90 polifonia, rogorc qarTuli tradiciuli musikaluri azrovnebis ZiriTadi ...
90 polifonia, rogorc qarTuli tradiciuli musikaluri azrovnebis ZiriTadi ...
90 polifonia, rogorc qarTuli tradiciuli musikaluri azrovnebis ZiriTadi ...
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
<strong>90</strong>rusudan wurwumia<strong>polifonia</strong>, <strong>rogorc</strong> <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>tradiciuli</strong><strong>musikaluri</strong> <strong>azrovnebis</strong> <strong>ZiriTadi</strong> kategoriadaiwyo XXI saukune, mesame aTaswleuli qristes aqeT da <strong>qarTuli</strong><strong>musikaluri</strong> kulturac Tavisi ganviTarebis axal fazaSi Sevida. <strong>rogorc</strong>nebismieri uZvelesi <strong>musikaluri</strong> kultura, <strong>qarTuli</strong>c mravalSrianimovlenaa da mis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes Sres <strong>tradiciuli</strong> musikawarmoadgens. <strong>tradiciuli</strong> musikis qveS qarTul sinamdvileSi moiazrebaori, drosa da sivrceSi ganfenili, erTmaneTTan mWidrod dakavSirebulimovlena _ mravalxmiani simRera da mravalxmiani galoba.sazogadod, kultura unda ganvixiloT, <strong>rogorc</strong> eTnosis erTianicnobierebis samyarosTan urTierTobis mTliani sistema, romelSiceris istoriul-kulturuli ganviTarebis procesi bunebrivad gamokveTsor Sres. am Sreebis dasaxasiaTeblad mecnierebi xmaroben cnebebs`mosaxmari~ da `simboluri~ (naTaZe, 1988), romlebic <strong>musikaluri</strong>kulturis arsis maxasiaTeblebadac gvevlinebian: <strong>musikaluri</strong> kulturacasimboloebs imas, rac am kulturis Semqmnels sxva kulturis Semqmnelisaganganasxvavebs; da <strong>musikaluri</strong> kulturac monawileobs e.w.`mosaxmar kulturaSi~, romelSic eTnosis cxovrebis damaxasiaTebeliwesia ganxorcielebuli.kulturis simboluri da mosaxmari mniSvnelobebi erTmaneTs aremTxveva, anu sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, `simboluri~ kulturis cnebaver itevs kulturis mTel sistemas, romelic aucileblad gulisxmobskulturis e.w. `mosaxmar~ donesac. am ukanasknelis doneze kulturaaraeTgvarovania, asaxavs bgeradi sinamdvilis mTels speqtrsda sxvadasxva socio-istoriul viTarebaSi xSirad erTob Wrel suraTsaciZleva. `mosaxmari~ kulturis cneba ufro farToa, igi arsebi-Tad mTels kulturas moicavs, aireklavs kulturis qmnadobis mudmivprocess, romelSic yvelaferTan erTad ucxokulturul tradicieb-Tan urTierTobis dialeqtikac aris realizebuli. swored `mosaxmar~doneze xorcieldeba eTnosis <strong>musikaluri</strong> cnobierebis mier misTvismisawvdomi sxvaeTnikuri mxatvruli movlenebis aRqma. es procesieTnosisaTvis Tvalsawieris gafarToebis saSualebaa, misi <strong>musikaluri</strong><strong>azrovnebis</strong> ganviTarebis aucilebeli piroba.rac Seexeba `simbolur~ kulturas, masSi Tavs iyris `mosaxmaris~ donezeCamoyalibebuli Rirebulebebis garkveuli nawili. es procesi aseSeiZleba warmovidginoT: `mosaxmaridan~ `simbolurSi~ gadadis is, rackerZos mniSvnelobas scildeba, gansakuTrebulisa da zogadis kategoriebiTaRiniSneba da, Sesabamisad, erovnuli kulturis `sruluflebianiwarmomadgenlis~ mniSvnelobas iZens. amrigad, simbolur kultura-Si grovdeba yvelaferi, rac eris sulierebisa Tu misi materialuri
