vks dqy<br />

1<br />

vQz hdk<br />

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9<br />

felz 316.6 47.9 14.7 379.1 321.6 50.9 15.5 388.1<br />

eksjDdks 7.7 4.9 1.8 14.4 8.7 5.9 - 14.5<br />

nf{k.k vQz hdk<br />

mÙkjh ,oa e/; vesfjdk<br />

4.4 1.9 1.4 7.7 4.3 1.9 1.2 7.3<br />

dukMk 28 9.9 5.4 43.2 26.9 8.5 2.6 38<br />

eSfDldks 10.9 3.5 2.8 17.2 10.7 2.8 2.4 15.9<br />

la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk<br />

nf{k.k vesfjdk<br />

27.9 9.3 10.3 47.5 26.5 7.5 6.2 40.1<br />

czkthy 10.4 13.8 15.8 40 9.5 <strong>12</strong>.1 13.9 35.5<br />

fpyh<br />

,f'k;k<br />

17 9.7 7.1 33.7 16.3 6.8 6.4 29.4<br />

ckaXykns'k 142.9 25.3 18.3 186.4 <strong>12</strong>6.2 8.6 5.4 140.2<br />

phu 63.4 22.1 <strong>12</strong>.4 97.9 63.6 20.1 9 92.7<br />

Hkkjr 80.2 30.7 14.7 <strong>12</strong>5.6 84 36.2 18.4 138.6<br />

baMksusf'k;k 54.1 11.3 19.4 84.8 56.6 11 17.7 85.3<br />

tkiku 95.5 95.6 74.6 265.7 90.8 75.6 54 220.4<br />

dksfj;k x.kra= 176.9 70.2 93.6 340.7 167.1 49.9 55.4 272.4<br />

eysf'k;k 72.1 32.5 134 238.7 67.6 22.5 114.8 204.8<br />

usiky 1.2 1.2 0.5 2.9 1.9 1.9 0.2 4<br />

ikfdLrku 108.8 23.4 1 133.3 115.8 24 1 140.8<br />

Jhyadk 57.7 21.3 30.5 109.6 62.7 18.9 26.5 108.1<br />

FkkbZySaM 52.8 16.9 17.4 87.1 47.5 15.1 18.6 81.1<br />

rq<strong>dh</strong>Z 34.3 13.1 2.8 50.2 29 8.4 2.3 39.6<br />

fo;ruke<br />

;wjksi<br />

111.9 63.3 43 218.2 96.9 60.9 37.6 195.5<br />

csyk:l 50.1 21.4 63.6 135.2 58.8 20.3 67.8 146.9<br />

MsuekdZ 83.5 11.3 27 <strong>12</strong>1.8 71.2 5.2 13.9 90.3<br />

Qz kal 81.7 21.5 27 130.1 71.8 10.1 13.4 95.2<br />

teZuh 106.6 18.7 30.2 155.4 91.6 10.3 10.6 1<strong>12</strong>.5<br />

uhnjySaM 140 23.5 23 186.5 <strong>12</strong>8 17.1 18.7 163.8<br />

iksySaM 70.6 28.6 33.2 132.3 65 25.4 25.4 115.8<br />

jf'k;u x.kra= 5.4 2.2 1.4 8.9 6.6 2.4 1.5 10.5<br />

Lisu 34.9 18.8 15.4 69.1 26.2 5.7 6.7 38.6<br />

fczVsu 58.7 <strong>12</strong>.2 18.4 89.3 51.9 7.5 11.7 71.1<br />

mØsu<br />

vksf'kfu;k<br />

14.5 3.4 3.6 21.5 19.4 3.6 3.8 26.8<br />

vkLVªsfy;k 2 2.3 0.5 4.8 2 2 0.5 4.5<br />

U;wthySaM 28.6 33.4 10.7 72.7 24.6 20.5 8.6 53.7<br />

fo'o 20.6 7.9 5.9 34.5 20.2 7 4.7 31.9


vuqca/k% 3-3 Hkkjr esa cht] moZjdksa] <strong>dh</strong>Vuk'kdksa dk mRiknu vkSj [kir<br />

dk;ZØe bdkbZ 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99<br />

1. cht<br />

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10<br />

(i) iztud chtksa dk gtkj Vu 34.90 36.00 37.00 40.11 43.36 46.03 46.13 38.99<br />

mRiknu<br />

(ii) vk/kkjh chtksa dk yk[k Vu 3.75 3.93 4.06 4.73 4.76 5.76 6.84 6.75<br />

mRiknu<br />

(iii) izekf.kr@xq.koÙkk yk[k Vu 57.50 60.33 62.20 65.86 69.90 73.27 78.79 84.97<br />

chtksa dk forj.k<br />

2. jlk;u moZjdkssa dk miHkksx<br />

ukbVªkstu ¼,u½ yk[k Vu 80.46 84.26 87.88 95.07 98.23 103.02 109.02 113.54<br />

QkLQSfVd ¼ihñ½ yk[k Vu 33.21 28.43 26.69 29.32 28.98 29.77 39.14 41.<strong>12</strong><br />

iksVkf'k;e ¼d½ yk[k Vu 13.61 8.84 9.09 11.25 11.56 10.29 13.72 13.32<br />

dqy ¼,u+ih+ds½ yk[k Vu <strong>12</strong>7.28 <strong>12</strong>1.53 <strong>12</strong>3.66 135.64 138.77 143.08 161.88 167.68<br />

izfr gSDVj * fdyksxzke 69.84 65.48 66.27 72.13 74.02 75.47 84.94 87.02<br />

3. <strong>dh</strong>Vuk'kdksa dk miHkksx<br />

¼rduh<strong>dh</strong> xzsM lkexzh½ gtkj Vu 72.13 70.79 63.65 61.36 61.26 56.11 52.24 49.1<br />

4. doj fd;k x;k {ks= e`nk laj{k.k<br />

ds v/khu fd;k x;k {ks= yk[k gSDVj - - - - - - - -<br />

¼lap;h<br />

vuqca/k 215


dk;ZØe bdkbZ 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11<br />

1 2 11 <strong>12</strong> 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22<br />

1. cht<br />

(i) iztud cht dk<br />

mRiknu gtkj Vu 51.13 42.69 45.54 48.42 61.82 66.46 68.64 73.83 91.96 94.41 105.00 119.21<br />

(ii) vk/kkjh chtksa dk yk[k Vu 4.66 5.91 5.44 6.14 6.50 6.90 7.40 7.96 8.22 9.69 10.50 17.53<br />

mRiknu<br />

(iii) izekf.kr xq.koÙkk yk[k Vu 87.98 86.27 91.80 98.03 108.59 <strong>12</strong>0.26 <strong>12</strong>6.75 155.01 179.05 215.81 257.11 277.34<br />

chtksa dk forj.k<br />

2. jlk;fud moZjdksa <strong>dh</strong><br />

[kir<br />

ukbVªkstu (,u) yk[k Vu 115.92 109.20 113.10 104.74 110.77 117.13 <strong>12</strong>7.23 137.73 144.19 150.91 155.8 165.58<br />

QkLQfVd (ih) yk[k Vu 47.99 42.15 43.82 40.19 41.24 46.24 52.04 55.43 55.15 65.06 72.74 80.5<br />

iksVkf'k;e (ds) yk[k Vu 16.78 15.67 16.67 16.01 15.98 20.61 24.13 23.35 26.36 33.<strong>12</strong> 36.32 35.14<br />

dqy (,u+ih+ds) yk[k Vu 180.69 167.02 173.60 160.94 167.99 183.98 203.40 216.51 225.70 249.09 264.86 281.22<br />

izfr gSDVs;j ** fdyksxzke 94.94 89.63 91.13 91.45 88.05 94.52 105.50 111.76 115.27 <strong>12</strong>7.21 135.27 144.14<br />

3. <strong>dh</strong>Vuk'kdksa <strong>dh</strong> [kir<br />

(rduh<strong>dh</strong> xzsM gtkj Vu 46.20 43.58 47.02 48.30 41.00 40.67 39.77 41.51 43.63 43.86 41.82 55.54<br />

lkexzh)<br />

4. e`nk laj{k.k ds rgr {ks=<br />

(lap;h) yk[k gSDVs;j - 4.36 4.70 4.30 5.55 7.37 8.67 11.41 7.34 6.82 5.28 7.49<br />

vñ &vuqekfur<br />

lzksr:- 1) d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx] ubZ fnYyh<br />

2) jkT;ksa@lañ'kkñ {ks=ksa dk vkapfyd lEesyu] [kjhQ rFkk jch<br />

216 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong>


vuqca/k% 3-4 moZjdksa <strong>dh</strong> jkT;okj [kir<br />

Øekad jkT;@la?k 'kkflr {ks= 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10<br />

¼yk[k Vu½<br />

,u ih ds dqy ,u ih ds dqy ,u ih ds dqy<br />

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 <strong>12</strong> 13 14<br />

nf{k.kh {ks=<br />

1 vkU/kz izns'k 1560.37 695.02 4<strong>12</strong>.19 2667.58 1720.84 852.20 497.84 3070.88 1707.<strong>12</strong> 875.87 478.38 3061.37<br />

2 dukZVd 790.28 386.78 330.32 1507.38 864.10 558.83 408.90 1831.83 962.90 629.85 465.73 2058.48<br />

3 dsjy 93.26 42.73 72.31 208.30 111.74 55.02 94.15 260.91 1<strong>12</strong>.75 58.18 93.96 264.89<br />

4 rfeyukMq 543.34 228.<strong>12</strong> 304.19 1075.65 646.68 254.99 363.55 <strong>12</strong>65.22 608.54 263.70 324.61 1196.85<br />

5 iqM~Mqpsjh 20.04 8.57 8.56 37.17 16.06 5.67 6.21 27.94 19.37 5.04 6.35 30.76<br />

6 vaMeku o fudksckj 0.39 0.36 0.<strong>12</strong> 0.87 0.28 0.18 0.14 0.60 0.31 0.27 0.13 0.71<br />

7 y{k}hi 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00<br />

mi&;ksx (nf{k.kh {ks=)<br />

if'peh {ks=<br />

3007.68 1361.58 1<strong>12</strong>7.69 5496.95 3359.70 1726.89 1370.79 6457.38 3410.99 1832.91 1369.16 6613.06<br />

8 xqtjkr 1052.63 424.52 146.11 1623.26 1068.82 465.17 182.99 1716.98 1101.60 491.66 206.46 1799.72<br />

9 e/; izns'k 795.69 430.26 75.75 1301.70 803.41 530.03 89.96 1423.40 941.82 605.63 113.72 1661.17<br />

10 NÙkhlx


Øekad jkT;@la?k 'kkflr {ks= 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10<br />

,u ih ds dqy ,u ih ds dqy ,u ih ds dqy<br />

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 <strong>12</strong> 13 14<br />

19 mÙkjk[kaM 115.44 24.75 10.29 150.48 110.52 29.78 <strong>12</strong>.53 152.83 115.40 29.65 10.26 155.31<br />

20 fgekpy izns'k 32.34 8.91 8.71 49.96 35.46 10.71 11.20 57.37 31.32 10.90 11.02 53.24<br />

21 tEew o d'ehj 56.33 17.16 4.75 78.24 68.78 27.87 8.45 105.10 74.50 24.18 <strong>12</strong>.99 111.67<br />

22 fnYyh 0.30 0.08 0.01 0.39 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.64 1.86 0.36 0.13 2.35<br />

23 paMhxkj[kaM 89.41 45.83 9.76 145.00 88.59 45.95 <strong>12</strong>.73 147.27 94.03 53.84 19.48 167.35<br />

26 mM+hlk 272.10 116.76 63.03 451.89 297.77 147.93 89.17 534.87 292.29 148.59 78.46 519.34<br />

27 if'peh caxky 684.54 385.76 304.44 1374.74 698.24 415.42 405.65 1519.31 730.69 467.34 446.53 1644.56<br />

mi&;ksx (iwohZ {ks=)<br />

iwoksZÙkj {ks=<br />

1975.68 739.94 461.65 3177.27 2023.06 862.31 673.10 3558.47 2011.44 917.21 7<strong>12</strong>.46 3641.11<br />

28 vle 103.35 54.61 55.98 213.94 115.21 48.24 57.16 220.61 <strong>12</strong>7.25 48.75 66.27 242.27<br />

29 f=iqjk 7.54 2.60 2.19 <strong>12</strong>.33 7.54 3.55 2.78 13.87 8.10 3.03 3.07 14.20<br />

30 ef.kiqj 14.35 3.36 1.30 19.01 9.44 1.95 1.48 <strong>12</strong>.87 10.67 1.01 0.36 <strong>12</strong>.04<br />

31 es?kky; 2.54 1.21 0.33 4.08 2.60 0.69 0.40 3.69 2.50 0.83 0.35 3.68<br />

32 ukxky®M 0.47 0.25 0.<strong>12</strong> 0.84 0.47 0.32 0.<strong>12</strong> 0.91 0.47 0.31 0.16 0.94<br />

33 v:.kkpy izns'k 0.45 0.19 0.09 0.73 0.51 0.21 0.09 0.81 0.51 0.22 0.09 0.82<br />

34 fetksje 1.91 1.06 0.90 3.87 2.11 1.19 1.05 4.35 2.00 2.41 1.06 5.47<br />

35 flfDde 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00<br />

mi&;ksx (iwoksZÙkj {ks=) 130.61 63.28 60.91 254.80 137.88 56.15 63.08 257.11 151.50 56.56 71.36 279.42<br />

vf[ky Hkkjr 14419.<strong>12</strong> 5514.74 2636.27 22570.13 15090.53 6506.24 33<strong>12</strong>.57 24909.34 15580.00 7274.04 3632.40 26486.44<br />

lzksr% d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx] vkbZ,u,e] izHkkx<br />

in lakh tonnes<br />

218 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong>


vuqca/k% 3-5 moZjdksa <strong>dh</strong> izfr gSDVs;j jkT;okj vuqekfur [kir<br />

