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Scanlon's Latin Grammar - Essan.org

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54 LATIN GRAMMAR<br />

solus, ..a, ..urn, only, alone, sole<br />

excelsus, ..a, ..urn, high; in excelsis, in th~ highest<br />

hic, her~<br />

nimis, exceedingly<br />

dum (conj.), while, when, until<br />

20. The perfect tense. In the active voice this tense is formed by the<br />

following personal endings added to the perfect stem of the verb:<br />

Singular<br />

Plural<br />

-i -imus<br />

-isti<br />

..istis<br />

-it<br />

-eront<br />

Thus for the first conjugation we have the following:<br />

Singular<br />

laudav-i, I have praised<br />

laudav-isti<br />

laudav-it<br />

Plural<br />

laudav-imus, we have praised<br />

laudav-lstis<br />

laudav-crunt<br />

In the passive voice the perfect tense is formed by adding the present<br />

tense of the verb esse to the past participle. Thus we have:<br />

Singular<br />

laudatus sum, I have been praised<br />

laudatus es<br />

laudatus est<br />

PI ural<br />

laudati sumus, we have been<br />

praised<br />

laudati estis<br />

laudati sunt<br />

In the other canjugations the perfect tense is formed in a similar manner.<br />

Thus we have:<br />

Active<br />

monu-i, I have tvarned<br />

dux-i, I have led<br />

audiv-i, I have heard<br />

Passive<br />

monitus sum, I have been warned<br />

ductus sum, I have been led<br />

auditus sum, I have been heard

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