Nr. 1 - Lietuvos sporto informacijos centras

2010 Nr. 1(59)
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shortening of the small chest and upper trapezius
muscles (Solovjova, 2004).
The lower cross syndrome is characteristic
for athletes of the sports requiring complicated
coordination (eg. ice-hockey and basketball) at high
load on lower extremities: “body falling” forward,
hyper-lordosis of the chest-pelvis area and the
shortening of the pelvic muscles at weakened major
hip muscles and m. rectus abdominis (Travell and
Simons, 1992).
Correction and Prophylaxis
The measurements shown on the athlete profiles
indicate that these changes occur at a young age
during the training process as these athletes are aged
between 14 and 17 years of age. It is my opinion that
for superior athletic performance, athlete posture
profiles should be monitored throughout an athlete’s
development to indicate the speed that these changes
occur. With monitoring of the athletes profiles early
intervention can be made to keep a neutral posture and
allow the athlete to continue competing with a neutral
posture for superior performance and lack of pain.
However, participation in any sport should not
affect an athlete’s posture to the extent that imbalance
leading to pain occurs. If the correct training program
is adopted (one that incorporates strengthening of
antagonistic muscles) a neutral posture should be
maintained throughout the course of an athlete’s
career. This should allow the athlete to maintain
superior athletic performances with minimal injuries
due to posture changes throughout their careers.
Conclusions
1. Athletes of three sports have changes of the
musculoskeletal system, expressed as changes of
posture statics parameters; the greatest distance from
the body vertical line swimmers have in the shoulder
girdle (10.6± 0.4 cm), ice-hockey players – the
highest point of the iliac crest (10.4± 0.7 cm), and
basketball players - the auricle of the ear point.
2. The upper cross syndrome is characteristic for
swimmers. The spine hyperkyphosis of the chest
part and the shortening of the small chest and upper
trapezius muscles have been shown. The lower cross
syndrome is characteristic for ice-hockey players:
hyper-lordosis and the shortening of the pelvic
muscles of the chest-pelvis area at weakened major hip
muscles and m. rectus abdominis have been stated.
3. Taking the test data as the basis it is possible
to state early posture changes and to carry out the
programme of prophylaxis or correction.
References
1. Janda, V. (1994). Manuelle muskelfunktion diagnostik.
Berlin, Ullstein, Moscow.
2. Kendall, H. O., Kendall, F. P. (1982). Muscles Testing and
Function. The Williams and Wilkins company.
3. Solovjova, J. (2004). Jauno peldētāju balsta kustību aparāta
agrīno traucējumu analīze. In: Teorija un prakse skolotāju
izglītībā II. Starptautiskā zinātniskā konference, Rīga, 5.
4. Solovjova, J. (2004). Muscular imbalance in young
swimmers: reasons, prevention of damages. In: Scientific
management of high performance athletes training. 7th
International Sport Science Conf. Vilnius (12-13).
5. Solovjova, J., Upītis, I. (2008). Jauno sportistu
morfofunkcionālā adaptācija fiziskām slodzēm. LSPA
zinātniskie raksti: 2007, 166-175.
6. Vasilyeva, L., Michailov, V. (1995). Electromyographic
substantion of muscle weakness. In: International College
of Applied Kinesiology Europe,. 104-117, London.
7. Travell, J., Simons, D. (1992). Myofascial pain and
disfunction the trigger points. Manual. Williams and
Wilkins, 154-165.
8. Васильева, Л. Ф. (1996). Визуальная диагностика
нарушений статики и динамики опорно-двигательного
аппарата человека. Иваново: МИК. 19-39.
9. Васильева, Л. Ф. (1999). Мануальная диагностика и
терапия (клиническая биомеханика и патобиомеханика).
Руководство для врачей. СПб.: ИКФ Фолиант.145-151.
10. Васильева, Л. Ф. (2002). Нейрофизиологическое
обоснование функциональной слабости мышц.
Приклaдная кинезиология: 1, 19-25.
11. Васильева, Л. Ф. (2002) Гигиена поз и движений.
Приклaдная кинезиология: 1, 53-56.
12. Иваничев, Г. А. (1999). Мануальная медицина. Москва:
Медицина, 48-56.
13. Коган, О. Г., Шмидт, И. Р., Васильева, Л. Ф. (1986).
Визуальная диагностика неоптимальности статики и
динамики. Мануальная медицина: 3, 85- 92.
14. Левит, К.( 1997). Мануальная терапия в рамках врачебной
реабилитации. ВГМУ им.Н.И. Пирогова, 191–195.
Jauno sportininko griaučių raumenų sistemos morfofunkciniai pakitimai
Siekiant ištirti specifinių laikysenos pakitimų
poveikį, buvo testuojami 59 trijų sporto šakų 14–17 metų
sportininkai. Vizualinei diagnostikai buvo taikomas
Doc. dr. Jelena Solovjova, doc. dr. Imantas Upitis, prof. dr. Juris Grantas
Latvijos kūno kultūros akademija
Santrauka
L. Vasiljevos (1996), funkciniam raumenų tyrimui –
V. Jando (1994) ir H. Kendallio, F. Kendall (1982) metodai.
Vadovaujantis šiais metodais buvo sukurta diag-