(fdyksxzke@gSDVs;j )<br />

Øekad jkT;@la?k 'kkñ {ks= 2007-08<br />

2008-09 2009-10<br />

,u ih ds dqy ,u ih ds dqy ,u ih ds dqy<br />

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 <strong>12</strong> 13 14<br />

nf{k.kh {ks=<br />

1 vkU/kz izns'k 115.01 51.23 30.38 196.62 <strong>12</strong>6.84 62.81 36.69 226.35 <strong>12</strong>5.83 64.56 35.26 225.65<br />

2 dukZVd 61.3 30 25.62 116.92 67.02 43.34 31.71 142.08 74.58 48.85 36.<strong>12</strong> 159.55<br />

3 dsjy 33.78 15.48 28.19 75.44 40.47 19.93 34.1 94.5 40.84 21.07 34.03 95.94<br />

4 rfeyukMq 93.44 39.23 52.31 184.98 111.21 43.85 62.52 217.58 104.65 45.35 55.82 205.82<br />

5 iqM~Mqpsjh 572.57 244.86 244.57 1062 458.86 162 177.43 798.29 553.43 144 181.43 878.86<br />

6 vaMeku o fudksckj 27.86 25.71 8.57 62.14 20 <strong>12</strong>.86 10 42.86 22.14 19.29 9.29 50.71<br />

7 y{k}hi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0<br />

vkSlr (nf{k.kh {ks=)<br />

if'peh {ks=<br />

85.72 38.8 32.14 156.66 95.75 49.22 39.07 184.03 97.21 52.24 39.02 188.47<br />

8 xqtjkr 86.11 34.73 11.95 132.79 87.44 38.05 14.97 140.46 90.<strong>12</strong> 40.22 16.89 147.23<br />

9 e/; izns'k 38.97 21.07 3.71 63.76 39.35 25.96 4.41 69.72 46.13 29.66 5.57 81.37<br />

10 NÙkhlx


vuqca/k% 3-6 izekf.kr@xq.koÙkkijd chtksa dk Qlyokj forj.k<br />

(yk[k fDoaVy esa)<br />

Qlysa 1983-84 1984-85 1985-86 1986-87 1987-88 1991-92 1992-93 1993-94 1994-95 1995-96 1996-97<br />

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 <strong>12</strong><br />

vukt<br />

xsgwa 10.94 <strong>12</strong>.09 14.60 13.24 18.96 14.04 15.15 18.23 20.21 22.41 23.22<br />

/kku 8.86 8.49 10.41 15.<strong>12</strong> 10.85 14.47 14.28 13.58 14.63 15.37 16.57<br />

eDdk 1.44 1.51 1.75 1.88 1.04 1.50 1.50 1.35 1.35 1.55 1.88<br />

Tokj 2.59 2.21 2.83 3.14 3.28 3.46 3.91 3.69 3.25 2.73 2.73<br />

cktjk 1.65 1.59 1.58 1.58 1.09 1.68 1.69 1.68 1.61 1.66 1.71<br />

jkxh 0.<strong>12</strong> 0.18 0.11 0.26 0.18 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.24 0.23 0.19<br />

tkS 0.07 0.04 0.09 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.13<br />

mi&;ksx (vukt) 25.67 26.11 31.37 35.27 35.44 35.35 36.72 38.74 41.35 44.03 46.43<br />

nkysa<br />

puk 0.85 0.66 0.87 1.49 1.40 1.03 1.02 1.11 1.14 1.22 1.44<br />

elwj 0.06 0.18 0.23 0.21 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.08<br />

eVj 0.19 0.23 0.28 0.27 0.28 0.31 0.27 0.23 0.27 0.27 0.25<br />

mM+n 0.38 0.32 0.35 0.48 0.57 0.65 0.79 0.79 0.75 0.69 1.07<br />

ewax 0.39 0.35 0.32 0.49 0.71 0.62 0.63 0.77 0.68 0.63 0.65<br />

vjgj 0.14 0.26 0.19 0.27 0.29 0.49 0.48 0.49 0.56 0.57 0.58<br />

yksfc;k 0.08 0.09 0.06 0.10 - 0.08 0.09 - 0.15 0.15 0.<strong>12</strong><br />

vU; - - 0.02 0.08 0.13 0.03 0.05 0.15 - - -<br />

mi&;ksx (nygu) 2.09 2.09 2.32 3.39 3.46 3.29 3.40 3.62 3.60 3.58 4.19<br />

frygu<br />

ewaxQyh 5.16 4.67 3.37 4.55 4.72 6.72 7.00 6.73 7.01 6.85 7.27<br />

jsilhM vkSj ljlksa 0.29 0.49 0.48 0.45 0.45 0.77 0.75 0.79 0.75 0.86 1.02<br />

fry 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.08 0.09 0.14 0.<strong>12</strong> 0.11 0.10<br />

lwjteq[kh 0.25 0.28 0.28 0.25 0.27 0.55 0.63 0.73 0.68 0.82 0.58<br />

lks;kchu 0.60 0.09 0.81 0.78 0.74 1.23 1.91 2.57 2.98 3.57 3.08<br />

vYlh 0.01 0.01 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02<br />

vj.M cht 0.10 0.09 0.18 0.15 0.07 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.26 0.30<br />

dqlqe 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.24 0.08 0.13 0.19 0.23 0.15 0.16<br />

vU; 0.01 0.01 - 0.01 0.01 -<br />

mi&;ksx (frygu) 6.49 6.53 6.29 6.29 6.54 9.66 10.75 11.38 <strong>12</strong>.01 <strong>12</strong>.64 <strong>12</strong>.53<br />

js'kk<br />

dikl 1.78 1.19 2.08 1.50 1.34 1.77 1.87 1.81 1.96 2.34 2.93<br />

twV 0.<strong>12</strong> 0.22 0.27 0.22 0.20 0.26 0.22 0.20 0.24 0.24 0.25<br />

esLrk@vU; 0.01 - - - -<br />

mi&;ksx (jss'kk) 1.91 1.41 2.35 1.72 1.54 2.03 2.09 2.01 2.20 2.58 3.18<br />

vU; fofo/k<br />

vkyw 8.74* <strong>12</strong>.25* 13.22* 9.06* 9.16* 6.90 7.10 6.17 6.62 6.85 6.69<br />

vU; 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.16 0.16 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.08 0.24 0.25<br />

mi&;ksx (vU; fofo/k) 8.81 <strong>12</strong>.32 13.29 9.22 9.32 7.17 7.37 6.45 6.70 7.09 6.94<br />

dqy ;ksx 44.97 48.46 55.01 55.83 56.30 57.50 60.33 62.20 65.86 69.92 73.27<br />

220 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong>


1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11<br />

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26<br />

24.42 26.14 29.52 27.04 32.59 33.00 35.97 41.31 44.21 54.55 63.25 74.83 90.66 97.83<br />

20.22 24.05 23.71 24.41 25.58 25.79 26.51 30.98 32.41 43.51 48.93 58.18 60.95 69.34<br />

2.36 2.26 2.72 3.11 2.75 3.42 3.38 4.13 4.64 5.74 5.80 7.94 7.74 8.94<br />

2.83 2.57 2.67 2.39 2.20 2.15 2.37 2.31 2.28 2.32 2.38 2.41 2.24 2.16<br />

1.63 1.87 2.00 1.94 1.80 1.79 1.76 1.76 2.17 2.16 1.90 2.20 1.74 2.31<br />

0.19 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.14 0.24 0.21 0.25 0.22 0.21 0.27 0.25 0.05 0.26<br />

0.13 0.19 0.32 0.39 0.50 0.58 0.62 0.67 0.80 1.08 1.27 1.62 1.77 1.79<br />

51.78 57.27 61.14 59.47 65.56 66.97 70.82 81.41 86.73 109.87 <strong>12</strong>3.80 147.43 165.15 182.62<br />

1.06 1.10 1.19 1.09 1.53 2.64 3.90 3.62 3.45 5.08 6.73 8.6 <strong>12</strong>.32 <strong>12</strong>.50<br />

0.11 0.13 0.07 0.13 0.29 0.26 0.35 0.52 0.45 0.54 0.56 0.59 0.55 0.74<br />

0.30 0.25 0.29 0.26 0.31 0.37 0.60 0.61 0.82 0.93 1.10 1.29 2.07 1.47<br />

0.96 1.02 0.86 0.88 0.97 1.43 1.32 1.01 0.92 0.8 1.40 1.37 1.61 1.96<br />

0.69 0.86 0.80 0.78 0.83 0.81 1.21 0.76 0.77 0.23 1.34 1.23 1.29 1.76<br />

0.59 0.64 0.56 0.58 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.72 0.77 0.85 1.18 1.09 1.37 1.52<br />

- - 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.33 0.05 0.08 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.16 0.20 0.33<br />

0.18 0.06 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.<strong>12</strong> 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.11 0.16 0.15 0.28 0.56<br />

3.89 4.06 3.87 3.85 4.69 6.60 8.17 7.40 7.37 9.63 <strong>12</strong>.57 14.48 19.69 20.83<br />

6.81 6.20 6.46 5.40 5.25 5.42 7.00 7.18 6.96 9.89 14.43 15.90 18.86 21.79<br />

1.05 1.13 0.94 0.69 0.86 0.82 0.91 1.31 1.24 1.36 1.71 1.63 2.09 2.07<br />

0.15 0.<strong>12</strong> 0.19 0.10 0.16 0.13 0.14 0.<strong>12</strong> 0.14 0.16 0.22 0.18 0.18 0.20<br />

0.75 0.62 0.51 0.42 0.48 0.61 0.56 0.80 0.90 0.89 0.92 0.80 0.76 0.55<br />

3.68 5.41 4.45 5.46 4.99 6.88 10.20 13.36 14.29 14.05 16.52 20.89 28.44 25.55<br />

0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.04<br />

0.25 0.29 0.30 0.39 0.26 0.37 0.39 0.41 0.50 0.36 0.42 0.42 0.29 0.31<br />

0.16 0.05 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.07 0.08<br />

0.01 - 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.14 0.15 0.23 0.20 0.01 0.01 0.01<br />

<strong>12</strong>.87 13.83 <strong>12</strong>.98 <strong>12</strong>.54 <strong>12</strong>.10 13.36 19.39 23.42 24.35 27.00 34.33 39.92 50.71 50.61<br />

2.87 2.61 2.66 2.61 2.62 2.31 2.45 2.56 2.69 2.45 1.89 2.27 2.36 2.33<br />

0.34 0.31 0.26 0.27 0.21 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.26 0.24 0.28 0.27 0.27<br />

0.01 0.03 0.06 0.24 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.34 0.50 0.03 0.02 0.04<br />

3.21 2.92 2.93 2.91 2.89 2.74 2.78 2.76 2.89 3.05 2.63 2.58 2.65 2.64<br />

6.83 6.86 6.89 7.23 6.33 7.16 7.01 5.05 5.08 5.<strong>12</strong> 5.35 10.55 18.68 20.08<br />

0.21 0.03 0.17 0.27 0.23 0.21 0.23 0.22 0.33 0.34 0.37 0.85 0.23 0.55<br />

7.04 6.89 7.06 7.50 6.56 7.37 7.24 5.27 5.41 5.46 5.72 11.40 18.91 20.63<br />

78.79 84.97 87.98 86.27 91.80 97.04 108.40 <strong>12</strong>0.26 <strong>12</strong>6.75 155.01 179.05 215.81 257.11 277.34<br />

uksV% 1988&89 ls 1990&91 ds vkadMs+ miyCè ugha<br />

lzksr% d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx] cht izHkkx<br />

* vuqekfur<br />

vuqca/k 221


2008-09 107776 527564 20.43<br />

lzks=% dsUnzh; fo|qr izkf/kdj.k] ubZ fnYyh<br />

2007-08 104182 501977 20.75<br />

2006-07 99023 455748 21.73<br />

2005-06 90292 411887 21.92<br />

2004-05 88555 386134 22.93<br />

2003-04 87089 360937 24.13<br />

2002-03 84486 339598 24.88<br />

2001-02 81673 322459 25.33<br />

2000-01 84729 316600 26.76<br />

1999-00 90934 3<strong>12</strong>841 29.07<br />

1998-99 97195 309734 31.38<br />

1997-98 9<strong>12</strong>42 296749 30.75<br />

1996-97 84019 280206 29.98<br />

1995-96 85732 277029 30.95<br />

1994-95 79301 259630 30.54<br />

1993-94 70699 238569 29.63<br />

1992-93 63328 220674 28.70<br />

1991-92 58557 207645 28.20<br />

1990-91 50321 190357 26.44<br />

1989-90 44056 175419 25.11<br />

1988-89 38878 160196 24.27<br />

1987-88 35267 145613 24.22<br />

1986-87 29444 135952 21.66<br />

1985-86 23422 <strong>12</strong>2999 19.04<br />

1984-85 20960 114068 18.38<br />

1983-84 18234 102344 17.82<br />

1982-83 17817 95589 18.64<br />

1 2 3 4<br />

o"kZ d`f"k ds mís';ksa dqy [kir dqy [kir esa<br />

ds fy, fo|qr ¼th-MCY;w-,p-½ d`f"k ds fy,<br />

<strong>dh</strong> [kir [kir dk<br />

¼th-MCY;w-,p-½ fgLlk<br />

vuqca/k % 3-7 d`f"k ds mís';ksa ds fy, fo|qr <strong>dh</strong> [kir<br />

222 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong>


thñMCY;wñ,pñ xhxk okV vkoj<br />

lzks=% dsUnzh; fo|qr izkf/kdj.k] ubZ fnYyh<br />

(vf[ky Hkkjr) 107776.09 527563.97 20.43<br />

1 2 3 4 5<br />

mÙkj gfj;k.kk 7365.4 19291.41 38.18<br />

fgekpy izns'k 28.74 5460.51 0.53<br />

tEew o d'ehj 271.42 4030.85 6.73<br />

iatkc 9325.42 29224.63 31.91<br />

jktLFkku 9790.86 26641.57 36.75<br />

mÙkj izns'k 6860.36 39636.82 17.31<br />

mÙkjk[kaM 300.2 4736.11 6.34<br />

paMhx


dqy 42457419 <strong>12</strong>8185.20 16252610 39054.57 49<strong>12</strong>5667 108109.15 107835696 275348.92<br />

lzksr% d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx] _.k foHkkx<br />

lg c®d ds (1998-99) ds fooj.k miyCè ugha 188005 266.04 188005 266.04<br />

36 vU; jkT; 47 0.<strong>12</strong> 47 0.<strong>12</strong><br />

35 mÙkjkapy 359689 600.11 58607 152.86 371927 1039.<strong>12</strong> 790223 1792.09<br />