yofierebis specifikurobis niSniTaa aRbeWdili da gansakuTrebulRirebulebas warmoadgens.magaliTad, Suasakuneebis <strong>qarTuli</strong> literaturis Zeglebi mowmoben,rom am periodis qarTul sinamdvileSi `mosaxmaris~ doneze, e.i. yofa-Si (warCinebulTa karze da qalaqis mosaxleobis sxvadasxva fenebSi)intensiurad JRerda aRmosavluri monodiuri musika (baxtaZe,1985),romelic praqtikulad ar monawileobs Zveli saqarTvelos simbolurkulturaSi _ glexur mravalxmianobasa da saeklesio vokalur <strong>polifonia</strong>Si.simboluri kultura tradiciis yvelaze myari matarebelia. igiaswored, rasac tradiciul kulturas veZaxiT, rac saukuneebis man-Zilze gadadis Taobidan TaobaSi da erovnuli kulturis saxes qmnis,mis TviTmyof bunebas warmoaCens. tradiciul musikalur azrovnebasaqvs genetikur-istoriuli mexsiereba, romelic uzrunvelyofsmis uwyvetobas, erovnuli <strong>musikaluri</strong> `pirvelgancdis~, `pirvelsaxis~,koleqtiur cnobierebaSi Camoyalibebuli da mravalgzis ganmeorebuliarqetipis monawileobas masSi.<strong>qarTuli</strong> materialuri da sulieri kulturis Zeglebi adasturebs,rom Cveni <strong>musikaluri</strong> kulturis, <strong>rogorc</strong> TviTmyofi fenomenis Camoyalibebaistoriulad uZvelesi winaaziuri civilizaciebis wiaRSi moxdada mas, <strong>rogorc</strong> am civilizaciis nawils, erTxel SemuSavebulimxatvruli kanonebisa da principebis erTguleba axasiaTebda. sworedamisa da Tavisi gansakuTrebuli geopolitikuri mdebareobis gamo, qar-Tulma tradiciulma musikalurma azrovnebam XX saukunemde Semoinaxa,<strong>rogorc</strong> <strong>qarTuli</strong> folkloristikis fuZemdebeli d.arayiSviliTiTqmis saukunis win ambobda, `metad Zvirfasi damamtkicebeli sabu-Ti imisa, Tu daaxloebiT rogori unda yofiliyo Rrma warsulSi zogadadqarTveluri simRera~ (Àðàêèøâèëè,1946:5). saintereso isaa, rommusicirebis Cvenamde moRweul primitiul, `pirvelad~ formebSi TiTqmisyovelTvis mJRavndeba mzaoba burdonuli mravalxmianobisaTvis,sadac mxolod `Sebanebaa~ saWiro, Tumca ki orxmianad ar mRerian.amrigad <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>musikaluri</strong> Zeglebi saSualebas gvaZleven TvaligavadevnoT erovnuli <strong>tradiciuli</strong> mravalxmianobis Camoyalibebisa daganviTarebis xangrZliv gzas, <strong>rogorc</strong> Tanmimdevrul process. racSeexeba mis adgilobriv warmomavlobas, amis damadasturebeli mravalida, maT Soris, araqarTveli mecnieris Tvalsazrisi arsebobs.<strong>qarTuli</strong> mravalxmianobis xanierebaze zusti miTiTeba, cxadia,SeuZlebelia, magram is ki SeiZleba iTqvas, rom igi <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>musikaluri</strong>kulturis ganviTarebis erT-erT uadres etapze – warmarTulepoqaSi Camoyalibda, manam, sanam saqarTveloSi qristianoba gamocxaddebodasaxelmwifo religiad (C.w.IV s.).ra gvaZlevs aseTi mtkicebis uflebas?msjelobis logika aseTia:91
92 rusudan wurwumiaeTnosis erad Camoyalibebis winapiroba erTian erovnul cnobierebazedamyarebuli kulturuli erTianobaa. aseTi erTianoba, <strong>rogorc</strong>ideologiuri mrwamsi, ara mxolod (da ara imdenad) Teoriulad gacnobierebuli,aramed praqtikuli moRvaweobis impulsi, safuZvlad daedoqarTvelTa winaprebis swrafvas erTiani <strong>qarTuli</strong> saxelmwifosakenZv. w. III saukuneSi. farnavazis <strong>qarTuli</strong> saxelmwifo Seiqmna odesRacerTiani eTnikuri jgufis sxvadasxva eTnikur jgufebad daqsaqsulqarTvelTa nebayoflobiT gaerTianebis Sedegad (mroveli,1987) racmaT