16. Shynkarenka A. 2005. Augalų apsaugos efektyvumas nuo valgomųjų svogūnųkenkėjų <strong>ir</strong> ligų. Sodininkystė <strong>ir</strong> daržininkystė, 24(3): 377–386.17. Tarakanovas P., Raudonius S. 2003. Agronominių tyrimų duomenų statistinėanalizė, taikant kompiuterines programas ANOVA, STAT, SPLIT–PLOT iš paketoSELEKCIJA <strong>ir</strong> IRRISTAT. Akademija, Kauno r.18. Ulmanis J., Nollendorfs V., Kilevica M. 1997. Dardenu un saknaugu audzešanasėklam. Talsi, 127–139.19. Žabaliūnienė D., Pranaitienė R., Viškelis P. 2004. Augalinių inhibitorių naudojimassėklinių bulvių laikymui. Sodininkystė <strong>ir</strong> daržininkystė, 23(3): 119–125.20. Борисов В. А. 2008. Комплексное использование агрохимических средствкак основа экологически безопасной системы удобрения овощных культур.Овощеводство, 15: 63–70.21. Кононков П. В.‚ Губкин В. Н. 1986. Повышение полевой всхожести семяновощных культур. Россельхозиздат, Москва.22. Мойсевич Н. В. 2008. Влияние удобрений на урожайность и качестволука репчатого выращиваемого в однолетней культуре. Овощеводство, 15:153–161.23. Пиров Т. Т., Романова А. В., Масловский С. А. 2001. Современная технологияпроизводства уборки хранения лука репчатого. Технопрнт, Минск.SODININKYSTĖ IR DARŽININKYSTĖ. SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES. 2009. <strong>28</strong>(2).Influence of ecological fertilizers on onion productivity and storageR. Starkutė, P. Viškelis, O. Bundinienė, V. ZalatoriusSummaryIn 2005–2007 at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture there was investigated the influenceof liquid fertilizer “Biokal 01” and potassium magnesia on productivity and quality ofedible onions ‘Babtų didieji’ grown out of seeds. Investigations were carried out in experimentalfield for ecological vegetable growing, in calcaric epihypogleyic luvisol of sandy loam on lightloam soil.It was established that when onion seeds were processed with liquid fertilizer “Biokal 01”the crop grew more even and denser. Onions, which were fertilized before sowing with potassiummagnesia and for three times during vegetation with liquid fertilizer “Biokal 01”, wereof bigger diameter and mass. In all the years of investigations the biggest marketable onionyield and output of marketable yield (correspondingly 15,2 ha -1 and 65,8 %) were obtainedfertilizing before sowing with potassium magnesia and for three times during vegetation withfertilizer “Biokal 01”.The biggest amount of the persistent marketable production was obtained storing onions,which were fertilized before sowing with potassium magnesia and during vegetation – withliquid fertilizer “Biokal 01”.Key words: “Biokal 01”, persistence, potassium magnesia, marketable yield, edibleonion.104
SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF THE LITHUANIAN INSTITUTE OFHORTICULTURE AND LITHUANIAN UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE.SODININKYSTĖ IR DARŽININKYSTĖ. 2009. <strong>28</strong>(2).Influence of herbicides spraying time andfrequency on onion crop weedinessDanguolė KavaliauskaitėLithuanian Institute of Horticulture, Kauno 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Kaunas distr.,Lithuania, e-mail d.kavaliauskaite@lsdi.ltIn 2006–2007 at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture there were carried out the investigationsof herbicide Oxyfluorfen efficiency in onion crop.The investigated herbicide effectively decreased the total weed number in onion crop.Annual dicotyledonus weeds were averagely sensitive to herbicide Oxyfluorfen spraying bothfor three times (0.1 l ha -1 ) and for two times: when onions produced two leaves (0.25 l ha -1 )and when onions produced three leaves (0.3 l ha -1 ). The total number of annual dicotyledonusweeds decreased 70.6–71.4 %. Especially sensitive to Oxyfluorfen there were these weeds:shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris L.) (80.7–85.2 %), rough amaranth (Amaranthusretroflexus L.) (92–94 %) and common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.) (84.6–90.0 %).Key words: yield, herbicides, Oxyfluorfen, onion, weeds.Introduction. Onion crops are very sensitive to weed competition during all thevegetation period, because they during vegetation don’t grow such a luxuriant leaves,which would cover inter-rows and stop weed germination. Weeds are injuriousto cultural plants, since they absorb from soil nutrients, humidity and cover plantsfrom light. There are plants, which are able to compete with them rather good, butnot all the plants have equal competitive power. A lot of cultural plants, especiallyvegetables, can’t choke weeds. The competitive power of onions is the weakest one(Heemst, 1985). Weed competition, which lasts during all the onion vegetation period,decreases the yield of this vegetable 86 %. Weed competition during the f<strong>ir</strong>st15 vegetation days does not influence negatively onion crop. If the crop is preservedwithout weeds only for the f<strong>ir</strong>st 15 days and later on weeds aren’t destroyed, onionyield decreases 81 % (Shuaib, 2001). If onion crop remains weedy more than 5 weeks,then during next two weeks because weed competition it is lost 4 % of yieldevery day. In order to completely avoid onion yield losses, it is necessary to preservethe crop without weeds approximately for 7 weeks after the germination of 50 % ofonions (Bond, Burston, 1996). Similar situation is with spring onions: unsuccessfulweed control decreases yield 96 %. Some scientists point out that single weed removalin proper time may help to avoid onion yield losses. This proper time may be21–56 days after the germination of 50 % of onions. According to the data of other105
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Lietuvos sodininkystĖs ir darŽini
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SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF THE LITHUANIAN
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Table 1. Dates of blooming periods
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Average yield of apple cultivars ra
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Table 4. Harvest date, end of stora
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10. Sasnauskas A., Gelvonauskienė
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(Curran ir kt.,1995; Filella ir kt.
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yra mažesnis. Vis dėlto chlorofil
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Literatūra1. Asada T., Ogasawara M
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LIETUVOS SODININKYSTĖS IR DARŽINI
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1 pav. Laikotarpio nuo seno sodo i
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4 pav. Laikotarpio nuo seno sodo i
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9. Leinfelder M. M., Merwin I. A. 2
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availability of nutrients and incre
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Table 2. Amount of microelements (m
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of P was determined in the apple-tr
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References1. Adriano D. C. 1986. Tr
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LIETUVOS SODININKYSTĖS IR DARŽINI
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SOD-1 izoformos aktyvumas yra dides
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Palyginę 2007 ir 2008 metų duomen
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action of berries of these cultivar
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1999; Litwińczuk, 2002). Duomenų
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2 pav. Kanamicino įtaka vienam eks
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eksplantus - mikroūglius ir hipoko
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Table. The light emitting diode com
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Fig. 2. The contents of phenolic co
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Nevertheless, our pilot results imp
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veikiamų ‘Luokė’ veislės že
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selekcijos procesą. Vienas pagrind
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Tyrimais nustatyta, kad organogenez
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Žalios spalvos augalai regeneranta
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9. Mashayekhi M., Shakib A. M., Ahm
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ATMINTINĖ AUTORIAMS, RAŠANTIEMSĮ
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Bandymų veiksnių gradacijos lente
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GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION AND
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they should be understandable. The
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Turinys - ContentsA. Sasnauskas, D.
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S. Sakalauskienė, A. Brazaitytė,