34 NÙkhlxkj[kaM 278892 544.33 474051 279.27 621549 503.01 1374492 1326.61<br />

32 ikafMpsjh 7691 34.15 133 70930 94.01 78754 <strong>12</strong>8.16<br />

31 y{k}hi 775 1.81 775 1.81<br />

30 nknjk uxj gosyh 3323 5.44 3323 5.44<br />

29 ubZ fnYyh 2279 8.77 25521 79.63 27800 88.40<br />

28 neu ,oa nho 1781 3.02 1781 3.02<br />

27 paMhx


vuqca/k% 3-10 d`f"k {ks= ds fy, lkaLFkkfud _.k ds izokg (djksM+ #i, esa)<br />

fooj.k@,tsalh 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-<strong>12</strong>*<br />

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 <strong>12</strong> 13 14 15<br />

I. mRiknu ¼,lVh½ _.k<br />

lgdkjh c®d <strong>12</strong>514 14771 16528 18787 19668 22640 27157 34930 38622 40515 40230 56946 64527 47497<br />

{ks=h; xzkeh.k c®sd 1710 2423 3245 3777 4775 6088 10010 <strong>12</strong>7<strong>12</strong> 16631 20715 22413 29802 37808 24976<br />

okf.kfT;d c®sd 9622 11697 13486 17904 21104 26192 36793 57640 83202 <strong>12</strong>2289 147818 189908 216773 109049<br />

vU; ,tsafl;ka 59 74 55 41 39 57 104 68 0 0 0 0 0 0<br />

mi;ksx (d)<br />

II. ,eVh@,yVh dqy<br />

23905 28965 33314 40509 45586 54977 74064 105350 138455 183519 210461 276656 319108 181522<br />

lgdkjh c®d 3356 3489 4190 4737 3968 4235 4074 4474 3858 3169 5962 6551 5578 2335<br />

{ks=h; xzkeh.k c®sd 750 749 974 1077 <strong>12</strong>95 1493 2394 2511 3804 4099 4352 5415 6160 2484<br />

okf.kfT;d c®sd 8821 13036 14321 15683 18670 26249 44688 67837 83283 58798 81133 95892 115933 37039<br />

vU; ,tsafl;ka 30 29 28 39 41 27 89 314 0 0 0 0 0 0<br />

mi;ksx ([k) <strong>12</strong>957 17303 19513 21536 23974 32004 5<strong>12</strong>45 75136 90945 66066 91447 107858 <strong>12</strong>7671 41858<br />

,lVh+,eVh/,yVh _.k<br />

lgdkjh c®d 15870 18260 20718 23524 23636 26875 3<strong>12</strong>31 39403 42480 48258 46192 63497 70105 49832<br />

{ks=h; xzkeh.k c®sd 2460 3172 4219 4854 6070 7581 <strong>12</strong>404 15223 20435 253<strong>12</strong> 26765 35217 43968 27460<br />

okf.kfT;d c®sd 18443 24733 27807 33587 39774 52441 81481 <strong>12</strong>5477 166485 181088 228951 285800 332706 146088<br />

vU; ,tsafl;ka 87 103 83 80 80 84 193 382 0 0 0 0 0 0<br />

dqy ;ksx (d+[k) 36860 46268 52827 62045 69560 86981 <strong>12</strong>5309 180485 229400 254658 301908 384514 446779 223380<br />

* flrEcj, 2011 rd<br />

lzksr: d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx] _.k izHkkxA<br />

vuqca/k 225


vuqca/k% 3-11 jk"Vªh; d`f"k chek ;kstuk ¼,u,vkbZ,l½<br />

Øekad ekSle doj fd, x, {ks= (gSñ) yk[k #i, esa ykHk<br />

fdlkuksa <strong>dh</strong> la[;k chfer jkf'k izhfe;e jkt lwfpr fuiVk, Hkqxrku izkIr fdlkuksa<br />

lgk;rk nkos x, nkos ;ksX; nkos <strong>dh</strong> la[;k<br />

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11<br />

1 jch 1999-00 579940 780569.36 35640.71 542.48 165.70 769.26 769.26 0.00 55288<br />

2 [kjhQ 2000 8409374 13219828.68 690338.38 20673.55 4739.92 <strong>12</strong>2248.15 <strong>12</strong>2248.15 0.00 3635252<br />

3 jch 2000-01 2091733 3111423.25 160268.46 2778.76 823.53 5948.63 5948.63 0.00 526697<br />

dqy 2000-01 10501107 1633<strong>12</strong>51.93 850606.84 23452.31 5563.45 <strong>12</strong>8196.78 <strong>12</strong>8196.78 0.00 4161949<br />

4 [kjhQ 2001 8696587 <strong>12</strong>887710.38 750246.11 26161.82 4762.14 49353.55 49353.55 0.00 1741873<br />

5 jch 2001-02 1955431 3145872.65 149751.11 3014.79 777.79 6465.80 6465.80 0.00 453325<br />

dqy 2001-02 10652018 16033583.03 899997.22 29176.61 5539.93 55819.35 55819.35 0.00 2195198<br />

6 [kjhQ 2002 9768711 15532348.53 943169.37 32546.68 4486.39 182431.26 182431.26 0.00 4297155<br />

7 jch 2002-03 2326811 4037824.35 183754.52 3850.43 672.81 18854.84 18854.84 0.00 926408<br />

dqy 2002-03 <strong>12</strong>095522 19570172.88 1<strong>12</strong>6923.89 36397.11 5159.20 20<strong>12</strong>86.10 20<strong>12</strong>86.10 0.00 5223563<br />

8 [kjhQ 2003 7970830 <strong>12</strong>355513.83 8114<strong>12</strong>.55 28333.19 2444.58 65267.94 65267.94 0.00 17<strong>12</strong>269<br />

9 jch 2003-04 442<strong>12</strong>87 6468662.75 304949.21 6405.87 624.17 49705.64 49705.64 0.00 2098<strong>12</strong>5<br />

dqy 2003-04 <strong>12</strong>392117 18824176.58 1116361.76 34739.06 3068.75 114973.57 114973.57 0.00 3810394<br />

10 [kjhQ 2004 <strong>12</strong>687104 24273393.97 1317061.59 45894.28 2009.22 103816.53 103816.53 0.00 2674743<br />

11 jch 2004-05 3531045 5343243.62 377420.53 7585.28 4<strong>12</strong>.36 16058.60 16058.60 0.00 772779<br />

dqy 2004-05 16218149 29616637.59 1694482.<strong>12</strong> 53479.55 2421.58 119875.13 119875.13 0.00 3447522<br />

<strong>12</strong> [kjhQ 2005 <strong>12</strong>673833 20531037.95 1351909.81 44994.94 2043.54 105994.42 105994.42 0.00 2666221<br />

13 jch 2005-06 4048524 7218417.22 507166.<strong>12</strong> 10482.40 523.<strong>12</strong> 33830.20 33830.20 0.00 980748<br />

dqy 2005-06 16722357 27749455.17 1859075.94 55477.34 2566.66 139824.62 139824.62 0.00 3646969<br />

14 [kjhQ 2006 <strong>12</strong>934117 19672993.68 1475946.18 46729.39 2654.85 177491.00 177491.00 0.00 3131511<br />

15 jch 2006-07 4977980 7632881.68 654221.41 14287.60 1137.75 51596.27 51596.27 0.00 1390430<br />

dqy 2006-07 179<strong>12</strong>097 27305875.36 2130167.59 61016.99 3792.60 229087.27 229087.27 0.00 4521941<br />

16 [kjhQ 2007 13398822 20754746.67 1700796.37 52432.28 2666.05 91522.14 91433.01 89.13 159<strong>12</strong>87<br />

17 Rabi 2007-08 5044016 7387156.02 746664.33 15871.00 1799.57 81004.66 81004.53 0.13 1578608<br />

dqy 2007-08 18442838 28141902.69 2447460.70 68303.28 4465.62 172526.81 172437.54 89.26 3169895<br />

18 [kjhQ 2008 <strong>12</strong>990975 17635162.07 1566540.81 51192.10 3371.91 237671.96 237671.96 0.00 4216435<br />

19 jch 2008-09 6210620 8857495.28 1114859.28 29571.85 6494.63 150883.67 150234.24 649.43 1977328<br />

dqy 2008-09 19201595 26492657.35 2681400.09 80763.95 9866.53 388555.62 387906.20 649.42 6193763<br />

20 [kjhQ 2009 18253072 25769817.34 2761670.64 86284.89 57<strong>12</strong>.57 456682.93 443759.05 <strong>12</strong>923.88 7963775<br />

21 jch 2009-10 5646964 7866817.55 1087561.21 28735.24 7278.00 57139.56 38945.84 18193.73 1039204<br />

dqy 2009-10 23900036 33636634.89 3849231.85 115020.13 <strong>12</strong>990.57 513822.49 482704.88 31117.61 9002979<br />

22 [kjhQ 2010 <strong>12</strong>684117 17193817.04 2370509.47 72164.94 4540.05 154200.60 135249.45 18951.15 2182988<br />

23 jch 2010-11 4896166 6853311.90 1068889.15 28798.20 8895.06 57738.40 45413.97 <strong>12</strong>324.43 1065476<br />

dqy 2010-11 17580283 24047<strong>12</strong>8.94 3439398.61 100963.14 13435.11 211939.00 180663.42 3<strong>12</strong>75.58 3248464<br />

[kjhQ ekSle dk dqy 130467542 199826370.14 15739601.28 507408.07 39431.22 1746680.48 1714716.31 31964.16 35813509<br />

jch ekSle dk dqy 45730517 68703675.63 6391146.03 151923.90 29604.49 529995.53 498827.81 31167.72 <strong>12</strong>864416<br />

dqy ;ksx 176198059 268530045.77 22130747.31 659331.96 69035.71 2276676.01 2213544.<strong>12</strong> 63131.88 48677925<br />

uksV% NÙkhlx


vuqca/k% 4-1 [kk|kUuksa ds {ks= dk vf[ky <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; vuqeku {ks= (fefy;u gsDVs;j)<br />

ekSle 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-<strong>12</strong>*<br />

1 2 7 8 9 10 11 <strong>12</strong> 13 14 15 16 17<br />

pkoy f'kf'kj 3.04 2.78 2.70 2.63 2.56 2.30 2.22 2.23 2.08<br />

'kjn 15.32 14.73 14.84 14.54 14.99 13.50 13.61 13.95 13.56<br />

[kjhQ 22.26 20.52 21.70 21.19 21.79 23.80 23.62 24.61 21.96<br />

dqy [kjhQ 40.62 38.04 39.23 38.36 39.34 39.60 39.45 40.79 37.60 38.03 40.51<br />

jch /xzh"e 4.28 3.14 3.36 3.54 4.32 4.21 4.46 4.74 4.32 4.83 3.90<br />

;ksx 44.90 41.18 42.59 41.91 43.66 43.81 43.91 45.54 41.92 42.86 44.41<br />

xsgwa jch 26.34 25.20 26.59 26.38 26.48 27.99 28.04 27.75 28.46 29.07 28.89<br />

Tokj [kjhQ 4.47 4.24 4.46 4.10 3.76 3.74 3.50 2.89 3.24 3.07 2.54<br />

jch 5.32 5.56 4.87 4.99 4.90 4.73 4.26 4.64 4.55 4.31 3.69<br />

;ksx 9.80 9.30 9.33 9.09 8.67 8.47 7.76 7.53 7.79 7.38 6.23<br />

cktjk [kjhQ 9.53 7.74 10.61 9.23 9.58 9.51 9.57 8.75 8.90 9.61 9.05<br />

eDdk [kjhQ 5.93 5.98 6.59 6.59 6.76 6.96 7.<strong>12</strong> 6.89 7.06 7.28 7.41<br />

jch /xzh"e 0.65 0.66 0.75 0.84 0.83 0.93 1.00 1.28 1.20 1.27 1.26<br />

;ksx 6.58 6.64 7.34 7.43 7.59 7.89 8.<strong>12</strong> 8.17 8.26 8.55 8.67<br />

jkxh [kjhQ 1.65 1.42 1.67 1.55 1.53 1.18 1.39 1.38 1.27 1.29 1.31<br />

NksVs feysV [kjhQ 1.31 1.20 1.19 1.10 1.06 1.01 1.04 0.91 0.83 0.89 0.82<br />

tkS jch 0.66 0.70 0.66 0.62 0.63 0.65 0.60 0.71 0.62 0.71 0.69<br />

eksVs vukt [kjhQ 22.89 20.57 24.52 22.58 22.70 22.39 22.62 20.83 21.31 22.15 21.<strong>12</strong><br />

jch 6.63 6.42 6.28 6.45 6.36 6.31 5.87 6.62 6.37 6.29 5.64<br />

;ksx 29.52 26.99 30.80 29.03 29.06 28.71 28.48 27.45 27.68 28.43 26.76<br />

vukt [kjhQ 63.51 58.61 63.75 60.94 62.04 62.00 62.07 61.62 58.91 60.18 61.63<br />

jch 37.26 34.75 36.24 36.37 37.17 38.52 38.36 39.<strong>12</strong> 39.14 40.18 38.43<br />