maRal erovnul-kulturul TviTSegnebaze metyvelebs. cnobierebamTliani movlenaa da amitom am droisaTvis erovnuli mxatvrulicnobierebis Camoyalibebac unda vivaraudoT. am droisaTvis <strong>qarTuli</strong><strong>musikaluri</strong> azrovnebac unda yofiliyo Camoyalibebuli, <strong>rogorc</strong>garkveuli musikalur-poeturi semantikis mqone sistema, romelsac originalurimusikalur-gamomsaxvelobiTi struqtura, <strong>musikaluri</strong> masalisorganizaciis sakuTari principebi gaaCnda. am principebSi iyorealizebuli erovnuli mxatvrul-esTetikuri azrovneba, romlis<strong>musikaluri</strong> maxasiaTeblebis _ intonaciis, ritmis, kilo-harmoniisspecifikuroba akumulirebuli iyo mravalxmian wyobaSi. TiTqos dResZnelia vilaparakoT im uZvelesi simRerebis TviTmyofadobaze, qarTvelTawinaprebi rom mRerodnen, magram uZveles wyaroebSi (qsenofonte,Zv.w.V saukune) xazgasmiTaa aRniSnuli maTi simRerebisa da cekvebis`raRac gansakuTrebuli yaidis~ Sesaxeb. zogierTi qarTvelimecnieri qsenofontes am cnobas warmarTuli <strong>qarTuli</strong> simRerebismravalxmianobis sabuTad miiCnevs, zogierTi _ ara (aslaniSvili,1954:12). marTlac, SeuZlebelia imis mtkiceba, rom `gansakuTrebulobaSi~berZeni istorikosi mravalxmianobas gulisxmobda, magram is kiasavaraudo, rom ukve im droisaTvis <strong>qarTuli</strong> simRera mravalxmiani iyo,radgan am `gansakuTrebulma~ sasimRero kulturam ramdenime saukunisSemdeg mTels monodiur qristianul samyaroSi gamorCeuli <strong>qarTuli</strong>mravalxmiani galobis TviTmyofadi saxe ganapiroba.amrigad, Suasakuneebis qristianul musikalur kulturaSi <strong>qarTuli</strong>galobis unikalobas misi mravalxmiani wyoba ganapirobebs.Tavis mxriv, wyoba, <strong>rogorc</strong> polifoniuri <strong>azrovnebis</strong> erT-erTi<strong>ZiriTadi</strong> kategoria, `<strong>musikaluri</strong> materiis~ Taviseburebas gansazRvravs.magram wyoba metia, vidre mxolod <strong>musikaluri</strong> gamosaxvis saSualeba.masSi ganxorcielebulia qarTvelTa mier samyaros aRqmis specifikuriidea, radgan mxatvruli azrovneba da, miT ufro, sakulto-religiuri,simboloebis mkafiod Camoyalibebul sistemas emyareba.am ideis specifikurobas erovnuli mxatvruli warmodgenebi asazrdoeben,amitom, SemTxveviTi araa, rom eTnosis msoflaRqmis konkretulmusikalur gamoxatulebad qarTul sinamdvileSi samxmiani qoraliiqca.istoriulad Camoyalibebuli Tvalsazrisis mixedviT, qoraluri
<strong>polifonia</strong>, <strong>rogorc</strong> <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>tradiciuli</strong><strong>musikaluri</strong> <strong>azrovnebis</strong> <strong>ZiriTadi</strong> kategoria93sawyisi sulierisa da zneobrivis kategoriebs ukavSirdeba, ris gamocSeiZleba iTqvas, rom <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>tradiciuli</strong> mravalxmianoba saukuneebismanZilze erovnuli sulierebisa da maRalzneobriobis simbolodCamoyalibda. amasTan, <strong>qarTuli</strong> vokaluri <strong>polifonia</strong>, romelic dasabamswarmarTul epoqaSi iRebs, winareqristianuli da qristianulepoqaluri<strong>musikaluri</strong> cnobierebis simboloa, romelSic realizebuliaerovnuli mxatvrul-esTetikuri azrovneba da warmoadgens originalurfenomens, romelSic gansxeulebulia sulierisa da zneobrivisis gansakuTrebuloba, qarTvelma erma Tavis droze rom Seitanakulturul RirebulebaTa saganZurSi. samwuxarod, Tavad kacobriobamjerjerobiT Zalian cota icis am monapovris Sesaxeb.