Scanlon's Latin Grammar - Essan.org
Scanlon's Latin Grammar - Essan.org Scanlon's Latin Grammar - Essan.org
LATIN GRAMMAR 8. Verbs. In Latin all verbs, except a few that cannot be classified, may be assembled into four distinct groups or conjugations that are distinguished from each other by the ending of the infinitive. Verbs ending in -are are said to belong to the first conjugation (laudare, to praise). Those ending in -ere and stressed on the next to the last syl Iable belong to the second conj ugation (monere, to warn). Those having the infinitive ending in -ere and stressed on the third syllable from the end belong to the third conj ugation (ducere, to lead). Those that end in -ire are grouped together as a fourth conjugation (audire, to hear). The following are the forms of all four conjugations in the present indicative: I Active Voice laudare, to praise monere, to warn laudo [ praise , moneo [ warn laudas thou praisest mones thou warnest laudat he (she, it) praises monet he (she, it) warns laudamus we praise monemus we warn laudatis you praise monetis you warn laudant they praise monent they warn II 17 III dueere, to lead IV audire, to hear dueo [lead audio [ hear dueis thou leadest audis thou hearest dueit he (she, it) leads audit he (she, it) hears ducimus we lead audimus we hear dueitis you lead audltis you hear ducunt they lead audiunt they hear
18 LATIN GRAMMAR Passive Voice I laudor I am praised laudaris 1 th ou art praised laudatur he (she, it) is praised laudamur we are praised laudamini you are praised laudantur they are praised moneor moneris monetur monemur monemini monentur II I am warned thou art warned he (she, it) is warned we are warned you are warned they are warned III ducor I am led duceris thou art led ducitur he (she, it) is led ducimur we are led duclmini you are led ducuntur they are led audior audlris auditur audlmur audimini audiuntur IV I am heard tlzou art heard he (size, it) is heard we are heard you are heard they are Ileard Note the following: a) The infinitive ending (-are, etc.) is dropped before adding the personal endings. b) The distinguishing vowel of the first conj ugation is -a, of the second, -c, and of the third and fourth, -i. c) Most verbs of the first conj ugation are regular, that is, they will be conjugated in all moods and tenses like laudare. d) All verbs of the third conjugation are partly irregular and this irregularity will occur in the perfect tenses and in the past participle. More will be said of this in later lessons. e) There are no progressive or emphatic forms in Latin. laudo means I praise, I do praise, I am praising. 1 In the present, imperfect, and future, the second person singular of the passive has another form, with the ending -re. Thus: laudare, monere, ducere, audire.
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LATIN GRAMMAR<br />
8. Verbs. In <strong>Latin</strong> all verbs, except a few that cannot be classified,<br />
may be assembled into four distinct groups or conjugations that are<br />
distinguished from each other by the ending of the infinitive. Verbs<br />
ending in -are are said to belong to the first conjugation (laudare, to<br />
praise). Those ending in -ere and stressed on the next to the last syl<br />
Iable belong to the second conj ugation (monere, to warn). Those<br />
having the infinitive ending in -ere and stressed on the third syllable<br />
from the end belong to the third conj ugation (ducere, to lead). Those<br />
that end in -ire are grouped together as a fourth conjugation (audire,<br />
to hear).<br />
The following are the forms of all four conjugations in the present<br />
indicative:<br />
I<br />
Active Voice<br />
laudare, to praise<br />
monere, to warn<br />
laudo [ praise<br />
,<br />
moneo [ warn<br />
laudas thou praisest mones thou warnest<br />
laudat he (she, it) praises monet he (she, it) warns<br />
laudamus we praise<br />
monemus we warn<br />
laudatis you praise monetis you warn<br />
laudant they praise monent they warn<br />
II<br />
17<br />
III<br />
dueere, to lead<br />
IV<br />
audire, to hear<br />
dueo [lead audio [ hear<br />
dueis thou leadest audis thou hearest<br />
dueit he (she, it) leads audit he (she, it) hears<br />
ducimus we lead audimus we hear<br />
dueitis you lead audltis you hear<br />
ducunt they lead audiunt they hear
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