;ksx 100.77 93.36 99.99 97.32 99.21 100.52 100.43 100.74 98.05 100.36 100.06<br />

rwj (vjgj) [kjhQ 3.33 3.36 3.52 3.52 3.58 3.56 3.73 3.38 3.47 4.37 3.99<br />

nygu rwj dks NksM+dj [kjhQ 7.39 6.59 8.17 7.80 7.10 7.11 7.76 6.43 7.<strong>12</strong> 7.95 7.46<br />

puk jch 6.42 5.91 7.05 6.71 6.93 7.49 7.54 7.89 8.17 9.19 8.96<br />

nygu puk dks NksM+dj jch 4.87 4.64 4.73 4.73 4.79 5.02 4.60 4.39 4.53 4.90 5.02<br />

nkysa [kjhQ 10.72 9.95 11.68 11.32 10.68 10.68 11.49 9.81 10.58 <strong>12</strong>.32 11.45<br />

jch 11.29 10.55 11.78 11.45 11.71 <strong>12</strong>.52 <strong>12</strong>.14 <strong>12</strong>.29 <strong>12</strong>.70 14.08 13.98<br />

;ksx 22.01 20.50 23.46 22.76 22.39 23.19 23.63 22.09 23.28 26.40 25.43<br />

[kk|kUu [kjhQ 74.23 68.56 75.44 72.26 72.72 72.67 73.56 71.43 69.49 72.50 73.08<br />

jch 48.55 45.30 48.01 47.82 48.88 51.04 50.51 51.40 51.84 54.27 52.41<br />

;ksx <strong>12</strong>2.78 113.86 <strong>12</strong>3.45 <strong>12</strong>0.08 <strong>12</strong>1.60 <strong>12</strong>3.71 <strong>12</strong>4.07 <strong>12</strong>2.83 <strong>12</strong>1.33 <strong>12</strong>6.76 <strong>12</strong>5.49<br />

*fnukad 03-02-20<strong>12</strong> ds f}rh; vfxze vuqekuksa ij vk/kkfjrA<br />

vuqca/k 227


vuqca/k% 4-2 [kk|kUuksa ds mRiknu dk vf[ky <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; vuqeku mRiknu ¼feñ Vu½<br />

ekSle 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-<strong>12</strong>*<br />

1 2 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32<br />

pkoy f'kf'kj 4.66 3.35 3.73 3.49 3.45 3.51 3.10 3.53 3.04<br />

'kjn 29.69 23.50 27.71 25.54 26.90 27.00 25.73 27.44 26.28<br />

[kjhQ 46.17 36.24 47.18 43.20 47.92 49.66 53.82 53.94 46.60<br />

dqy [kjhQ 80.52 63.08 78.62 72.23 78.27 80.17 82.66 84.91 75.92 80.65 90.18<br />

jch@xzh"e <strong>12</strong>.82 8.74 9.91 10.90 13.52 13.18 14.03 14.27 13.18 15.33 <strong>12</strong>.57<br />

;ksx 93.34 71.82 88.53 83.13 91.79 93.36 96.69 99.18 89.09 95.98 102.74<br />

xsgwa jch 72.77 65.76 72.16 68.64 69.35 75.81 78.57 80.68 80.80 86.87 88.31<br />

Tokj [kjhQ 4.23 4.22 4.84 4.04 4.07 3.71 4.11 3.05 2.76 3.44 3.03<br />

jch 3.33 2.79 1.84 3.20 3.56 3.44 3.81 4.19 3.93 3.56 3.06<br />

;ksx 7.56 7.01 6.68 7.24 7.63 7.15 7.93 7.25 6.70 7.00 6.08<br />

cktjk [kjhQ 8.28 4.72 <strong>12</strong>.11 7.93 7.68 8.42 9.97 8.89 6.51 10.37 9.73<br />

eDdk [kjhQ 11.25 9.27 <strong>12</strong>.73 11.48 <strong>12</strong>.16 11.56 15.11 14.<strong>12</strong> <strong>12</strong>.29 16.64 16.10<br />

jch@xzh"e 1.91 1.88 2.25 2.70 2.55 3.54 3.85 5.61 4.43 5.09 5.50<br />

;ksx 13.16 11.15 14.98 14.17 14.71 15.10 18.96 19.73 16.72 21.73 21.60<br />

jkxh [kjhQ 2.37 1.32 1.97 2.43 2.35 1.44 2.15 2.04 1.89 2.19 2.26<br />

NksVs feysV [kjhQ 0.58 0.46 0.56 0.48 0.47 0.48 0.55 0.44 0.38 0.73 0.72<br />

tkS jch 1.42 1.41 1.30 1.21 1.22 1.33 1.20 1.69 1.35 1.66 1.68<br />

eksVs vkukt [kjhQ 26.71 19.99 32.22 26.36 26.74 25.61 31.89 28.54 23.83 33.37 31.84<br />

jch 6.66 6.08 5.39 7.10 7.33 8.31 8.86 11.49 9.72 10.32 10.24<br />

;ksx 33.38 26.07 37.60 33.46 34.07 33.92 40.75 40.04 33.55 43.68 42.08<br />

vkukt [kjhQ 107.23 83.07 110.84 98.59 105.01 105.78 114.55 113.45 99.75 114.02 <strong>12</strong>2.02<br />

jch 92.25 80.57 87.45 86.64 90.21 97.30 101.46 106.45 103.70 1<strong>12</strong>.52 111.13<br />

;ksx 199.48 163.65 198.28 185.23 195.22 203.08 216.01 219.90 203.45 226.54 233.14<br />

rwj vjgj [kjhQ 2.26 2.19 2.36 2.35 2.74 2.31 3.08 2.27 2.46 2.86 2.72<br />

nygu rwj dks NksM+dj [kjhQ 2.58 1.97 3.81 2.37 2.13 2.48 3.33 2.42 1.74 4.26 3.67<br />

puk jch 5.47 4.24 5.72 5.47 5.60 6.33 5.75 7.06 7.48 8.22 7.66<br />

nygu puk dks NksM+dj jch 3.06 2.74 3.02 2.94 2.92 3.07 2.61 2.82 2.98 2.90 3.22<br />

nkys [kjhQ 4.84 4.15 6.16 4.72 4.86 4.80 6.40 4.69 4.20 7.<strong>12</strong> 6.40<br />

jch 8.53 6.97 8.74 8.41 8.52 9.40 8.36 9.88 10.46 11.<strong>12</strong> 10.88<br />

;ksx 13.37 11.13 14.91 13.13 13.38 14.20 14.76 14.57 14.66 18.24 17.28<br />

[kk|kUu [kjhQ 1<strong>12</strong>.07 87.22 117.00 103.31 109.87 110.58 <strong>12</strong>0.96 118.14 103.95 <strong>12</strong>1.14 <strong>12</strong>8.41<br />

jch 100.78 87.55 96.19 95.05 98.73 106.71 109.82 116.33 114.15 <strong>12</strong>3.64 <strong>12</strong>2.01<br />

;ksx 2<strong>12</strong>.85 174.77 213.19 198.36 208.60 217.28 230.78 234.47 218.11 244.78 250.42<br />

*fnukad 03-02-20<strong>12</strong> ds f}rh; vfxze vuqekuksa ij vk/kkfjrA<br />

228 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong>


vuqca/k% 4-3 [kk|kUuksa <strong>dh</strong> mit dk vf[ky <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; vuqeku mit ¼fdyksxzke@gsDVs;j½<br />

ekSle 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-<strong>12</strong>*<br />

1 2 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47<br />

pkoy f'kf'kj 1532 <strong>12</strong>02 1385 1327 1349 1526 1396 1582 1458<br />

'kjn 1938 1595 1868 1756 1795 2000 1891 1967 1938<br />

[kjhQ 2074 1766 2174 2039 2199 2086 2278 2192 2<strong>12</strong>2<br />

dqy [kjhQ 1982 1658 2004 1883 1990 2024 2095 2081 2019 2<strong>12</strong>1 2226<br />

jch@xzh"e 2992 2783 2947 3077 3<strong>12</strong>7 3130 3147 3009 3053 3174 3223<br />

;ksx 2079 1744 2078 1984 2102 2131 2202 2178 2<strong>12</strong>5 2239 2314<br />

xsgwa jch 2762 2610 2713 2602 2619 2708 2802 2907 2839 2989 3057<br />

Tokj [kjhQ 945 995 1085 987 1082 992 1176 1055 853 1119 1189<br />

jch 625 552 377 641 726 727 894 904 865 827 829<br />

;ksx 771 754 716 797 880 844 1021 962 860 949 976<br />

cktjk [kjhQ 869 610 1141 859 802 886 1042 1015 731 1079 1075<br />

eDdk [kjhQ 1896 1552 1932 1740 1799 1660 2<strong>12</strong>2 2048 1740 2285 2174<br />

jch@'kjn 2952 2851 2987 3224 3076 3793 3854 4387 3694 4003 4364<br />

;ksx 2000 1681 2041 1907 1938 19<strong>12</strong> 2335 2414 2024 2540 2492<br />

jkxh [kjhQ 1442 930 1180 1567 1534 <strong>12</strong>26 1552 1477 1489 1705 1730<br />

NksVs feysV [kjhQ 440 383 473 434 443 475 530 491 460 817 884<br />

tkS jch 2160 2006 1975 1958 1938 2055 1985 2394 2172 2357 2441<br />

eksVs vkukt [kjhQ 1167 972 1314 1168 1178 1144 1410 1371 1119 1507 1507<br />

jch 1005 947 858 1102 1152 1316 1510 1735 1525 1641 1817<br />

;ksx 1131 966 2<strong>12</strong>1 1153 1172 1182 1431 1459 <strong>12</strong><strong>12</strong> 1536 1572<br />

vkukt [kjhQ 1688 1417 1739 1618 1693 1706 1846 1841 1693 1895 1980<br />

jch 2476 2319 2413 2382 2427 2526 2645 2721 2649 2800 2892<br />

;ksx 1980 1753 1983 1903 1968 2020 2151 2183 2075 2257 2330<br />

rwj vjgj [kjhQ 679 651 670 667 765 650 826 671 711 655 683<br />

nygu rwj dks NksM+dj [kjhQ 349 298 466 304 300 349 429 377 244 536 492<br />

puk jch 853 717 811 815 808 845 762 895 915 895 856<br />

nkysa puk dks NksM+dj jch 628 590 640 622 610 611 567 642 658 592 640<br />

nkys [kjhQ 451 417 528 417 456 449 557 478 397 578 559<br />

jch 756 661 742 735 727 751 688 804 823 790 778<br />

;ksx 607 543 635 577 598 6<strong>12</strong> 625 659 630 691 679<br />

[kk|kUu [kjhQ 1510 <strong>12</strong>72 1551 1430 1511 1522 1644 1654 1496 1671 1757<br />

jch 2076 1933 2004 1988 2020 2091 2174 2263 2202 2278 2328<br />

;ksx 1734 1535 1727 1652 1715 1756 1860 1909 1798 1931 1996<br />

*fnukad 03-02-20<strong>12</strong> ds f}rh; vfxze vuqekuksa ij vk/kkfjrA<br />

vuqca/k 229


vuqca/k 205<br />

okf"kZd ;kstuk 1990-91 20.6 79.4 19.1 80.9 98.2 1.8 0.7 99.3<br />

(1990-91)<br />

okf"kZd ;kstuk 1991-92 26.0 74.0 24.4 75.6 98.4 1.6 0.6 99.4<br />

(1991-92)<br />

vkSlr 23.3 76.7 21.8 78.2 98.3 1.7 0.6 99.4<br />

vkBoha ;kstuk 1992-93 22.0 78.0 20.8 79.2 98.2 1.8 0.1 99.9<br />

(1992-97) 1993-94 27.0 73.0 26.1 73.9 98.0 2.0 0.4 99.6<br />

1994-95 31.2 68.8 30.6 69.4 98.1 1.9 0.2 99.8<br />

1995-96 31.5 68.5 31.0 69.0 98 2.0 0.2 99.8<br />

1996-97 27.9 72.1 27.3 72.7 97.9 2.1 0.1 99.9<br />

vkSlr 27.9 72.1 27.2 72.8 98.0 2.0 0.2 99.8<br />

ukSoha ;kstuk<br />

(1997-2002)<br />

1997-98 22.1 77.9 21.2 78.8 97.4 2.6 0.1 99.9<br />

1998-99 20.7 79.3 19.8 80.2 97.0 3.0 0.3 99.7<br />

1999-00 15.0 85.0 14.6 85.4 95.2 4.8 -0.1 100.1<br />

2000-01 15.2 84.8 14.8 85.2 95.5 4.5 0.0 100.0<br />

2001-02 14.4 85.6 14.3 85.7 94.3 5.7 0.0 100.0<br />

vkSlr 17.5 82.5 16.9 83.1 95.9 4.1 0.1 99.9<br />

nloha ;kstuk 2002-03 14.0 86.0 14.2 85.8 94.6 5.4 0.0 100.0<br />

(2002-07) 2003-04 18.1 81.9 17.6 82.4 95.9 4.1 0.0 100.0<br />

2004-05 21.3 78.7 22.1 77.9 95.9 4.1 0.0 100.0<br />

2005-06 23.0 77.0 23.8 76.2 94.6 5.4 0.0 100.0<br />

2006-07 25.3 74.7 26.3 73.7 96.6 3.4 0.0 100.0<br />

vkSlr 20.4 79.6 20.8 79.2 95.5 4.5 0.0 100.0<br />

X;kjgoha ;kstuk 2007-08 22.1 77.9 23.1 76.9 97.1 2.9 0.0 100.0<br />

(2007-<strong>12</strong>) 2008-09 17.6 82.4 18.2 81.8 93.7 6.3 0.0 100.0<br />

2009-10 17.7 82.3 18.5 81.5 95.3 4.7 0.0 100.0<br />

vkSlr ¼izFke<br />

pkj o"kZ½<br />

19.2 80.8 19.9 80.1 95.4 4.6 0.0 100.0<br />

Server 3\e\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\Annexure\Annexure<br />