<strong>polifonia</strong>, <strong>rogorc</strong> <strong>azrovnebis</strong> kategoria, mxolod musikis sakuTrebasar warmoadgens. XX saukuneSi ukve daiwyes laparaki polifoniurazrovnebaze literaturaSi, TeatrSi (kakabaZe, 1987:6; Áàõòèí,1975:50). magram <strong>rogorc</strong> sazogadod mxatvruli <strong>azrovnebis</strong> kategoria,igi warsul epoqebSic rom arsebobda, amis dasturs Tundac <strong>qarTuli</strong>mxatvruli azrovneba gvaZlevs. swored im periodSi, roca qarTulmagalobam Tavisi klasikuri mravalxmiani saxe miiRo (X-XI saukuneebi),polifoniuroba, <strong>rogorc</strong> erovnuli mxatvruli <strong>azrovnebis</strong> Tavisebureba,ioane petriwma safuZvlad daudo RvTaebrivi samebis harmoniulierTianobis musikalur analogias (nucubiZe da yauxCiSvili, 1937:XVIII; ix. agreTve n. fircxalava am gamocemaSi). igi mTeli sisruliTgamovlinda <strong>qarTuli</strong> renesansis SedevrSi rusTavelis `vefxistyaosanSi~,<strong>rogorc</strong> samyaros `uTvalavi feriT~ xedvis unari. magram isicbunebrivia, rom yvelaze ufro srulyofilad polifoniuroba qarTulmusikalur kulturaSia realizebuli, <strong>rogorc</strong> qarTvelTa msoflaRqmismxatvrul-<strong>musikaluri</strong> forma.amasTan, polifoniuroba erovnuli <strong>musikaluri</strong> <strong>azrovnebis</strong> <strong>ZiriTadi</strong>kategoriaa, magram ara misi gansakuTrebuloba. mis gansakuTrebulobasSeadgens polifoniuri wyobis imanentur kilo-harmoniul daritmul-intonaciur struqturaTa erToblioba da masSi Cadebulieris <strong>musikaluri</strong> msoflaRqmis adekvaturi mxatvrul-esTetikuri Sinaarsi,romelic gacnobierebulad Tu gaucnobiereblad aireklebamxatvrul movlenaSi da qmnis im specifikur suliskveTebas, am movlenasucxokulturulisagan rom gamoarCevs.qarTveli eris simbolur kulturad qceul qarTul tradiciul<strong>polifonia</strong>s dRes didi gansacdeli adgas. mas Seeqmna saSiSroeba dakargose.w. `saxmari~ Rirebuleba, anu dakargos misi gamoyenebis tradiciada amdenad, praqtikulad dakargos funcionirebisaTvis aucilebelisazogadoebrivi asparezi. simbolod arseboba ki kulturasar SeuZlia am asparezis gareSe.
94rusudan wurwumiadamowmebuli literaturaaslaniSvili, Salva. (1954). <strong>qarTuli</strong> xalxuri simReris narkvevebi. t. I. Tbilisi:xelovneba.baxtaZe, inga. (1985) saero tendenciebis problemisaTvis Zvel qarTulmusikalur-esTetikur kulturaSi. krebulSi: toraZe, gulbaT. (red). <strong>qarTuli</strong>musikis stilisa da dramaturgiis sakiTxebi. samecniero Sromebi. (gv.gv.125-131) Tbilisi: Tbilisis saxelmwifo konservatoria.kakabaZe, zurab. (1987). adamiani, <strong>rogorc</strong> filosofiuri problema. Tbilisi:mecniereba.mroveli, leonti. (1987). cxovreba mefeTa. krebulSi: siraZe, revaz. (red).<strong>qarTuli</strong> mwerloba. t. I. (gv.gv. 49-58). Tbilisi: nakaduli.naTaZe, nodar. (1988). eri da erovnuli kultura. Tbilisi: mecniereba.nucubiZe, Salva da yauxCiSvili, simon. (1937). ioane petriwi da misi `ganmartebai~.krebulSi: ioane petriwi. Sromebi. t. II. (gv.gv.IX - CXII). Tbilisi:tfilisis saxelmwifo universiteti.Àðàêèøâèëè, Äìèòðèé. (1946). Îäíîãîëîñíàÿ è õîðîâàÿ ïåñíÿ Âîñòî÷íîé Ãðóçèè.Òáèëèñè: Ìóçôîíä Ãðóçèè.Áàõòèí, Ìèõàèë. (1975). Ïðîáëåìà ïîýòèêè Äîñòîåâñêîãî. Ìîñêâà: Õóäîæåñòâåííàÿëèòåðàòóðà.
Change language