Scanlon's Latin Grammar - Essan.org

48 LATIN GRAMMAR
c) The rest are declined in the first and second declensions:
laudatus, laudata, laudatum.
d) The gerundive is used to express necessity or obligation.
Examples:
Present: Puerum fratrem Iaudan­ I heard th~ boy praising his
tern audiebam.
brother.
Ad civitatem servos du­ They came to the city leading th~
centes veniebant. slaves.
Past: A matre sua vocati, filii in
domum introibant.
Virgines afHictas pacificabunt.
H aving been called by thdr
mother, the sons went into the
house.
T hey will pacify the afflicted
maidens.
Future: Ad montem ituri sunt. 1
Nos moniturus erat.
Gerundive: Domus nostrae salvandae
sunt. 2
Libri movendi erant.
They are about to go to th~ hill.
He was about to warn us.
Our homes must b~ saved.
Th~ books had to b~ mov~d.
19. Participles of esse, posse, and ire.
(esse, to b~)
Future: futurus, about to b~
(posse, to b~ able)
Present: potens (used as an adjective),
powerful
(ire, to go)
Present: iens (euntis), going
Future: iturus, about to go
1 This form is also referred to as the active periphrastic.
2 This form is sometimes called the passive periphrastic.