lkoZtfud futh lkoZtfud futh lkoZtfud futh lkoZtfud futh


vuqca/k% 4-4 okf.kfT;d Qlyksa dk {ks= {ks= ¼fefy;u gsDVs;j½<br />

ekSle 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-<strong>12</strong>*<br />

ewaxQyh [kjhQ 5.46 5.27 5.20 5.79 5.74 4.78 5.31 5.29 4.62 4.98 4.28<br />

jch 0.78 0.66 0.79 0.85 1.00 0.83 0.98 0.88 0.86 0.88 0.91<br />

;ksx 6.24 5.94 5.99 6.64 6.74 5.62 6.29 6.16 5.48 5.86 5.19<br />

,j.M [kjhQ 0.72 0.58 0.72 0.74 0.86 0.63 0.79 0.87 0.73 0.88 1.45<br />

jkefry [kjhQ 0.48 0.41 0.43 0.43 0.41 0.47 0.41 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.33<br />

fry [kjhQ 1.67 1.44 1.70 1.84 1.72 1.70 1.80 1.81 1.94 2.08 1.83<br />

jsilhM ,oa ljlksa jch 5.07 4.54 5.43 7.32 7.28 6.79 5.83 6.30 5.59 6.90 6.70<br />

vylh jch 0.54 0.45 0.48 0.45 0.44 0.44 0.47 0.41 0.34 0.36 0.36<br />

dqlqe jch 0.40 0.37 0.36 0.37 0.36 0.38 0.32 0.29 0.29 0.24 0.18<br />

lwjteq[kh [kjhQ 0.31 0.53 0.61 0.87 0.92 0.86 0.76 0.66 0.57 0.32 0.28<br />

jch 0.87 1.11 1.39 1.29 1.42 1.30 1.15 1.15 0.91 0.61 0.48<br />

;ksx 1.18 1.64 2.00 2.16 2.34 2.16 1.91 1.81 1.48 0.93 0.76<br />

lks;kchu [kjhQ 6.34 6.11 6.55 7.57 7.71 8.33 8.88 9.51 9.73 9.60 10.19<br />

[kkn~; fry [kjhQ 14.26 13.77 14.49 16.50 16.50 16.14 17.16 17.66 17.24 17.35 16.92<br />

jch 7.<strong>12</strong> 6.69 7.98 9.83 10.06 9.31 8.28 8.62 7.65 8.64 8.26<br />

;ksx 21.38 20.46 22.47 26.33 26.56 25.45 25.44 26.28 24.88 25.98 25.18<br />

[kkn~; fry dks NksM+dj [kjhQ 0.72 0.58 0.72 0.74 0.86 0.63 0.79 0.87 0.73 0.88 1.45<br />

jch 0.54 0.45 0.48 0.45 0.44 0.44 0.47 0.41 0.34 0.36 0.36<br />

;ksx 1.25 1.03 1.19 1.19 1.30 1.06 1.25 1.27 1.08 1.24 1.81<br />

ukS [kkn~; fry dk ;ksx [kjhQ 14.98 14.35 15.21 17.25 17.37 16.77 17.95 18.53 17.97 18.23 18.37<br />

jch 7.66 7.14 8.45 10.28 10.49 9.74 8.74 9.03 7.99 9.00 8.62<br />

;ksx 22.64 21.49 23.66 27.52 27.86 26.51 26.69 27.56 25.96 27.22 27.00<br />

dikl@ ;ksx 9.13 7.67 7.60 8.79 8.68 9.14 9.41 9.41 10.13 11.24 <strong>12</strong>.18<br />

iVlu$ ;ksx 0.87 0.86 0.85 0.77 0.76 0.79 0.81 0.79 0.81 0.77 0.81<br />

esLVk$ ;ksx 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.<strong>12</strong> 0.09 0.10 0.10<br />

xUuk ;ksx 4.41 4.52 3.94 3.66 4.20 5.15 5.06 4.42 4.17 4.88 5.08<br />

*fnukad 03-02-20<strong>12</strong> ds f}rh; vfxze vuqekuksa ij vk/kkfjrA<br />

@170 fdyksxzke <strong>dh</strong> izfr gtkj xkaBsa<br />

$180 fdyksxzke <strong>dh</strong> izfr gtkj xkaBsa<br />

230 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong>


vuqca/k% 4-5 okf.kfT;d Qlyksa dk mRiknu ¼fefy;u Vu@xkaBs½<br />

ekSle 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-<strong>12</strong>*<br />

ewaxQyh [kjhQ 5.62 3.09 6.86 5.26 6.30 3.29 7.36 5.62 3.85 6.64 5.35<br />

jch 1.41 1.03 1.27 1.51 1.70 1.57 1.82 1.55 1.58 1.62 1.59<br />

;ksx 7.03 4.<strong>12</strong> 8.13 6.77 7.99 4.86 9.18 7.17 5.43 8.26 6.94<br />

,j.M jch 0.65 0.43 0.80 0.79 0.99 0.76 1.05 1.17 1.01 1.35 2.34<br />

jkefry [kjhQ 0.13 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.<strong>12</strong> 0.11 0.<strong>12</strong> 0.10 0.11 0.09<br />

fry [kjhQ 0.70 0.44 0.78 0.67 0.64 0.62 0.76 0.64 0.59 0.89 0.77<br />

jsilhM ,oa ljlksa jch 5.08 3.88 6.29 7.59 8.13 7.44 5.83 7.20 6.61 8.18 7.50<br />

vylh jch 0.21 0.18 0.20 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.15<br />

dqlqe jch 0.22 0.18 0.13 0.17 0.23 0.24 0.22 0.19 0.18 0.15 0.10<br />

lwjteq[kh [kjhQ 0.16 0.27 0.31 0.43 0.46 0.37 0.46 0.36 0.21 0.19 0.17<br />

jch 0.52 0.60 0.62 0.76 0.98 0.86 1.00 0.80 0.64 0.46 0.39<br />

;ksx 0.68 0.87 0.93 1.19 1.44 1.23 1.46 1.16 0.85 0.65 0.56<br />

lks;kchu [kjhQ 5.96 4.65 7.82 6.88 8.27 8.85 10.97 9.91 9.96 <strong>12</strong>.74 <strong>12</strong>.08<br />

[kk| fry [kjhQ <strong>12</strong>.57 8.55 15.88 13.36 15.78 13.25 19.66 16.64 14.72 20.57 18.46<br />

jch 7.23 5.69 8.32 10.03 11.04 10.11 8.88 9.74 9.00 10.41 9.58<br />

;ksx 19.80 14.23 24.19 23.39 26.81 23.36 28.54 26.38 23.72 30.98 28.04<br />

[kk| fry dks NksM+dj [kjhQ 0.65 0.43 0.80 0.79 0.99 0.76 1.05 1.17 1.01 1.35 2.34<br />

jch 0.21 0.18 0.20 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.15<br />

;ksx 0.86 0.60 0.99 0.96 1.16 0.93 1.22 1.34 1.16 1.50 2.49<br />

dqy ukS [kk| fry [kjhQ 13.22 8.98 16.67 14.15 16.77 14.01 20.71 17.81 15.73 21.92 20.80<br />

jch 7.44 5.86 8.51 10.20 11.21 10.28 9.04 9.91 9.15 10.56 9.73<br />

;ksx 20.66 14.84 25.19 24.35 27.98 24.29 29.76 27.72 24.88 32.48 30.53<br />

dikl@ ;ksx 10.00 8.62 13.73 16.43 18.50 22.63 25.88 22.28 24.02 33.00 34.09<br />

iVlu$ ;ksx 10.58 10.27 10.25 9.40 9.97 10.32 10.22 9.63 11.23 10.01 10.95<br />

esLVk$ ;ksx 1.09 1.00 0.92 0.87 0.87 0.96 0.99 0.73 0.59 0.61 0.67<br />

xUuk ;ksx 297.21 287.38 233.86 237.09 281.17 355.52 348.19 285.03 292.30 342.38 347.86<br />

*fnukad 03-02-20<strong>12</strong> ds f}rh; vfxze vuqekuksa ij vk/kkfjrA<br />

@170 fdyksxzke <strong>dh</strong> izfr gtkj xkaBsa<br />

$180 fdyksxzke <strong>dh</strong> izfr gtkj xkaBsa<br />

vuqca/k 231


vuqca/k% 4-6 okf.kfT;d Qlyksa <strong>dh</strong> mit ¼fdyksxzke@gsDVs;j½<br />

ekSle 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-<strong>12</strong>*<br />

ewaxQyh [kjhQ 1030 587 1320 909 1097 689 1386 1063 835 1335 <strong>12</strong>51<br />

jch 1808 1548 1602 1771 1702 1880 1857 1764 1830 1846 1737<br />

;ksx 1<strong>12</strong>7 694 1357 1020 1187 866 1459 1163 991 1411 1337<br />

,j.M [kjhQ 911 733 1111 1068 1146 <strong>12</strong>13 1339 1352 1373 1534 1609<br />

jkefry [kjhQ 272 208 252 261 261 258 269 297 266 290 275<br />

fry [kjhQ 418 306 460 366 372 363 421 354 303 429 419<br />

jsilhM ,oa ljlksa jch 1002 854 1159 1038 1117 1095 1001 1143 1183 1185 1<strong>12</strong>0<br />

vylh jch 390 393 4<strong>12</strong> 378 395 385 349 415 449 408 419<br />

dqlqe jch 546 483 371 470 627 637 701 642 621 617 554<br />

lwjteq[kh [kjhQ 501 510 501 494 496 425 607 540 378 608 605<br />

jch 604 541 448 587 692 661 870 696 700 748 828<br />

;ksx 577 531 464 549 615 567 765 639 576 701 746<br />

lks;kchu [kjhQ 940 762 1193 908 1073 1063 <strong>12</strong>35 1041 1024 1327 1185<br />

[kk| fry [kjhQ 881 621 1095 809 956 821 1146 942 854 1186 1091<br />

jch 1016 850 1043 1021 1098 1086 1073 1130 1177 <strong>12</strong>05 1159<br />

;ksx 926 696 1077 888 1010 918 1<strong>12</strong>2 1004 953 1192 1113<br />

[kk| fry dks NksM+dj [kjhQ 911 733 1111 1068 1146 <strong>12</strong>13 1339 1352 1373 1534 1609<br />

jch 390 393 4<strong>12</strong> 378 395 385 349 415 449 408 419<br />

;ksx 688 585 832 808 894 874 970 1052 1080 <strong>12</strong>08 1373<br />

lHkh ukS [kk| fry dk ;ksx [kjhQ 883 625 1096 820 965 836 1154 961 875 <strong>12</strong>03 1132<br />

jch 972 821 1007 993 1068 1055 1034 1097 1146 1174 1<strong>12</strong>8<br />

;ksx 913 691 1064 885 1004 916 1115 1006 958 1193 1131<br />

dikl@ ;ksx 186 191 307 318 362 421 467 403 403 499 476<br />

iVlu$ ;ksx 2182 2139 2173 2186 2362 2342 2260 2207 2492 2329 2447<br />

esLVk$ ;ksx 1131 1056 1087 1108 1136 <strong>12</strong>10 <strong>12</strong>19 1141 1<strong>12</strong>1 1115 <strong>12</strong>09<br />

xUuk ;ksx 67370 63576 59380 64752 66919 69022 68877 64553 70020 70091 68463<br />

*fnukad 03-02-20<strong>12</strong> ds f}rh; vfxze vuqekuksa ij vk/kkfjrA<br />

@170 fdyksxzke <strong>dh</strong> izfr gtkj xkaBsa<br />

$180 fdyksxzke <strong>dh</strong> izfr gtkj xkaBsa<br />

232 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong>


vuqca/k% 4-7 ckxokuh Qlyksa dk {ks=] mRiknu ,oa mRikndrk<br />

Qly 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11<br />

mRiknu% fefy;u Vu<br />

mRikndrk@mit@Vu@gsDVs;j<br />

{ks=% fefy;u@gsDVs;j<br />

2011-<strong>12</strong> ¹¹<br />

{ks= mRiknu mit {ks= mRiknu mit {ks= mRiknu mit {ks= mRiknu mit {ks= mRiknu mit {ks= mRiknu mit<br />

