Scanlon's Latin Grammar - Essan.org

SECOND LATIN
pro avo, in behalf of the grandfather
pro consule, instead of the consul (proconsul)
c) Sine, tvithaut} governs the ablative.
sine consensu, without the consent
175
d) Tenus, as far as} up to} governs the ablative. It follows its object
and is frequently attached to the feminine of an adjective pronoun to
form an adverb.
Sinis tenus, as far as China
tecto tenus, up to the roof
hactenus, hitherto
quatenus, so far as
e) Sub, under} governs the accusative when motion is indicated,
but the ablative when it denotes rest in a place.
Ea sub sedem posuit. He put them under the chair.
Aqua sub terra est. There is tvater under the ground.
f) Subter, beneath} below} usually governs the accusative, but may
take the ablative.
subter montem, below the hill
subter lacu, below tile lake
g) Super, over} above} governs the accusative to indicate place.
With the meaning of concerning or about} it takes the ablative.
super capita nostra, over our heads
super socordia, concerning sloth
2. In Latin the present indicative with expressions of duration
of time is used where English requires the present perfect. The imperfect,
therefore, is replaced in English by the pluperfect.
Jam diu credit quoniam filius suus adhuc vivit. He has long believed
that his son is still living.
Jam dudum loquebantur. They had been talking for a long time.