Qy 5.55 59.56 10.72 5.86 65.59 11.20 6.10 68.47 11.22 6.33 71.52 11.30 6.38 74.88 11.74 6.58 77.52 11.78<br />

lfCt;ka 7.58 114.99 15.17 7.85 <strong>12</strong>8.45 16.37 7.98 <strong>12</strong>9.08 16.17 8.01 134.10 16.74 8.49 146.55 17.26 8.59 149.61 17.42<br />

Qwy [kqys* 0.14 0.88 6.<strong>12</strong> 0.17 0.87 5.23 0.17 0.99 5.95 0.18 1.02 5.60 0.19 1.03 5.42 0.19 1.03 5.42<br />

ikS/k Qly 3.21 <strong>12</strong>.01 3.75 3.19 11.30 3.54 3.22 11.34 3.52 3.27 11.95 3.65 3.31 <strong>12</strong>.01 3.63 3.35 <strong>12</strong>.99 3.88<br />

elkys 2.45 3.95 1.62 2.62 4.36 1.67 2.63 4.14 1.58 2.46 4.02 1.63 2.94 5.35 1.82 3.03 5.73 1.89<br />

;ksx 19.39 191.81 9.89 20.20 211.24 10.46 20.53 214.44 10.45 20.77 223.18 10.75 21.82 240.43 11.02 22.25 247.54 11.13<br />

¹[kqys Qwy 'kkfey ugha gSA ¹¹ vLFkk;h<br />

lzksr% d`f"k ,oa ljdkfjrk foHkkx] ckxokuh izHkkxA<br />

vuqca/k 233


234 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

S-3\E\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\annexure\annexure 4.8<br />

vuqca/k% 4-8 Hkkjr esa [kk|kUu <strong>dh</strong> dqy izfr O;fDr miyC/krk ¼izfr fnu½<br />

¼16-03-2011 rd½<br />

¼xzke izfr fnu½<br />

o"kZ pkoy xsgwa vU; vukt dnUu puk nkysa [kk|kUu<br />

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8<br />

1951 158.9 65.7 109.6 334.2 22.5 60.7 394.9<br />

1956 187.7 61.5 111.2 360.4 29.0 70.3 430.7<br />

1961 201.1 79.1 119.5 399.7 30.2 69.0 468.7<br />

1966 161.9 95.4 102.6 359.9 18.3 48.2 408.1<br />

1971 192.6 103.6 <strong>12</strong>1.4 417.6 20.0 51.2 468.8<br />

1976 187.2 79.5 107.4 373.8 20.2 50.5 424.3<br />

1981 197.8 <strong>12</strong>9.6 89.9 417.3 13.4 37.5 454.8<br />

1985 188.8 138.6 87.9 415.3 <strong>12</strong>.9 38.1 453.4<br />

1990 2<strong>12</strong>.1 132.6 86.8 431.5 10.7 41.1 472.6<br />

1991 221.7 166.8 80.0 468.5 13.4 41.6 510.1<br />

1992 217.0 158.6 58.9 434.5 10.1 34.3 468.8<br />

1993 201.1 140.2 86.6 427.9 10.7 36.2 464.1<br />

1994 207.4 159.5 67.1 434.0 11.8 37.2 471.2<br />

1995 220.0 172.7 64.9 457.6 14.9 37.8 495.5<br />

1996 204.4 176.0 62.0 442.5 11.3 32.7 475.2<br />

1997 214.0 179.1 72.9 466.0 <strong>12</strong>.4 37.1 503.1<br />

1998 200.3 151.5 62.4 414.2 13.4 32.8 447.0<br />

1999 203.4 162.3 63.4 429.2 14.6 36.5 465.7<br />

2000 203.7 160.0 59.0 422.7 10.8 31.8 454.4<br />

2001 190.5 135.8 56.2 386.2 8.0 30.0 416.2<br />

2002 228.7 166.6 63.4 458.7 10.7 35.4 494.1<br />

2003 181.4 180.4 46.7 408.5 8.5 29.1 437.6<br />

2004 195.4 162.2 69.3 426.9 11.2 35.8 462.7<br />

2005 177.3 154.3 59.4 390.9 10.6 31.5 422.4<br />

2006 198.0 154.3 60.5 4<strong>12</strong>.8 10.7 32.5 445.3<br />

2007 194.0 157.8 55.5 407.4 11.9 35.5 442.8<br />

2008 175.4 145.1 54.1 394.2 10.6 41.8 436.0<br />

2009 188.4 154.7 63.9 407.0 <strong>12</strong>.9 37.0 444.0<br />

2010(P) 184.8 167.9 54.3 407.0 13.5 31.6 438.6<br />

uksV%<br />

fVIi.k% [kk|kUuksa <strong>dh</strong> fucy miyC/krk ds ldy mRiknu ¼&½ cht] vkgkj ,oa vif'k"V] ¼&½ fu;kZr ¼+½ vk;kr] ¼+@&½ LVkWd esa ifjorZu gksus<br />

dk vuqeku yxk;k x;k gSA ,d fof'k"V o"kZ ds fy, [kk|kUuksa <strong>dh</strong> 'kq) miyC/rk dks tula[;k ls Hkkx nsdj fd;k x;k vkdyu fdxzk@o"kZ esa<br />

[kk|kUuksa <strong>dh</strong> izfr O;fDr miyC/krk n'kkZrk gSA bl izdkj fudkyh xbZ 'kq) miyC/krk dks o"kZ esa fnu <strong>dh</strong> la[;k vFkkZr~ 365 fnuksa ls Hkkx nsdj<br />

xzke@fnu <strong>dh</strong> en esa [kk|kUuksa <strong>dh</strong> 'kq) miyC/krk izkIr gksrh gSA Åij izfrO;fDr 'kq) miyC/krk ds laca/k esa fn, x, vkdM+s ns'k esa okLrfod [kir<br />

ugha n'kkZrs pwafd os foØsrkvksa] mRikndksa ,oa miHkksDrkvksa ds HkaMkj esa fdlh ifjorZu ij /;ku ugha nsrsA izfr O;fDr 'kq) miyC/krk <strong>dh</strong> x.kuk ds<br />

fy, 1981 ls 1994 ds 'kq) vk;kr ds vkadM+s Hkkjr ljdkj ds vk;kr ,oa fu;kZr laca/kh ys[kksa ij vk/kkfjr gSA 1995 ds 'kq) vk;kr ds ckn dk<br />

dqy fu;kZr ,oa vk;kr gS ¼ljdkj ds lkFk&lkFk futh ys[kksa ls½ vukt esa pkoy] xsgwa ,oa vU; vukt 'kkfey gSA nygu esa lHkh [kjhQ ,oa jch<br />

nygu 'kkfey gSA [kk|kUu esa pkoy] xsgwa vU; vukt ,oa lHkh nkysa 'kkfey gSA<br />

lzksr% vFkZ ,oa lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong> funs'kky;] d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkxA


vuqca/k 235<br />

S-3\E\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\annexure\annexure 4.8<br />

vuqca/k% 4-9 ikjEifjd [kk| inkFkks± <strong>dh</strong> izfrO;fDr miyC/krk<br />

inkFkZ o"kZ ek=k fd-xzke-@<br />

izfr o"kZ [kir <strong>dh</strong> ek=k<br />

xzkeh.k {ks= 'kgjh {ks=<br />

pkoy 1993-94 82.61 62.42<br />

2004-05 77.62 57.31<br />

2009-10 74.70 56.64<br />

xsgwa 1993-94 52.56 54.02<br />

2004-05 50.98 53.05<br />

2009-10 53.03 52.82<br />

eksVs vukt 1993-94 27.86 <strong>12</strong>.53<br />

2004-05 18.86 10.59<br />

2009-10 10.34 4.60<br />

lHkh dnUu 1993-94 163.03 <strong>12</strong>8.97<br />

2004-05 147.46 <strong>12</strong>0.94<br />

2009-10 138.08 114.05<br />

lHkh nkysa ,oa nygu 1993-94 9.25 10.46<br />

mRiknu 2004-05 8.64 9.98<br />

2009-10 7.92 9.60<br />

leLr [kk| rsy 1993-94 4.50 6.81<br />

lzksr% ,u-,l-,l-vks- fofHkUu pØ<br />

2004-05 5.84 8.03<br />

2009-10 7.74 9.95


236 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

S-3\E\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\annexure\annexure 4.8<br />

vuqca/k% 4-10 mHkjrs gq, [kk| oLrqvksa <strong>dh</strong> izfr O;fDr miyC/krk<br />

oLrq@en o"kZ ek=k fd-xzk-@yhVj@ux esa<br />

izfr o"kZ [kir <strong>dh</strong> ek=k<br />

xzkeh.k {ks= 'kgjh {ks=<br />

Qy ,oa lfCt;ka 1993-94 32.97 35.41<br />

2004-05 35.53 38.57<br />

2009-10 49.14 50.11<br />

nw/k ¼fyVj½ 1993-94 47.94 59.50<br />

2004-05 47.09 62.17<br />

2009-10 50.09 65.19<br />

v.Mk ¼ux½ 1993-94 7.79 18.01<br />

2004-05 <strong>12</strong>.29 20.93<br />

2009-10 21.08 32.53<br />

eNyh ¼fd-xzk-½ 1993-94 2.19 2.43<br />

2004-05 2.45 2.51<br />

2009-10 3.27 2.90<br />

cdjh ekal@eVu 1993-94 0.73 1.34<br />

¼fd-xzk-½ 2004-05 0.57 0.85<br />

2009-10 0.57 1.11<br />

fpdu ¼fd-xzk-½ 1993-94 0.24 0.37<br />

2004-05 0.61 1.03<br />

2009-10 1.50 2.19<br />

lzksr% ,u-,l-,l-vks- fofHkUu pØ


vuqca/k 237<br />

S-3\E\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\annexure\annexure 4.8<br />

vuqca/k% 4-11 miHkksDrk O;; <strong>dh</strong> izfr'kr lajpuk<br />

xzkeh.k 'kgjh<br />

en lewg dqy miHkksDrk O;; esa va'k dqy miHkksDrk O;; esa va'k<br />

1987- 1993- 1999- 2004- 2009- 1987- 1993- 1999- 2004- 2009-<br />

88 94 00* 05 10 88 94 20* 05 10<br />

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11<br />

vukt 26.3 24.2 22.2 18.0 15.6 15.0 14.0 <strong>12</strong>.4 10.1 9.1<br />

puk 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1<br />

vukt fodYi 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0<br />

nygu vkSj mRikn 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.1 3.7 3.4 3.0 2.8 2.1 2.7<br />

nw/k vkSj mRikn 8.6 9.5 8.8 8.5 8.6 9.5 9.8 8.7 7.9 7.8<br />

[kk| rsy 5.0 4.4 3.7 4.6 3.7 5.3 4.4 3.1 3.5 2.6<br />

v.Mk] eNyh vkSj ekal 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.1 2.7 2.7<br />

lfCt;ka 5.2 6.0 6.2 6.1 6.2 5.3 5.5 5.1 4.5 4.3<br />

Qy vkSj fxfj;k 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.6 2.5 2.7 2.4 2.2 2.1<br />

phuh 2.9 3.1 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 1.6 1.5 1.5<br />

ued vkSj elkys 2.9 2.7 3.0 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.0 2.2 1.7 1.5<br />

is; inkFkZ 3.9 4.2 4.2 4.5 5.6 6.8 7.2 6.4 6.2 6.3<br />

[kk| inkFkZ ¼dqy½ 64.0 63.2 59.4 55.0 53.6 56.4 54.7 48.1 42.5 40.7<br />

iku rEckdw] eknd 3.2 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.2 2.6 2.3 1.9 1.6 1.2<br />

b±/ku vkSj izdk'k 7.5 7.4 7.5 10.2 9.5 6.8 6.6 7.8 9.9 8.0<br />

diM+k vkSj fcLrj 6.7 5.4 6.9 4.5 4.9 5.9 4.7 6.1 4.0 4.7<br />

QqVos;j 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.9<br />

vU; lsok,a 14.5 17.3 19.6 23.4 24.0 23.2 27.5 31.3 37.2 37.8<br />

vf/kd fVdkÅ eky 3.1 2.7 2.6 3.4 4.8 4.1 3.3 3.6 4.1 6.7<br />

v[kk| ¼dqy½ 36.0 36.8 40.6 45.0 46.4 43.6 45.3 51.9 57.5 59.3<br />

dqy O;; 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0<br />

¹1999&2000 dks NksM+dj ;wvkjih vuqeku n'kkZ;k x;k gS ftlds fy, dsoy ,evkjih vuqeku miyC/k gSA<br />

lzksr % ,u,l,lvks ?kjsyw miHkksDrkO;; losZ{k.k 2009&10


238 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

vuqca/k% 5-1 eq[; d`f"k ftUl lewgksa <strong>dh</strong> Fkksd fcØh ewY; lwph<br />

vizSy 10 ebZ twu tqykbZ vxLr flr- vDrw- uo- fnl- tu- Qj- ekpZ vizSy 11 ebZ twu tqykbZ vx- flr- vDrw-<br />

lHkh ftal 138.6 139.1 139.8 141.0 141.1 142.0 142.9 143.8 146.0 148.0 148.1 149.5 152.1 152.4 153.1 154.2 154.9 155.8 156.8<br />

[kk| inkFkZ 168.8 172.1 175.4 178.2 176.7 179.9 180.9 181.4 189.4 192.4 181.3 179.0 186.8 186.3 188.8 192.8 193.7 196.5 200.9<br />

dnUu 165.2 165.0 166.3 167.4 168.7 169.3 169.0 171.7 172.6 173.5 175.0 172.3 172.5 174.5 174.7 176.1 177.4 176.7 176.7<br />

nygu 202.5 206.2 206.8 205.8 201.7 196.5 194.1 187.2 187.2 189.9 193.4 191.0 189.6 187.2 187.5 190.4 193.1 202.0 2<strong>12</strong>.8<br />

lfCt;ka 143.9 150.9 175.1 172.0 176.2 189.5 193.9 189.2 240.5 261.1 158.3 143.3 146.8 149.9 163.8 185.4 199.4 216.1 236.1<br />

Qy 161.1 163.0 162.7 170.7 149.9 152.7 159.7 161.8 159.5 161.8 170.7 184.5 232.7 207.7 194.9 196.0 184.9 177.1 178.8<br />

nw/k 170.5 171.9 171.9 174.6 176.5 177.1 177.2 177.9 178.7 179.3 180.4 174.6 175.4 182.4 191.7 193.4 193.1 195.3 196.9<br />

bZ,e,Q 175.9 185.1 184.3 188.2 190.1 196.1 192.2 192.9 196.2 193.2 192.0 195.4 195.5 197.3 202.5 206.2 209.9 215.1 216.4<br />

phuh 161.9 158.7 152.8 159.8 157.1 156.1 157.7 161.9 166.5 166.6 163.0 163.9 164.6 164.3 162.2 165.6 166.1 167.1 167.5<br />

[kk| rsy 114.3 114.4 115.2 116.5 118.2 119.7 119.9 <strong>12</strong>1.0 <strong>12</strong>2.4 <strong>12</strong>7.2 <strong>12</strong>9.4 <strong>12</strong>8.8 <strong>12</strong>9.7 132.1 133.4 133.7 135.6 135.8 135.6<br />

S-3\E\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\annexure\annexure 4.8<br />

vuqca/k% 5-2 eq[; d`f"k ftUl lewgksa esa LQhfr nj<br />

vizSy 10 ebZ twu tqykbZ vx- flr- vDrw- uo- fnl- tu- Qj- ekpZ vizSy 11 ebZ twu tqykbZ vx- flr- vDrw-<br />

lHkh ftal 10.9 10.5 10.3 10.0 8.9 9.0 9.1 8.2 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.7 9.7 9.6 9.5 9.4 9.8 9.7 9.7<br />

[kk| inkFkZ 20.5 21.4 21.0 18.5 15.0 16.3 14.6 10.1 15.1 16.7 11.0 9.4 10.7 8.3 7.6 8.2 9.6 9.2 11.1<br />

dnUu 8.0 7.1 7.4 8.3 8.5 6.7 4.8 3.2 1.6 1.8 3.4 3.5 4.4 5.8 5.1 5.2 5.2 4.4 4.6<br />

nygu 24.1 24.5 23.0 14.4 7.7 3.9 0.2 -10.0 -11.7 -13.3 -5.2 -4.0 -6.4 -9.2 -9.3 -7.5 -4.3 2.8 9.6<br />

lfCt;ka 8.0 7.5 <strong>12</strong>.2 -3.6 -4.5 11.0 8.1 -1.4 33.6 66.5 14.4 8.6 2.0 -0.7 -6.5 7.8 13.2 14.0 21.8<br />

Qy 19.6 22.9 25.3 32.4 <strong>12</strong>.2 13.4 17.1 18.5 17.3 15.7 17.5 26.7 44.4 27.4 19.8 14.8 23.3 16.0 <strong>12</strong>.0<br />

nw/k 27.9 28.4 26.2 26.1 26.9 24.1 21.0 18.0 18.3 13.8 <strong>12</strong>.5 4.4 2.9 6.1 11.5 10.8 9.4 10.3 11.1<br />

bZ,e,Q 38.6 45.5 39.0 31.4 27.0 29.5 27.4 18.9 19.4 15.7 <strong>12</strong>.7 13.5 11.1 6.6 9.9 9.6 10.4 9.7 <strong>12</strong>.6<br />

phuh 23.6 17.6 10.9 14.1 2.5 -3.9 -3.8 -8.5 -7.0 -13.9 -15.4 -7.8 1.7 3.5 6.2 3.6 5.7 7.0 6.2<br />

[kk| rsy 0.1 -1.3 0.5 2.3 3.5 5.6 6.8 6.4 5.6 9.7 13.0 13.0 13.5 15.5 15.8 14.8 14.7 13.5 13.1<br />

lzksr% vkfFkZd lykgdkj Mh vkbZ ih ih dk dk;kZy;A


vuqca/k 239<br />

S-3\E\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\annexure\annexure 4.8<br />

vuqca/k% 5-3% U;wure leFkZu ewY; ¼#- izfr fDoaVy½<br />

ftUl fdLe 2007-08 2008- 09 2009-10 2010-11 (#)2009&10 2011-<strong>12</strong> (#) 2010&11<br />

<strong>dh</strong> rqyuk esa <strong>dh</strong> rqyuk esa<br />

U;wure leFkZu U;wure leFkZu<br />

ewY; esa 2010&11 ewY; esa 2011&<strong>12</strong><br />

esa o`f) esa o`f)<br />

[kjhQ Qly<br />

/kku lkekU; 645$$/850~ 850$ 950$ 1000 50(5.3) 1080 80(8.0)<br />

xzsM ^,* 675$$/880~ 880$ 980$ 1030 50(5.1) 1110 80(7.8)<br />

Tokj ladj 600 840 840 880 40(4.8) 980 100(11.4)<br />

eynkuh 620 860 860 900 40(4.7) 1000 100(11.1)<br />

cktjk 600 840 840 880 40(4.8) 980 100(11.4)<br />

eDdk 620 840 840 880 40(4.8) 980 100(11.4)<br />

jkxh 600 915 915 965 50(5.5) 1050 85(8.8)<br />

vjgj ¼rwj½ 1550^^ 2000 2300 3000 700(30.4) 3200 200(6.7)<br />

ewax 1700^^ 2520 2760 3170 410(14.9) 3500 330(10.4)<br />

mM+n e/;e js'kk 1700^^ 2520 2520 2900 380(15.1) 3300 400(13.8)<br />

dikl yack js'kk 1800 2500ª 2500ª 2500ª 0(0.0) 2800ª 300(<strong>12</strong>.0)<br />

2030 3000ªª 3000ªª 3000ªª 0(0.0) 3300ªª 300(10.0)<br />

ewaxQyh fNydk<br />

lwjteq[kh cht<br />

1550<br />

1510<br />

2100<br />

2215<br />

2100<br />

2215<br />

2300<br />

2350<br />

200(9.5)<br />

135(6.1)<br />

2700<br />

2800<br />

400(17.4)<br />

450(19.1)<br />

lks;kchu dkyk 910 1350 1350 1400 50(3.7) 1650 250(17.8)<br />

ihyk 1050 1390 1390 1440 50(3.6) 1690 250(17.4)<br />

fry 1580 2750 2850 2900 50(1.8) 3400 500(17.2)<br />

jkefry<br />

jch Qly<br />

<strong>12</strong>40 2405 2405 2450 45(1.9) 2900 450(18.4)<br />

xsgwa 1000 1080 1100 1<strong>12</strong>0& 20(1.8) <strong>12</strong>85 165 (14.7)<br />

tkS 650 680 750 780 30(4.0) 980 200 (25.6)<br />

puk 1600 1730 1760 2100 340(19.3) 2800 700 (33.3)<br />

ewlj ysfVay 1700 1870 1870 2250 380(20.3) 2800 550(24.4)<br />

jSilhM@ljlksa 1800 1830 1830 1850 20(1.1) 2500 650(35.1)<br />

dqlqe 1650 1650 1680 1800 <strong>12</strong>0(7.1) 2500 700(38.9)<br />

rksfj;k<br />

vU; Qlysa<br />

1735 1735 1735 1780 45(2.6) 2425 645(36.2)<br />

dksijk fefyax 3620 3660 4450 4450 0(0.0) 4525 75(1.7)<br />

¼dSys.Mj o"kZ½ cky 3870 3910 4700 4700 0(0.0) 4775 75(1.6)<br />

Hkwlk fudkyk ukfj;y<br />

¼dSysaMj o"kZ½<br />

- 988 <strong>12</strong>00 <strong>12</strong>00 0(0.0) <strong>12</strong>00 0(0.0)<br />

iVlu 1055 <strong>12</strong>50 1375 1575 200(14.5) 1675 100(6.3)<br />

xUuk 81.18 81.18 <strong>12</strong>9.84¤ 139.<strong>12</strong>¤ 9.28(7.1) 145.00¤* 5.88(4.2)<br />

rEckdw ¼oh ,Q lh½ dkyh feV~Vh 32.00<br />

(F2 Gr)<br />

¼#- izfr fdyksxzke½ gY<strong>dh</strong> feV~Vh<br />

(L2 Gr)<br />

34.00<br />

lzksr% vFkZ ,oa lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong> funs'kky;] d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx<br />

# dks"Bdksa esa fn, x, vkadM+s izfr'kr o`f) n'kkZrs gSaA<br />

$ U;wure leFkZu ewY; ij 50 #i;s izfr fDoaVy dk vfrfjDr cksul ns; FkkA<br />

$$ U;wure leFkZu ewY; ij 100 #i;s izfr fDoaVy dk vfrfjDr cksul ns; FkkA<br />

^^ MSP ij ,oa blds vfrfjDr 40 #i;s izfr fDoaVy dk cksul fns FkkA<br />

~ <strong>12</strong>.06.2008 ls<br />

ª 24-5&25-5 <strong>dh</strong> js'kk yack (mm) ,oa ekbØksus;j ewY;A<br />

ªª 29-5&30-5 <strong>dh</strong> js'kk yack (mm) ,oa 3-5&4-3 ekbØksus;j ewY;A<br />

& U;wure leFkZu ewY; (MSP) ij 50 #i;s izfr fDoaVy dk vfrfjDr izksRlkgu cksul ns; gSA<br />

¤ mfpr ,oa ykHkdkjh ewY;A<br />

* 9-5 izfr'fkr ls Åij fjdojh esa izR;sd 0-1 dk izfr'kr o`f) gsrq 1-53 #i;s ds izhfe;e <strong>dh</strong> 'krZ ij 9-5 izfr'kr fjdojhA<br />

[kjhn laLFkkvksa rqvj] mM+n] ,oa ewax ij 500 #i;s fDoaVy dVkbZ <strong>dh</strong> nj ls vfrfjDr izksRlkgu nks eghuksa <strong>dh</strong> vof/k ds nkSjku ns; gSA


240 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

S-3\E\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\annexure\annexure 4.8<br />

vuqca/k 5-4 izeq[k 10 d`f"k fu;kZr ensa<br />

Øe en 2009-10 2010-11<br />

la[;k ek=k 1000 ewY; djksM+ ek=k 1000 ewY; djksM+ 2009&10 <strong>dh</strong><br />

fe-Vu esa #- esa fe- Vu esa #- esa rqyuk esa<br />

2010&11 esa<br />

fu;kZr ds<br />

ewY; esa<br />

izfr'kr<br />

ifjorZu<br />

1 dikl 1358 9537 <strong>12</strong>58 <strong>12</strong>981 36.11<br />

2 rsyh; [kk| 4671 7832 6798 10846 38.49<br />

3 cklerh pkoy 2017 10890 2186 10582 -2.83<br />

4 phuh 45 110 3241 10339 9281.19<br />

5 vU; vukt ¼eq[;r% eDdk½ 2892 2973 3188 3596 20.95<br />

6 vj.Mh dk rsy 398 2179 411 2852 30.85<br />

7 xksjxe ehy 218 1133 403 2806 147.57<br />

8 dktw <strong>12</strong>2 2802 92 2598 -7.28<br />

9 rktk lfCt;ka 2942 2531 -13.97<br />

10 fry cht 222 1518 355 2236 47.24<br />

dqy d`f"k fu;kZr 89342 <strong>12</strong>0186 34.52<br />

ns'k dk dqy fu;kZr 845534 1148170 35.79<br />

dqy fu;kZr esa izfr'kr va'k 10.57 10.47<br />

lzksr % MhthlhvkbZ ,aM ,l


vuqca/k 241<br />

S-3\E\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\annexure\annexure 4.8<br />

vuqca/k% 5-5 izeq[k 10 d`f"k vk;kr ensa<br />

Øekad en 2009-10 2010-11<br />

ek=k 1000 ewY; djksM+ ek=k 1000 ewY; djksM+ 2009&10 <strong>dh</strong><br />

fe- Vu esa #ñ esa fe- Vu esa #ñ esa rqyuk esa<br />

2010&11 esa<br />

fu;kZr ds<br />

ewY; esa<br />

izfr'kr<br />

ifjorZu<br />

1 ouLifr rsy ¼[kk|½ 8034 26483 6718 29442 11.17<br />

2 nkysa 3510 9813 2591 6980 -28.87<br />

3 Qy ,oa esok ¼dktw dks NksM+dj½ 2873 3684 28.23<br />

4 phuh 2551 5966 1198 2787 -53.28<br />

5 dktw 756 3048 504 2480 -18.63<br />

6 elkys 153 1432 108 1359 -5.13<br />

7 dikl 171 <strong>12</strong>41 56 604 -51.31<br />

8 nw/k ,oa Øhe 8 78 37 492 533.90<br />

9 iVlu dPpk 63 149 75 273 82.65<br />

10 xsgwa 164 232 184 236 1.93<br />

dqy d`f"k vk;kr 59528 56196 -5.60<br />

ns'k dk dqy vk;kr 1363736 1605315 17.71<br />

dqy vk;kr ds va'k dk izfr'kr 4.37 3.50<br />

lzksr % MhthlhvkbZ ,aM ,l


242 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

vuqca/k% 6-1 d`f"k vuqla/kku ,oa f'k{kk foHkkx@Hkkñd`ñvuqñ ifj"kn ds laLFkkuksa <strong>dh</strong> lwph<br />

ekU; fo'ofo|ky;<br />

1 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k vuqla/kku laLFkku] iwlk] ubZ fnYyh<br />

2 us'kuy Ms;jh fjlpZ baLVhV~;wV] djuky&132001] gfj;k.kk<br />

3 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; i'kqfpfdRlkfoKku vuqla/kku laLFkku] bTtruxj] cjsyh<br />

4 lsaVªy baLVhV~;wV vkWQ fQ'jht ,tqds'ku] eqEcbZ<br />

laLFkku<br />

1 dsUnzh; pkoy vuqla/kku laLFkku] dVd<br />

2 foosdkuUn ioZrh; d`f"k vuqla/kku laLFkku] vyeksM+k<br />

3 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; nygu vuqla/kku laLFkku] dkuiqj<br />

4 dsUnzh; rEckdw vuqla/kku laLFkku] jkteqUnjh<br />

5 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; xUuk vuqla/kku laLFkku] y[kuÅ<br />

6 xUuk mRiknu laLFkku] dks;Ecrwj<br />

7 dsUnzh; dikl vuqla/kku laLFkku] ukxiqj<br />

8 dsUnzh; twV ,oa lgjs'kk vuqla/kku laLFkku cSjdiqj<br />

9 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; /kk:Hkwfe ,oa pkjk vuqla/kku laLFkku] >kalh<br />

10 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; ckxokuh vuqla/kku laLFkku] cSaxywj<br />

11 dsUnzh; 'khrks".k midfVca/kh; ckxokuh laLFkku] y[kuÅ<br />

<strong>12</strong> dsUnzh; 'khrks".k ckxokuh laLFkku] Jhuxj<br />

13 dsUnzh; 'kq"d ckxokuh laLFkku] chdkusj<br />

14 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; 'kkd vuqla/kku laLFkku] okjk.klh<br />

15 dsUnzh; vkyw vuqla/kku laLFkku] f'keyk<br />

16 dsUnzh; danh; Qly vuqla/kku laLFkku] fr:vuUriqje<br />

17 dsUnzh; jksi.k Qly vuqla/kku laLFkku] dkljxksM<br />

18 dsUnzh; d`f"k vuqla/kku laLFkku] iksVZ Cys;j<br />

19 jk"Vªh; elkyk vuqla/kku laLFkku] dkyhdV<br />

20 jk"Vªh; e`nk ,oa tylaj{k.k vuqla/kku ,oa izf'k{k.k laLFkku] nsgjknwu<br />

21 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; e`nkfoKku laLFkku] Hkksiky<br />

22 dsUnzh; e`nk yo.krk vuqla/kku laLFkku] djuky<br />

23 iwohZ {ks= gsrq Hkkñd`ñvuqñiñ vuqla/kku dkEiysDl] e[kkuk] iVuk<br />

24 dsUnzh; 'kq"d Hkwfe d`f"k vuqla/kku laLFkku] gSnjkckn<br />

25 dsUnzh; 'kq"d {ks= vuqla/kku laLFkku] tks/kiqj<br />

26 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k vuqla/kku laLFkku] dkEiysDl] xksok<br />

27 iwoksZÙkj {ks= ioZrh; Hkkñd`ñvuqñ laLFkku dkEiysDl] ckjkikuh<br />

28 jk"Vªh; vtsfod ncko izca/ku laLFkku] ekysxkao] egkjk"Vª<br />

29 dsUnzh; d`f"k baftfu;fjax laLFkku] Hkksiky<br />

30 dsUnzh; QlyksijkUr vfHk;kaf=<strong>dh</strong> ,oa izksn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong> laLFkku] yqf/k;kuk<br />

31 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; izkd`frd jky ,oa xksan laLFkku] jkaph<br />

32 dsUnzh; dikl izksn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong> vuqla/kku laLFkku] eqEcbZ<br />

33 jk"Vªh; twV ,oa lEc) js'kk izksn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong> vuqla/kku laLFkku] dksydkrk<br />

34 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k lkaf[;<strong>dh</strong> vuqla/kku laLFkku] iwlk] ubZ fnYyh<br />

35 dsUnzh; HksM+ rFkk Åu vuqla/kku laLFkku] vfoduxj] jktLFkku<br />

36 dsUnzh; cdjh vuqla/kku laLFkku] e[knwe<br />

S-3\E\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\annexure\annexure 4.8


vuqca/k 243<br />

37 dsUnzh; HkSal vuqla/kku laLFkku] fglkj<br />

38 jk"Vªh; i'kqiks"k.k ,oa 'kjhj foKku laLFkku] cSaxywj<br />

39 dsUnzh; i{kh vuqla/kku laLFkku] bTtruxj<br />

40 dsUnzh; leqnzh ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> vuqla/kku laLFkku] dksfPp<br />

41 dsUnzh; [kkjktyd`f"k laLFkku] pSUubZ<br />

42 dsUnzh; varnsZ'kh; ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> vuqla/kku laLFkku] cSjdiqj<br />

43 dsUnzh; ekfRL;<strong>dh</strong> izksn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong> laLFkku] dksfPp<br />

44 dsUnzh; rktktyd`f"k laLFkku] Hkqous'oj<br />

45 jk"Vªh; d`f"k vuqla/kku ,oa izca/ku vdkneh] gSnjkckn<br />

jk"Vªh; vuqla/kku dsUnz<br />

1 jk"Vªh; tSoizksn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong> vuqla/kku dsUnz] ubZ fnYyh<br />

2 jk"Vªh; lesfdr<strong>dh</strong>V izca/ku dsUnz] ubZ fnYyh<br />

3 jk"Vªh; yhph vuqla/kku dsUnz] eqtQjiqj<br />

4 jk"Vªh; lkbVjl vuqla/kku dsUnz] ukxiqj<br />

5 jk"Vªh; vaxwj vuqla/kku dsUnz] iw.ks<br />

6 jk"Vªh; dsyk vuqla/kku dsUnz] f=Pph<br />

7 jk"Vªh; cht] elkys vuqla/kku dsUnz] vtesj<br />

8 jk"Vªh; vukj vuqla/kku dsUnz] 'kksykiqj<br />

9 jk"Vªh; vkfpZM vuqla/kku dsUnz] isd;kax] flfDde<br />

10 jk"Vªh; d`f"k okfu<strong>dh</strong> vuqla/kku dsUnz] >kalh<br />

11 jk"Vªh; ÅaV vuqla/kku dsUnz] chdkusj<br />

<strong>12</strong> jk"Vªh; v'o vuqla/kku dsUnz] fglkj<br />

13 jk"Vªh; ekal vuqla/kku dsUnz] gSnjkckn<br />

14 jk"Vªh; lwvj vuqla/kku dsUnz] xqokgkVh<br />

15 jk"Vªh; ;kd vuqla/kku dsUnz] if'peh dkesax<br />

16 jk"Vªh; feFkqu vuqla/kku dsUnz] esnthQsek] ukxkySaM<br />

17 jk"Vªh; d`f"k vFkZO;oLFkk ,oa uhfr vuqla/kku dsUnz] ubZ fnYyh<br />

jk"Vªh; C;wjks<br />

1 jk"Vªh; ikS/k vuqokaf'k<strong>dh</strong> lalk/ku C;wjks] ubZ fnYyh<br />

2 d`f"k egRo lq{ketho jk"Vªh; C;wjks] eÅ] mÙkj izns'k<br />

3 d`f"k egRo <strong>dh</strong>Vlaca/kh jk"Vªh; C;wjks] cSaxywj<br />

4 jk"Vªh; e`nk losZ{k.k ,oa Hkw&mi;ksx ;kstuk C;wjks] ukxiqj<br />

5 jk"Vªh; i'kq vuqokaf'kd lalk/ku C;wjks] djuky<br />

6 jk"Vªh; eRL; vuqokaf'kd lalk/ku C;wjks] y[kuÅ<br />

X;kjgoha ;kstuk esa ¼dqy½ 185] 45 lal~Fkku] 6 jk"Vªh; C;wjks] 4 ekun fo'k~o fon~;ky;] 17 jk"Vªh; vuqla/kku dsUnz] 25 ihñMhñ] 161 ,ñvkbZñlhñvkjñihñ] 17 usVodZ rFkk 10 vU;<br />

dk;ZØe<br />

S-3\E\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\annexure\annexure 4.8


244 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

vuqca/k% 6-2 d`f"k fo'ofon~;ky;ksa <strong>dh</strong> lwph<br />

vka/kz izns'k 3 vkpk;Z ,uñthñ jaxk] d`f"k fo'ofon~;ky;] gSnjkckn<br />

Jh oSadVs'oj i'kqfpfdRlkfoKku fo'ofon~;ky;] fr:ifr<br />

ckxokuh fo'ofon~;ky;] oSadVjkeuxqMse] rkM+siYyhxqM+e] if'peh xksnkojh<br />

vle 1 vle d`f"k fo'ofon~;ky;] tksjgkV<br />

fcgkj 2 jktsUæ d`f"k fo'ofon~;ky;] iwlk] leLrhiqj<br />

fcgkj d`f"k fo'ofon~;ky;] lckSy] leLrhiqj<br />

NRrhlx


vuqca/k 245<br />

ef.kiqj 1 dsUæh; d`f"k fo'ofon~;ky;] bEQky<br />

ukxkySaM 1 ukxkySaM fo'ofon~;ky;] esfnthQjuk] ukxkySaM<br />

mM+hlk 1 mM+hlk d`f"kfoKku ,oa izksn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong> fo'ofon~;ky;] Hkquos'oj<br />

iatkc 2 iatkc d`f"k fo'ofon~;ky;] yqf/k;kuk<br />

xq# vaxnnso i'kqfpfdRlk ,oa i'kqfoKku fo'ofon~;ky;] yqf/k;kuk<br />

jktLFkku 3 egkjk.kk izrki d`f"k ,oa izkSn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong> fo'ofon~;ky;] mn;iqj<br />

Lokeh ds'okuUn jktLFkku d`f"k fo'ofon~;ky;] chdkusj<br />

jktLFkku i'kqfpfdRlk ,oa i'kqfoKku fo'ofon~;ky;] chdusj<br />

rfeyukMq 2 rfeyukMq d`f"k fo'ofon~;ky;] dks;Ecrwj<br />

rfeyukMq i'kqfpfdRlk ,oa i'kqfoKku fo'ofon~;ky;] psUubZ<br />

mRrj izns'k 9 pUnz'ks[kj vktkn d`f"k ,oa izksn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong> fo'ofon~;ky;] dkuiqj<br />

ujsUæ nso d`f"k ,oa izkSn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong> fo'ofon~;ky;] QStkckn<br />

iañ nhun;ky i'kqfpfdRlk ,oa i'kqikyu foñfoñ] eFkqjk mñizñ<br />

ljnkj oYyHk HkkbZ iVsy d`f"k ,oa izkSn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong> fo'ofon~;ky;] esjB mñizñ<br />

ekU;oj Jh dka'kh jke d`f"k ,oa izkSn~;ksfx<strong>dh</strong> fo'ofon~;ky;] ckank] mñizñ<br />

¼ekU;rk izkIr bykgckn d`f"k laLFkku&211007] mñizñ<br />

djus okys½ <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; i'kq fpfdRlk foKkku vuqla/kku laLFkku] bTtruxj ] cjsyh] mñizñ<br />

dsUæh; foñfoñ cukjl fgUnq fo'ofon~;ky;] okjk.klh] mñizñ<br />

vyhx


246 <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; d`f"k <strong>dh</strong> <strong>fLFkfr</strong><br />

o"kZ nw/k v.Ms Åu ekal<br />

¼fefy;u Vu½ ¼fefy;u Vu½ ¼fefy;u fdyksxzke½ ¼fefy;u Vu½<br />

1950-51 17.0 1,832 27.5 -<br />

1960-61 20.0 2,881 28.7 -<br />

1980-81 31.6 10,060 32.0 -<br />

1990-91 53.9 21,101 41.2 -<br />

1991-92 55.7 21,983 41.6 -<br />

1992-93 58.0 22,929 38.8 -<br />

1993-94 60.6 24,167 39.9 -<br />

1994-95 64.0 25,975 40.6 -<br />

1995-96 66.2 27,198 42.4 -<br />

1996-97 69.1 27,496 44.4 -<br />

1997-98 72.1 28,689 45.6 -<br />

1998-99 75.4 29,476 46.9 1.9<br />

1999-2000 78.3 30,447 47.9 1.9<br />

2000-01 80.6 36,632 48.4 1.9<br />

2001-02 84.4 38,729 49.5 1.9<br />

2002-03 86.2 39,823 50.5 2.1<br />

2003-04 88.1 40,403 48.5 2.1<br />

2004-05 92.5 45,201 44.6 2.2<br />

2005-06 97.1 46,235 44.9 2.3<br />

2006-07 102.6 50,663 45.1 2.3<br />

2007-08 107.9 53,583 43.9 4.0<br />

2008-09 1<strong>12</strong>.2 55,562 42.8 4.3<br />

2009-10 116.4 60,267 43.1 4.6<br />

2010-11 <strong>12</strong>1.8 63,024 43.0 4.8<br />

lzksr % jkT;@la?k 'kkflr {ks= i'kq ikyu foHkkxA<br />

¹ iqu% laxfBr {ks= lsA<br />

& miyC/k ughaA<br />

S-3\E\Report 20<strong>12</strong>\3973AG\annexure\annexure 4.8<br />

vuqca/k% 7-1 vf[ky <strong>Hkkjrh</strong>; nw/k] v.Ms vkSj Åu dk mRiknu

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